appium-xcuitest-driver 10.2.2 → 10.4.0

package/lib/commands/web.js

@@ -54,949 +54,900 @@ const TAB_BAR_POSSITIONS = [TAB_BAR_POSITION_TOP, TAB_BAR_POSITION_BOTTOM];
 
 /**
  * @this {XCUITestDriver}
- * @param {any} atomsElement
- * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+ * @group Mobile Web Only
+ * @param {number|string|null} frame
+ * @returns {Promise<void>}
  */
-async function tapWebElementNatively(atomsElement) {
-  // try to get the text of the element, which will be accessible in the
-  // native context
-  try {
-    const [text1, text2] = await B.all([
-      this.executeAtom('get_text', [atomsElement]),
-      this.executeAtom('get_attribute_value', [atomsElement, 'value'])
-    ]);
-    const text = text1 || text2;
-    if (!text) {
-      return false;
-    }
+export async function setFrame(frame) {
+  if (!this.isWebContext()) {
+    throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
+  }
 
-    const els = await this.findNativeElementOrElements('accessibility id', text, true);
-    if (![1, 2].includes(els.length)) {
-      return false;
+  if (_.isNull(frame)) {
+    this.curWebFrames = [];
+    this.log.debug('Leaving web frame and going back to default content');
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (hasElementId(frame)) {
+    const atomsElement = this.getAtomsElement(frame);
+    const value = await this.executeAtom('get_frame_window', [atomsElement]);
+    this.log.debug(`Entering new web frame: '${value.WINDOW}'`);
+    this.curWebFrames.unshift(value.WINDOW);
+  } else {
+    const atom = _.isNumber(frame) ? 'frame_by_index' : 'frame_by_id_or_name';
+    const value = await this.executeAtom(atom, [frame]);
+    if (_.isNull(value) || _.isUndefined(value.WINDOW)) {
+      throw new errors.NoSuchFrameError();
     }
+    this.log.debug(`Entering new web frame: '${value.WINDOW}'`);
+    this.curWebFrames.unshift(value.WINDOW);
+  }
+}
 
-    const el = els[0];
-    // use tap because on iOS 11.2 and below `nativeClick` crashes WDA
-    const rect = /** @type {import('@appium/types').Rect} */ (await this.proxyCommand(
-      `/element/${util.unwrapElement(el)}/rect`, 'GET'
-    ));
-    if (els.length > 1) {
-      const el2 = els[1];
-      const rect2 = /** @type {import('@appium/types').Rect} */ (await this.proxyCommand(
-        `/element/${util.unwrapElement(el2)}/rect`, 'GET',
-      ));
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @group Mobile Web Only
+ */
+export async function getCssProperty(propertyName, el) {
+  if (!this.isWebContext()) {
+    throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
+  }
 
-      if (
-        rect.x !== rect2.x || rect.y !== rect2.y
-        || rect.width !== rect2.width || rect.height !== rect2.height
-      ) {
-        // These 2 native elements are not referring to the same web element
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    await this.mobileTap(rect.x + rect.width / 2, rect.y + rect.height / 2);
-    return true;
-  } catch (err) {
-    // any failure should fall through and trigger the more elaborate
-    // method of clicking
-    this.log.warn(`Error attempting to click: ${err.message}`);
+  const atomsElement = this.getAtomsElement(el);
+  return await this.executeAtom('get_value_of_css_property', [atomsElement, propertyName]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Submit the form an element is in
+ *
+ * @param {string|Element} el - the element ID
+ * @group Mobile Web Only
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ */
+export async function submit(el) {
+  if (!this.isWebContext()) {
+    throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
   }
-  return false;
+
+  const atomsElement = this.getAtomsElement(el);
+  await this.executeAtom('submit', [atomsElement]);
 }
 
 /**
- * @param {any} id
- * @returns {boolean}
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @group Mobile Web Only
  */
-function isValidElementIdentifier(id) {
-  if (!_.isString(id) && !_.isNumber(id)) {
-    return false;
+export async function refresh() {
+  if (!this.isWebContext()) {
+    throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
   }
-  if (_.isString(id) && _.isEmpty(id)) {
-    return false;
+
+  await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).execute('window.location.reload()');
+}
+
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @group Mobile Web Only
+ */
+export async function getUrl() {
+  if (!this.isWebContext()) {
+    throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
   }
-  if (_.isNumber(id) && isNaN(id)) {
-    return false;
+
+  return await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).execute('window.location.href');
+}
+
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @group Mobile Web Only
+ */
+export async function title() {
+  if (!this.isWebContext()) {
+    throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
   }
-  return true;
+
+  return await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).execute('window.document.title');
 }
 
-const commands = {
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @group Mobile Web Only
-   */
-  async setFrame(frame) {
-    if (!this.isWebContext()) {
-      throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
-    }
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @group Mobile Web Only
+ */
+export async function getCookies() {
+  if (!this.isWebContext()) {
+    throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
+  }
 
-    if (_.isNull(frame)) {
-      this.curWebFrames = [];
-      this.log.debug('Leaving web frame and going back to default content');
-      return;
-    }
+  // get the cookies from the remote debugger, or an empty object
+  const {cookies} = await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).getCookies();
 
-    if (helpers.hasElementId(frame)) {
-      const atomsElement = this.getAtomsElement(frame);
-      const value = await this.executeAtom('get_frame_window', [atomsElement]);
-      this.log.debug(`Entering new web frame: '${value.WINDOW}'`);
-      this.curWebFrames.unshift(value.WINDOW);
-    } else {
-      const atom = _.isNumber(frame) ? 'frame_by_index' : 'frame_by_id_or_name';
-      const value = await this.executeAtom(atom, [frame]);
-      if (_.isNull(value) || _.isUndefined(value.WINDOW)) {
-        throw new errors.NoSuchFrameError();
+  // the value is URI encoded, so decode it safely
+  return cookies.map((cookie) => {
+    if (!_.isEmpty(cookie.value)) {
+      try {
+        cookie.value = decodeURI(cookie.value);
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.log.debug(
+          `Cookie ${cookie.name} was not decoded successfully. Cookie value: ${cookie.value}`,
+        );
+        this.log.warn(error);
+        // Keep the original value
       }
-      this.log.debug(`Entering new web frame: '${value.WINDOW}'`);
-      this.curWebFrames.unshift(value.WINDOW);
-    }
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @group Mobile Web Only
-   */
-  async getCssProperty(propertyName, el) {
-    if (!this.isWebContext()) {
-      throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
     }
+    return cookie;
+  });
+}
 
-    const atomsElement = this.getAtomsElement(el);
-    return await this.executeAtom('get_value_of_css_property', [atomsElement, propertyName]);
-  },
-  /**
-   * Submit the form an element is in
-   *
-   * @param {string|Element} el - the element ID
-   * @group Mobile Web Only
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   */
-  async submit(el) {
-    if (!this.isWebContext()) {
-      throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
-    }
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @group Mobile Web Only
+ */
+export async function setCookie(cookie) {
+  if (!this.isWebContext()) {
+    throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
+  }
 
-    const atomsElement = this.getAtomsElement(el);
-    await this.executeAtom('submit', [atomsElement]);
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @group Mobile Web Only
-   */
-  async refresh() {
-    if (!this.isWebContext()) {
-      throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
-    }
+  cookie = _.clone(cookie);
 
-    await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).execute('window.location.reload()');
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @group Mobile Web Only
-   */
-  async getUrl() {
-    if (!this.isWebContext()) {
-      throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
-    }
+  // if `path` field is not specified, Safari will not update cookies as expected; eg issue #1708
+  if (!cookie.path) {
+    cookie.path = '/';
+  }
 
-    return await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).execute('window.location.href');
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @group Mobile Web Only
-   */
-  async title() {
-    if (!this.isWebContext()) {
-      throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
-    }
+  const jsCookie = cookieUtils.createJSCookie(cookie.name, cookie.value, {
+    expires: _.isNumber(cookie.expiry)
+      ? new Date(cookie.expiry * 1000).toUTCString()
+      : cookie.expiry,
+    path: cookie.path,
+    domain: cookie.domain,
+    httpOnly: cookie.httpOnly,
+    secure: cookie.secure,
+  });
+  let script = `document.cookie = ${JSON.stringify(jsCookie)}`;
+  await this.executeAtom('execute_script', [script, []]);
+}
 
