appium 2.0.0-beta.3 → 2.0.0-beta.30

package/lib/appium.js

@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
+/* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */
 import _ from 'lodash';
-import log from './logger';
 import { getBuildInfo, updateBuildInfo, APPIUM_VER } from './config';
-import { findMatchingDriver } from './drivers';
-import { BaseDriver, errors, isSessionCommand } from 'appium-base-driver';
-import B from 'bluebird';
+import { BaseDriver, DriverCore, errors, isSessionCommand,
+         CREATE_SESSION_COMMAND, DELETE_SESSION_COMMAND, GET_STATUS_COMMAND
+} from '@appium/base-driver';
 import AsyncLock from 'async-lock';
 import { parseCapsForInnerDriver, pullSettings } from './utils';
-import { util } from 'appium-support';
-
-const desiredCapabilityConstraints = {
+import { util, node, logger } from '@appium/support';
+import { getDefaultsForExtension } from './schema';
+
+/**
+ * Invariant set of base constraints
+ * @type {Readonly<Constraints>}
+ */
+const desiredCapabilityConstraints = Object.freeze({
   automationName: {
     presence: true,
     isString: true,
@@ -17,44 +22,97 @@ const desiredCapabilityConstraints = {
     presence: true,
     isString: true,
   },
-};
+});
 
 const sessionsListGuard = new AsyncLock();
 const pendingDriversGuard = new AsyncLock();
 
-class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
-  constructor (args) {
+/**
+ * @implements {SessionHandler}
+ */
+class AppiumDriver extends DriverCore {
+  /**
+   * Access to sessions list must be guarded with a Semaphore, because
+   * it might be changed by other async calls at any time
+   * It is not recommended to access this property directly from the outside
+   * @type {Record<string,ExternalDriver>}
+   */
+  sessions = {};
+
+  /**
+   * Access to pending drivers list must be guarded with a Semaphore, because
+   * it might be changed by other async calls at any time
+   * It is not recommended to access this property directly from the outside
+   * @type {Record<string,ExternalDriver[]>}
+   */
+  pendingDrivers = {};
+
+  /**
+   * Note that {@linkcode AppiumDriver} has no `newCommandTimeout` method.
+   * `AppiumDriver` does not set and observe its own timeouts; individual
+   * sessions (managed drivers) do instead.
+   */
+  newCommandTimeoutMs = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * List of active plugins
+   * @type {PluginClass[]}
+   */
+  pluginClasses = [];
+
+  /**
+   * map of sessions to actual plugin instances per session
+   * @type {Record<string,InstanceType<PluginClass>[]>}
+   */
+  sessionPlugins = {};
+
+  /**
+   * some commands are sessionless, so we need a set of plugins for them
+   * @type {InstanceType<PluginClass>[]}
+   */
+  sessionlessPlugins = [];;
+
+  /** @type {DriverConfig} */
+  driverConfig;
+
+  /** @type {AppiumServer} */
+  server;
+
+  /**
+   * @param {DriverOpts} opts
+   */
+  constructor (opts) {
     // It is necessary to set `--tmp` here since it should be set to
     // process.env.APPIUM_TMP_DIR once at an initial point in the Appium lifecycle.
     // The process argument will be referenced by BaseDriver.
-    // Please call appium-support.tempDir module to apply this benefit.
-    if (args.tmpDir) {
-      process.env.APPIUM_TMP_DIR = args.tmpDir;
+    // Please call @appium/support.tempDir module to apply this benefit.
+    if (opts.tmpDir) {
+      process.env.APPIUM_TMP_DIR = opts.tmpDir;
     }
 
-    super(args);
+    super(opts);
 
     this.desiredCapConstraints = desiredCapabilityConstraints;
 
-    // the main Appium Driver has no new command timeout
-    this.newCommandTimeoutMs = 0;
-
-    this.args = Object.assign({}, args);
-
-    // Access to sessions list must be guarded with a Semaphore, because
-    // it might be changed by other async calls at any time
-    // It is not recommended to access this property directly from the outside
-    this.sessions = {};
-
-    // Access to pending drivers list must be guarded with a Semaphore, because
-    // it might be changed by other async calls at any time
-    // It is not recommended to access this property directly from the outside
-    this.pendingDrivers = {};
-
-    this.plugins = [];
+    this.args = {...opts};
 
