appium-android-driver 13.3.1 → 13.3.3

package/lib/commands/context/exports.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import {util} from '@appium/support';
 import {Chromedriver} from 'appium-chromedriver';
 import {errors, PROTOCOLS} from 'appium/driver';
 import type {StringRecord} from '@appium/types';
-import _ from 'lodash';
 import {
   CHROMIUM_WIN,
   KNOWN_CHROME_PACKAGE_NAMES,
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ export async function setContext(this: AndroidDriver, name?: string | null): Pro
   const webviewsMapping = await getWebViewsMapping.bind(this)(this.opts);
   const contexts = this.assignContexts(webviewsMapping);
   // if the context we want doesn't exist, fail
-  if (!_.includes(contexts, newContext)) {
+  if (!contexts?.includes(newContext)) {
     throw new errors.NoSuchContextError();
   }
 
@@ -243,7 +242,7 @@ export async function startChromedriverProxy(
     await setupExistingChromedriver.bind(this)(cd, context);
   } else {
     // XXX: this suppresses errors about putting arbitrary stuff on opts
-    const opts = _.cloneDeep(this.opts) as any;
+    const opts = structuredClone(this.opts) as any;
     opts.chromeUseRunningApp = true;
 
     // if requested, tell chromedriver to attach to the android package we have
@@ -258,7 +257,7 @@ export async function startChromedriverProxy(
       }
       if (!opts.extractChromeAndroidPackageFromContextName) {
         if (
-          _.has(this.opts, 'enableWebviewDetailsCollection') &&
+          this.opts.enableWebviewDetailsCollection !== undefined &&
           !this.opts.enableWebviewDetailsCollection
         ) {
           // When enableWebviewDetailsCollection capability is explicitly disabled, try to identify
@@ -266,14 +265,13 @@ export async function startChromedriverProxy(
           // since webviewsMapping does not have info object
           const contexts = webviewsMapping.map((wm) => wm.webviewName);
           for (const knownPackage of KNOWN_CHROME_PACKAGE_NAMES) {
-            if (_.includes(contexts, `${WEBVIEW_BASE}${knownPackage}`)) {
+            if (contexts?.includes(`${WEBVIEW_BASE}${knownPackage}`)) {
               continue;
             }
             const appState = await this.queryAppState(knownPackage);
             if (
-              _.includes(
-                [APP_STATE.RUNNING_IN_BACKGROUND, APP_STATE.RUNNING_IN_FOREGROUND],
-                appState,
+              [APP_STATE.RUNNING_IN_BACKGROUND, APP_STATE.RUNNING_IN_FOREGROUND].includes(
+                appState as any,
               )
             ) {
               opts.chromeAndroidPackage = knownPackage;
@@ -286,7 +284,7 @@ export async function startChromedriverProxy(
           }
         } else {
           for (const wm of webviewsMapping) {
-            if (wm.webviewName === context && _.has(wm?.info, 'Android-Package')) {
+            if (wm.webviewName === context && wm?.info?.['Android-Package'] !== undefined) {
               // XXX: should be a type guard here
               opts.chromeAndroidPackage = (wm.info as NonNullable<WebviewsMapping['info']>)[
                 'Android-Package'
@@ -367,7 +365,7 @@ export async function onChromedriverStop(this: AndroidDriver, context: string):
  */
 export async function stopChromedriverProxies(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<void> {
   this.suspendChromedriverProxy(); // make sure we turn off the proxy flag
-  for (const context of _.keys(this.sessionChromedrivers)) {
+  for (const context of Object.keys(this.sessionChromedrivers)) {
     const cd = this.sessionChromedrivers[context];
     this.log.debug(`Stopping chromedriver for context ${context}`);
     // stop listening for the stopped state event
@@ -388,7 +386,7 @@ export async function stopChromedriverProxies(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<void
  * @returns True if the context is a Chromedriver context, false otherwise
  */
 export function isChromedriverContext(this: AndroidDriver, viewName: string): boolean {
-  return _.includes(viewName, WEBVIEW_WIN) || viewName === CHROMIUM_WIN;
+  return viewName?.includes(WEBVIEW_WIN) || viewName === CHROMIUM_WIN;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -399,7 +397,7 @@ export async function notifyBiDiContextChange(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<void
   const name = await this.getCurrentContext();
   this.eventEmitter.emit(
     BIDI_EVENT_NAME,
-    makeContextUpdatedEvent(_.toLower(String(this.opts.automationName)), name),
+    makeContextUpdatedEvent(String(this.opts.automationName)?.toLowerCase(), name),
   );
   this.eventEmitter.emit(BIDI_EVENT_NAME, makeObsoleteContextUpdatedEvent(name));
 }
@@ -435,7 +433,7 @@ export async function mobileGetChromeCapabilities(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<
 export async function startChromeSession(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<void> {
   this.log.info('Starting a chrome-based browser session');
   // XXX: this suppresses errors about putting arbitrary stuff on opts
-  const opts = _.cloneDeep(this.opts) as any;
+  const opts = structuredClone(this.opts) as any;
 