-    return await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).execute('window.document.title');
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @group Mobile Web Only
-   */
-  async getCookies() {
-    if (!this.isWebContext()) {
-      throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
-    }
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @group Mobile Web Only
+ */
+export async function deleteCookie(cookieName) {
+  if (!this.isWebContext()) {
+    throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
+  }
 
-    // get the cookies from the remote debugger, or an empty object
-    const {cookies} = await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).getCookies();
-
-    // the value is URI encoded, so decode it safely
-    return cookies.map((cookie) => {
-      if (!_.isEmpty(cookie.value)) {
-        try {
-          cookie.value = decodeURI(cookie.value);
-        } catch (error) {
-          this.log.debug(
-            `Cookie ${cookie.name} was not decoded successfully. Cookie value: ${cookie.value}`,
-          );
-          this.log.warn(error);
-          // Keep the original value
-        }
-      }
-      return cookie;
-    });
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @group Mobile Web Only
-   */
-  async setCookie(cookie) {
-    if (!this.isWebContext()) {
-      throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
-    }
+  const cookies = await this.getCookies();
+  const cookie = cookies.find(({name}) => name === cookieName);
+  if (!cookie) {
+    this.log.debug(`Cookie '${cookieName}' not found. Ignoring.`);
+    return;
+  }
 
-    cookie = _.clone(cookie);
+  await this._deleteCookie(cookie);
+}
 
-    // if `path` field is not specified, Safari will not update cookies as expected; eg issue #1708
-    if (!cookie.path) {
-      cookie.path = '/';
-    }
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @group Mobile Web Only
+ */
+export async function deleteCookies() {
+  if (!this.isWebContext()) {
+    throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
+  }
 
-    const jsCookie = cookieUtils.createJSCookie(cookie.name, cookie.value, {
-      expires: _.isNumber(cookie.expiry)
-        ? new Date(cookie.expiry * 1000).toUTCString()
-        : cookie.expiry,
-      path: cookie.path,
-      domain: cookie.domain,
-      httpOnly: cookie.httpOnly,
-      secure: cookie.secure,
-    });
-    let script = `document.cookie = ${JSON.stringify(jsCookie)}`;
-    await this.executeAtom('execute_script', [script, []]);
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @group Mobile Web Only
-   */
-  async deleteCookie(cookieName) {
-    if (!this.isWebContext()) {
-      throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
-    }
+  const cookies = await this.getCookies();
+  await B.all(cookies.map((cookie) => this._deleteCookie(cookie)));
+}
 
-    const cookies = await this.getCookies();
-    const cookie = cookies.find(({name}) => name === cookieName);
-    if (!cookie) {
-      this.log.debug(`Cookie '${cookieName}' not found. Ignoring.`);
-      return;
-    }
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ */
+export async function _deleteCookie(cookie) {
+  const url = `http${cookie.secure ? 's' : ''}://${cookie.domain}${cookie.path}`;
+  return await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).deleteCookie(cookie.name, url);
+}
 
-    await this._deleteCookie(cookie);
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @group Mobile Web Only
-   */
-  async deleteCookies() {
-    if (!this.isWebContext()) {
-      throw new errors.NotImplementedError();
-    }
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ */
+export function cacheWebElement(el) {
+  if (!_.isPlainObject(el)) {
+    return el;
+  }
+  const elId = util.unwrapElement(el);
+  if (!isValidElementIdentifier(elId)) {
+    return el;
+  }
+  // In newer debugger releases element identifiers look like `:wdc:1628151649325`
+  // We assume it is safe to use these to identify cached elements
+  const cacheId = _.includes(elId, ':') ? elId : util.uuidV4();
+  this.webElementsCache.set(cacheId, elId);
+  return util.wrapElement(cacheId);
+}
 
-    const cookies = await this.getCookies();
-    await B.all(cookies.map((cookie) => this._deleteCookie(cookie)));
-  },
-};
-
-const helpers = {
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   */
-  async _deleteCookie(cookie) {
-    const url = `http${cookie.secure ? 's' : ''}://${cookie.domain}${cookie.path}`;
-    return await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).deleteCookie(cookie.name, url);
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   */
-  cacheWebElement(el) {
-    if (!_.isPlainObject(el)) {
-      return el;
-    }
-    const elId = util.unwrapElement(el);
-    if (!isValidElementIdentifier(elId)) {
-      return el;
-    }
-    // In newer debugger releases element identifiers look like `:wdc:1628151649325`
-    // We assume it is safe to use these to identify cached elements
-    const cacheId = _.includes(elId, ':') ? elId : util.uuidV4();
-    this.webElementsCache.set(cacheId, elId);
-    return util.wrapElement(cacheId);
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   */
-  cacheWebElements(response) {
-    const toCached = (v) => (_.isArray(v) || _.isPlainObject(v) ? this.cacheWebElements(v) : v);
-
-    if (_.isArray(response)) {
-      return response.map(toCached);
-    } else if (_.isPlainObject(response)) {
-      const result = {...response, ...this.cacheWebElement(response)};
-      return _.toPairs(result).reduce((acc, [key, value]) => {
-        acc[key] = toCached(value);
-        return acc;
-      }, {});
-    }
-    return response;
-  },
-  /**
-   * @param {string} atom
-   * @param {unknown[]} args
-   * @returns {Promise<any>}
-   * @privateRemarks This should return `Promise<T>` where `T` extends `unknown`, but that's going to cause a lot of things to break.
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   */
-  async executeAtom(atom, args, alwaysDefaultFrame = false) {
-    let frames = alwaysDefaultFrame === true ? [] : this.curWebFrames;
-    let promise = (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).executeAtom(atom, args, frames);
-    return await this.waitForAtom(promise);
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @param {string} atom
-   * @param {any[]} args
-   */
-  async executeAtomAsync(atom, args) {
-    // save the resolve and reject methods of the promise to be waited for
-    let promise = new B((resolve, reject) => {
-      this.asyncPromise = {resolve, reject};
-    });
-    await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).executeAtomAsync(atom, args, this.curWebFrames);
-    return await this.waitForAtom(promise);
-  },
-  /**
-   * @template {string} S
-   * @param {S|Element<S>} elOrId
-   * @returns {import('./types').AtomsElement<S>}
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   */
-  getAtomsElement(elOrId) {
-    const elId = util.unwrapElement(elOrId);
-    if (!this.webElementsCache?.has(elId)) {
-      throw new errors.StaleElementReferenceError();
-    }
-    return {ELEMENT: this.webElementsCache.get(elId)};
-  },
-  /**
-   * @param {readonly any[]} [args]
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   */
-  convertElementsForAtoms(args = []) {
-    return args.map((arg) => {
-      if (helpers.hasElementId(arg)) {
-        try {
-          return this.getAtomsElement(arg);
-        } catch (err) {
-          if (!isErrorType(err, errors.StaleElementReferenceError)) {
-            throw err;
-          }
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ */
+export function cacheWebElements(response) {
+  const toCached = (v) => (_.isArray(v) || _.isPlainObject(v) ? this.cacheWebElements(v) : v);
+
+  if (_.isArray(response)) {
+    return response.map(toCached);
+  } else if (_.isPlainObject(response)) {
+    const result = {...response, ...this.cacheWebElement(response)};
+    return _.toPairs(result).reduce((acc, [key, value]) => {
+      acc[key] = toCached(value);
+      return acc;
+    }, {});
+  }
+  return response;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} atom
+ * @param {unknown[]} args
+ * @returns {Promise<any>}
+ * @privateRemarks This should return `Promise<T>` where `T` extends `unknown`, but that's going to cause a lot of things to break.
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ */
+export async function executeAtom(atom, args, alwaysDefaultFrame = false) {
+  let frames = alwaysDefaultFrame === true ? [] : this.curWebFrames;
+  let promise = (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).executeAtom(atom, args, frames);
+  return await this.waitForAtom(promise);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @param {string} atom
+ * @param {any[]} args
+ */
+export async function executeAtomAsync(atom, args) {
+  // save the resolve and reject methods of the promise to be waited for
+  let promise = new B((resolve, reject) => {
+    this.asyncPromise = {resolve, reject};
+  });
+  await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).executeAtomAsync(atom, args, this.curWebFrames);
+  return await this.waitForAtom(promise);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @template {string} S
+ * @param {S|Element<S>} elOrId
+ * @returns {import('./types').AtomsElement<S>}
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ */
+export function getAtomsElement(elOrId) {
+  const elId = util.unwrapElement(elOrId);
+  if (!this.webElementsCache?.has(elId)) {
+    throw new errors.StaleElementReferenceError();
+  }
+  return {ELEMENT: this.webElementsCache.get(elId)};
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {readonly any[]} [args]
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ */
+export function convertElementsForAtoms(args = []) {
+  return args.map((arg) => {
+    if (hasElementId(arg)) {
+      try {
+        return this.getAtomsElement(arg);
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (!isErrorType(err, errors.StaleElementReferenceError)) {
+          throw err;
         }
-        return arg;
-      }
-      return _.isArray(arg) ? this.convertElementsForAtoms(arg) : arg;
-    });
-  },
-  getElementId(element) {
-    return element.ELEMENT || element[W3C_WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER];
-  },
-  /**
-   * @param {any} element
-   * @returns {element is Element}
-   */
-  hasElementId(element) {
-    return (
-      util.hasValue(element) &&
-      (util.hasValue(element.ELEMENT) || util.hasValue(element[W3C_WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER]))
-    );
-  },
-};
-
-const extensions = {
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   */
-  async findWebElementOrElements(strategy, selector, many, ctx) {
-    const contextElement = _.isNil(ctx) ? null : this.getAtomsElement(ctx);
-    const atomName = many ? 'find_elements' : 'find_element_fragment';
-    let element;
-    let doFind = async () => {
-      element = await this.executeAtom(atomName, [strategy, selector, contextElement]);
-      return !_.isNull(element);
-    };
-    try {
-      await this.implicitWaitForCondition(doFind);
-    } catch (err) {
-      if (err.message && _.isFunction(err.message.match) && err.message.match(/Condition unmet/)) {
-        // condition was not met setting res to empty array
-        element = [];
-      } else {
-        throw err;
       }
+      return arg;
     }
+    return _.isArray(arg) ? this.convertElementsForAtoms(arg) : arg;
+  });
+}
 
