artificial-code 1.17.13

package/src/provider/transform.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1561 @@
+import type { ModelMessage, ToolResultPart } from "ai"
+import { mergeDeep, unique } from "remeda"
+import type { JSONSchema7 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
+import type * as Provider from "./provider"
+import type * as ModelsDev from "@ac/core/models-dev"
+import { iife } from "@/util/iife"
+
+type Modality = NonNullable<ModelsDev.Model["modalities"]>["input"][number]
+
+function mimeToModality(mime: string): Modality | undefined {
+  if (mime.startsWith("image/")) return "image"
+  if (mime.startsWith("audio/")) return "audio"
+  if (mime.startsWith("video/")) return "video"
+  if (mime === "application/pdf") return "pdf"
+  return undefined
+}
+
+export const OUTPUT_TOKEN_MAX = 32_000
+
+// OpenAI Responses `include` value that returns the encrypted reasoning state
+// needed for stateless multi-turn reasoning (store: false). Hoisted so every
+// branch that requests it stays in lockstep.
+const INCLUDE_ENCRYPTED_REASONING = ["reasoning.encrypted_content"] as const
+
+export function sanitizeSurrogates(content: string) {
+  return content.replace(/[\uD800-\uDBFF](?![\uDC00-\uDFFF])|(?<![\uD800-\uDBFF])[\uDC00-\uDFFF]/g, "\uFFFD")
+}
+
+// Maps npm package to the key the AI SDK expects for providerOptions
+function sdkKey(npm: string): string | undefined {
+  switch (npm) {
+    case "@ai-sdk/github-copilot":
+      return "copilot"
+    case "@ai-sdk/azure":
+      return "azure"
+    case "@ai-sdk/openai":
+      return "openai"
+    case "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle":
+      return "openai"
+    case "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock":
+      return "bedrock"
+    case "@ai-sdk/anthropic":
+    case "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic":
+      return "anthropic"
+    case "@ai-sdk/google-vertex":
+      return "vertex"
+    case "@ai-sdk/google":
+      return "google"
+    case "@ai-sdk/gateway":
+      return "gateway"
+    case "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider":
+      return "openrouter"
+    case "ai-gateway-provider":
+      // ai-gateway-provider/unified wraps createOpenAICompatible({ name: "Unified" }),
+      // and @ai-sdk/openai-compatible parses compatibleOptions from one of
+      // "openai-compatible" / "openaiCompatible" / "Unified" / "unified". The
+      // "openai-compatible" key emits a deprecation warning at runtime, so we
+      // pick the camelCase form the SDK now treats as canonical.
+      return "openaiCompatible"
+  }
+  return undefined
+}
+
+// TODO: fix this stupid inefficient dogshit function
+function normalizeMessages(
+  msgs: ModelMessage[],
+  model: Provider.Model,
+  _options: Record<string, unknown>,
+): ModelMessage[] {
+  const sanitizeToolResultOutput = (content: ToolResultPart) => {
+    if (content.output.type === "text" || content.output.type === "error-text") {
+      content.output.value = sanitizeSurrogates(content.output.value)
+    }
+    if (content.output.type === "content") {
+      content.output.value = content.output.value.map((item) => {
+        if (item.type === "text") {
+          item.text = sanitizeSurrogates(item.text)
+        }
+        return item
+      })
+    }
+    return content
+  }
+
+  msgs = msgs.map((msg) => {
+    switch (msg.role) {
+      case "tool":
+        if (!Array.isArray(msg.content)) return msg
+        msg.content = msg.content.map((content) => {
+          if (content.type === "tool-result") {
+            return sanitizeToolResultOutput(content)
+          }
+          return content
+        })
+        return msg
+
+      case "system":
+        msg.content = sanitizeSurrogates(msg.content)
+        return msg
+
+      case "user":
+        if (typeof msg.content === "string") {
+          msg.content = sanitizeSurrogates(msg.content)
+        } else {
+          msg.content = msg.content.map((content) => {
+            if (content.type === "text") {
+              content.text = sanitizeSurrogates(content.text)
+            }
+            return content
+          })
+        }
+        return msg
+
+      case "assistant":
+        if (typeof msg.content === "string") {
+          msg.content = sanitizeSurrogates(msg.content)
+        } else {
+          msg.content = msg.content.map((content) => {
+            if (content.type === "text" || content.type === "reasoning") {
+              content.text = sanitizeSurrogates(content.text)
+            }
+            if (content.type === "tool-result") {
+              return sanitizeToolResultOutput(content)
+            }
+            return content
+          })
+        }
+        return msg
+    }
+  })
+
+  // Anthropic rejects messages with empty content - filter out empty string messages
+  // and remove empty text/reasoning parts from array content
+  if (model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/anthropic") {
+    msgs = msgs
+      .map((msg) => {
+        if (typeof msg.content === "string") {
+          if (msg.content === "") return undefined
+          return msg
+        }
+        if (!Array.isArray(msg.content)) return msg
+        const filtered = msg.content.filter((part) => {
+          if (part.type === "text") {
+            return part.text !== ""
+          }
+          if (part.type === "reasoning") {
+            return (
+              part.text.trim().length > 0 ||
+              part.providerOptions?.anthropic?.signature != null ||
+              part.providerOptions?.anthropic?.redactedData != null
+            )
+          }
+          return true
+        })
+        if (filtered.length === 0) return undefined
+        return { ...msg, content: filtered }
+      })
+      .filter((msg): msg is ModelMessage => msg !== undefined && msg.content !== "")
+  }
+
+  // Bedrock specific transforms
+  if (model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock") {
+    msgs = msgs
+      .map((msg) => {
+        if (typeof msg.content === "string") {
+          if (msg.content === "") return undefined
+          return msg
+        }
+        if (!Array.isArray(msg.content)) return msg
+        const filtered = msg.content.filter((part) => {
+          if (part.type === "text") {
+            return part.text !== ""
+          }
+          if (part.type === "reasoning") {
+            return (
+              part.text.trim().length > 0 ||
+              part.providerOptions?.bedrock?.signature != null ||
+              part.providerOptions?.bedrock?.redactedData != null
+            )
+          }
+          return true
+        })
+        if (filtered.length === 0) return undefined
+        return { ...msg, content: filtered }
+      })
+      .filter((msg): msg is ModelMessage => msg !== undefined && msg.content !== "")
+  }
+
+  if (model.api.id.includes("claude")) {
+    const scrub = (id: string) => id.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/g, "_")
+    msgs = msgs.map((msg) => {
+      if (msg.role === "assistant" && Array.isArray(msg.content)) {
+        return {
+          ...msg,
+          content: msg.content.map((part) => {
+            if (part.type === "tool-call" || part.type === "tool-result") {
+              return { ...part, toolCallId: scrub(part.toolCallId) }
+            }
+            return part
+          }),
+        }
+      }
+      if (msg.role === "tool" && Array.isArray(msg.content)) {
+        return {
+          ...msg,
+          content: msg.content.map((part) => {
+            if (part.type === "tool-result") {
+              return { ...part, toolCallId: scrub(part.toolCallId) }
+            }
+            return part
+          }),
+        }
+      }
+      return msg
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (
+    model.providerID === "mistral" ||
+    model.api.id.toLowerCase().includes("mistral") ||
+    model.api.id.toLowerCase().includes("devstral")
+  ) {
+    const scrub = (id: string) => {
+      return id
+        .replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/g, "") // Remove non-alphanumeric characters
+        .substring(0, 9) // Take first 9 characters
+        .padEnd(9, "0") // Pad with zeros if less than 9 characters
