appium-mcp 0.0.1 → 1.1.5

package/src/resources/submodules/appium/packages/appium/docs/zh/guides/migrating-1-to-2.md

@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+---
+title: Migrating to Appium 2
+---
+
+This document is a guide for those who are using Appium 1 and wish to migrate to Appium 2. It
+contains a list of breaking changes and how to migrate your environments or test suites to ensure
+compatibility with Appium 2.
+
+Appium 2 is the biggest Appium release in over 5 years. It is _not_ focused on changing the
+automation behavior for any particular platform, but instead re-envisions Appium into an
+_ecosystem_ of automation tools:
+
+- The core Appium module retains only platform-agnostic functionality
+- Functionality for automating specific platforms is moved to separate _driver_ modules
+- Functionality for altering/extending Appium is moved to separate _plugin_ modules
+
+At the same time, the Appium project is taking the opportunity to remove many old and deprecated
+bits of functionality.
+
+Since Appium 2 is a major architectural change, ^^we do not recommend directly updating your
+Appium 1 installations to Appium 2^^. Instead, please uninstall Appium 1 first, and only install
+Appium 2 afterwards.
+
+## Breaking Changes
+
+### Drivers Installed Separately
+
+When installing Appium 1, all available drivers would be installed alongside the main Appium
+server. In Appium 2, due to its modular structure, this is no longer the case - by default,
+installing it only installs the core Appium server, without any drivers.
+
+When it comes to installing Appium 2 drivers, there are several approaches you can take:
+
+- Add the `--drivers` flag when installing Appium, for example:
+
+```bash
+npm i -g appium --drivers=xcuitest,uiautomator2
+```
+
+- Use the [Appium Extension CLI](../reference/cli/extensions.md), for example:
+
+```bash
+appium driver install uiautomator2
+```
+
+- Use the [Appium Setup CLI command](../reference/cli/setup.md) (added in Appium `2.6`), for example:
+
+```bash
+appium setup mobile
+```
+
+Check the [Managing Drivers and Plugins guide](./managing-exts.md) for more information.
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+```
+When installing Appium 2, use one of the above approaches for installing your desired drivers
+```
+
+### Driver Installation Path Changed
+
+When installing Appium 1, all available drivers would be installed as dependencies of the main
+Appium server, in `/path/to/appium/node_modules`. For example, `appium-webdriveragent` was located
+at `/path/to/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/node_modules/appium-webdriveragent`.
+
+In Appium 2, drivers (and plugins) are installed at the path defined by the `APPIUM_HOME`
+environment variable, whose default value is `~/.appium`. So, `appium-webdriveragent` would now be
+located at `$APPIUM_HOME/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/node_modules/appium-webdriveragent`.
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+```
+If your code uses paths to Appium driver files, update it to use the `APPIUM_HOME` environment
+variable
+```
+
+### Drivers Updated Separately
+
+In Appium 1, in order to get updates to your drivers, you would simply wait for those updates to be
+rolled into a new release of Appium, and then update your Appium version. With Appium 2, since the
+server and drivers are separate packages, they can release new versions independently from each
+other - this means that you no longer need to wait for a new Appium server release, but can install
+the latest driver versions right away.
+
+Checking for driver updates is done by using the [Appium Extension CLI](../reference/cli/extensions.md):
+
+```bash
+appium driver list --updates
+```
+
+If any updates are available, you can then run the `update` command for any given driver:
+
+```bash
+appium driver update xcuitest
+```
+
+Updating the Appium server itself is the same as before:
+
+```bash
+npm update -g appium
+```
+
+However, in Appium 2 this process is a lot quicker, since drivers are no longer bundled with the
+server package.
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+```
+Make sure to use the [Appium Extension CLI](../reference/cli/extensions.md) to manage your drivers
+```
+
+### Deprecated Packages No Longer Supported
+
+The Appium 1 ecosystem included several drivers, clients and other packages that had since been
+deprecated and replaced with newer packages. Appium 2 no longer includes support for these packages,
+and it is recommended to migrate to the following replacements:
+
+| Appium 1 Package   | Replacement in Appium 2                                                    |
+| ------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| iOS Driver         | [XCUITest Driver](https://appium.github.io/appium-xcuitest-driver/latest/) |
+| UiAutomator Driver | [UiAutomator2](https://github.com/appium/appium-uiautomator2-driver/)      |
+| `wd` Client        | [WebdriverIO Client](https://webdriver.io/)                                |
+| Appium Desktop     | [Appium Inspector](https://github.com/appium/appium-inspector)             |
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+```
+If you are using any of the aforementioned package(s), migrate to their recommended replacement(s)
+```
+
+### Default Server Base Path Changed
+
+In Appium 1, the default Appium server URL was `http://localhost:4723/wd/hub`, where the `/wd/hub`
+part (the base path) was a legacy convention from Selenium 1. Appium 2 changes the default base
+path to `/`, therefore the default server URL is now `http://localhost:4723/`.