-    if (many) {
-      return this.cacheWebElements(element);
-    }
-    if (_.isEmpty(element)) {
-      throw new errors.NoSuchElementError();
+export function getElementId(element) {
+  return element.ELEMENT || element[W3C_WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {any} element
+ * @returns {element is Element}
+ */
+export function hasElementId(element) {
+  return (
+    util.hasValue(element) &&
+    (util.hasValue(element.ELEMENT) || util.hasValue(element[W3C_WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER]))
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ */
+export async function findWebElementOrElements(strategy, selector, many, ctx) {
+  const contextElement = _.isNil(ctx) ? null : this.getAtomsElement(ctx);
+  const atomName = many ? 'find_elements' : 'find_element_fragment';
+  let element;
+  let doFind = async () => {
+    element = await this.executeAtom(atomName, [strategy, selector, contextElement]);
+    return !_.isNull(element);
+  };
+  try {
+    await this.implicitWaitForCondition(doFind);
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (err.message && _.isFunction(err.message.match) && err.message.match(/Condition unmet/)) {
+      // condition was not met setting res to empty array
+      element = [];
+    } else {
+      throw err;
     }
+  }
+
+  if (many) {
     return this.cacheWebElements(element);
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @param {number} x
-   * @param {number} y
-   */
-  async clickWebCoords(x, y) {
-    const {x: translatedX, y: translatedY} = await this.translateWebCoords(x, y);
-    await this.mobileTap(translatedX, translatedY);
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
-   */
-  async getSafariIsIphone() {
-    if (_.isBoolean(this._isSafariIphone)) {
-      return this._isSafariIphone;
-    }
-    try {
-      const userAgent = /** @type {string} */ (await this.execute('return navigator.userAgent'));
-      this._isSafariIphone = userAgent.toLowerCase().includes('iphone');
-    } catch (err) {
-      this.log.warn(`Unable to find device type from useragent. Assuming iPhone`);
-      this.log.debug(`Error: ${err.message}`);
-    }
-    return this._isSafariIphone ?? true;
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @returns {Promise<import('@appium/types').Size>}
-   */
-  async getSafariDeviceSize() {
-    const script =
-      'return {height: window.screen.availHeight * window.devicePixelRatio, width: window.screen.availWidth * window.devicePixelRatio};';
-    const {width, height} = /** @type {import('@appium/types').Size} */ (
-      await this.execute(script)
-    );
-    const [normHeight, normWidth] = height > width ? [height, width] : [width, height];
-    return {
-      width: normWidth,
-      height: normHeight,
-    };
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
-   */
-  async getSafariIsNotched() {
-    if (_.isBoolean(this._isSafariNotched)) {
-      return this._isSafariNotched;
-    }
+  }
+  if (_.isEmpty(element)) {
+    throw new errors.NoSuchElementError();
+  }
+  return this.cacheWebElements(element);
+}
 
-    try {
-      const {width, height} = await this.getSafariDeviceSize();
-      for (const device of NOTCHED_DEVICE_SIZES) {
-        if (device.w === width && device.h === height) {
-          this._isSafariNotched = true;
-        }
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @param {number} x
+ * @param {number} y
+ */
+export async function clickWebCoords(x, y) {
+  const {x: translatedX, y: translatedY} = await this.translateWebCoords(x, y);
+  await this.mobileTap(translatedX, translatedY);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+ */
+export async function getSafariIsIphone() {
+  if (_.isBoolean(this._isSafariIphone)) {
+    return this._isSafariIphone;
+  }
+  try {
+    const userAgent = /** @type {string} */ (await this.execute('return navigator.userAgent'));
+    this._isSafariIphone = userAgent.toLowerCase().includes('iphone');
+  } catch (err) {
+    this.log.warn(`Unable to find device type from useragent. Assuming iPhone`);
+    this.log.debug(`Error: ${err.message}`);
+  }
+  return this._isSafariIphone ?? true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @returns {Promise<import('@appium/types').Size>}
+ */
+export async function getSafariDeviceSize() {
+  const script =
+    'return {height: window.screen.availHeight * window.devicePixelRatio, width: window.screen.availWidth * window.devicePixelRatio};';
+  const {width, height} = /** @type {import('@appium/types').Size} */ (
+    await this.execute(script)
+  );
+  const [normHeight, normWidth] = height > width ? [height, width] : [width, height];
+  return {
+    width: normWidth,
+    height: normHeight,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+ */
+export async function getSafariIsNotched() {
+  if (_.isBoolean(this._isSafariNotched)) {
+    return this._isSafariNotched;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const {width, height} = await this.getSafariDeviceSize();
+    for (const device of NOTCHED_DEVICE_SIZES) {
+      if (device.w === width && device.h === height) {
+        this._isSafariNotched = true;
       }
-    } catch (err) {
-      this.log.warn(
-        `Unable to find device type from dimensions. Assuming the device is not notched`,
-      );
-      this.log.debug(`Error: ${err.message}`);
-    }
-    return this._isSafariNotched ?? false;
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   */
-  async getExtraTranslateWebCoordsOffset(wvPos, realDims) {
-    let topOffset = 0;
-    let bottomOffset = 0;
-
-    const isIphone = await this.getSafariIsIphone();
-
-    // No need to check whether the Smart App Banner or Tab Bar is visible or not
-    // if already defined by nativeWebTapTabBarVisibility or nativeWebTapSmartAppBannerVisibility in settings.
-    const {
-      nativeWebTapTabBarVisibility,
-      nativeWebTapSmartAppBannerVisibility,
-      safariTabBarPosition = util.compareVersions(/** @type {string} */ (this.opts.platformVersion), '>=', '15.0') &&
-      isIphone
-        ? TAB_BAR_POSITION_BOTTOM
-        : TAB_BAR_POSITION_TOP,
-    } = this.settings.getSettings();
-    let tabBarVisibility = _.lowerCase(String(nativeWebTapTabBarVisibility));
-    let bannerVisibility = _.lowerCase(String(nativeWebTapSmartAppBannerVisibility));
-    const tabBarPosition = _.lowerCase(String(safariTabBarPosition));
-
-    if (!VISIBILITIES.includes(tabBarVisibility)) {
-      tabBarVisibility = DETECT;
-    }
-    if (!VISIBILITIES.includes(bannerVisibility)) {
-      bannerVisibility = DETECT;
     }
+  } catch (err) {
+    this.log.warn(
+      `Unable to find device type from dimensions. Assuming the device is not notched`,
+    );
+    this.log.debug(`Error: ${err.message}`);
+  }
+  return this._isSafariNotched ?? false;
+}
 