+    }
+    const result: ModelMessage[] = []
+    for (let i = 0; i < msgs.length; i++) {
+      const msg = msgs[i]
+      const nextMsg = msgs[i + 1]
+
+      if (msg.role === "assistant" && Array.isArray(msg.content)) {
+        msg.content = msg.content.map((part) => {
+          if (part.type === "tool-call" || part.type === "tool-result") {
+            return { ...part, toolCallId: scrub(part.toolCallId) }
+          }
+          return part
+        })
+      }
+      if (msg.role === "tool" && Array.isArray(msg.content)) {
+        msg.content = msg.content.map((part) => {
+          if (part.type === "tool-result") {
+            return { ...part, toolCallId: scrub(part.toolCallId) }
+          }
+          return part
+        })
+      }
+      result.push(msg)
+
+      // Fix message sequence: tool messages cannot be followed by user messages
+      if (msg.role === "tool" && nextMsg?.role === "user") {
+        result.push({
+          role: "assistant",
+          content: [
+            {
+              type: "text",
+              text: "Done.",
+            },
+          ],
+        })
+      }
+    }
+    return result
+  }
+
+  // Deepseek requires all assistant messages to have reasoning on them
+  if (model.api.id.toLowerCase().includes("deepseek")) {
+    msgs = msgs.map((msg) => {
+      if (msg.role !== "assistant") return msg
+      if (Array.isArray(msg.content)) {
+        if (msg.content.some((part) => part.type === "reasoning")) return msg
+        return { ...msg, content: [...msg.content, { type: "reasoning", text: "" }] }
+      }
+      return {
+        ...msg,
+        content: [
+          ...(msg.content ? [{ type: "text" as const, text: msg.content }] : []),
+          { type: "reasoning" as const, text: "" },
+        ],
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (
+    typeof model.capabilities.interleaved === "object" &&
+    model.capabilities.interleaved.field &&
+    model.api.npm !== "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider"
+  ) {
+    const field = model.capabilities.interleaved.field
+    return msgs.map((msg) => {
+      if (msg.role === "assistant" && Array.isArray(msg.content)) {
+        const reasoningParts = msg.content.filter((part: any) => part.type === "reasoning")
+        const reasoningText = reasoningParts.map((part: any) => part.text).join("")
+
+        // Filter out reasoning parts from content
+        const filteredContent = msg.content.filter((part: any) => part.type !== "reasoning")
+
+        // Include reasoning_content | reasoning_details directly on the message for all assistant messages.
+        // Always set the field even when empty — some providers (e.g. DeepSeek) may return empty
+        // reasoning_content which still needs to be sent back in subsequent requests.
+        return {
+          ...msg,
+          content: filteredContent,
+          providerOptions: {
+            ...msg.providerOptions,
+            openaiCompatible: {
+              ...msg.providerOptions?.openaiCompatible,
+              [field]: reasoningText,
+            },
+          },
+        }
+      }
+
+      return msg
+    })
+  }
+
+  return msgs
+}
+
+function applyCaching(msgs: ModelMessage[], model: Provider.Model): ModelMessage[] {
+  const system = msgs.filter((msg) => msg.role === "system").slice(0, 2)
+  const final = msgs.filter((msg) => msg.role !== "system").slice(-2)
+
+  const providerOptions = {
+    anthropic: {
+      cacheControl: { type: "ephemeral" },
+    },
+    openrouter: {
+      cacheControl: { type: "ephemeral" },
+    },
+    bedrock: {
+      cachePoint: { type: "default" },
+    },
+    openaiCompatible: {
+      cache_control: { type: "ephemeral" },
+    },
+    copilot: {
+      copilot_cache_control: { type: "ephemeral" },
+    },
+    alibaba: {
+      cacheControl: { type: "ephemeral" },
+    },
+  }
+
+  for (const msg of unique([...system, ...final])) {
+    const useMessageLevelOptions =
+      model.providerID === "anthropic" ||
+      model.providerID.includes("bedrock") ||
+      model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock"
+    const shouldUseContentOptions = !useMessageLevelOptions && Array.isArray(msg.content) && msg.content.length > 0
+
+    if (shouldUseContentOptions) {
+      const lastContent = msg.content[msg.content.length - 1]
+      if (
+        lastContent &&
+        typeof lastContent === "object" &&
+        lastContent.type !== "tool-approval-request" &&
+        lastContent.type !== "tool-approval-response"
+      ) {
+        lastContent.providerOptions = mergeDeep(lastContent.providerOptions ?? {}, providerOptions)
+        continue
+      }
+    }
+
+    msg.providerOptions = mergeDeep(msg.providerOptions ?? {}, providerOptions)
+  }
+
+  return msgs
+}
+
+function unsupportedParts(msgs: ModelMessage[], model: Provider.Model): ModelMessage[] {
+  return msgs.map((msg) => {
+    if (msg.role !== "user" || !Array.isArray(msg.content)) return msg
+
+    const filtered = msg.content.map((part) => {
+      if (part.type !== "file" && part.type !== "image") return part
+
+      // Check for empty base64 image data
+      if (part.type === "image") {
+        const imageStr = String(part.image)
+        if (imageStr.startsWith("data:")) {
+          const match = imageStr.match(/^data:([^;]+);base64,(.*)$/)
+          if (match && (!match[2] || match[2].length === 0)) {
+            return {
+              type: "text" as const,
+              text: "ERROR: Image file is empty or corrupted. Please provide a valid image.",
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      const mime = part.type === "image" ? String(part.image).split(";")[0].replace("data:", "") : part.mediaType
+      const filename = part.type === "file" ? part.filename : undefined
+      const modality = mimeToModality(mime)
+      if (!modality) return part
+      if (model.capabilities.input[modality]) return part
+
+      const name = filename ? `"${filename}"` : modality
+      return {
+        type: "text" as const,
+        text: `ERROR: Cannot read ${name} (this model does not support ${modality} input). Inform the user.`,
+      }
+    })
+
+    return { ...msg, content: filtered }
+  })
+}
+
+function mapProviderOptions(
+  msgs: ModelMessage[],
+  transform: (options: Record<string, any> | undefined) => Record<string, any> | undefined,
+) {
+  return msgs.map((msg) => {
+    if (!Array.isArray(msg.content)) return { ...msg, providerOptions: transform(msg.providerOptions) }
+    return {
+      ...msg,
+      providerOptions: transform(msg.providerOptions),
+      content: msg.content.map((part) =>
+        part.type === "tool-approval-request" || part.type === "tool-approval-response"
+          ? part
+          : { ...part, providerOptions: transform(part.providerOptions) },
+      ),
+    } as typeof msg
+  })
+}
+
+export function message(msgs: ModelMessage[], model: Provider.Model, options: Record<string, unknown>) {
+  msgs = unsupportedParts(msgs, model)
+  msgs = normalizeMessages(msgs, model, options)
+  if (
+    (model.providerID === "anthropic" ||
+      model.providerID === "google-vertex-anthropic" ||
+      model.api.id.includes("anthropic") ||
+      model.api.id.includes("claude") ||
+      model.id.includes("anthropic") ||
+      model.id.includes("claude") ||
+      model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/anthropic" ||
+      model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/alibaba") &&
+    model.api.npm !== "@ai-sdk/gateway"
+  ) {
+    msgs = applyCaching(msgs, model)
+  }
+
+  // Remap providerOptions keys from stored providerID to expected SDK key
+  const key = sdkKey(model.api.npm)
+  if (key && key !== model.providerID) {
+    const remap = (opts: Record<string, any> | undefined) => {
+      if (!opts) return opts
+      if (!(model.providerID in opts)) return opts
+      const result = { ...opts }
+      result[key] = result[model.providerID]
+      delete result[model.providerID]
+      return result
+    }
+
+    msgs = mapProviderOptions(msgs, remap)
+  }
+
+  // Strip Responses item IDs before serialization, following Codex and keeping signed request bodies immutable.