   const knownPackages = [
     'org.chromium.chrome.shell',
@@ -445,7 +443,7 @@ export async function startChromeSession(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<void> {
     'org.chromium.webview_shell',
   ];
 
-  if (_.includes(knownPackages, this.opts.appPackage)) {
+  if (knownPackages?.includes(this.opts.appPackage as string)) {
     opts.chromeBundleId = this.opts.appPackage;
   } else {
     opts.chromeAndroidActivity = this.opts.appActivity;

package/lib/commands/context/helpers.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import {util, timing} from '@appium/support';
-import _ from 'lodash';
 import axios from 'axios';
 import net from 'node:net';
 import {findAPortNotInUse} from 'portscanner';
@@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ export async function getWebViewsMapping(
   this.log.debug(`Getting a list of available webviews`);
 
   let waitMs = waitForWebviewMs;
-  if (!_.isNumber(waitMs)) {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(waitMs) || typeof waitMs !== 'number') {
     waitMs = parseInt(`${waitMs}`, 10) || 0;
   }
 
@@ -256,7 +255,7 @@ export async function setupNewChromedriver(
   }
 
   const details = context ? getWebviewDetails(this.adb, context) : undefined;
-  if (!_.isEmpty(details)) {
+  if (!util.isEmpty(details)) {
     this.log.debug(
       'Passing web view details to the Chromedriver constructor: ' +
         JSON.stringify(details, null, 2),
@@ -264,7 +263,7 @@ export async function setupNewChromedriver(
   }
 
   const chromedriverOpts: ChromedriverOpts & {details?: WebViewDetails} = {
-    port: _.isNil(opts.chromedriverPort) ? undefined : String(opts.chromedriverPort),
+    port: opts.chromedriverPort == null ? undefined : String(opts.chromedriverPort),
     executable: opts.chromedriverExecutable,
     adb: this.adb,
     cmdArgs: opts.chromedriverArgs as string[] | undefined,
@@ -285,10 +284,10 @@ export async function setupNewChromedriver(
   opts.chromeOptions = opts.chromeOptions || {};
   // try out any prefixed chromeOptions,
   // and strip the prefix
-  for (const opt of _.keys(opts)) {
+  for (const opt of Object.keys(opts)) {
     if (opt.endsWith(':chromeOptions')) {
       this?.log?.warn(`Merging '${opt}' into 'chromeOptions'. This may cause unexpected behavior`);
-      _.merge(opts.chromeOptions, (opts as any)[opt]);
+      merge(opts.chromeOptions, (opts as Record<string, any>)[opt]);
     }
   }
 
@@ -296,12 +295,12 @@ export async function setupNewChromedriver(
   opts.chromeLoggingPrefs = opts.chromeLoggingPrefs ?? {};
 
   // Strip the prefix and store it
-  for (const opt of _.keys(opts)) {
+  for (const opt of Object.keys(opts)) {
     if (opt.endsWith(':loggingPrefs')) {
       this.log.warn(
         `Merging '${opt}' into 'chromeLoggingPrefs'. This may cause unexpected behavior`,
       );
-      _.merge(opts.chromeLoggingPrefs, (opts as any)[opt]);
+      merge(opts.chromeLoggingPrefs, (opts as Record<string, any>)[opt]);
     }
   }
 