-    if (!TAB_BAR_POSSITIONS.includes(tabBarPosition)) {
-      throw new errors.InvalidArgumentError(
-        `${safariTabBarPosition} is invalid as Safari tab bar position. Available positions are ${TAB_BAR_POSSITIONS}.`,
-      );
-    }
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ */
+export async function getExtraTranslateWebCoordsOffset(wvPos, realDims) {
+  let topOffset = 0;
+  let bottomOffset = 0;
+
+  const isIphone = await this.getSafariIsIphone();
+
+  // No need to check whether the Smart App Banner or Tab Bar is visible or not
+  // if already defined by nativeWebTapTabBarVisibility or nativeWebTapSmartAppBannerVisibility in settings.
+  const {
+    nativeWebTapTabBarVisibility,
+    nativeWebTapSmartAppBannerVisibility,
+    safariTabBarPosition = util.compareVersions(/** @type {string} */ (this.opts.platformVersion), '>=', '15.0') &&
+    isIphone
+      ? TAB_BAR_POSITION_BOTTOM
+      : TAB_BAR_POSITION_TOP,
+  } = this.settings.getSettings();
+  let tabBarVisibility = _.lowerCase(String(nativeWebTapTabBarVisibility));
+  let bannerVisibility = _.lowerCase(String(nativeWebTapSmartAppBannerVisibility));
+  const tabBarPosition = _.lowerCase(String(safariTabBarPosition));
+
+  if (!VISIBILITIES.includes(tabBarVisibility)) {
+    tabBarVisibility = DETECT;
+  }
+  if (!VISIBILITIES.includes(bannerVisibility)) {
+    bannerVisibility = DETECT;
+  }
 
-    const isNotched = isIphone && (await this.getSafariIsNotched());
+  if (!TAB_BAR_POSSITIONS.includes(tabBarPosition)) {
+    throw new errors.InvalidArgumentError(
+      `${safariTabBarPosition} is invalid as Safari tab bar position. Available positions are ${TAB_BAR_POSSITIONS}.`,
+    );
+  }
 
-    const orientation = realDims.h > realDims.w ? 'PORTRAIT' : 'LANDSCAPE';
+  const isNotched = isIphone && (await this.getSafariIsNotched());
 
-    const notchOffset = isNotched
-      ? util.compareVersions(/** @type {string} */ (this.opts.platformVersion), '=', '13.0')
-        ? IPHONE_X_NOTCH_OFFSET_IOS_13
-        : IPHONE_X_NOTCH_OFFSET_IOS
-      : 0;
+  const orientation = realDims.h > realDims.w ? 'PORTRAIT' : 'LANDSCAPE';
 
-    const isScrolled = await this.execute('return document.documentElement.scrollTop > 0');
-    if (isScrolled) {
-      topOffset = IPHONE_SCROLLED_TOP_BAR_HEIGHT + notchOffset;
+  const notchOffset = isNotched
+    ? util.compareVersions(/** @type {string} */ (this.opts.platformVersion), '=', '13.0')
+      ? IPHONE_X_NOTCH_OFFSET_IOS_13
+      : IPHONE_X_NOTCH_OFFSET_IOS
+    : 0;
 
-      if (isNotched) {
-        topOffset -= IPHONE_X_SCROLLED_OFFSET;
-      }
+  const isScrolled = await this.execute('return document.documentElement.scrollTop > 0');
+  if (isScrolled) {
+    topOffset = IPHONE_SCROLLED_TOP_BAR_HEIGHT + notchOffset;
 
-      // If the iPhone is landscape then there is no top bar
-      if (orientation === 'LANDSCAPE' && isIphone) {
-        topOffset = 0;
-      }
-    } else {
-      topOffset = tabBarPosition === TAB_BAR_POSITION_BOTTOM ? 0 : IPHONE_TOP_BAR_HEIGHT;
-      topOffset += notchOffset;
-      this.log.debug(`tabBarPosition and topOffset: ${tabBarPosition}, ${topOffset}`);
-
-      if (isIphone) {
-        if (orientation === 'PORTRAIT') {
-          // The bottom bar is only visible when portrait
-          bottomOffset = IPHONE_BOTTOM_BAR_OFFSET;
-        } else {
-          topOffset = IPHONE_LANDSCAPE_TOP_BAR_HEIGHT;
-        }
+    if (isNotched) {
+      topOffset -= IPHONE_X_SCROLLED_OFFSET;
+    }
+
+    // If the iPhone is landscape then there is no top bar
+    if (orientation === 'LANDSCAPE' && isIphone) {
+      topOffset = 0;
+    }
+  } else {
+    topOffset = tabBarPosition === TAB_BAR_POSITION_BOTTOM ? 0 : IPHONE_TOP_BAR_HEIGHT;
+    topOffset += notchOffset;
+    this.log.debug(`tabBarPosition and topOffset: ${tabBarPosition}, ${topOffset}`);
+
+    if (isIphone) {
+      if (orientation === 'PORTRAIT') {
+        // The bottom bar is only visible when portrait
+        bottomOffset = IPHONE_BOTTOM_BAR_OFFSET;
+      } else {
+        topOffset = IPHONE_LANDSCAPE_TOP_BAR_HEIGHT;
       }
+    }
 
-      if (orientation === 'LANDSCAPE' || !isIphone) {
-        if (tabBarVisibility === VISIBLE) {
+    if (orientation === 'LANDSCAPE' || !isIphone) {
+      if (tabBarVisibility === VISIBLE) {
+        topOffset += TAB_BAR_OFFSET;
+      } else if (tabBarVisibility === DETECT) {
+        // Tabs only appear if the device is landscape or if it's an iPad so we only check visibility in this case
+        // Assume that each tab bar is a WebView
+        const contextsAndViews = await this.getContextsAndViews();
+        const tabs = contextsAndViews.filter((ctx) => ctx.id.startsWith('WEBVIEW_'));
+
+        if (tabs.length > 1) {
+          this.log.debug(`Found ${tabs.length} tabs. Assuming the tab bar is visible`);
           topOffset += TAB_BAR_OFFSET;
-        } else if (tabBarVisibility === DETECT) {
-          // Tabs only appear if the device is landscape or if it's an iPad so we only check visibility in this case
-          // Assume that each tab bar is a WebView
-          const contextsAndViews = await this.getContextsAndViews();
-          const tabs = contextsAndViews.filter((ctx) => ctx.id.startsWith('WEBVIEW_'));
-
-          if (tabs.length > 1) {
-            this.log.debug(`Found ${tabs.length} tabs. Assuming the tab bar is visible`);
-            topOffset += TAB_BAR_OFFSET;
-          }
         }
       }
     }
+  }
 