+  if (
+    options.store !== true &&
+    key &&
+    ["@ai-sdk/openai", "@ai-sdk/azure", "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle", "@ai-sdk/github-copilot"].includes(
+      model.api.npm,
+    )
+  ) {
+    msgs = mapProviderOptions(msgs, (options) => {
+      if (!options?.[key] || !("itemId" in options[key])) return options
+      const metadata = { ...options[key] }
+      delete metadata.itemId
+      return { ...options, [key]: metadata }
+    })
+  }
+
+  return msgs
+}
+
+export function temperature(model: Provider.Model) {
+  const id = model.id.toLowerCase()
+  if (id.includes("north-mini-code")) return 1.0
+  if (id.includes("qwen")) return 0.55
+  if (id.includes("claude")) return undefined
+  if (id.includes("gemini")) return 1.0
+  if (id.includes("glm-4.6")) return 1.0
+  if (id.includes("glm-4.7")) return 1.0
+  if (id.includes("minimax-m2")) return 1.0
+  if (id.includes("kimi-k2")) {
+    // kimi-k2-thinking & kimi-k2.5 && kimi-k2p5 && kimi-k2-5
+    if (["thinking", "k2.", "k2p", "k2-5"].some((s) => id.includes(s))) {
+      return 1.0
+    }
+    return 0.6
+  }
+  return undefined
+}
+
+export function topP(model: Provider.Model) {
+  const id = model.id.toLowerCase()
+  if (id.includes("qwen")) return 1
+  if (["minimax-m2", "gemini", "kimi-k2.5", "kimi-k2p5", "kimi-k2-5"].some((s) => id.includes(s))) {
+    return 0.95
+  }
+  return undefined
+}
+
+export function topK(model: Provider.Model) {
+  const id = model.id.toLowerCase()
+  if (id.includes("minimax-m2")) {
+    if (["m2.", "m25", "m21"].some((s) => id.includes(s))) return 40
+    return 20
+  }
+  if (id.includes("gemini")) return 64
+  return undefined
+}
+
+const WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS = ["low", "medium", "high"]
+const OPENAI_EFFORTS = ["none", "minimal", ...WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS, "xhigh"]
+const OPENAI_GPT5_1_EFFORTS = ["none", ...WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS]
+const OPENAI_GPT5_2_PLUS_EFFORTS = [...OPENAI_GPT5_1_EFFORTS, "xhigh"]
+const OPENAI_GPT5_PRO_EFFORTS = ["high"]
+const OPENAI_GPT5_PRO_2_PLUS_EFFORTS = ["medium", "high", "xhigh"]
+const OPENAI_GPT5_CHAT_EFFORTS = ["medium"]
+const OPENAI_GPT5_CODEX_XHIGH_EFFORTS = [...WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS, "xhigh"]
+const OPENAI_GPT5_CODEX_3_PLUS_EFFORTS = ["none", ...OPENAI_GPT5_CODEX_XHIGH_EFFORTS]
+
+// OpenAI rolled out the `none` reasoning_effort tier on this date (Responses API).
+// Models released before it 400 on `reasoning_effort: "none"`, so we only expose
+// it as a variant for models new enough to accept it.
+const OPENAI_NONE_EFFORT_RELEASE_DATE = "2025-11-13"
+
+// OpenAI rolled out the `xhigh` reasoning_effort tier on this date. Same reasoning.
+const OPENAI_XHIGH_EFFORT_RELEASE_DATE = "2025-12-04"
+
+// Matches members of the gpt-5 family across the id formats we encounter:
+//   "gpt-5", "gpt-5-nano", "gpt-5.4", "openai/gpt-5.4-codex".
+// Anchored to start-of-string or "/" so it doesn't false-match "gpt-50" or "gpt-5o".
+const GPT5_FAMILY_RE = /(?:^|\/)gpt-5(?:[.-]|$)/
+const GPT5_VERSION_RE = /(?:^|\/)gpt-5[.-](\d+)(?:[.-]|$)/
+const GPT5_PRO_RE = /(?:^|\/)gpt-5[.-]?pro(?:[.-]|$)/
+const GPT5_VERSIONED_PRO_RE = /(?:^|\/)gpt-5[.-]\d+[.-]pro(?:[.-]|$)/
+
+function gpt5Version(apiId: string) {
+  return Number(GPT5_VERSION_RE.exec(apiId)?.[1]) || undefined
+}
+
+function versionedGpt5ReasoningEfforts(apiId: string) {
+  if (GPT5_VERSIONED_PRO_RE.test(apiId)) return OPENAI_GPT5_PRO_2_PLUS_EFFORTS
+  const version = gpt5Version(apiId)
+  if (version === undefined) return undefined
+  if (version === 1) return OPENAI_GPT5_1_EFFORTS
+  return OPENAI_GPT5_2_PLUS_EFFORTS
+}
+
+function gpt5CodexReasoningEfforts(apiId: string) {
+  if (!GPT5_FAMILY_RE.test(apiId) || !apiId.includes("codex")) return undefined
+  const version = gpt5Version(apiId)
+  if (version !== undefined && version >= 3) return OPENAI_GPT5_CODEX_3_PLUS_EFFORTS
+  if (apiId.includes("codex-max") || (version !== undefined && version >= 2)) return OPENAI_GPT5_CODEX_XHIGH_EFFORTS
+  return WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS
+}
+
+function gpt5ChatReasoningEfforts(apiId: string) {
+  if (!GPT5_FAMILY_RE.test(apiId) || !apiId.includes("-chat")) return undefined
+  return gpt5Version(apiId) === undefined ? [] : OPENAI_GPT5_CHAT_EFFORTS
+}
+
+// Computes the reasoning_effort tiers an OpenAI (or OpenAI-compatible upstream
+// routed through it, e.g. cf-ai-gateway) model exposes. Effort order: weakest
+// to strongest.