@@ -363,7 +362,7 @@ export async function setupExistingChromedriver<T extends Chromedriver>(
 export function shouldDismissChromeWelcome(this: AndroidDriver): boolean {
   return (
     !!this.opts.chromeOptions &&
-    _.isArray(this.opts.chromeOptions.args) &&
+    Array.isArray(this.opts.chromeOptions.args) &&
     this.opts.chromeOptions.args.includes('--no-first-run')
   );
 }
@@ -462,7 +461,7 @@ function createChromedriverCaps(
 
     caps.chromeOptions.androidPackage = androidPackage;
   }
-  if (_.isBoolean(opts.chromeUseRunningApp)) {
+  if (typeof opts.chromeUseRunningApp === 'boolean') {
     caps.chromeOptions.androidUseRunningApp = opts.chromeUseRunningApp;
   }
   if (opts.chromeAndroidPackage) {
@@ -476,14 +475,14 @@ function createChromedriverCaps(
   } else if (webViewDetails?.process?.name && webViewDetails?.process?.id) {
     caps.chromeOptions.androidProcess = webViewDetails.process.name;
   }
-  if (_.toLower(opts.browserName) === 'chromium-webview') {
+  if (String(opts.browserName)?.toLowerCase() === 'chromium-webview') {
     caps.chromeOptions.androidActivity = opts.appActivity;
   }
   if (opts.pageLoadStrategy) {
     caps.pageLoadStrategy = opts.pageLoadStrategy;
   }
-  const isChrome = _.toLower(caps.chromeOptions.androidPackage) === 'chrome';
-  if (_.includes(KNOWN_CHROME_PACKAGE_NAMES, caps.chromeOptions.androidPackage) || isChrome) {
+  const isChrome = String(caps.chromeOptions.androidPackage)?.toLowerCase() === 'chrome';
+  if (KNOWN_CHROME_PACKAGE_NAMES?.includes(caps.chromeOptions.androidPackage as any) || isChrome) {
     // if we have extracted package from context name, it could come in as bare
     // "chrome", and so we should make sure the details are correct, including
     // not using an activity or process id
@@ -496,7 +495,7 @@ function createChromedriverCaps(
   // add device id from adb
   caps.chromeOptions.androidDeviceSerial = deviceId;
 
-  if (_.isPlainObject(opts.loggingPrefs) || _.isPlainObject(opts.chromeLoggingPrefs)) {
+  if (util.isPlainObject(opts.loggingPrefs) || util.isPlainObject(opts.chromeLoggingPrefs)) {
     if (opts.loggingPrefs) {
       this.log.warn(
         `The 'loggingPrefs' cap is deprecated; use the 'chromeLoggingPrefs' cap instead`,
@@ -520,7 +519,7 @@ function createChromedriverCaps(
     delete opts.chromeOptions.Arguments;
   }
 
-  if (opts.webSocketUrl && _.isNil(caps.webSocketUrl) && this.opts.chromedriverForwardBiDi) {
+  if (opts.webSocketUrl && caps.webSocketUrl == null && this.opts.chromedriverForwardBiDi) {
     caps.webSocketUrl = opts.webSocketUrl;
   }
 
@@ -529,14 +528,14 @@ function createChromedriverCaps(
   );
 
   const protectedCapNames: string[] = [];
-  for (const [opt, val] of _.toPairs(opts.chromeOptions)) {
-    if (_.isUndefined(caps.chromeOptions[opt])) {
+  for (const [opt, val] of Object.entries(opts.chromeOptions)) {
+    if (caps.chromeOptions[opt] === undefined) {
       caps.chromeOptions[opt] = val;
     } else {
       protectedCapNames.push(opt);
     }
   }
-  if (!_.isEmpty(protectedCapNames)) {
+  if (!util.isEmpty(protectedCapNames)) {
     this.log.info(
       'The following Chromedriver capabilities cannot be overridden ' +
         'by the provided chromeOptions:',
@@ -613,7 +612,7 @@ async function collectWebviewsDetails(
   webviewsMapping: WebviewProps[],
   opts: DetailCollectionOptions = {},
 ): Promise<void> {
-  if (_.isEmpty(webviewsMapping)) {
+  if (util.isEmpty(webviewsMapping)) {
     return;
   }
 
@@ -729,9 +728,9 @@ async function getPotentialWebviewProcs(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<string[]>
 
     names.push(sockPath);
   }
-  if (_.isEmpty(names)) {
+  if (util.isEmpty(names)) {
     this.log.debug('Found no active devtools sockets');
-    if (!_.isEmpty(allMatches)) {
+    if (!util.isEmpty(allMatches)) {
       this.log.debug(`Other sockets are: ${JSON.stringify(allMatches, null, 2)}`);
     }
   } else {
@@ -741,7 +740,7 @@ async function getPotentialWebviewProcs(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<string[]>
     );
   }
   // sometimes the webview process shows up multiple times per app
-  return _.uniq(names);
+  return util.uniq(names);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -879,4 +878,30 @@ function isCompatibleCdpHost(host: string): boolean {
   );
 }
 