-    topOffset += await this.getExtraNativeWebTapOffset(isIphone, bannerVisibility);
-
-    wvPos.y += topOffset;
-    realDims.h -= topOffset + bottomOffset;
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @param {boolean} isIphone
-   * @param {string} bannerVisibility
-   * @returns {Promise<number>}
-   */
-  async getExtraNativeWebTapOffset(isIphone, bannerVisibility) {
-    let offset = 0;
-
-    if (bannerVisibility === VISIBLE) {
+  topOffset += await this.getExtraNativeWebTapOffset(isIphone, bannerVisibility);
+
+  wvPos.y += topOffset;
+  realDims.h -= topOffset + bottomOffset;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @param {boolean} isIphone
+ * @param {string} bannerVisibility
+ * @returns {Promise<number>}
+ */
+export async function getExtraNativeWebTapOffset(isIphone, bannerVisibility) {
+  let offset = 0;
+
+  if (bannerVisibility === VISIBLE) {
+    offset += isIphone
+      ? IPHONE_WEB_COORD_SMART_APP_BANNER_OFFSET
+      : IPAD_WEB_COORD_SMART_APP_BANNER_OFFSET;
+  } else if (bannerVisibility === DETECT) {
+    // try to see if there is an Smart App Banner
+    const banners = /** @type {import('@appium/types').Element[]} */ (
+      await this.findNativeElementOrElements('accessibility id', 'Close app download offer', true)
+    );
+    if (banners?.length) {
       offset += isIphone
         ? IPHONE_WEB_COORD_SMART_APP_BANNER_OFFSET
         : IPAD_WEB_COORD_SMART_APP_BANNER_OFFSET;
-    } else if (bannerVisibility === DETECT) {
-      // try to see if there is an Smart App Banner
-      const banners = /** @type {import('@appium/types').Element[]} */ (
-        await this.findNativeElementOrElements('accessibility id', 'Close app download offer', true)
-      );
-      if (banners?.length) {
-        offset += isIphone
-          ? IPHONE_WEB_COORD_SMART_APP_BANNER_OFFSET
-          : IPAD_WEB_COORD_SMART_APP_BANNER_OFFSET;
-      }
-    }
-
-    this.log.debug(`Additional native web tap offset computed: ${offset}`);
-    return offset;
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @param {any} el
-   * @returns {Promise<void>}
-   */
-  async nativeWebTap(el) {
-    const atomsElement = this.getAtomsElement(el);
-
-    // if strict native tap, do not try to do it with WDA directly
-    if (
-      !(this.settings.getSettings()).nativeWebTapStrict &&
-      (await tapWebElementNatively.bind(this)(atomsElement))
-    ) {
-      return;
-    }
-    this.log.warn('Unable to do simple native web tap. Attempting to convert coordinates');
-
-    const [size, coordinates] =
-      /** @type {[import('@appium/types').Size, import('@appium/types').Position]} */ (
-        await B.Promise.all([
-          this.executeAtom('get_size', [atomsElement]),
-          this.executeAtom('get_top_left_coordinates', [atomsElement]),
-        ])
-      );
-    const {width, height} = size;
-    const {x, y} = coordinates;
-    await this.clickWebCoords(x + width / 2, y + height / 2);
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @param {number} x
-   * @param {number} y
-   * @returns {Promise<import('@appium/types').Position>}
-   */
-  async translateWebCoords(x, y) {
-    this.log.debug(`Translating web coordinates (${JSON.stringify({x, y})}) to native coordinates`);
-
-    if (this.webviewCalibrationResult) {
-      this.log.debug(`Will use the recent calibration result: ${JSON.stringify(this.webviewCalibrationResult)}`);
-      const { offsetX, offsetY, pixelRatioX, pixelRatioY } = this.webviewCalibrationResult;
-      const cmd = '(function () {return {innerWidth: window.innerWidth, innerHeight: window.innerHeight, ' +
-        'outerWidth: window.outerWidth, outerHeight: window.outerHeight}; })()';
-      const wvDims = await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).execute(cmd);
-      // https://tripleodeon.com/2011/12/first-understand-your-screen/
-      const shouldApplyPixelRatio = wvDims.innerWidth > wvDims.outerWidth
-        || wvDims.innerHeight > wvDims.outerHeight;
-      return {
-        x: offsetX + x * (shouldApplyPixelRatio ? pixelRatioX : 1),
-        y: offsetY + y * (shouldApplyPixelRatio ? pixelRatioY : 1),
-      };
-    } else {
-      this.log.debug(
-        `Using the legacy algorithm for coordinates translation. ` +
-        `Invoke 'mobile: calibrateWebToRealCoordinatesTranslation' to change that.`
-      );
     }
+  }
 
-    // absolutize web coords
-    /** @type {import('@appium/types').Element|undefined|string} */
-    let webview;
-    try {
-      webview = /** @type {import('@appium/types').Element|undefined} */ (
-        await retryInterval(
-          5,
-          100,
-          async () =>
-            await this.findNativeElementOrElements('class name', 'XCUIElementTypeWebView', false),
-        )
-      );
-    } catch {}
+  this.log.debug(`Additional native web tap offset computed: ${offset}`);
+  return offset;
+}
 
-    if (!webview) {
-      throw new Error(`No WebView found. Unable to translate web coordinates for native web tap.`);
-    }
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @param {any} el
+ * @returns {Promise<void>}
+ */
+export async function nativeWebTap(el) {
+  const atomsElement = this.getAtomsElement(el);
+
+  // if strict native tap, do not try to do it with WDA directly
+  if (
+    !(this.settings.getSettings()).nativeWebTapStrict &&
+    (await tapWebElementNatively.bind(this)(atomsElement))
+  ) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this.log.warn('Unable to do simple native web tap. Attempting to convert coordinates');
+
+  const [size, coordinates] =
+    /** @type {[import('@appium/types').Size, import('@appium/types').Position]} */ (
+      await B.Promise.all([
+        this.executeAtom('get_size', [atomsElement]),
+        this.executeAtom('get_top_left_coordinates', [atomsElement]),
+      ])
+    );
+  const {width, height} = size;
+  const {x, y} = coordinates;
+  await this.clickWebCoords(x + width / 2, y + height / 2);
+}
 
-    webview = util.unwrapElement(webview);
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @param {number} x
+ * @param {number} y
+ * @returns {Promise<import('@appium/types').Position>}
+ */
+export async function translateWebCoords(x, y) {
+  this.log.debug(`Translating web coordinates (${JSON.stringify({x, y})}) to native coordinates`);
+
+  if (this.webviewCalibrationResult) {
+    this.log.debug(`Will use the recent calibration result: ${JSON.stringify(this.webviewCalibrationResult)}`);
+    const { offsetX, offsetY, pixelRatioX, pixelRatioY } = this.webviewCalibrationResult;
+    const cmd = '(function () {return {innerWidth: window.innerWidth, innerHeight: window.innerHeight, ' +
+      'outerWidth: window.outerWidth, outerHeight: window.outerHeight}; })()';
+    const wvDims = await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).execute(cmd);
+    // https://tripleodeon.com/2011/12/first-understand-your-screen/
+    const shouldApplyPixelRatio = wvDims.innerWidth > wvDims.outerWidth
+      || wvDims.innerHeight > wvDims.outerHeight;
+    return {
+      x: offsetX + x * (shouldApplyPixelRatio ? pixelRatioX : 1),
+      y: offsetY + y * (shouldApplyPixelRatio ? pixelRatioY : 1),
+    };
+  } else {
+    this.log.debug(
+      `Using the legacy algorithm for coordinates translation. ` +
+      `Invoke 'mobile: calibrateWebToRealCoordinatesTranslation' to change that.`
+    );
+  }
 
-    const rect = /** @type {Rect} */ (await this.proxyCommand(`/element/${webview}/rect`, 'GET'));
-    const wvPos = {x: rect.x, y: rect.y};
-    const realDims = {w: rect.width, h: rect.height};
+  // absolutize web coords
+  /** @type {import('@appium/types').Element|undefined|string} */
+  let webview;
+  try {
+    webview = /** @type {import('@appium/types').Element|undefined} */ (
+      await retryInterval(
+        5,
+        100,
+        async () =>
+          await this.findNativeElementOrElements('class name', 'XCUIElementTypeWebView', false),
+      )
+    );
+  } catch {}
 
-    const cmd = '(function () { return {w: window.innerWidth, h: window.innerHeight}; })()';
-    const wvDims = await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).execute(cmd);
+  if (!webview) {
+    throw new Error(`No WebView found. Unable to translate web coordinates for native web tap.`);
+  }
 