+function openaiReasoningEfforts(apiId: string, releaseDate: string) {
+  const id = apiId.toLowerCase()
+  if (id.includes("deep-research")) return ["medium"]
+  const chatEfforts = gpt5ChatReasoningEfforts(id)
+  if (chatEfforts) return chatEfforts
+  if (GPT5_PRO_RE.test(id)) return OPENAI_GPT5_PRO_EFFORTS
+  const codexEfforts = gpt5CodexReasoningEfforts(id)
+  if (codexEfforts) return codexEfforts
+  const versionedEfforts = versionedGpt5ReasoningEfforts(id)
+  // GPT-5.1 replaced GPT-5's `minimal` effort with `none`; GPT-5.2+
+  // additionally accepts `xhigh`. Model pages list the supported subset.
+  if (versionedEfforts) return versionedEfforts
+  const efforts = [...WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS]
+  if (GPT5_FAMILY_RE.test(id)) efforts.unshift("minimal")
+  if (releaseDate >= OPENAI_NONE_EFFORT_RELEASE_DATE) efforts.unshift("none")
+  if (releaseDate >= OPENAI_XHIGH_EFFORT_RELEASE_DATE) efforts.push("xhigh")
+  return efforts
+}
+
+function openaiCompatibleReasoningEfforts(id: string) {
+  const apiId = id.toLowerCase()
+  const chatEfforts = gpt5ChatReasoningEfforts(apiId)
+  if (chatEfforts) return chatEfforts
+  if (GPT5_PRO_RE.test(apiId)) return OPENAI_GPT5_PRO_EFFORTS
+  return gpt5CodexReasoningEfforts(apiId) ?? versionedGpt5ReasoningEfforts(apiId) ?? OPENAI_EFFORTS
+}
+
+function anthropicOpus47OrLater(apiId: string) {
+  // Matches "opus-4.7" (Anthropic/Bedrock/Vertex) and "claude-4.7-opus" (SAP AI Core inverted).
+  // Greedy \d+ correctly extends to multi-digit majors (e.g. "claude-10.0-opus") for forward compatibility.
+  const version = /opus-(\d+)[.-](\d+)(?:[.@-]|$)|claude-(\d+)[.-](\d+)-opus(?:[.@-]|$)/i.exec(apiId)
+  if (!version) return false
+  const major = Number(version[1] ?? version[3])
+  const minor = Number(version[2] ?? version[4])
+  return major > 4 || (major === 4 && minor >= 7)
+}
+
+function anthropicSonnet5OrLater(apiId: string) {
+  const version = /sonnet-(\d+)(?:[.@-]|$)|claude-(\d+)-sonnet(?:[.@-]|$)/i.exec(apiId)
+  if (!version) return false
+  return Number(version[1] ?? version[2]) >= 5
+}
+
+function anthropicAdaptiveEfforts(apiId: string): string[] | null {
+  if (anthropicOpus47OrLater(apiId) || anthropicSonnet5OrLater(apiId) || apiId.includes("fable-5")) {
+    return ["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh", "max"]
+  }
+  if (
+    ["opus-4-6", "opus-4.6", "4-6-opus", "4.6-opus", "sonnet-4-6", "sonnet-4.6", "4-6-sonnet", "4.6-sonnet"].some((v) =>
+      apiId.includes(v),
+    )
+  ) {
+    return ["low", "medium", "high", "max"]
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+function anthropicOmitsThinking(apiId: string) {
+  return anthropicOpus47OrLater(apiId) || anthropicSonnet5OrLater(apiId) || apiId.includes("fable-5")
+}
+
+function googleThinkingLevelEfforts(apiId: string) {
+  const id = apiId.toLowerCase()
+  if (!id.includes("gemini-3")) return ["low", "high"]
+  if (id.includes("flash-image")) return ["minimal", "high"]
+  if (id.includes("pro-image")) return ["high"]
+  if (id.includes("flash")) return ["minimal", "low", "medium", "high"]
+  return ["low", "medium", "high"]
+}
+
+function googleThinkingBudgetMax(apiId: string) {
+  const id = apiId.toLowerCase()
+  if (id.includes("2.5") && id.includes("pro") && !id.includes("flash")) return 32_768
+  return 24_576
+}
+
+// SAP's Zod schema drops unknown top-level keys; reasoning controls survive
+// only via `modelParams` (catchall), forwarded verbatim by the SAP SDKs.
+function wrapInSapModelParams(variants: Record<string, Record<string, any>>): Record<string, Record<string, any>> {
+  return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(variants).map(([k, v]) => [k, { modelParams: v }]))
+}
+
+function googleThinkingVariants(model: Provider.Model): Record<string, Record<string, any>> {
+  const id = model.api.id.toLowerCase()
+  if (id.includes("2.5")) {
+    return {
+      high: { thinkingConfig: { includeThoughts: true, thinkingBudget: 16000 } },
+      max: {
+        thinkingConfig: { includeThoughts: true, thinkingBudget: googleThinkingBudgetMax(id) },
+      },
+    }
+  }
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    googleThinkingLevelEfforts(id).map((effort) => [
+      effort,
+      { thinkingConfig: { includeThoughts: true, thinkingLevel: effort } },
+    ]),
+  )
+}
+
+export function variants(model: Provider.Model): Record<string, Record<string, any>> {
+  if (!model.capabilities.reasoning) return {}
+
+  const id = model.id.toLowerCase()
+  const glm52 = ["glm-5.2", "glm-5-2", "glm-5p2"].some(
+    (name) => id.includes(name) || model.api.id.toLowerCase().includes(name),
+  )
+  if (
+    model.api.id.toLowerCase().includes("minimax-m3") &&
+    ["@ai-sdk/anthropic", "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible"].includes(model.api.npm)
+  ) {
+    return {
+      none: { thinking: { type: "disabled" } },
+      thinking: { thinking: { type: "adaptive" } },
+    }
+  }
+  const adaptiveThinkingOmitted = anthropicOmitsThinking(model.api.id)
+  const adaptiveEfforts = anthropicAdaptiveEfforts(model.api.id)
+  if (glm52 && model.api.npm === "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider") {
+    // OpenRouter maps xhigh to GLM-5.2's native max effort.