     // allow this to happen in the background, so no `await`
-    updateBuildInfo();
+    // catch this to avoid an unhandled rejection
+    // eslint-disable-next-line promise/prefer-await-to-then,promise/prefer-await-to-callbacks
+    updateBuildInfo().catch((err) => {
+      this.log.debug(err);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves logger instance for the current umbrella driver instance
+   */
+  get log () {
+    if (!this._log) {
+      const instanceName = `${this.constructor.name}@${node.getObjectId(this).substring(0, 4)}`;
+      this._log = logger.getLogger(instanceName);
+    }
+    return this._log;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -79,47 +137,72 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
     };
   }
 
-  async getSessions () {
-    const sessions = await sessionsListGuard.acquire(AppiumDriver.name, () => this.sessions);
-    return _.toPairs(sessions)
+  async getSessions () { // eslint-disable-line require-await
+    return _.toPairs(this.sessions)
       .map(([id, driver]) => ({id, capabilities: driver.caps}));
   }
 
-  printNewSessionAnnouncement (driverName, driverVersion) {
-    const introString = driverVersion
+  printNewSessionAnnouncement (driverName, driverVersion, driverBaseVersion) {
+    this.log.info(driverVersion
       ? `Appium v${APPIUM_VER} creating new ${driverName} (v${driverVersion}) session`
-      : `Appium v${APPIUM_VER} creating new ${driverName} session`;
-    log.info(introString);
+      : `Appium v${APPIUM_VER} creating new ${driverName} session`
+    );
+    this.log.info(`Checking BaseDriver versions for Appium and ${driverName}`);
+    this.log.info(AppiumDriver.baseVersion
+      ? `Appium's BaseDriver version is ${AppiumDriver.baseVersion}`
+      : `Could not determine Appium's BaseDriver version`
+    );
+    this.log.info(driverBaseVersion
+      ? `${driverName}'s BaseDriver version is ${driverBaseVersion}`
+      : `Could not determine ${driverName}'s BaseDriver version`
+    );
   }
 
   /**
-   * This is just an alias for driver.js's method, which is necessary for
-   * mocking in the test suite
+   * Validate and assign CLI args for a driver or plugin
+   *
+   * If the extension has provided a schema, validation has already happened.
+   *
+   * Any arg which is equal to its default value will not be assigned to the extension.
+   * @param {ExtensionType} extType 'driver' or 'plugin'
+   * @param {string} extName the name of the extension
+   * @param {Object} extInstance the driver or plugin instance
    */
-  _findMatchingDriver (...args) {
-    return findMatchingDriver(...args);
+  assignCliArgsToExtension (extType, extName, extInstance) {
+    const allCliArgsForExt = /** @type {Record<string,unknown>|undefined} */(this.args[extType]?.[extName]);
+    if (!_.isEmpty(allCliArgsForExt)) {
+      const defaults = getDefaultsForExtension(extType, extName);
+      const cliArgs = _.isEmpty(defaults)
+        ? allCliArgsForExt
+        : _.omitBy(allCliArgsForExt, (value, key) => _.isEqual(defaults[key], value));
+      if (!_.isEmpty(cliArgs)) {
+        extInstance.cliArgs = cliArgs;
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   /**
    * Create a new session
-   * @param {Object} jsonwpCaps JSONWP formatted desired capabilities
-   * @param {Object} reqCaps Required capabilities (JSONWP standard)
-   * @param {Object} w3cCapabilities W3C capabilities
-   * @return {Array} Unique session ID and capabilities
+   * @param {W3CCapabilities} jsonwpCaps JSONWP formatted desired capabilities
+   * @param {W3CCapabilities} reqCaps Required capabilities (JSONWP standard)
+   * @param {W3CCapabilities} w3cCapabilities W3C capabilities
+   * @param {import('@appium/types').DriverData[]} [driverData]
    */
-  async createSession (jsonwpCaps, reqCaps, w3cCapabilities) {
+  async createSession (jsonwpCaps, reqCaps, w3cCapabilities, driverData) {
     const defaultCapabilities = _.cloneDeep(this.args.defaultCapabilities);
     const defaultSettings = pullSettings(defaultCapabilities);
     jsonwpCaps = _.cloneDeep(jsonwpCaps);
-    const jwpSettings = Object.assign({}, defaultSettings, pullSettings(jsonwpCaps));
+    const jwpSettings = {...defaultSettings, ...pullSettings(jsonwpCaps)};
     w3cCapabilities = _.cloneDeep(w3cCapabilities);
     // It is possible that the client only provides caps using JSONWP standard,
     // although firstMatch/alwaysMatch properties are still present.
     // In such case we assume the client understands W3C protocol and merge the given
     // JSONWP caps to W3C caps
-    const w3cSettings = Object.assign({}, jwpSettings);
-    Object.assign(w3cSettings, pullSettings((w3cCapabilities || {}).alwaysMatch || {}));
-    for (const firstMatchEntry of ((w3cCapabilities || {}).firstMatch || [])) {
+    const w3cSettings = {
+      ...jwpSettings,
+      ...pullSettings((w3cCapabilities ?? {}).alwaysMatch ?? {})
+    };
+    for (const firstMatchEntry of ((w3cCapabilities ?? {}).firstMatch ?? [])) {
       Object.assign(w3cSettings, pullSettings(firstMatchEntry));
     }
 