-    // keep track of implicit wait, and set locally to 0
-    // https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/14988
-    const implicitWaitMs = this.implicitWaitMs;
-    this.setImplicitWait(0);
-    try {
-      await this.getExtraTranslateWebCoordsOffset(wvPos, realDims);
-    } finally {
-      this.setImplicitWait(implicitWaitMs);
-    }
-    if (!wvDims || !realDims || !wvPos) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Web coordinates ${JSON.stringify({x, y})} cannot be translated into real coordinates. ` +
-        `Try to invoke 'mobile: calibrateWebToRealCoordinatesTranslation' or consider translating the ` +
-        `coordinates from the client code.`
-      );
-    }
+  webview = util.unwrapElement(webview);
 
-    const xRatio = realDims.w / wvDims.w;
-    const yRatio = realDims.h / wvDims.h;
-    const newCoords = {
-      x: wvPos.x + Math.round(xRatio * x),
-      y: wvPos.y + Math.round(yRatio * y),
-    };
+  const rect = /** @type {Rect} */ (await this.proxyCommand(`/element/${webview}/rect`, 'GET'));
+  const wvPos = {x: rect.x, y: rect.y};
+  const realDims = {w: rect.width, h: rect.height};
 
-    // additional logging for coordinates, since it is sometimes broken
-    //   see https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/9159
-    this.log.debug(`Converted coordinates: ${JSON.stringify(newCoords)}`);
-    this.log.debug(`    rect: ${JSON.stringify(rect)}`);
-    this.log.debug(`    wvPos: ${JSON.stringify(wvPos)}`);
-    this.log.debug(`    realDims: ${JSON.stringify(realDims)}`);
-    this.log.debug(`    wvDims: ${JSON.stringify(wvDims)}`);
-    this.log.debug(`    xRatio: ${JSON.stringify(xRatio)}`);
-    this.log.debug(`    yRatio: ${JSON.stringify(yRatio)}`);
+  const cmd = '(function () { return {w: window.innerWidth, h: window.innerHeight}; })()';
+  const wvDims = await (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).execute(cmd);
 
-    this.log.debug(
-      `Converted web coords ${JSON.stringify({x, y})} into real coords ${JSON.stringify(
-        newCoords,
-      )}`,
+  // keep track of implicit wait, and set locally to 0
+  // https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/14988
+  const implicitWaitMs = this.implicitWaitMs;
+  this.setImplicitWait(0);
+  try {
+    await this.getExtraTranslateWebCoordsOffset(wvPos, realDims);
+  } finally {
+    this.setImplicitWait(implicitWaitMs);
+  }
+  if (!wvDims || !realDims || !wvPos) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Web coordinates ${JSON.stringify({x, y})} cannot be translated into real coordinates. ` +
+      `Try to invoke 'mobile: calibrateWebToRealCoordinatesTranslation' or consider translating the ` +
+      `coordinates from the client code.`
     );
-    return newCoords;
-  },
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
-   */
-  async checkForAlert() {
-    return _.isString(await this.getAlertText());
-  },
-
-  /**
-   * @param {Promise<any>} promise
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   */
-  async waitForAtom(promise) {
-    const timer = new timing.Timer().start();
-
-    const atomWaitTimeoutMs = _.isNumber(this.opts.webviewAtomWaitTimeout) && this.opts.webviewAtomWaitTimeout > 0
-      ? this.opts.webviewAtomWaitTimeout
-      : ATOM_WAIT_TIMEOUT_MS;
-    // need to check for alert while the atom is being executed.
-    // so notify ourselves when it happens
-    const timedAtomPromise = B.resolve(promise).timeout(atomWaitTimeoutMs);
-    const handlePromiseError = async (p) => {
-      try {
-        return await p;
-      } catch (err) {
-        const originalError = err instanceof AggregateError ? err[0] : err;
-        this.log.debug(`Error received while executing atom: ${originalError.message}`);
-        throw (
-          originalError instanceof TimeoutError
-            ? (await generateAtomTimeoutError.bind(this)(timer))
-            : originalError
-        );
-      }
-    };
-    // if the atom promise is fulfilled within ATOM_INITIAL_WAIT_MS
-    // then we don't need to check for an alert presence
-    await handlePromiseError(B.any([B.delay(ATOM_INITIAL_WAIT_MS), timedAtomPromise]));
-    if (timedAtomPromise.isFulfilled()) {
-      return await timedAtomPromise;
-    }
+  }
 
-    // ...otherwise make sure there is no unexpected alert covering the element
-    this._waitingAtoms.count++;
+  const xRatio = realDims.w / wvDims.w;
+  const yRatio = realDims.h / wvDims.h;
+  const newCoords = {
+    x: wvPos.x + Math.round(xRatio * x),
+    y: wvPos.y + Math.round(yRatio * y),
+  };
+
+  // additional logging for coordinates, since it is sometimes broken
+  //   see https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/9159
+  this.log.debug(`Converted coordinates: ${JSON.stringify(newCoords)}`);
+  this.log.debug(`    rect: ${JSON.stringify(rect)}`);
+  this.log.debug(`    wvPos: ${JSON.stringify(wvPos)}`);
+  this.log.debug(`    realDims: ${JSON.stringify(realDims)}`);
+  this.log.debug(`    wvDims: ${JSON.stringify(wvDims)}`);
+  this.log.debug(`    xRatio: ${JSON.stringify(xRatio)}`);
+  this.log.debug(`    yRatio: ${JSON.stringify(yRatio)}`);
+
+  this.log.debug(
+    `Converted web coords ${JSON.stringify({x, y})} into real coords ${JSON.stringify(
+      newCoords,
+    )}`,
+  );
+  return newCoords;
+}
 