+    return {
+      high: { reasoning: { effort: "high" } },
+      xhigh: { reasoning: { effort: "xhigh" } },
+    }
+  }
+  if (glm52 && model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible") {
+    return {
+      high: { reasoningEffort: "high" },
+      max: { reasoningEffort: "max" },
+    }
+  }
+  if (glm52 && model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/anthropic") {
+    return {
+      high: { effort: "high" },
+      max: { effort: "max" },
+    }
+  }
+  if (
+    id.includes("deepseek-chat") ||
+    id.includes("deepseek-reasoner") ||
+    id.includes("deepseek-r1") ||
+    id.includes("deepseek-v3") ||
+    id.includes("minimax") ||
+    (id.includes("glm") && !glm52) ||
+    id.includes("kimi") ||
+    id.includes("k2p") ||
+    id.includes("qwen") ||
+    id.includes("big-pickle")
+  )
+    return {}
+
+  // see: https://docs.x.ai/docs/guides/reasoning#control-how-hard-the-model-thinks
+  if (id.includes("grok") && id.includes("grok-3-mini")) {
+    if (model.api.npm === "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider") {
+      return {
+        low: { reasoning: { effort: "low" } },
+        high: { reasoning: { effort: "high" } },
+      }
+    }
+    return {
+      low: { reasoningEffort: "low" },
+      high: { reasoningEffort: "high" },
+    }
+  }
+  if (id.includes("grok")) return {}
+
+  switch (model.api.npm) {
+    case "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider":
+      return Object.fromEntries(
+        (model.api.id.startsWith("openai/") || id.includes("gpt")
+          ? openaiCompatibleReasoningEfforts(model.api.id)
+          : WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS
+        ).map((effort) => [effort, { reasoning: { effort } }]),
+      )
+
+    case "ai-gateway-provider": {
+      // Cloudflare AI Gateway routes every upstream through its OpenAI-compatible
+      // /v1/compat endpoint, so the body is always OAI-shaped. The gateway
+      // translates `reasoning_effort` to the upstream provider's native control
+      // (e.g. Anthropic thinking budgets) when needed. Variants therefore stay
+      // OAI-style for all upstreams, with an extended effort set for OpenAI
+      // models that support it.
+      if (model.api.id.startsWith("openai/")) {
+        const efforts = openaiReasoningEfforts(model.api.id, model.release_date)
+        return Object.fromEntries(efforts.map((effort) => [effort, { reasoningEffort: effort }]))
+      }
+      return Object.fromEntries(WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS.map((effort) => [effort, { reasoningEffort: effort }]))
+    }
+
+    case "@ai-sdk/gateway":
+      if (model.id.includes("anthropic")) {
+        if (adaptiveEfforts) {
+          return Object.fromEntries(
+            adaptiveEfforts.map((effort) => [
+              effort,
+              {
+                thinking: {
+                  type: "adaptive",
+                  // Newer adaptive-only models default `display` to "omitted", which
+                  // returns empty thinking blocks. Force "summarized" so summaries
+                  // survive (4.6/Sonnet 4.6 already default to "summarized").
+                  ...(adaptiveThinkingOmitted ? { display: "summarized" } : {}),
+                },
+                effort,
+              },
+            ]),
+          )
+        }
+        return {
+          high: {
+            thinking: {
+              type: "enabled",
+              budgetTokens: 16000,
+            },
+          },
+          max: {
+            thinking: {
+              type: "enabled",
+              budgetTokens: 31999,
+            },
+          },
+        }
+      }
+      if (model.id.includes("google")) {
+        if (id.includes("2.5")) {
+          return {
+            high: {
+              thinkingConfig: {
+                includeThoughts: true,
+                thinkingBudget: 16000,
+              },
+            },
+            max: {
+              thinkingConfig: {
+                includeThoughts: true,
+                thinkingBudget: googleThinkingBudgetMax(id),
+              },
+            },
+          }
+        }
+        return Object.fromEntries(
+          ["low", "high"].map((effort) => [
+            effort,
+            {
+              includeThoughts: true,
+              thinkingLevel: effort,
+            },
+          ]),
+        )
+      }
+      return Object.fromEntries(
+        openaiCompatibleReasoningEfforts(model.api.id).map((effort) => [effort, { reasoningEffort: effort }]),
+      )
+
+    case "@ai-sdk/github-copilot":
+      if (model.id.includes("gemini")) {
+        // currently github copilot only returns thinking
+        return {}
+      }
+      if (model.id.includes("claude")) {
+        return Object.fromEntries(WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS.map((effort) => [effort, { reasoningEffort: effort }]))
+      }
+      const copilotEfforts = iife(() => {
+        if (id.includes("5.1-codex-max") || id.includes("5.2") || id.includes("5.3"))
+          return [...WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS, "xhigh"]
+        const arr = [...WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS]
+        if (id.includes("gpt-5") && model.release_date >= "2025-12-04") arr.push("xhigh")
+        return arr
+      })
+      return Object.fromEntries(
+        copilotEfforts.map((effort) => [
+          effort,
+          {
+            reasoningEffort: effort,
+            reasoningSummary: "auto",
+            include: INCLUDE_ENCRYPTED_REASONING,
+          },
+        ]),
+      )
+
+    case "@ai-sdk/cerebras":
+    // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/cerebras
+    case "@ai-sdk/togetherai":
+    // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/togetherai
+    case "@ai-sdk/xai":
+    // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/xai
+    case "@ai-sdk/deepinfra":
+    // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/deepinfra
+    case "venice-ai-sdk-provider":
+    // https://docs.venice.ai/overview/guides/reasoning-models#reasoning-effort
+    case "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible":
+      if (model.api.id.toLowerCase().includes("north-mini-code")) {
+        return Object.fromEntries(["none", "high"].map((effort) => [effort, { reasoningEffort: effort }]))
+      }
+      const efforts = [...WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS]
+      if (model.api.id.toLowerCase().includes("deepseek-v4")) {
+        efforts.push("max")
+      }
+      return Object.fromEntries(efforts.map((effort) => [effort, { reasoningEffort: effort }]))
+
+    case "@ai-sdk/azure":
+      // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/azure
+      if (id === "o1-mini") return {}
+      return Object.fromEntries(
+        openaiReasoningEfforts(id, model.release_date).map((effort) => [
+          effort,
+          {
+            reasoningEffort: effort,
+            reasoningSummary: "auto",
+            include: INCLUDE_ENCRYPTED_REASONING,
+          },
+        ]),
+      )
+    case "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle":
+    case "@ai-sdk/openai": {
+      // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/openai
+      const efforts = openaiReasoningEfforts(model.api.id, model.release_date)
+      return Object.fromEntries(
+        efforts.map((effort) => [
+          effort,
+          {
+            reasoningEffort: effort,
+            reasoningSummary: "auto",
+            include: INCLUDE_ENCRYPTED_REASONING,
+          },
+        ]),
+      )
+    }
+
+    case "@ai-sdk/anthropic":
+    // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/anthropic
+    case "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic":
+      // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/google-vertex#anthropic-provider
+      if (adaptiveEfforts) {
+        let efforts = [...adaptiveEfforts]
+        if (model.providerID === "github-copilot") {
+          if (model.api.id.includes("opus-4.7")) {
+            efforts = ["medium"]
+          }
+          // Efforts currently supported are: low, medium, high
+          efforts = efforts.filter((v) => v !== "max" && v !== "xhigh")
+        }
+        return Object.fromEntries(
+          efforts.map((effort) => [
+            effort,
+            {
+              thinking: {
+                type: "adaptive",
+                ...(adaptiveThinkingOmitted ? { display: "summarized" } : {}),
+              },
+              effort,
+            },
+          ]),
+        )
+      }
+
+      if (["opus-4-5", "opus-4.5"].some((v) => model.api.id.includes(v))) {