@@ -134,9 +217,9 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
         defaultCapabilities
       );
 
-      const {desiredCaps, processedJsonwpCapabilities, processedW3CCapabilities, error} = parsedCaps;
+      const {desiredCaps, processedJsonwpCapabilities, processedW3CCapabilities} = /** @type {import('./utils').ParsedDriverCaps} */(parsedCaps);
       protocol = parsedCaps.protocol;
-
+      const error = /** @type {import('./utils').InvalidCaps} */(parsedCaps).error;
       // If the parsing of the caps produced an error, throw it in here
       if (error) {
         throw error;
@@ -144,87 +227,101 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
 
       const {
         driver: InnerDriver,
-        version: driverVersion
-      } = this._findMatchingDriver(this.driverConfig, desiredCaps);
-      this.printNewSessionAnnouncement(InnerDriver.name, driverVersion);
+        version: driverVersion,
+        driverName
+      } = this.driverConfig.findMatchingDriver(desiredCaps);
+      this.printNewSessionAnnouncement(InnerDriver.name, driverVersion, InnerDriver.baseVersion);
 
       if (this.args.sessionOverride) {
         await this.deleteAllSessions();
       }
 
-      let runningDriversData, otherPendingDriversData;
-      const d = new InnerDriver(this.args);
+      /**
+       * @type {DriverData[]}
+       */
+      let runningDriversData = [];
+      /**
+       * @type {DriverData[]}
+       */
+      let otherPendingDriversData = [];
+
+      const driverInstance = new InnerDriver(this.args, true);
 
       // We want to assign security values directly on the driver. The driver
       // should not read security values from `this.opts` because those values
       // could have been set by a malicious user via capabilities, whereas we
       // want a guarantee the values were set by the appium server admin
       if (this.args.relaxedSecurityEnabled) {
-        log.info(`Applying relaxed security to '${InnerDriver.name}' as per ` +
-                 `server command line argument. All insecure features will be ` +
-                 `enabled unless explicitly disabled by --deny-insecure`);
-        d.relaxedSecurityEnabled = true;
+        this.log.info(`Applying relaxed security to '${InnerDriver.name}' as per ` +
+          `server command line argument. All insecure features will be ` +
+          `enabled unless explicitly disabled by --deny-insecure`);
+        driverInstance.relaxedSecurityEnabled = true;
       }
 
       if (!_.isEmpty(this.args.denyInsecure)) {
-        log.info('Explicitly preventing use of insecure features:');
-        this.args.denyInsecure.map((a) => log.info(`    ${a}`));
-        d.denyInsecure = this.args.denyInsecure;
+        this.log.info('Explicitly preventing use of insecure features:');
+        this.args.denyInsecure.map((a) => this.log.info(`    ${a}`));
+        driverInstance.denyInsecure = this.args.denyInsecure;
       }
 
       if (!_.isEmpty(this.args.allowInsecure)) {
-        log.info('Explicitly enabling use of insecure features:');
-        this.args.allowInsecure.map((a) => log.info(`    ${a}`));
-        d.allowInsecure = this.args.allowInsecure;
+        this.log.info('Explicitly enabling use of insecure features:');
+        this.args.allowInsecure.map((a) => this.log.info(`    ${a}`));
+        driverInstance.allowInsecure = this.args.allowInsecure;
       }
 