+function merge<T extends Record<string, any>>(target: T, source: any): T {
+  if (!util.isPlainObject(source)) {
+    return target;
+  }
+
+  for (const key of Object.keys(source)) {
+    // Prevent prototype pollution when merging untrusted capability objects
+    if (key === '__proto__' || key === 'constructor' || key === 'prototype') {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const sourceValue = (source as Record<string, any>)[key];
+
+    if (util.isPlainObject(sourceValue)) {
+      if (!util.isPlainObject((target as Record<string, any>)[key])) {
+        (target as Record<string, any>)[key] = {};
+      }
+      merge((target as any)[key], sourceValue);
+    } else {
+      (target as Record<string, any>)[key] = sourceValue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return target;
+}
+
 // #endregion

package/lib/commands/device/common.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import * as semver from 'semver';
-import _ from 'lodash';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import {setMockLocationApp} from '../geolocation';
 import {SETTINGS_HELPER_ID} from 'io.appium.settings';
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ export async function getDeviceInfoFromCaps(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<ADBDev
 
     // udid was given, lets try to init with that device
     if (udid) {
-      if (!_.includes(_.map(devices, 'udid'), udid)) {
+      if (!devices?.some((device) => device.udid === udid)) {
         throw this.log.errorWithException(
           `Device ${udid} was not in the list of connected devices`,
         );
@@ -72,11 +71,13 @@ export async function getDeviceInfoFromCaps(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<ADBDev
         const semverDO = deviceOS;
 
         const bothVersionsCanBeCoerced = semver.valid(deviceOS) && semver.valid(platformVersion);
-        const bothVersionsAreStrings = _.isString(deviceOS) && _.isString(platformVersion);
+        const bothVersionsAreStrings =
+          typeof deviceOS === 'string' && typeof platformVersion === 'string';
         if (
           (bothVersionsCanBeCoerced &&
             (semverDO as semver.SemVer).version === (semverPV as semver.SemVer).version) ||
-          (bothVersionsAreStrings && _.toLower(deviceOS) === _.toLower(platformVersion))
+          (bothVersionsAreStrings &&
+            String(deviceOS)?.toLowerCase() === String(platformVersion)?.toLowerCase())
         ) {
           // Got an exact match - proceed immediately
           udid = device.udid;
@@ -91,18 +92,19 @@ export async function getDeviceInfoFromCaps(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<ADBDev
         const dvMajor = (semverDO as semver.SemVer).major;
         const dvMinor = (semverDO as semver.SemVer).minor;
         if (
-          ((!_.includes(this.opts.platformVersion, '.') && pvMajor === dvMajor) ||
+          ((!String(this.opts.platformVersion)?.includes('.') && pvMajor === dvMajor) ||
             (pvMajor === dvMajor && pvMinor === dvMinor)) &&
           // Got a partial match - make sure we consider the most recent
           // device version available on the host system
-          ((partialMatchCandidate && semver.gt(deviceOS, _.values(partialMatchCandidate)[0])) ||
+          ((partialMatchCandidate &&
+            semver.gt(deviceOS, Object.values(partialMatchCandidate)[0])) ||
             !partialMatchCandidate)
         ) {
           partialMatchCandidate = {[device.udid]: deviceOS};
         }
       }
       if (!udid && partialMatchCandidate) {
-        udid = _.keys(partialMatchCandidate)[0];
+        udid = Object.keys(partialMatchCandidate)[0];
         adb.setDeviceId(udid);
       }
 