-    let onAlertCallback;
-    let onAppCrashCallback;
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+ */
+export async function checkForAlert() {
+  return _.isString(await this.getAlertText());
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Promise<any>} promise
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ */
+export async function waitForAtom(promise) {
+  const timer = new timing.Timer().start();
+
+  const atomWaitTimeoutMs = _.isNumber(this.opts.webviewAtomWaitTimeout) && this.opts.webviewAtomWaitTimeout > 0
+    ? this.opts.webviewAtomWaitTimeout
+    : ATOM_WAIT_TIMEOUT_MS;
+  // need to check for alert while the atom is being executed.
+  // so notify ourselves when it happens
+  const timedAtomPromise = B.resolve(promise).timeout(atomWaitTimeoutMs);
+  const handlePromiseError = async (p) => {
     try {
-      // only restart the monitor if it is not running already
-      if (this._waitingAtoms.alertMonitor.isResolved()) {
-        this._waitingAtoms.alertMonitor = B.resolve(
-          (async () => {
-            while (this._waitingAtoms.count > 0) {
-              try {
-                if (await this.checkForAlert()) {
-                  this._waitingAtoms.alertNotifier.emit(ON_OBSTRUCTING_ALERT_EVENT);
-                }
-              } catch (err) {
-                if (isErrorType(err, errors.InvalidElementStateError)) {
-                  this._waitingAtoms.alertNotifier.emit(ON_APP_CRASH_EVENT, err);
-                }
+      return await p;
+    } catch (err) {
+      const originalError = err instanceof AggregateError ? err[0] : err;
+      this.log.debug(`Error received while executing atom: ${originalError.message}`);
+      throw (
+        originalError instanceof TimeoutError
+          ? (await generateAtomTimeoutError.bind(this)(timer))
+          : originalError
+      );
+    }
+  };
+  // if the atom promise is fulfilled within ATOM_INITIAL_WAIT_MS
+  // then we don't need to check for an alert presence
+  await handlePromiseError(B.any([B.delay(ATOM_INITIAL_WAIT_MS), timedAtomPromise]));
+  if (timedAtomPromise.isFulfilled()) {
+    return await timedAtomPromise;
+  }
+
+  // ...otherwise make sure there is no unexpected alert covering the element
+  this._waitingAtoms.count++;
+
+  let onAlertCallback;
+  let onAppCrashCallback;
+  try {
+    // only restart the monitor if it is not running already
+    if (this._waitingAtoms.alertMonitor.isResolved()) {
+      this._waitingAtoms.alertMonitor = B.resolve(
+        (async () => {
+          while (this._waitingAtoms.count > 0) {
+            try {
+              if (await this.checkForAlert()) {
+                this._waitingAtoms.alertNotifier.emit(ON_OBSTRUCTING_ALERT_EVENT);
+              }
+            } catch (err) {
+              if (isErrorType(err, errors.InvalidElementStateError)) {
+                this._waitingAtoms.alertNotifier.emit(ON_APP_CRASH_EVENT, err);
               }
-              await B.delay(OBSTRUCTING_ALERT_PRESENCE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS);
             }
-          })(),
-        );
-      }
-
-      return await new B((resolve, reject) => {
-        onAlertCallback = () => reject(new errors.UnexpectedAlertOpenError());
-        onAppCrashCallback = reject;
-        this._waitingAtoms.alertNotifier.once(ON_OBSTRUCTING_ALERT_EVENT, onAlertCallback);
-        this._waitingAtoms.alertNotifier.once(ON_APP_CRASH_EVENT, onAppCrashCallback);
-        handlePromiseError(timedAtomPromise)
-          .then(resolve)
-          .catch(reject);
-      });
-    } finally {
-      if (onAlertCallback) {
-        this._waitingAtoms.alertNotifier.removeListener(
-          ON_OBSTRUCTING_ALERT_EVENT,
-          onAlertCallback,
-        );
-      }
-      if (onAppCrashCallback) {
-        this._waitingAtoms.alertNotifier.removeListener(ON_APP_CRASH_EVENT, onAppCrashCallback);
-      }
-      this._waitingAtoms.count--;
+            await B.delay(OBSTRUCTING_ALERT_PRESENCE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS);
+          }
+        })(),
+      );
     }
-  },
-
-  /**
-   * @param {string} navType
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   */
-  async mobileWebNav(navType) {
-    (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).allowNavigationWithoutReload = true;
-    try {
-      await this.executeAtom('execute_script', [`history.${navType}();`, null]);
-    } finally {
-      (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).allowNavigationWithoutReload = false;
+
+    return await new B((resolve, reject) => {
+      onAlertCallback = () => reject(new errors.UnexpectedAlertOpenError());
+      onAppCrashCallback = reject;
+      this._waitingAtoms.alertNotifier.once(ON_OBSTRUCTING_ALERT_EVENT, onAlertCallback);
+      this._waitingAtoms.alertNotifier.once(ON_APP_CRASH_EVENT, onAppCrashCallback);
+      handlePromiseError(timedAtomPromise)
+        .then(resolve)
+        .catch(reject);
+    });
+  } finally {
+    if (onAlertCallback) {
+      this._waitingAtoms.alertNotifier.removeListener(
+        ON_OBSTRUCTING_ALERT_EVENT,
+        onAlertCallback,
+      );
     }
-  },
-
-  /**
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @returns {string} The base url which could be used to access WDA HTTP endpoints
-   * FROM THE SAME DEVICE where WDA is running
-   */
-  getWdaLocalhostRoot() {
-    const remotePort =
-      ((this.isRealDevice() ? this.opts.wdaRemotePort : null)
-        ?? this.wda?.url?.port
-        ?? this.opts.wdaLocalPort)
-      || 8100;
-    return `http://127.0.0.1:${remotePort}`;
-  },
-
-  /**
-   * Calibrates web to real coordinates translation.
-   * This API can only be called from Safari web context.
-   * It must load a custom page to the browser, and then restore
-   * the original one, so don't call it if you can potentially
-   * lose the current web app state.
-   * The outcome of this API is then used in nativeWebTap mode.
-   * The returned value could also be used to manually transform web coordinates
-   * to real devices ones in client scripts.
-   *
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   * @returns {Promise<import('../types').CalibrationData>}
-   */
-  async mobileCalibrateWebToRealCoordinatesTranslation() {
-    if (!this.isWebContext()) {
-      throw new errors.NotImplementedError('This API can only be called from a web context');
+    if (onAppCrashCallback) {
+      this._waitingAtoms.alertNotifier.removeListener(ON_APP_CRASH_EVENT, onAppCrashCallback);
     }
+    this._waitingAtoms.count--;
+  }
+}
 
-    const currentUrl = await this.getUrl();
-    await this.setUrl(`${this.getWdaLocalhostRoot()}/calibrate`);
-    const {width, height} = /** @type {import('@appium/types').Rect} */(
-      await this.proxyCommand('/window/rect', 'GET')
-    );
-    const [centerX, centerY] = [width / 2, height / 2];
-    const errorPrefix = 'Cannot determine web view coordinates offset. Are you in Safari context?';
+/**
+ * @param {string} navType
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ */
+export async function mobileWebNav(navType) {
+  (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).allowNavigationWithoutReload = true;
+  try {
+    await this.executeAtom('execute_script', [`history.${navType}();`, null]);
+  } finally {
+    (/** @type {RemoteDebugger} */ (this.remote)).allowNavigationWithoutReload = false;
+  }
+}
 
-    const performCalibrationTap = async (/** @type {number} */ tapX, /** @type {number} */ tapY) => {
-      await this.mobileTap(tapX, tapY);
-      /** @type {import('@appium/types').Position} */
-      let result;
-      try {
-        const title = await this.title();
-        this.log.debug(JSON.stringify(title));
-        result = _.isPlainObject(title) ? title : JSON.parse(title);
-      } catch (e) {
-        throw new Error(`${errorPrefix} Original error: ${e.message}`);
-      }
-      const {x, y} = result;
-      if (!_.isInteger(x) || !_.isInteger(y)) {
-        throw new Error(errorPrefix);
-      }
-      return result;
-    };
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @returns {string} The base url which could be used to access WDA HTTP endpoints
+ * FROM THE SAME DEVICE where WDA is running
+ */
+export function getWdaLocalhostRoot() {
+  const remotePort =
+    ((this.isRealDevice() ? this.opts.wdaRemotePort : null)
+      ?? this.wda?.url?.port
+      ?? this.opts.wdaLocalPort)
+  || 8100;
+  return `http://127.0.0.1:${remotePort}`;
+}
 
-    await retryInterval(
-      6,
-      500,
-      async () => {
-        const {x: x0, y: y0} = await performCalibrationTap(
-          centerX - CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX, centerY - CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX
-        );
-        const {x: x1, y: y1} = await performCalibrationTap(
-          centerX + CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX, centerY + CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX
-        );
-        const pixelRatioX = CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX * 2 / (x1 - x0);
-        const pixelRatioY = CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX * 2 / (y1 - y0);
-        this.webviewCalibrationResult = {
-          offsetX: centerX - CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX - x0 * pixelRatioX,
-          offsetY: centerY - CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX - y0 * pixelRatioY,
-          pixelRatioX,
-          pixelRatioY,
-        };
-      }
-    );
+/**
+ * Calibrates web to real coordinates translation.
+ * This API can only be called from Safari web context.
+ * It must load a custom page to the browser, and then restore
+ * the original one, so don't call it if you can potentially
+ * lose the current web app state.
+ * The outcome of this API is then used in nativeWebTap mode.
+ * The returned value could also be used to manually transform web coordinates
+ * to real devices ones in client scripts.
+ *
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @returns {Promise<import('../types').CalibrationData>}
+ */
+export async function mobileCalibrateWebToRealCoordinatesTranslation() {
+  if (!this.isWebContext()) {
+    throw new errors.NotImplementedError('This API can only be called from a web context');
+  }
 