+      // Likewise, any driver-specific CLI args that were passed in should be assigned directly to
+      // the driver so that they cannot be mimicked by a malicious user sending in capabilities
+      this.assignCliArgsToExtension('driver', driverName, driverInstance);
+
+
       // This assignment is required for correct web sockets functionality inside the driver
-      d.server = this.server;
+      // Drivers/plugins might also want to know where they are hosted
+      driverInstance.assignServer(this.server, this.args.address, this.args.port, this.args.basePath);
+
       try {
-        runningDriversData = await this.curSessionDataForDriver(InnerDriver);
+        runningDriversData = await this.curSessionDataForDriver(InnerDriver) ?? [];
       } catch (e) {
         throw new errors.SessionNotCreatedError(e.message);
       }
       await pendingDriversGuard.acquire(AppiumDriver.name, () => {
         this.pendingDrivers[InnerDriver.name] = this.pendingDrivers[InnerDriver.name] || [];
-        otherPendingDriversData = this.pendingDrivers[InnerDriver.name].map((drv) => drv.driverData);
-        this.pendingDrivers[InnerDriver.name].push(d);
+        otherPendingDriversData = _.compact(this.pendingDrivers[InnerDriver.name].map((drv) => drv.driverData));
+        this.pendingDrivers[InnerDriver.name].push(driverInstance);
       });
 
       try {
-        [innerSessionId, dCaps] = await d.createSession(
+        [innerSessionId, dCaps] = await driverInstance.createSession(
           processedJsonwpCapabilities,
           reqCaps,
           processedW3CCapabilities,
           [...runningDriversData, ...otherPendingDriversData]
         );
-        protocol = d.protocol;
-        await sessionsListGuard.acquire(AppiumDriver.name, () => {
-          this.sessions[innerSessionId] = d;
-        });
+        protocol = driverInstance.protocol;
+        this.sessions[innerSessionId] = driverInstance;
       } finally {
         await pendingDriversGuard.acquire(AppiumDriver.name, () => {
-          _.pull(this.pendingDrivers[InnerDriver.name], d);
+          _.pull(this.pendingDrivers[InnerDriver.name], driverInstance);
         });
       }
 
-      this.attachUnexpectedShutdownHandler(d, innerSessionId);
+      this.attachUnexpectedShutdownHandler(driverInstance, innerSessionId);
 
-      log.info(`New ${InnerDriver.name} session created successfully, session ` +
-              `${innerSessionId} added to master session list`);
+      this.log.info(`New ${InnerDriver.name} session created successfully, session ` +
+        `${innerSessionId} added to master session list`);
 
       // set the New Command Timeout for the inner driver
-      d.startNewCommandTimeout();
+      driverInstance.startNewCommandTimeout();
 
       // apply initial values to Appium settings (if provided)
-      if (d.isW3CProtocol() && !_.isEmpty(w3cSettings)) {
-        log.info(`Applying the initial values to Appium settings parsed from W3C caps: ` +
+      if (driverInstance.isW3CProtocol() && !_.isEmpty(w3cSettings)) {
+        this.log.info(`Applying the initial values to Appium settings parsed from W3C caps: ` +
           JSON.stringify(w3cSettings));
-        await d.updateSettings(w3cSettings);
-      } else if (d.isMjsonwpProtocol() && !_.isEmpty(jwpSettings)) {
-        log.info(`Applying the initial values to Appium settings parsed from MJSONWP caps: ` +
+        await driverInstance.updateSettings(w3cSettings);
+      } else if (driverInstance.isMjsonwpProtocol() && !_.isEmpty(jwpSettings)) {
+        this.log.info(`Applying the initial values to Appium settings parsed from MJSONWP caps: ` +
           JSON.stringify(jwpSettings));
-        await d.updateSettings(jwpSettings);
+        await driverInstance.updateSettings(jwpSettings);
       }
     } catch (error) {
       return {
@@ -240,60 +337,63 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
   }
 
   attachUnexpectedShutdownHandler (driver, innerSessionId) {
-    const removeSessionFromMasterList = (cause = new Error('Unknown error')) => {
-      log.warn(`Closing session, cause was '${cause.message}'`);
-      log.info(`Removing session '${innerSessionId}' from our master session list`);
+    const onShutdown = (cause = new Error('Unknown error')) => {
+      this.log.warn(`Ending session, cause was '${cause.message}'`);
+
+      if (this.sessionPlugins[innerSessionId]) {
+        for (const plugin of this.sessionPlugins[innerSessionId]) {
+          if (_.isFunction(plugin.onUnexpectedShutdown)) {
+            this.log.debug(`Plugin ${plugin.name} defines an unexpected shutdown handler; calling it now`);
+            try {
+              plugin.onUnexpectedShutdown(driver, cause);
+            } catch (e) {
+              this.log.warn(`Got an error when running plugin ${plugin.name} shutdown handler: ${e}`);
+            }
+          } else {
+            this.log.debug(`Plugin ${plugin.name} does not define an unexpected shutdown handler`);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      this.log.info(`Removing session '${innerSessionId}' from our master session list`);
       delete this.sessions[innerSessionId];
+      delete this.sessionPlugins[innerSessionId];
     };
 
