alchemy 0.87.0 → 0.90.0

package/src/planetscale/database-extensions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,947 @@
+import { poll } from "../util/poll.ts";
+import { extractToken, type PlanetScaleProps } from "./api.ts";
+import type { Branch } from "./branch.ts";
+import type { Database } from "./database.ts";
+
+/**
+ * Base libraries that PlanetScale always includes in shared_preload_libraries.
+ * These are managed internally and should not be toggled by users.
+ * @internal
+ */
+const BASE_LIBRARIES = ["pg_pscale_utils", "pg_readonly", "pgextwlist"];
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the pg_cron extension.
+ * Schedules and runs PostgreSQL commands inside the database.
+ */
+export interface PgCronConfig {
+  /**
+   * The database in which pg_cron metadata is kept.
+   * @default "postgres"
+   */
+  databaseName?: string;
+  /**
+   * Whether to launch active jobs when pg_cron starts.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  launchActiveJobs?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Minimum message level for pg_cron log messages.
+   * @default "warning"
+   */
+  logMinMessages?: "error" | "warning" | "notice" | "info" | "log" | "debug";
+  /**
+   * Whether to log each job run into the job_run_details table.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  logRun?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Whether to log the SQL statement of each job.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  logStatement?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Maximum number of concurrently running jobs.
+   * @default 1
+   */
+  maxRunningJobs?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the pg_duckdb extension.
+ * Embeds DuckDB inside PostgreSQL for analytical queries.
+ */
+export interface PgDuckdbConfig {
+  /**
+   * The PostgreSQL role used by DuckDB.
+   * @default "pscale_superuser"
+   */
+  postgresRole?: string;
+  /**
+   * Memory limit for DuckDB. 0 means unlimited.
+   * @default "0"
+   */
+  memoryLimit?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the pg_hint_plan extension.
+ * Controls query execution plans using hints in SQL comments.
+ */
+export interface PgHintPlanConfig {
+  /**
+   * Whether to enable hint processing.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableHint?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Whether to enable the hint table feature.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  enableHintTable?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Message level for hint parsing messages.
+   * @default "info"
+   */
+  parseMessages?: "error" | "warning" | "notice" | "info" | "log" | "debug";
+  /**
+   * Controls debug output of query plans.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  debugPrint?: "off" | "on" | "detailed" | "verbose";
+  /**
+   * Message level for debug output.
+   * @default "info"
+   */
+  messageLevel?: "error" | "warning" | "notice" | "info" | "log" | "debug";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the pg_partman background worker extension.
+ * Automates partition management for time-based and serial-based partitioning.
+ */
+export interface PgPartmanBgwConfig {
+  /**
+   * How often (in seconds) the background worker runs maintenance.
+   * @default 3600
+   */
+  interval?: number;
+  /**
+   * The database to connect to for maintenance.
+   * @default "postgres"
+   */
+  dbname?: string;
+  /**
+   * The role to use when connecting.
+   * @default "postgres"
+   */
+  role?: string;
+  /**
+   * Whether to run ANALYZE on partitions after maintenance.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  analyze?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Whether to use pg_jobmon for logging.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  jobmon?: "on" | "off";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the pg_squeeze extension.
+ * Removes dead tuples from tables with minimal locking.
+ */
+export interface PgSqueezeConfig {
+  /**
+   * Maximum time (in milliseconds) to hold an exclusive lock during processing. 0 means no limit.
+   * @default 0
+   */
+  maxXlockTime?: number;
+  /**
+   * Databases in which the squeeze worker auto-starts, comma-separated.
+   * @default "postgres"
+   */
+  workerAutostart?: string;
+  /**
+   * Number of squeeze workers per database.
+   * @default 1
+   */
+  workersPerDatabase?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the pg_stat_statements extension.
+ * Tracks planning and execution statistics of all SQL statements.
+ */
+export interface PgStatStatementsConfig {
+  /**
+   * Maximum number of statements tracked.
+   * @default 5000
+   */
+  max?: number;
+  /**
+   * Which statements to track.
+   * @default "top"
+   */
+  track?: "top" | "all";
+  /**
+   * Whether to track utility commands.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  trackUtility?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Whether to track planning statistics.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  trackPlanning?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Whether to save statistics across server restarts.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  save?: "on" | "off";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the timescaledb extension.
+ * Provides time-series data support for PostgreSQL.