@@ -241,7 +243,7 @@ export async function initDevice(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<void> {
   if (!this.isEmulator()) {
     setupPromises.push(
       (async () => {
-        if (mockLocationApp || _.isUndefined(mockLocationApp)) {
+        if (mockLocationApp || mockLocationApp === undefined) {
           await setMockLocationApp.bind(this)(mockLocationApp || SETTINGS_HELPER_ID);
         } else {
           await this.mobileResetGeolocation();

package/lib/commands/device/utils.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import _ from 'lodash';
 import {util} from '@appium/support';
 import {ADB} from 'appium-adb';
 import {retryInterval} from 'asyncbox';
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ export function ensureNetworkSpeed(this: AndroidDriver, networkSpeed: string): s
   }
   this.log.warn(
     `Wrong network speed param '${networkSpeed}', using default: ${this.adb.NETWORK_SPEED.FULL}. ` +
-      `Supported values: ${_.values(this.adb.NETWORK_SPEED)}`,
+      `Supported values: ${Object.values(this.adb.NETWORK_SPEED)}`,
   );
   return this.adb.NETWORK_SPEED.FULL;
 }
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ export function prepareAvdArgs(this: AndroidDriver): string[] {
   const {networkSpeed, isHeadless, avdArgs} = this.opts;
   const result: string[] = [];
   if (avdArgs) {
-    if (_.isArray(avdArgs)) {
+    if (Array.isArray(avdArgs)) {
       result.push(...avdArgs);
     } else {
       result.push(...util.shellParse(`${avdArgs}`));

package/lib/commands/deviceidle.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import {errors} from 'appium/driver';
-import _ from 'lodash';
 import type {AndroidDriver} from '../driver';
 
 const SUPPORTED_ACTIONS = ['whitelistAdd', 'whitelistRemove'] as const;
@@ -20,11 +19,11 @@ export async function mobileDeviceidle(
   action: (typeof SUPPORTED_ACTIONS)[number],
   packages?: string | string[],
 ): Promise<void> {
-  if (!(_.isString(packages) || _.isArray(packages))) {
+  if (!(typeof packages === 'string' || Array.isArray(packages))) {
     throw new errors.InvalidArgumentError(`packages argument must be a string or an array`);
   }
 
-  const packagesArr = _.isArray(packages) ? packages : [packages];
+  const packagesArr = Array.isArray(packages) ? packages : [packages];
   const commonArgs = ['dumpsys', 'deviceidle', 'whitelist'];
   let argsGenerator: (pkg: string) => string[];
   switch (action) {

package/lib/commands/execute.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import _ from 'lodash';
 import {errors, PROTOCOLS} from 'appium/driver';
 import {util} from '@appium/support';
 import type {StringRecord, Element} from '@appium/types';
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ export async function execute(
   script: string,
   args?: ExecuteMethodArgs,
 ): Promise<any> {
-  if (_.startsWith(script, EXECUTE_SCRIPT_PREFIX)) {
+  if (script?.startsWith(EXECUTE_SCRIPT_PREFIX)) {
     const formattedScript = script.trim().replace(/^mobile:\s*/, `${EXECUTE_SCRIPT_PREFIX} `);
     const executeMethodArgs = preprocessExecuteMethodArgs(args);
     return await this.executeMethod(formattedScript, [executeMethodArgs]);
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ export async function execute(
  * @returns Preprocessed arguments as a StringRecord.
  */
 function preprocessExecuteMethodArgs(args?: ExecuteMethodArgs): StringRecord {
-  const executeMethodArgs = (_.isArray(args) ? _.first(args) : args) ?? ({} as StringRecord);
+  const executeMethodArgs = (Array.isArray(args) ? args[0] : args) ?? ({} as StringRecord);
 
   /**
    * Renames the deprecated `element` key to `elementId`.  Historically,

package/lib/commands/file-actions.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import _ from 'lodash';
 import {fs, util, zip, tempDir} from '@appium/support';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import {errors} from 'appium/driver';
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ export async function pushFile(
   }
   const localFile = await tempDir.path({prefix: 'appium', suffix: '.tmp'});
   let base64String: string;
-  if (_.isArray(base64Data)) {
+  if (Array.isArray(base64Data)) {
     // some clients (ahem) java, send a byte array encoding utf8 characters
     // instead of a string, which would be infinitely better!
     base64String = Buffer.from(base64Data).toString('utf8');
@@ -327,7 +326,7 @@ function createFSTests(adb: ADB) {
     const checkCmd = `[ -${op} '${escapePath(p)}' ] && echo ${passFlag}`;
     const fullCmd = runAs ? `run-as ${runAs} ${checkCmd}` : checkCmd;
     try {
-      return _.includes(await adb.shell([fullCmd]), passFlag);
+      return (await adb.shell([fullCmd])).includes(passFlag);
     } catch {
       return false;
     }

package/lib/commands/find.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars */
-
-import _ from 'lodash';
 import {errors, isErrorType} from 'appium/driver';
 import type {AndroidDriver} from '../driver';
 import type {Element} from '@appium/types';
 import type {FindElementOpts} from './types';
+import {util} from '@appium/support';
 