-    // eslint-disable-next-line promise/prefer-await-to-then
-    if (_.isFunction((driver.onUnexpectedShutdown || {}).then)) {
-      // TODO: Remove this block after all the drivers use base driver above v 5.0.0
-      // Remove the session on unexpected shutdown, so that we are in a position
-      // to open another session later on.
-      driver.onUnexpectedShutdown
-        // eslint-disable-next-line promise/prefer-await-to-then
-        .then(() => {
-          // if we get here, we've had an unexpected shutdown, so error
-          throw new Error('Unexpected shutdown');
-        })
-        .catch((e) => {
-          // if we cancelled the unexpected shutdown promise, that means we
-          // no longer care about it, and can safely ignore it
-          if (!(e instanceof B.CancellationError)) {
-            removeSessionFromMasterList(e);
-          }
-        }); // this is a cancellable promise
-    } else if (_.isFunction(driver.onUnexpectedShutdown)) {
-      // since base driver v 5.0.0
-      driver.onUnexpectedShutdown(removeSessionFromMasterList);
+    if (_.isFunction(driver.onUnexpectedShutdown)) {
+      driver.onUnexpectedShutdown(onShutdown);
     } else {
-      log.warn(`Failed to attach the unexpected shutdown listener. ` +
+      this.log.warn(`Failed to attach the unexpected shutdown listener. ` +
         `Is 'onUnexpectedShutdown' method available for '${driver.constructor.name}'?`);
     }
   }
 
-  async curSessionDataForDriver (InnerDriver) {
-    const sessions = await sessionsListGuard.acquire(AppiumDriver.name, () => this.sessions);
-    const data = _.values(sessions)
-                   .filter((s) => s.constructor.name === InnerDriver.name)
-                   .map((s) => s.driverData);
-    for (let datum of data) {
+  /**
+   *
+   * @param {import('../types/extension').DriverClass} InnerDriver
+   * @returns {Promise<DriverData[]>}}
+   */
+  async curSessionDataForDriver (InnerDriver) { // eslint-disable-line require-await
+    const data = _.compact(_.values(this.sessions)
+      .filter((s) => s.constructor.name === InnerDriver.name)
+      .map((s) => s.driverData));
+    for (const datum of data) {
       if (!datum) {
         throw new Error(`Problem getting session data for driver type ` +
-                        `${InnerDriver.name}; does it implement 'get ` +
-                        `driverData'?`);
+          `${InnerDriver.name}; does it implement 'get driverData'?`);
       }
     }
     return data;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @param {string} sessionId
+   */
   async deleteSession (sessionId) {
     let protocol;
     try {
-      let otherSessionsData = null;
-      let dstSession = null;
-      await sessionsListGuard.acquire(AppiumDriver.name, () => {
+      let otherSessionsData;
+      const dstSession = await sessionsListGuard.acquire(AppiumDriver.name, () => {
         if (!this.sessions[sessionId]) {
           return;
         }
@@ -301,20 +401,27 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
         otherSessionsData = _.toPairs(this.sessions)
               .filter(([key, value]) => value.constructor.name === curConstructorName && key !== sessionId)
               .map(([, value]) => value.driverData);
-        dstSession = this.sessions[sessionId];
+        const dstSession = this.sessions[sessionId];
         protocol = dstSession.protocol;
-        log.info(`Removing session ${sessionId} from our master session list`);
+        this.log.info(`Removing session ${sessionId} from our master session list`);
         // regardless of whether the deleteSession completes successfully or not
         // make the session unavailable, because who knows what state it might
         // be in otherwise
         delete this.sessions[sessionId];
+        delete this.sessionPlugins[sessionId];
+        return dstSession;
       });
+      // this may not be correct, but if `dstSession` was falsy, the call to `deleteSession()` would
+      // throw anyway.
+      if (!dstSession) {
+        throw new Error('Session not found');
+      }
       return {
         protocol,
         value: await dstSession.deleteSession(sessionId, otherSessionsData),
       };
     } catch (e) {
-      log.error(`Had trouble ending session ${sessionId}: ${e.message}`);
+      this.log.error(`Had trouble ending session ${sessionId}: ${e.message}`);
       return {
         protocol,
         error: e,
@@ -325,7 +432,7 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
   async deleteAllSessions (opts = {}) {
     const sessionsCount = _.size(this.sessions);
     if (0 === sessionsCount) {
-      log.debug('There are no active sessions for cleanup');
+      this.log.debug('There are no active sessions for cleanup');
       return;
     }
 