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+```
+In your test scripts, change the base path of the target server URL from `/wd/hub` to `/`.
+Alternatively, you can retain the Appium 1 base path by launching Appium with the
+`--base-path=/wd/hub` [command-line argument](../reference/cli/server.md).
+```
+
+### Server Port 0 No Longer Supported
+
+In Appium 1, it was possible to specify `--port 0` during server startup, which had the effect of
+starting Appium on a random free port. Appium 2 no longer allows this, and requires port values to
+be `1` or higher. If you wish to start Appium on a random port, you must now take care of this on
+your own prior to launching the server.
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+```
+If you are launching Appium with `--port 0`, change the port number value to `1` or higher
+```
+
+### Driver-Specific CLI Options Changed
+
+With Appium 1, command-line options specific to particular drivers were all hosted on the main
+Appium server. So, for example, `--chromedriver-executable` was a CLI parameter you could use to
+set the Chromedriver location for the UiAutomator2 driver.
+
+In Appium 2, all driver-specific CLI options have been moved to the drivers themselves. However,
+depending on the driver, these options may now need to be passed in another way:
+
+- Some options can still be passed as different CLI flags, for example:
+
+```bash
+appium --webdriveragent-port=5000                 # Appium 1
+appium --driver-xcuitest-webdriveragent-port=5000 # Appium 2
+```
+
+- Some options can now be passed as environment variables, for example:
+
+```bash
+appium --chromedriver-version=100 # Appium 1
+CHROMEDRIVER_VERSION=100 appium   # Appium 2
+```
+
+- Some options can now be passed as [capabilities](./caps.md), for example:
+
+```
+appium --chromedriver-executable=/path/to/chromedriver      # Appium 1
+{"appium:chromedriverExecutable": "/path/to/chromedriver"}  # Appium 2
+```
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+```
+If you are using driver-specific CLI options, refer to that driver's documentation for how to
+apply them in Appium 2
+```
+
+### Filepaths No Longer Supported for Some CLI Options
+
+In Appium 1, some server command-line options could be invoked by passing a filepath as their
+value, and Appium would then parse the contents of that file as the actual value for that option.
+There were four options that supported this:
+
+- `--nodeconfig`
+- `--default-capabilities`
+- `--allow-insecure`
+- `--deny-insecure`
+
+Appium 2 no longer attempts to parse the contents of filepaths passed to these options, and offers
+two ways to specify the value for these options:
+
+- As strings, directly on the command line
+  - `--nodeconfig` / `--default-capabilities`: JSON string
+  - `--allow-insecure` / `--deny-insecure`: comma-separated list
+- In the [Appium Configuration file](./config.md)
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+```
+If you are using any of the aforementioned CLI options with a filepath value, update your code
+to pass the file contents either directly or through the Appium config file
+```
+
+### Old Protocols Dropped
+
+Appium's API is based on the [W3C WebDriver Protocol](https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver/), and it has
+supported this protocol for years. Before this protocol was designed as a web standard, the
+[JSON Wire Protocol](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/) (JSONWP)
+and [Mobile JSON Wire Protocol](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/mobile-spec/blob/master/spec-draft.md)
+(MJSONWP) were used instead.
+
+In Appium 1, all of these protocols were supported, so that older Selenium/Appium clients could
+still communicate with newer Appium servers. Appium 2 removes support for JSONWP/MJSONWP and is now
+only compatible with the W3C WebDriver Protocol.
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+```
+Make sure you are using Selenium/Appium clients compatible with the W3C WebDriver Protocol
+```
+
+### Capabilities Require Vendor Prefix
+
+In Appium 1, in order to create a session, you had to specify certain desired capabilities, which
+would indicate session parameters, e.g. the driver you want to use. Appium 2 retains this behavior
+and continues to accept desired capabilities (now renamed simply to 'capabilities'), but as part of
+the W3C WebDriver Protocol specification, all non-standard capabilities are now required to use a
+vendor prefix.
+
+The list of standard capabilities is described in the [WebDriver Protocol specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver/#capabilities),
+and includes a few commonly used capabilities like `browserName` and `platformName`. All other
+capabilities must now start with the vendor name and a colon (the vendor prefix), for example,
+`moz:` or `goog:`. Since most of Appium's capabilities go beyond the standard W3C capabilities,
+all of them must include the `appium:` prefix (unless specified otherwise):
+
+```
+deviceName        # Appium 1
+appium:deviceName # Appium 2
+```
+
+This requirement may or may not be a breaking change for your test suites. Up-to-date versions of
+official Appium clients and the Appium Inspector will automatically add the `appium:` prefix to all
+non-standard capabilities, and the same may apply to cloud-based Appium providers.