+        return Object.fromEntries(WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS.map((effort) => [effort, { effort }]))
+      }
+
+      return {
+        high: {
+          thinking: {
+            type: "enabled",
+            budgetTokens: Math.min(16_000, Math.floor(model.limit.output / 2 - 1)),
+          },
+        },
+        max: {
+          thinking: {
+            type: "enabled",
+            budgetTokens: Math.min(31_999, model.limit.output - 1),
+          },
+        },
+      }
+
+    case "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock":
+      // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/amazon-bedrock
+      if (adaptiveEfforts) {
+        return Object.fromEntries(
+          adaptiveEfforts.map((effort) => [
+            effort,
+            {
+              reasoningConfig: {
+                type: "adaptive",
+                maxReasoningEffort: effort,
+                ...(adaptiveThinkingOmitted ? { display: "summarized" } : {}),
+              },
+            },
+          ]),
+        )
+      }
+      // For Anthropic models on Bedrock, use reasoningConfig with budgetTokens
+      if (model.api.id.includes("anthropic")) {
+        return {
+          high: {
+            reasoningConfig: {
+              type: "enabled",
+              budgetTokens: 16000,
+            },
+          },
+          max: {
+            reasoningConfig: {
+              type: "enabled",
+              budgetTokens: 31999,
+            },
+          },
+        }
+      }
+
+      // For Amazon Nova models, use reasoningConfig with maxReasoningEffort
+      return Object.fromEntries(
+        WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS.map((effort) => [
+          effort,
+          {
+            reasoningConfig: {
+              type: "enabled",
+              maxReasoningEffort: effort,
+            },
+          },
+        ]),
+      )
+
+    case "@ai-sdk/google-vertex":
+    // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/google-vertex
+    case "@ai-sdk/google":
+      // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/google-generative-ai
+      return googleThinkingVariants(model)
+
+    case "@ai-sdk/mistral":
+      // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/mistral
+      // https://docs.mistral.ai/capabilities/reasoning/adjustable
+      if (!model.capabilities.reasoning) return {}
+      // Only Mistral Small 4 and Medium 3.5 support reasoning
+      const MISTRAL_REASONING_IDS = [
+        "mistral-small-2603",
+        "mistral-small-latest",
+        "mistral-medium-3.5",
+        "mistral-medium-2604",
+      ]
+      const mistralId = model.api.id.toLowerCase()
+      if (!MISTRAL_REASONING_IDS.some((id) => mistralId.includes(id))) return {}
+      return {
+        high: { reasoningEffort: "high" },
+      }
+
+    case "@ai-sdk/cohere":
+      // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/cohere
+      return {}
+
+    case "@ai-sdk/groq":
+      // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/groq
+      const groqEffort = ["none", ...WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS]
+      return Object.fromEntries(
+        groqEffort.map((effort) => [
+          effort,
+          {
+            reasoningEffort: effort,
+          },
+        ]),
+      )
+
+    case "@ai-sdk/perplexity":
+      // https://v5.ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/perplexity
+      return {}
+
+    case "@jerome-benoit/sap-ai-provider-v2": {
+      if (id.includes("anthropic")) {
+        if (adaptiveEfforts) {
+          // Bedrock adaptive splits `effort` out into `output_config` (vs Anthropic
+          // native which inlines it). Opus 4.7+ flipped `display` default to "omitted".
+          return wrapInSapModelParams(
+            Object.fromEntries(
+              adaptiveEfforts.map((effort) => [
+                effort,
+                {
+                  thinking: { type: "adaptive", ...(adaptiveThinkingOmitted ? { display: "summarized" } : {}) },
+                  output_config: { effort },
+                },
+              ]),
+            ),
+          )
+        }
+        return wrapInSapModelParams({
+          high: { thinking: { type: "enabled", budget_tokens: 16000 } },
+          max: { thinking: { type: "enabled", budget_tokens: 31999 } },
+        })
+      }
+      if (id.includes("gemini") && id.includes("2.5")) {
+        return wrapInSapModelParams(googleThinkingVariants(model))
+      }
+      if (id.includes("gpt") || /\bo[1-9]/.test(id)) {
+        const efforts = openaiReasoningEfforts(id, model.release_date)
+        return wrapInSapModelParams(Object.fromEntries(efforts.map((effort) => [effort, { reasoning_effort: effort }])))
+      }
+      return wrapInSapModelParams(
+        Object.fromEntries(["low", "medium", "high"].map((effort) => [effort, { reasoning_effort: effort }])),
+      )
+    }
+  }
+  return {}
+}
+
+export function options(input: {
+  model: Provider.Model
+  sessionID: string
+  providerOptions?: Record<string, any>
+}): Record<string, any> {
+  const result: Record<string, any> = {}
+
+  if (
+    input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic" ||
+    (!input.model.api.id.includes("claude") && input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/anthropic")
+  ) {
+    result["toolStreaming"] = false
+  }
+
+  // openai and providers using openai package should set store to false by default.
+  if (
+    input.model.providerID === "openai" ||
+    input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/openai" ||
+    input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/github-copilot" ||
+    input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle"
+  ) {
+    result["store"] = false
+  }
+
+  if (input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/azure") {
+    result["store"] = false
+    result["promptCacheKey"] = input.sessionID
+  }
+
+  if (input.model.api.npm === "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider" || input.model.api.npm === "@llmgateway/ai-sdk-provider") {
+    result["usage"] = {
+      include: true,
+    }
+    if (input.model.api.id.includes("gemini-3")) {
+      result["reasoning"] = { effort: "high" }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (
+    input.model.providerID === "baseten" ||
+    (input.model.providerID === "ac" && ["kimi-k2-thinking", "glm-4.6"].includes(input.model.api.id))
+  ) {
+    result["chat_template_args"] = { enable_thinking: true }
+  }
+
+  if (
+    ["zai", "zhipuai"].some((id) => input.model.providerID.includes(id)) &&
+    input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible"
+  ) {
+    result["thinking"] = {
+      type: "enabled",
+      clear_thinking: false,
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (input.model.providerID === "openai" || input.providerOptions?.setCacheKey) {
+    result["promptCacheKey"] = input.sessionID
+  }
+
+  if (input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/google" || input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/google-vertex") {
+    if (input.model.capabilities.reasoning) {
+      result["thinkingConfig"] = {
+        includeThoughts: true,
+      }
+      if (input.model.api.id.includes("gemini-3")) {
+        result["thinkingConfig"]["thinkingLevel"] = "high"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const modelId = input.model.api.id.toLowerCase()
+
+  // MiniMax's Anthropic interface defaults thinking off, unlike Chat Completions.
+  if (modelId.includes("minimax-m3") && input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/anthropic") {
+    result["thinking"] = { type: "adaptive" }
+  }
+
+  // Enable thinking by default for kimi models using anthropic SDK
+  if (
+    (input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/anthropic" || input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic") &&
+    (modelId.includes("k2p") || modelId.includes("kimi-k2.") || modelId.includes("kimi-k2p"))
+  ) {
+    result["thinking"] = {
+      type: "enabled",
+      budgetTokens: Math.min(16_000, Math.floor(input.model.limit.output / 2 - 1)),
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Enable thinking for reasoning models on alibaba-cn (DashScope).
+  // DashScope's OpenAI-compatible API requires `enable_thinking: true` in the request body
+  // to return reasoning_content. Without it, models like kimi-k2.5, qwen-plus, qwen3, qwq,
+  // deepseek-r1, etc. never output thinking/reasoning tokens.
+  // Note: kimi-k2-thinking is excluded as it returns reasoning_content by default.