@@ -333,7 +440,7 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
       force = false,
       reason,
     } = opts;
-    log.debug(`Cleaning up ${util.pluralize('active session', sessionsCount, true)}`);
+    this.log.debug(`Cleaning up ${util.pluralize('active session', sessionsCount, true)}`);
     const cleanupPromises = force
       ? _.values(this.sessions).map((drv) => drv.startUnexpectedShutdown(reason && new Error(reason)))
       : _.keys(this.sessions).map((id) => this.deleteSession(id));
@@ -341,18 +448,63 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
       try {
         await cleanupPromise;
       } catch (e) {
-        log.debug(e);
+        this.log.debug(e);
       }
     }
   }
 
-  pluginsToHandleCmd (cmd) {
-    return this.plugins.filter((p) =>
-      p.commands === true ||
-      (_.isArray(p.commands) && _.includes(p.commands, cmd))
-    );
+  /**
+   * Get the appropriate plugins for a session (or sessionless plugins)
+   *
+   * @param {?string} sessionId - the sessionId (or null) to use to find plugins
+   * @returns {Array} - array of plugin instances
+   */
+  pluginsForSession (sessionId = null) {
+    if (sessionId) {
+      if (!this.sessionPlugins[sessionId]) {
+        this.sessionPlugins[sessionId] = this.createPluginInstances();
+      }
+      return this.sessionPlugins[sessionId];
+    }
+
+    if (_.isEmpty(this.sessionlessPlugins)) {
+      this.sessionlessPlugins = this.createPluginInstances();
+    }
+    return this.sessionlessPlugins;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * To get plugins for a command, we either get the plugin instances associated with the
+   * particular command's session, or in the case of sessionless plugins, pull from the set of
+   * plugin instances reserved for sessionless commands (and we lazily create plugin instances on
+   * first use)
+   *
+   * @param {string} cmd - the name of the command to find a plugin to handle
+   * @param {?string} sessionId - the particular session for which to find a plugin, or null if
+   * sessionless
+   */
+  pluginsToHandleCmd (cmd, sessionId = null) {
+    // to handle a given command, a plugin should either implement that command as a plugin
+    // instance method or it should implement a generic 'handle' method
+    return this.pluginsForSession(sessionId)
+      .filter((p) => _.isFunction(p[cmd]) || _.isFunction(p.handle));
+  }
+
+  createPluginInstances () {
+    return this.pluginClasses.map((PluginClass) => {
+      const name = PluginClass.pluginName;
+      const plugin = new PluginClass(name);
+      this.assignCliArgsToExtension('plugin', name, plugin);
+      return plugin;
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @param {string} cmd
+   * @param  {...any} args
+   * @returns {Promise<{value: any, error?: Error, protocol: string} | import('type-fest').AsyncReturnType<import('@appium/types').Driver['executeCommand']>>}
+   */
   async executeCommand (cmd, ...args) {
     // We have basically three cases for how to handle commands:
     // 1. handle getStatus (we do this as a special out of band case so it doesn't get added to an
@@ -363,28 +515,42 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
     // The tricky part is that because we support command plugins, we need to wrap any of these
     // cases with plugin handling.
 
-    const isGetStatus = cmd === 'getStatus';
-    const isUmbrellaCmd = !isGetStatus && isAppiumDriverCommand(cmd);
-    const isSessionCmd = !isGetStatus && !isUmbrellaCmd;
+    const isGetStatus = cmd === GET_STATUS_COMMAND;
+    const isUmbrellaCmd = isAppiumDriverCommand(cmd);
+    const isSessionCmd = isSessionCommand(cmd);
+
+    // if a plugin override proxying for this command and that is why we are here instead of just
+    // letting the protocol proxy the command entirely, determine that, get the request object for
+    // use later on, then clean up the args
+    const reqForProxy = _.last(args)?.reqForProxy;
+    if (reqForProxy) {
+      args.pop();
+    }
 
-    // get any plugins which are registered as handling this command
-    const plugins = this.pluginsToHandleCmd(cmd);
 