+ */
+export interface TimescaledbConfig {
+  /**
+   * Log level for the background worker.
+   * @default "warning"
+   */
+  bgwLogLevel?: "error" | "warning" | "notice" | "info" | "log" | "debug";
+  /**
+   * Enable chunk append optimization.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableChunkAppend?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable chunk skipping optimization.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  enableChunkSkipping?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable constraint-aware append optimization.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableConstraintAwareAppend?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable constraint exclusion optimization.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableConstraintExclusion?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable custom hash aggregate optimization.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  enableCustomHashagg?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable deprecation warnings.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableDeprecationWarnings?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable event triggers.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  enableEventTriggers?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable foreign key propagation.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableForeignKeyPropagation?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable logging of job execution.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  enableJobExecutionLogging?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable now() constification.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableNowConstify?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable query optimizations.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableOptimizations?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable ordered append optimization.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableOrderedAppend?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable parallel chunk append optimization.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableParallelChunkAppend?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable qual propagation optimization.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableQualPropagation?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable runtime exclusion optimization.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableRuntimeExclusion?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable tiered reads.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableTieredReads?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Enable TSS callbacks.
+   * @default "on"
+   */
+  enableTssCallbacks?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Maximum number of cached chunks per hypertable.
+   * @default 1024
+   */
+  maxCachedChunksPerHypertable?: number;
+  /**
+   * Maximum number of open chunks per insert.
+   * @default 1024
+   */
+  maxOpenChunksPerInsert?: number;
+  /**
+   * Whether the database is being restored from a backup.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  restoring?: "on" | "off";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the pgvector extension.
+ * Provides vector similarity search for PostgreSQL.
+ */
+export interface PgvectorConfig {
+  /**
+   * Size of the dynamic candidate list for HNSW search.
+   * @default 40
+   */
+  hnswEfSearch?: number;
+  /**
+   * Whether to enable iterative scan for HNSW indexes.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  hnswIterativeScan?: "off" | "relaxed_order" | "strict_order";
+  /**
+   * Maximum number of tuples to scan with HNSW iterative scan.
+   * @default 20000
+   */
+  hnswMaxScanTuples?: number;
+  /**
+   * Memory multiplier for HNSW scans.
+   * @default 1
+   */
+  hnswScanMemMultiplier?: number;
+  /**
+   * Number of probes for IVFFlat index search.
+   * @default 1
+   */
+  ivfflatProbes?: number;
+  /**
+   * Whether to enable iterative scan for IVFFlat indexes.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  ivfflatIterativeScan?: "off" | "relaxed_order" | "strict_order";
+  /**
+   * Maximum number of probes for IVFFlat iterative scan.
+   * @default 32768
+   */
+  ivfflatMaxProbes?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the pginsights extension.
+ * Provides query performance insights.
+ */
+export interface PgInsightsConfig {
+  /**
+   * Whether to collect raw (un-normalized) queries.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  rawQueries?: "on" | "off";
+  /**
+   * Whether to normalize schema names in queries.
+   * @default "off"
+   */
+  normalizeSchemaNames?: "on" | "off";
+}
+
+/**
+ * PostgreSQL database extensions configuration.
+ *
+ * Each property represents an extension. If present (even as `{}`), the extension
+ * is enabled with the given config (or defaults). If absent/undefined, the extension
+ * is disabled.
+ */
+export interface DatabaseExtensions {
+  /**
+   * pg_cron - Job scheduler for PostgreSQL.
+   * Schedules and runs PostgreSQL commands on a recurring basis.
+   */
+  pgCron?: PgCronConfig;
+  /**
+   * pg_duckdb - Embedded DuckDB for analytical queries.
+   */
+  pgDuckdb?: PgDuckdbConfig;
+  /**
+   * pg_hint_plan - Query plan hints.
+   * Controls execution plans using hints in SQL comments.
+   */
+  pgHintPlan?: PgHintPlanConfig;
+  /**
+   * pg_partman (background worker) - Partition management automation.
+   */
+  pgPartmanBgw?: PgPartmanBgwConfig;
+  /**
+   * pg_squeeze - Dead tuple removal with minimal locking.
+   */
+  pgSqueeze?: PgSqueezeConfig;
+  /**
+   * pg_stat_statements - Query execution statistics tracking.
+   */
+  pgStatStatements?: PgStatStatementsConfig;
+  /**
+   * pg_strict - Stricter SQL behavior for PostgreSQL.