 /**
  * @param strategy The element location strategy to use (e.g., 'id', 'xpath', 'class name').
@@ -70,7 +68,7 @@ export async function findElOrEls(
     }
 
     // we want to return false if we want to potentially try again
-    return !_.isEmpty(element);
+    return !util.isEmpty(element);
   };
 
   try {
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ export async function findElOrEls(
   if (mult) {
     return element as Element[];
   }
-  if (_.isEmpty(element)) {
+  if (util.isEmpty(element)) {
     throw new errors.NoSuchElementError();
   }
   return element as Element;
@@ -109,5 +107,6 @@ export async function doFindElementOrEls(
   this: AndroidDriver,
   params: FindElementOpts,
 ): Promise<Element | Element[]> {
+  void params;
   throw new errors.NotImplementedError('Not implemented');
 }

package/lib/commands/geolocation.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import _ from 'lodash';
 import {asyncmap} from 'asyncbox';
 import {fs, tempDir} from '@appium/support';
 import path from 'node:path';
@@ -208,10 +207,10 @@ async function resetMockLocation(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<void> {
         pkgIds = JSON.parse(await this.adb.shell(['cat', MOCK_APP_IDS_STORE]));
       } catch {}
     }
-    const thirdPartyPkgIds = await thirdPartyPkgIdsPromise;
+    const thirdPartyPkgIds = new Set(await thirdPartyPkgIdsPromise);
     // Only include currently installed packages
-    const resultPkgs = _.intersection(pkgIds, thirdPartyPkgIds);
-    if (_.size(resultPkgs) <= 1) {
+    const resultPkgs = pkgIds.filter((pkg) => thirdPartyPkgIds.has(pkg));
+    if (resultPkgs.length <= 1) {
       await this.adb.shell([
         'appops',
         'set',

package/lib/commands/image-injection.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import {errors} from 'appium/driver';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import {fs, tempDir} from '@appium/support';
 import crypto from 'node:crypto';
-import _ from 'lodash';
 import type {AndroidDriver} from '../driver';
 
 const EMULATOR_RESOURCES_ROOT = ['emulator', 'resources'];
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ export async function mobileInjectEmulatorCameraImage(
     throw new Error('The image injection feature is only available on emulators');
   }
 
-  if (!_.isString(payload) || _.size(payload) <= PNG_MAGIC_LENGTH) {
+  if (typeof payload !== 'string' || payload.length <= PNG_MAGIC_LENGTH) {
     throw new errors.InvalidArgumentError(
       `You must provide a valid base64-encoded .PNG data as the 'payload' argument`,
     );