     // first do some error checking. If we're requesting a session command execution, then make
     // sure that session actually exists on the session driver, and set the session driver itself
     let sessionId = null;
     let dstSession = null;
     let protocol = null;
+    /** @type {this | ExternalDriver} */
+    let driver = this;
     if (isSessionCmd) {
       sessionId = _.last(args);
-      dstSession = await sessionsListGuard.acquire(AppiumDriver.name, () => this.sessions[sessionId]);
+      dstSession = this.sessions[sessionId];
       if (!dstSession) {
         throw new Error(`The session with id '${sessionId}' does not exist`);
       }
       // now save the response protocol given that the session driver's protocol might differ
       protocol = dstSession.protocol;
+      if (!isUmbrellaCmd) {
+        driver = dstSession;
+      }
     }
 
+    // get any plugins which are registered as handling this command
+    const plugins = this.pluginsToHandleCmd(cmd, sessionId);
+
     // now we define a 'cmdHandledBy' object which will keep track of which plugins have handled this
     // command. we care about this because (a) multiple plugins can handle the same command, and
     // (b) there's no guarantee that a plugin will actually call the next() method which runs the
@@ -401,11 +567,23 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
       // if we're running with plugins, make sure we log that the default behavior is actually
       // happening so we can tell when the plugin call chain is unwrapping to the default behavior
       // if that's what happens
-      plugins.length && log.info(`Executing default handling behavior for command '${cmd}'`);
+      plugins.length && this.log.info(`Executing default handling behavior for command '${cmd}'`);
 
       // if we make it here, we know that the default behavior is handled
       cmdHandledBy.default = true;
 
+      if (reqForProxy) {
+        // we would have proxied this command had a plugin not handled it, so the default behavior
+        // is to do the proxy and retrieve the result internally so it can be passed to the plugin
+        // in case it calls 'await next()'. This requires that the driver have defined
+        // 'proxyCommand' and not just 'proxyReqRes'.
+        if (!dstSession.proxyCommand) {
+          throw new NoDriverProxyCommandError();
+        }
+        return await dstSession.proxyCommand(reqForProxy.originalUrl, reqForProxy.method,
+          reqForProxy.body);
+      }
+
       if (isGetStatus) {
         return await this.getStatus();
       }
@@ -413,7 +591,7 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
       if (isUmbrellaCmd) {
         // some commands, like deleteSession, we want to make sure to handle on *this* driver,
         // not the platform driver
-        return await super.executeCommand(cmd, ...args);
+        return await BaseDriver.prototype.executeCommand.call(this, cmd, ...args);
       }
 
       // here we know that we are executing a session command, and have a valid session driver
@@ -421,18 +599,31 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
     };
 
     // now take our default behavior, wrap it with any number of plugin behaviors, and run it
-    const wrappedCmd = this.wrapCommandWithPlugins({cmd, args, plugins, cmdHandledBy, next: defaultBehavior});
+    const wrappedCmd = this.wrapCommandWithPlugins({
+      driver, cmd, args, plugins, cmdHandledBy, next: defaultBehavior
+    });
     const res = await this.executeWrappedCommand({wrappedCmd, protocol});
 
     // if we had plugins, make sure to log out the helpful report about which plugins ended up
     // handling the command and which didn't
-    plugins.length && this.logPluginHandlerReport({cmd, cmdHandledBy});
+    this.logPluginHandlerReport(plugins, {cmd, cmdHandledBy});
+
+    // And finally, if the command was createSession, we want to migrate any plugins which were
+    // previously sessionless to use the new sessionId, so that plugins can share state between
+    // their createSession method and other instance methods
+    if (cmd === CREATE_SESSION_COMMAND && this.sessionlessPlugins.length && !res.error) {
+      const sessionId = _.first(res.value);
+      this.log.info(`Promoting ${this.sessionlessPlugins.length} sessionless plugins to be attached ` +
+        `to session ID ${sessionId}`);
+      this.sessionPlugins[sessionId] = this.sessionlessPlugins;
+      this.sessionlessPlugins = [];
+    }
 
     return res;
   }
 
-  wrapCommandWithPlugins ({cmd, args, next, cmdHandledBy, plugins}) {
-    plugins.length && log.info(`Plugins which can handle cmd '${cmd}': ${plugins.map((p) => p.name)}`);
+  wrapCommandWithPlugins ({driver, cmd, args, next, cmdHandledBy, plugins}) {
+    plugins.length && this.log.info(`Plugins which can handle cmd '${cmd}': ${plugins.map((p) => p.name)}`);
 