-    if (currentUrl) {
-      // restore the previous url
-      await this.setUrl(currentUrl);
+  const currentUrl = await this.getUrl();
+  await this.setUrl(`${this.getWdaLocalhostRoot()}/calibrate`);
+  const {width, height} = /** @type {import('@appium/types').Rect} */(
+    await this.proxyCommand('/window/rect', 'GET')
+  );
+  const [centerX, centerY] = [width / 2, height / 2];
+  const errorPrefix = 'Cannot determine web view coordinates offset. Are you in Safari context?';
+
+  const performCalibrationTap = async (/** @type {number} */ tapX, /** @type {number} */ tapY) => {
+    await this.mobileTap(tapX, tapY);
+    /** @type {import('@appium/types').Position} */
+    let result;
+    try {
+      const title = await this.title();
+      this.log.debug(JSON.stringify(title));
+      result = _.isPlainObject(title) ? title : JSON.parse(title);
+    } catch (e) {
+      throw new Error(`${errorPrefix} Original error: ${e.message}`);
     }
-    const result = /** @type {import('../types').CalibrationData} */ (this.webviewCalibrationResult);
-    return {
-      ...result,
-      offsetX: Math.round(result.offsetX),
-      offsetY: Math.round(result.offsetY),
-    };
-  },
-
-  /**
-   * @typedef {Object} SafariOpts
-   * @property {object} preferences An object containing Safari settings to be updated.
-   * The list of available setting names and their values could be retrieved by
-   * changing the corresponding Safari settings in the UI and then inspecting
-   * 'Library/Preferences/com.apple.mobilesafari.plist' file inside of
-   * com.apple.mobilesafari app container.
-   * The full path to the Mobile Safari's container could be retrieved from
-   * `xcrun simctl get_app_container <sim_udid> com.apple.mobilesafari data`
-   * command output.
-   * Use the `xcrun simctl spawn <sim_udid> defaults read <path_to_plist>` command
-   * to print the plist content to the Terminal.
-   */
-
-  /**
-   * Updates Mobile Safari preferences on an iOS Simulator
-   *
-   * @param {import('@appium/types').StringRecord} preferences - An object containing Safari settings to be updated.
-   * The list of available setting names and their values can be retrieved by changing the
-   * corresponding Safari settings in the UI and then inspecting
-   * `Library/Preferences/com.apple.mobilesafari.plist` file inside of the `com.apple.mobilesafari`
-   * app container within the simulator filesystem. The full path to Mobile Safari's container can
-   * be retrieved by running `xcrun simctl get_app_container <sim_udid> com.apple.mobilesafari
-   * data`. Use the `xcrun simctl spawn <sim_udid> defaults read <path_to_plist>` command to print
-   * the plist content to the Terminal.
-   *
-   * @group Simulator Only
-   * @returns {Promise<void>}
-   * @throws {Error} if run on a real device or if the preferences argument is invalid
-   * @this {XCUITestDriver}
-   */
-  async mobileUpdateSafariPreferences(preferences) {
-    if (!this.isSimulator()) {
-      throw new Error('This extension is only available for Simulator');
+    const {x, y} = result;
+    if (!_.isInteger(x) || !_.isInteger(y)) {
+      throw new Error(errorPrefix);
     }
-    if (!_.isPlainObject(preferences)) {
-      throw new errors.InvalidArgumentError('"preferences" argument must be a valid object');
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  await retryInterval(
+    6,
+    500,
+    async () => {
+      const {x: x0, y: y0} = await performCalibrationTap(
+        centerX - CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX, centerY - CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX
+      );
+      const {x: x1, y: y1} = await performCalibrationTap(
+        centerX + CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX, centerY + CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX
+      );
+      const pixelRatioX = CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX * 2 / (x1 - x0);
+      const pixelRatioY = CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX * 2 / (y1 - y0);
+      this.webviewCalibrationResult = {
+        offsetX: centerX - CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX - x0 * pixelRatioX,
+        offsetY: centerY - CALIBRATION_TAP_DELTA_PX - y0 * pixelRatioY,
+        pixelRatioX,
+        pixelRatioY,
+      };
     }
+  );
 
-    this.log.debug(`About to update Safari preferences: ${JSON.stringify(preferences)}`);
-    await /** @type {import('../driver').Simulator} */ (this.device).updateSafariSettings(preferences);
-  },
-};
+  if (currentUrl) {
+    // restore the previous url
+    await this.setUrl(currentUrl);
+  }
+  const result = /** @type {import('../types').CalibrationData} */ (this.webviewCalibrationResult);
+  return {
+    ...result,
+    offsetX: Math.round(result.offsetX),
+    offsetY: Math.round(result.offsetY),
+  };
+}
 
-export default {...helpers, ...extensions, ...commands};
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} SafariOpts
+ * @property {object} preferences An object containing Safari settings to be updated.
+ * The list of available setting names and their values could be retrieved by
+ * changing the corresponding Safari settings in the UI and then inspecting
+ * 'Library/Preferences/com.apple.mobilesafari.plist' file inside of
+ * com.apple.mobilesafari app container.
+ * The full path to the Mobile Safari's container could be retrieved from
+ * `xcrun simctl get_app_container <sim_udid> com.apple.mobilesafari data`
+ * command output.
+ * Use the `xcrun simctl spawn <sim_udid> defaults read <path_to_plist>` command
+ * to print the plist content to the Terminal.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Updates Mobile Safari preferences on an iOS Simulator
+ *
+ * @param {import('@appium/types').StringRecord} preferences - An object containing Safari settings to be updated.
+ * The list of available setting names and their values can be retrieved by changing the
+ * corresponding Safari settings in the UI and then inspecting
+ * `Library/Preferences/com.apple.mobilesafari.plist` file inside of the `com.apple.mobilesafari`
+ * app container within the simulator filesystem. The full path to Mobile Safari's container can
+ * be retrieved by running `xcrun simctl get_app_container <sim_udid> com.apple.mobilesafari
+ * data`. Use the `xcrun simctl spawn <sim_udid> defaults read <path_to_plist>` command to print
+ * the plist content to the Terminal.
+ *
+ * @group Simulator Only
+ * @returns {Promise<void>}
+ * @throws {Error} if run on a real device or if the preferences argument is invalid
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ */
+export async function mobileUpdateSafariPreferences(preferences) {
+  if (!this.isSimulator()) {
+    throw new Error('This extension is only available for Simulator');
+  }
+  if (!_.isPlainObject(preferences)) {
+    throw new errors.InvalidArgumentError('"preferences" argument must be a valid object');
+  }
+
+  this.log.debug(`About to update Safari preferences: ${JSON.stringify(preferences)}`);
+  await /** @type {import('../driver').Simulator} */ (this.device).updateSafariSettings(preferences);
+}
 
 /**
  * @this {XCUITestDriver}
@@ -1025,6 +976,75 @@ async function generateAtomTimeoutError(timer) {
   return new errors.TimeoutError(message);
 }
 
+/**
+ * @this {XCUITestDriver}
+ * @param {any} atomsElement
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+ */
+async function tapWebElementNatively(atomsElement) {
+  // try to get the text of the element, which will be accessible in the
+  // native context
+  try {
+    const [text1, text2] = await B.all([
+      this.executeAtom('get_text', [atomsElement]),
+      this.executeAtom('get_attribute_value', [atomsElement, 'value'])
+    ]);
+    const text = text1 || text2;
+    if (!text) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const els = await this.findNativeElementOrElements('accessibility id', text, true);
+    if (![1, 2].includes(els.length)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const el = els[0];
+    // use tap because on iOS 11.2 and below `nativeClick` crashes WDA
+    const rect = /** @type {import('@appium/types').Rect} */ (await this.proxyCommand(
+      `/element/${util.unwrapElement(el)}/rect`, 'GET'
+    ));
+    if (els.length > 1) {
+      const el2 = els[1];
+      const rect2 = /** @type {import('@appium/types').Rect} */ (await this.proxyCommand(
+        `/element/${util.unwrapElement(el2)}/rect`, 'GET',
+      ));
+
+      if (
+        rect.x !== rect2.x || rect.y !== rect2.y
+        || rect.width !== rect2.width || rect.height !== rect2.height
+      ) {
+        // These 2 native elements are not referring to the same web element
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    await this.mobileTap(rect.x + rect.width / 2, rect.y + rect.height / 2);
+    return true;
+  } catch (err) {
+    // any failure should fall through and trigger the more elaborate
+    // method of clicking
+    this.log.warn(`Error attempting to click: ${err.message}`);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {any} id
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function isValidElementIdentifier(id) {
+  if (!_.isString(id) && !_.isNumber(id)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (_.isString(id) && _.isEmpty(id)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (_.isNumber(id) && isNaN(id)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 /**
  * @typedef {import('../driver').XCUITestDriver} XCUITestDriver
  * @typedef {import('@appium/types').Rect} Rect