+  if (
+    input.model.providerID === "alibaba-cn" &&
+    input.model.capabilities.reasoning &&
+    input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible" &&
+    !modelId.includes("kimi-k2-thinking")
+  ) {
+    result["enable_thinking"] = true
+  }
+
+  if (input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/azure" && input.model.api.id.includes("gpt-5.5")) {
+    result["reasoningSummary"] = "auto"
+    return result
+  }
+
+  if (input.model.api.id.includes("gpt-5") && !input.model.api.id.includes("gpt-5-chat")) {
+    if (!input.model.api.id.includes("gpt-5-pro")) {
+      result["reasoningEffort"] = "medium"
+      if (
+        input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/openai" ||
+        input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/azure" ||
+        input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/github-copilot" ||
+        input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle"
+      ) {
+        result["reasoningSummary"] = "auto"
+      }
+      if (input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/openai" || input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle") {
+        result["include"] = INCLUDE_ENCRYPTED_REASONING
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Only set textVerbosity for non-chat gpt-5.x models
+    // Chat models (e.g. gpt-5.2-chat-latest) only support "medium" verbosity
+    if (
+      input.model.api.id.includes("gpt-5.") &&
+      !input.model.api.id.includes("codex") &&
+      !input.model.api.id.includes("-chat") &&
+      input.model.providerID !== "azure"
+    ) {
+      result["textVerbosity"] = "low"
+    }
+
+    if (input.model.providerID.startsWith("ac")) {
+      result["promptCacheKey"] = input.sessionID
+      result["include"] = INCLUDE_ENCRYPTED_REASONING
+      result["reasoningSummary"] = "auto"
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (input.model.providerID === "venice") {
+    result["promptCacheKey"] = input.sessionID
+  }
+
+  if (input.model.providerID === "openrouter") {
+    result["prompt_cache_key"] = input.sessionID
+  }
+  if (input.model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/gateway") {
+    result["gateway"] = {
+      caching: "auto",
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result
+}
+
+export function smallOptions(model: Provider.Model) {
+  const small = Object.values(model.variants ?? {})[0] ?? {}
+  if (
+    model.providerID === "openai" ||
+    model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/openai" ||
+    model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/github-copilot"
+  ) {
+    const base = { store: false }
+    return mergeDeep(base, small)
+  }
+  if (model.providerID === "openrouter" || model.providerID === "llmgateway") {
+    if (model.providerID === "openrouter" && small.reasoning?.effort === "low") {
+      return { reasoning: { effort: "none" } }
+    }
+    if (Object.keys(small).length === 0 && model.api.id.includes("google")) {
+      return { reasoning: { enabled: false } }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (model.providerID === "venice") {
+    if (Object.keys(small).length > 0) return small
+    return { veniceParameters: { disableThinking: true } }
+  }
+
+  return small
+}
+
+// Maps model ID prefix to provider slug used in providerOptions.
+// Example: "amazon/nova-2-lite" → "bedrock"
+const SLUG_OVERRIDES: Record<string, string> = {
+  amazon: "bedrock",
+}
+
+export function providerOptions(model: Provider.Model, options: { [x: string]: any }) {
+  const usesOpenAIReasoningGate =
+    model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/openai" ||
+    model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/azure" ||
+    model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle"
+  const normalized =
+    usesOpenAIReasoningGate &&
+    (model.capabilities.reasoning || options.reasoningEffort !== undefined || options.reasoningSummary !== undefined)
+      ? { ...options, forceReasoning: true }
+      : options
+
+  if (model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/gateway") {
+    // Gateway providerOptions are split across two namespaces:
+    // - `gateway`: gateway-native routing/caching controls (order, only, byok, etc.)
+    // - `<upstream slug>`: provider-specific model options (anthropic/openai/...)
+    // We keep `gateway` as-is and route every other top-level option under the
+    // model-derived upstream slug.
+    const i = model.api.id.indexOf("/")
+    const rawSlug = i > 0 ? model.api.id.slice(0, i) : undefined
+    const slug = rawSlug ? (SLUG_OVERRIDES[rawSlug] ?? rawSlug) : undefined
+    const gateway = normalized.gateway
+    const rest = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(normalized).filter(([k]) => k !== "gateway"))
+    const has = Object.keys(rest).length > 0
+
+    const result: Record<string, any> = {}
+    if (gateway !== undefined) result.gateway = gateway
+
+    if (has) {
+      if (slug) {
+        // Route model-specific options under the provider slug
+        result[slug] = rest
+      } else if (gateway && typeof gateway === "object" && !Array.isArray(gateway)) {
+        result.gateway = { ...gateway, ...rest }
+      } else {
+        result.gateway = rest
+      }
+    }
+
+    return result
+  }
+
+  // AI SDK packages that resolve providerOptionsName by splitting the
+  // provider name on "." (e.g. "wafer.ai" -> "wafer") need the same
+  // logic here so the key we write matches the key they read.
+  // Other SDKs (xai, mistral, groq, cohere, etc.) use hardcoded keys
+  // like "xai" or "cohere" - applying .split(".")[0] would break those.
+  const usesDotSplitOptions =
+    model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible" ||
+    model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/openai" ||
+    model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/anthropic"
+  const key = sdkKey(model.api.npm) ?? (usesDotSplitOptions ? model.providerID.split(".")[0] : model.providerID)
+  // @ai-sdk/azure delegates to OpenAIChatLanguageModel which reads from
+  // providerOptions["openai"], but OpenAIResponsesLanguageModel checks
+  // "azure" first. Pass both so model options work on either code path.
+  if (model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/azure") {
+    return { openai: normalized, azure: normalized }
+  }
+  return { [key]: normalized }
+}
+
+export function maxOutputTokens(model: Provider.Model, outputTokenMax = OUTPUT_TOKEN_MAX): number {
+  return Math.min(model.limit.output, outputTokenMax) || outputTokenMax
+}
+
+type JsonRecord = Record<string, unknown>
+
+function isPlainObject(value: unknown): value is JsonRecord {
+  return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value)
+}
+
+// Mirrors Codex's Rust JSON schema compatibility lowering for OpenAI tool schemas.
+function sanitizeOpenAISchema(value: unknown): unknown {
+  const types = ["string", "number", "boolean", "integer", "object", "array", "null"]
+  const compositionKeys = ["anyOf", "oneOf", "allOf"]
+
+  // JSON Schema's boolean form (`true`/`false`) is unsupported by OpenAI tool schemas.