     // now we can go through each plugin and wrap `next` around its own handler, passing the *old*
     // next in so that it can call it if it wants to
@@ -442,16 +633,25 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
       // evaluated, otherwise we end up with infinite recursion of the last `next` to be defined.
       cmdHandledBy[plugin.name] = false; // we see a new plugin, so add it to the 'cmdHandledBy' object
       next = ((_next) => async () => {
-        log.info(`Plugin ${plugin.name} is now handling cmd '${cmd}'`);
+        this.log.info(`Plugin ${plugin.name} is now handling cmd '${cmd}'`);
         cmdHandledBy[plugin.name] = true; // if we make it here, this plugin has attempted to handle cmd
-        return await plugin.handle(_next, this, cmd, ...args);
+        // first attempt to handle the command via a command-specific handler on the plugin
+        if (plugin[cmd]) {
+          return await plugin[cmd](_next, driver, ...args);
+        }
+        // otherwise, call the generic 'handle' method
+        return await plugin.handle(_next, driver, cmd, ...args);
       })(next);
     }
 
     return next;
   }
 
-  logPluginHandlerReport ({cmd, cmdHandledBy}) {
+  logPluginHandlerReport (plugins, {cmd, cmdHandledBy}) {
+    if (!plugins.length) {
+      return;
+    }
+
     // at the end of the day, we have an object representing which plugins ended up getting
     // their code run as part of handling this command. Because plugins can choose *not* to
     // pass control to other plugins or to the default driver behavior, this is information
@@ -461,9 +661,9 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
     const didHandle = Object.keys(cmdHandledBy).filter((k) => cmdHandledBy[k]);
     const didntHandle = Object.keys(cmdHandledBy).filter((k) => !cmdHandledBy[k]);
     if (didntHandle.length > 0) {
-      log.info(`Command '${cmd}' was not handled by the following beahviors or plugins, even ` +
-               `though they were registered to handle it: ${JSON.stringify(didntHandle)}. The ` +
-               `command *was* handled by these: ${JSON.stringify(didHandle)}.`);
+      this.log.info(`Command '${cmd}' was *not* handled by the following behaviours or plugins, even ` +
+        `though they were registered to handle it: ${JSON.stringify(didntHandle)}. The ` +
+        `command *was* handled by these: ${JSON.stringify(didHandle)}.`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -491,7 +691,6 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
     return res;
   }
 
-
   proxyActive (sessionId) {
     const dstSession = this.sessions[sessionId];
     return dstSession && _.isFunction(dstSession.proxyActive) && dstSession.proxyActive(sessionId);
@@ -511,7 +710,51 @@ class AppiumDriver extends BaseDriver {
 // help decide which commands should be proxied to sub-drivers and which
 // should be handled by this, our umbrella driver
 function isAppiumDriverCommand (cmd) {
-  return !isSessionCommand(cmd) || cmd === 'deleteSession';
+  return !isSessionCommand(cmd) || cmd === DELETE_SESSION_COMMAND;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when Appium tried to proxy a command using a driver's `proxyCommand` method but the
+ * method did not exist
+ */
+export class NoDriverProxyCommandError extends Error {
+  /**
+   * @type {Readonly<string>}
+   */
+  code = 'APPIUMERR_NO_DRIVER_PROXYCOMMAND';
+
+  constructor () {
+    super(`The default behavior for this command was to proxy, but the driver ` +
+          `did not have the 'proxyCommand' method defined. To fully support ` +
+          `plugins, drivers should have 'proxyCommand' set to a jwpProxy object's ` +
+          `'command()' method, in addition to the normal 'proxyReqRes'`);
+  }
 }
 
 export { AppiumDriver };
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {import('@appium/types').ExternalDriver} ExternalDriver
+ * @typedef {import('@appium/types').W3CCapabilities} W3CCapabilities
+ * @typedef {import('@appium/types').DriverData} DriverData
+ * @typedef {import('@appium/types').DriverOpts} DriverOpts
+ * @typedef {import('@appium/types').Constraints} Constraints
+ * @typedef {import('@appium/types').AppiumServer} AppiumServer
+ * @typedef {import('../types').ExtensionType} ExtensionType
+ * @typedef {import('../types/extension').PluginClass} PluginClass
+ * @typedef {import('./extension/driver-config').DriverConfig} DriverConfig
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Used by {@linkcode AppiumDriver.createSession} and {@linkcode AppiumDriver.deleteSession} to describe
+ * result.
+ * @template V
+ * @typedef SessionHandlerResult
+ * @property {V} [value]
+ * @property {Error} [error]
+ * @property {string} [protocol]
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {import('@appium/types').SessionHandler<SessionHandlerResult<any[]>,SessionHandlerResult<void>>} SessionHandler
+ */