package/lib/commands/intent.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import _ from 'lodash';
 import {errors} from 'appium/driver';
 import {util} from '@appium/support';
 import type {AndroidDriver} from '../driver';
@@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ export async function mobileStartActivity(
   flags?: string,
 ): Promise<string> {
   const cmd = ['am', 'start-activity'];
-  if (!_.isNil(user)) {
+  if (util.hasValue(user)) {
     cmd.push('--user', String(user));
   }
   if (wait) {
@@ -135,13 +134,13 @@ export async function mobileStartActivity(
   if (stop) {
     cmd.push('-S');
   }
-  if (!_.isNil(windowingMode)) {
+  if (util.hasValue(windowingMode)) {
     cmd.push('--windowingMode', String(windowingMode));
   }
-  if (!_.isNil(activityType)) {
+  if (util.hasValue(activityType)) {
     cmd.push('--activityType', String(activityType));
   }
-  if (!_.isNil(display)) {
+  if (util.hasValue(display)) {
     cmd.push('--display', String(display));
   }
   cmd.push(
@@ -200,7 +199,7 @@ export async function mobileBroadcast(
   flags?: string,
 ): Promise<string> {
   const cmd = ['am', 'broadcast'];
-  if (!_.isNil(user)) {
+  if (util.hasValue(user)) {
     cmd.push('--user', String(user));
   }
   if (receiverPermission) {
@@ -265,7 +264,7 @@ export async function mobileStartService(
 ): Promise<string> {
   const cmd = ['am'];
   cmd.push(foreground ? 'start-foreground-service' : 'start-service');
-  if (!_.isNil(user)) {
+  if (util.hasValue(user)) {
     cmd.push('--user', String(user));
   }
   cmd.push(
@@ -320,7 +319,7 @@ export async function mobileStopService(
   flags?: string,
 ): Promise<string> {
   const cmd = ['am', 'stop-service'];
-  if (!_.isNil(user)) {
+  if (util.hasValue(user)) {
     cmd.push('--user', String(user));
   }
   cmd.push(
@@ -366,12 +365,12 @@ function parseIntentSpec(opts: IntentOpts = {}): string[] {
   if (mimeType) {
     resultArgs.push('-t', mimeType);
   }
-  if (!_.isNil(identifier)) {
+  if (util.hasValue(identifier)) {
     resultArgs.push('-i', identifier);
   }
   if (categories) {
-    if (_.isArray(categories)) {
-      resultArgs.push(..._.flatMap(categories.map((cName) => ['-c', cName])));
+    if (Array.isArray(categories)) {
+      resultArgs.push(...categories.flatMap((cName) => ['-c', cName]));
     } else {
       resultArgs.push('-c', categories);
     }
@@ -383,11 +382,11 @@ function parseIntentSpec(opts: IntentOpts = {}): string[] {
     resultArgs.push('-p', opts.package);
   }
   if (extras) {
-    if (!_.isArray(extras)) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(extras)) {
       throw new errors.InvalidArgumentError(`'extras' must be an array`);
     }
     for (const item of extras) {
-      if (!_.isArray(item)) {
+      if (!Array.isArray(item)) {
         throw new errors.InvalidArgumentError(`Extra argument '${item}' must be an array`);
       }
       const [type, key, value] = item;
@@ -397,14 +396,14 @@ function parseIntentSpec(opts: IntentOpts = {}): string[] {
             `Supported intent argument types are: ${SUPPORTED_EXTRA_TYPES.join(', ')}`,
         );
       }
-      if (_.isEmpty(key) || (_.isString(key) && _.trim(key) === '')) {
+      if (util.isEmpty(key) || (typeof key === 'string' && key.trim() === '')) {
         throw new errors.InvalidArgumentError(
           `Extra argument's key in '${JSON.stringify(item)}' must be a valid string identifier`,
         );
       }
       if (type === NO_VALUE_ARG_TYPE) {
         resultArgs.push(`--e${type}`, key);
-      } else if (_.isUndefined(value)) {
+      } else if (value === undefined) {
         throw new errors.InvalidArgumentError(
           `Intent argument type '${type}' in '${JSON.stringify(item)}' requires a ` +
             `valid value to be provided`,

package/lib/commands/keyboard.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars */
-import _ from 'lodash';
 import {errors} from 'appium/driver';
 import {UNICODE_IME, EMPTY_IME} from 'io.appium.settings';
 import type {AndroidDriver} from '../driver';
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ export async function isKeyboardShown(this: AndroidDriver): Promise<boolean> {
  */
 export async function keys(this: AndroidDriver, keys: string | string[]): Promise<void> {
   // Protocol sends an array; rethink approach
-  const keysStr = _.isArray(keys) ? keys.join('') : keys;
+  const keysStr = Array.isArray(keys) ? keys.join('') : keys;
   await this.doSendKeys({
     text: keysStr,
     replace: false,
@@ -47,6 +45,7 @@ export async function keys(this: AndroidDriver, keys: string | string[]): Promis
  * @throws {errors.NotImplementedError} This method is not implemented.
  */
 export async function doSendKeys(this: AndroidDriver, params: SendKeysOpts): Promise<void> {
+  void params;
   throw new errors.NotImplementedError('Not implemented');
 }
 
@@ -81,6 +80,8 @@ export async function pressKeyCode(
   keycode: string | number,
   metastate?: number,
 ): Promise<void> {
+  void keycode;
+  void metastate;
   throw new errors.NotImplementedError('Not implemented');
 }
 
@@ -97,6 +98,8 @@ export async function longPressKeyCode(
   keycode: string | number,
   metastate?: number,
 ): Promise<void> {
+  void keycode;
+  void metastate;
   throw new errors.NotImplementedError('Not implemented');
 }