+
+Additionally, if you are starting a session with multiple Appium-specific capabilities (which will
+likely be the case), it may seem repetitive to add the `appium:` prefix to each individual
+capability. To avoid this, you can optionally group up all these capabilities under a single object
+capability, `appium:options`, for example:
+
+\=== "Default Approach"
+
+````
+```json
+{
+  "platformName": "iOS",
+  "browserName": "Safari",
+  "appium:platformVersion": "14.4",
+  "appium:deviceName": "iPhone 11",
+  "appium:automationName": "XCUITest"
+}
+```
+````
+
+\=== "With `appium:options`"
+
+````
+```json
+{
+  "platformName": "iOS",
+  "browserName": "Safari",
+  "appium:options": {
+    "platformVersion": "14.4",
+    "deviceName": "iPhone 11",
+    "automationName": "XCUITest"
+  }
+}
+```
+````
+
+!!! warning
+
+```
+Capabilities included in the `appium:options` object will overwrite capabilities of the same
+name that are used outside of this object. Note that cloud provider support for the
+`appium:options` syntax may vary.
+```
+
+For more information on capabilities, have a look at the [Capabilities Guide](./caps.md).
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+```
+Add the `appium:` prefix to all Appium-specific capabilities used in your tests, or wrap them
+inside an `appium:options` object
+```
+
+### Advanced Features Moved to Plugins
+
+One of the design goals for Appium 2 is to extract non-core features into special extensions called
+[plugins](../ecosystem/plugins.md). Two such features of Appium 1 have been moved to plugins, and
+are no longer bundled with Appium 2:
+
+| Feature                                                                                                                         | Plugin Name                                                                                     |
+| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Image-related features (comparison, search by image, etc...) | [`images`](https://github.com/appium/appium/tree/master/packages/images-plugin)                 |
+| The Execute Driver Script feature                                                                                               | [`execute-driver`](https://github.com/appium/appium/tree/master/packages/execute-driver-plugin) |
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+````
+If you were using the image-related features and/or the execute driver script feature in Appium
+1, first install their plugin(s):
+```
+appium plugin install images 
+appium plugin install execute-driver
+```
+Afterwards, make sure to activate the plugin(s) upon launching the Appium server:
+```
+appium --use-plugins=images,execute-driver
+```
+````
+
+### Endpoint Changes
+
+A few server endpoints used in Appium 1 were accepting old or unused parameters. Appium 2 removes
+support for these parameters. The following is a list of these changed endpoints, along with the
+parameters they no longer accept, as well as the parameters they continue to accept in Appium 2.
+
+- `POST /session/:sessionId/appium/device/gsm_signal`
+  - :octicons-x-24: `signalStrengh`
+  - :octicons-check-24: `signalStrength`
+- `POST /session/:sessionId/appium/element/:elementId/value`
+  - :octicons-x-24: `value`
+  - :octicons-check-24: `text`
+- `POST /session/:sessionId/appium/element/:elementId/replace_value`
+  - :octicons-x-24: `value`
+  - :octicons-check-24: `text`
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+```
+Check your Appium client documentation for the methods using these endpoints, and adjust your
+code to only use the accepted parameters
+```
+
+### Internal Packages Renamed
+
+In Appium 1, the internal dependency packages were each located in their own repository. Appium 2
+moves to a monorepo structure and therefore renames many of these packages, for example:
+
+```
+appium-base-driver  # Appium 1
+@appium/base-driver # Appium 2
+```
+
+!!! info "Actions Needed"
+
+```
+If you do not directly import Appium packages into your code - none! However, if you do, make
+sure to update the names of your Appium package imports!
+```
+
+## Major New Features
+
+Apart from the breaking changes mentioned above, here are some of the major new features you may
+wish to take advantage of with Appium 2:
+
+### Third-Party Drivers and Plugins
+
+You are no longer limited to official drivers or plugins, or ones that the Appium team even knows
+about! Developers can now create their own custom drivers or plugins, which can be installed via
+Appium's [Extension CLI](../reference/cli/extensions.md) from `npm`, `git`, GitHub, or even the local
+filesystem. Interested in building a driver or plugin? Check out the
+[Building Drivers](../developing/build-drivers.md) and
+[Building Plugins](../developing/build-plugins.md) guides.
+
+### Configuration Files
+
+Appium now supports _configuration files_ in addition to command-line arguments. Nearly all options
+or flags that had to be specified on the CLI in Appium 1, can now also be provided in a
+configuration file. The file can be in JSON, JS, or YAML format. For more information, refer to
+the [Config File Guide](./config.md).
+
+## Special Notes for Cloud Providers
+
+Most of this guide has applied to Appium end users or developers, but some of the architectural
+changes in Appium 2 will constitute breaking changes for different Appium service providers. At the
+end of the day, the maintainer of the Appium server is responsible for installing and exposing the
+various Appium drivers and plugins that end users may wish to use.
+
+We encourage cloud providers to thoroughly read and understand our recommendation for cloud
+provider capabilities in order to support user needs in
+an industry-compatible way!