+  if (typeof value === "boolean") return { type: "string" }
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.map(sanitizeOpenAISchema)
+  if (!isPlainObject(value)) return value
+
+  const result: JsonRecord = {}
+
+  if (typeof value.$ref === "string") result.$ref = value.$ref
+  if (typeof value.description === "string") result.description = value.description
+  if ("const" in value) result.enum = [value.const]
+  else if (Array.isArray(value.enum)) result.enum = value.enum
+
+  if (isPlainObject(value.properties)) {
+    result.properties = Object.fromEntries(
+      Object.entries(value.properties).map(([key, item]) => [key, sanitizeOpenAISchema(item)]),
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(value.required)) {
+    result.required = value.required.filter((item) => typeof item === "string")
+  }
+
+  if ("items" in value) result.items = sanitizeOpenAISchema(value.items)
+
+  if ("additionalProperties" in value) {
+    result.additionalProperties =
+      typeof value.additionalProperties === "boolean"
+        ? value.additionalProperties
+        : sanitizeOpenAISchema(value.additionalProperties)
+  }
+
+  for (const key of compositionKeys) {
+    if (Array.isArray(value[key])) result[key] = value[key].map(sanitizeOpenAISchema)
+  }
+
+  for (const key of ["$defs", "definitions"]) {
+    if (isPlainObject(value[key])) {
+      result[key] = Object.fromEntries(
+        Object.entries(value[key]).map(([name, item]) => [name, sanitizeOpenAISchema(item)]),
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  const schemaTypes =
+    typeof value.type === "string"
+      ? types.includes(value.type)
+        ? [value.type]
+        : []
+      : Array.isArray(value.type)
+        ? value.type.filter((item) => typeof item === "string" && types.includes(item))
+        : []
+
+  if (schemaTypes.length === 0 && (typeof result.$ref === "string" || compositionKeys.some((key) => key in result))) {
+    return result
+  }
+
+  // MCP schemas may omit `type` while still using keywords that imply one.
+  // Keep the schema usable after unsupported keywords are dropped.
+  const inferredTypes =
+    schemaTypes.length > 0
+      ? schemaTypes
+      : ["properties", "required", "additionalProperties"].some((key) => key in value)
+        ? ["object"]
+        : ["items", "prefixItems"].some((key) => key in value)
+          ? ["array"]
+          : "enum" in result || "format" in value
+            ? ["string"]
+            : ["minimum", "maximum", "exclusiveMinimum", "exclusiveMaximum", "multipleOf"].some((key) => key in value)
+              ? ["number"]
+              : []
+
+  if (inferredTypes.length === 0) return {}
+
+  result.type = inferredTypes.length === 1 ? inferredTypes[0] : inferredTypes
+  if (inferredTypes.includes("object") && !("properties" in result)) result.properties = {}
+  if (inferredTypes.includes("array") && !("items" in result)) result.items = { type: "string" }
+  return result
+}
+
+export function schema(model: Provider.Model, schema: JSONSchema7): JSONSchema7 {
+  /*
+  if (["openai", "azure"].includes(providerID)) {
+    if (schema.type === "object" && schema.properties) {
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(schema.properties)) {
+        if (schema.required?.includes(key)) continue
+        schema.properties[key] = {
+          anyOf: [
+            value as JSONSchema.JSONSchema,
+            {
+              type: "null",
+            },
+          ],
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  */
+
+  if (model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/openai" || model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/azure") {
+    schema = sanitizeOpenAISchema(schema) as JSONSchema7
+    // Codex also applies lossy compaction above 4 KB; defer that until OpenCode needs the same schema budget.
+  }
+
+  if (model.providerID === "moonshotai" || model.api.id.toLowerCase().includes("kimi")) {
+    const sanitizeMoonshot = (obj: unknown): unknown => {
+      if (obj === null || typeof obj !== "object") return obj
+      if (Array.isArray(obj)) return obj.map(sanitizeMoonshot)
+      // Moonshot expands $ref before validation and rejects sibling keywords like description on the same node.
+      if ("$ref" in obj && typeof obj.$ref === "string") return { $ref: obj.$ref }
+      const result = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(obj).map(([key, value]) => [key, sanitizeMoonshot(value)]))
+      // MFJS does not support tuple-style `items` arrays; it requires one schema object for all array items.
+      if (Array.isArray(result.items)) result.items = result.items[0] ?? {}
+      return result
+    }
+
+    const sanitized = sanitizeMoonshot(schema)
+    if (typeof sanitized === "object" && sanitized !== null && !Array.isArray(sanitized)) {
+      schema = sanitized
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Convert integer enums to string enums for Google/Gemini
+  if (model.providerID === "google" || model.api.id.includes("gemini")) {
+    const isPlainObject = (node: unknown): node is Record<string, any> =>
+      typeof node === "object" && node !== null && !Array.isArray(node)
+    const hasCombiner = (node: unknown) =>
+      isPlainObject(node) && (Array.isArray(node.anyOf) || Array.isArray(node.oneOf) || Array.isArray(node.allOf))
+    const hasSchemaIntent = (node: unknown) => {
+      if (!isPlainObject(node)) return false
+      if (hasCombiner(node)) return true
+      return [
+        "type",
+        "properties",
+        "items",
+        "prefixItems",
+        "enum",
+        "const",
+        "$ref",
+        "additionalProperties",
+        "patternProperties",
+        "required",
+        "not",
+        "if",
+        "then",
+        "else",
+      ].some((key) => key in node)
+    }
+
+    const sanitizeGemini = (obj: any): any => {
+      if (obj === null || typeof obj !== "object") {
+        return obj
+      }
+
+      if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+        return obj.map(sanitizeGemini)
+      }
+
+      const result: any = {}
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(obj)) {
+        if (key === "enum" && Array.isArray(value)) {
+          // Convert all enum values to strings
+          result[key] = value.map((v) => String(v))
+          // If we have integer type with enum, change type to string
+          if (result.type === "integer" || result.type === "number") {
+            result.type = "string"
+          }
+        } else if (typeof value === "object" && value !== null) {
+          result[key] = sanitizeGemini(value)
+        } else {
+          result[key] = value
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Gemini requires a single `type`, not a JSON Schema type array such as
+      // `["number","string"]` (emitted by some MCP servers). Plain `@ai-sdk/google`
+      // rewrites these into an `anyOf` of single-type schemas, but OpenAI-compatible
+      // transports (e.g. GitHub Copilot proxying to Gemini) forward them verbatim
+      // and the backend rejects the array form. Mirror the SDK: split non-null
+      // types into `anyOf`, and lift `null` into `nullable`.
+      if (Array.isArray(result.type)) {
+        const hasNull = result.type.includes("null")
+        const nonNull = result.type.filter((entry: unknown) => entry !== "null")
+        if (nonNull.length === 0) {
+          result.type = "null"
+        } else {
+          delete result.type
+          result.anyOf = nonNull.map((entry: unknown) => ({ type: entry }))
+          if (hasNull) result.nullable = true
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Filter required array to only include fields that exist in properties
+      if (result.type === "object" && result.properties && Array.isArray(result.required)) {
+        result.required = result.required.filter((field: any) => field in result.properties)
+      }
+
+      if (result.type === "array" && !hasCombiner(result)) {
+        if (result.items == null) {
+          result.items = {}
+        }
+        // Ensure items has a type only when it's still schema-empty.
+        if (isPlainObject(result.items) && !hasSchemaIntent(result.items)) {
+          result.items.type = "string"
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Remove properties/required from non-object types (Gemini rejects these)
+      if (result.type && result.type !== "object" && !hasCombiner(result)) {
+        delete result.properties
+        delete result.required
+      }
+
+      return result
+    }
+
+    schema = sanitizeGemini(schema)
+  }
+
+  return schema
+}
+
+export * as ProviderTransform from "./transform"