+   * This extension has no configurable parameters.
+   */
+  pgStrict?: Record<string, never>;
+  /**
+   * timescaledb - Time-series data support.
+   */
+  timescaledb?: TimescaledbConfig;
+  /**
+   * pgvector - Vector similarity search.
+   */
+  vector?: PgvectorConfig;
+  /**
+   * pginsights - Query performance insights.
+   */
+  pgInsights?: PgInsightsConfig;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A single change within an extensions diff: add, remove, or update.
+ * @internal
+ */
+export interface ExtensionDiffEntry {
+  /**
+   * The shared_preload_libraries name (e.g. "pg_cron", "vector").
+   */
+  library: string;
+  /**
+   * "add" = extension is being enabled,
+   * "remove" = extension is being disabled,
+   * "update" = extension params changed (stays enabled).
+   */
+  action: "add" | "remove" | "update";
+  /**
+   * The pgconf parameter key-value pairs to send for this extension.
+   * Empty for "remove" actions.
+   */
+  params: Record<string, string>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Result of diffing two DatabaseExtensions objects.
+ * @internal
+ */
+export interface ExtensionsDiff {
+  /**
+   * Individual changes per extension.
+   */
+  changes: ExtensionDiffEntry[];
+  /**
+   * True if there are any changes at all.
+   */
+  hasChanges: boolean;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Mapping from our camelCase config keys to the pgconf parameter names
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** @internal */
+interface ParamMapping {
+  library: string;
+  params: Record<string, string>;
+}
+
+function mapPgCron(config: PgCronConfig): ParamMapping {
+  return {
+    library: "pg_cron",
+    params: {
+      "cron.database_name": config.databaseName ?? "postgres",
+      "cron.launch_active_jobs": config.launchActiveJobs ?? "on",
+      "cron.log_min_messages": config.logMinMessages ?? "warning",
+      "cron.log_run": config.logRun ?? "on",
+      "cron.log_statement": config.logStatement ?? "on",
+      "cron.max_running_jobs": String(config.maxRunningJobs ?? 1),
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function mapPgDuckdb(config: PgDuckdbConfig): ParamMapping {
+  return {
+    library: "pg_duckdb",
+    params: {
+      "duckdb.postgres_role": config.postgresRole ?? "pscale_superuser",
+      "duckdb.memory_limit": config.memoryLimit ?? "0",
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function mapPgHintPlan(config: PgHintPlanConfig): ParamMapping {
+  return {
+    library: "pg_hint_plan",
+    params: {
+      "pg_hint_plan.enable_hint": config.enableHint ?? "on",
+      "pg_hint_plan.enable_hint_table": config.enableHintTable ?? "off",
+      "pg_hint_plan.parse_messages": config.parseMessages ?? "info",
+      "pg_hint_plan.debug_print": config.debugPrint ?? "off",
+      "pg_hint_plan.message_level": config.messageLevel ?? "info",
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function mapPgPartmanBgw(config: PgPartmanBgwConfig): ParamMapping {
+  return {
+    library: "pg_partman_bgw",
+    params: {
+      "pg_partman_bgw.interval": String(config.interval ?? 3600),
+      "pg_partman_bgw.dbname": config.dbname ?? "postgres",
+      "pg_partman_bgw.role": config.role ?? "postgres",
+      "pg_partman_bgw.analyze": config.analyze ?? "off",
+      "pg_partman_bgw.jobmon": config.jobmon ?? "on",
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function mapPgSqueeze(config: PgSqueezeConfig): ParamMapping {
+  return {
+    library: "pg_squeeze",
+    params: {
+      "squeeze.max_xlock_time": String(config.maxXlockTime ?? 0),
+      "squeeze.worker_autostart": config.workerAutostart ?? "postgres",
+      "squeeze.workers_per_database": String(config.workersPerDatabase ?? 1),
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function mapPgStatStatements(config: PgStatStatementsConfig): ParamMapping {
+  return {
+    library: "pg_stat_statements",
+    params: {
+      "pg_stat_statements.max": String(config.max ?? 5000),
+      "pg_stat_statements.track": config.track ?? "top",
+      "pg_stat_statements.track_utility": config.trackUtility ?? "on",
+      "pg_stat_statements.track_planning": config.trackPlanning ?? "off",
+      "pg_stat_statements.save": config.save ?? "on",
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function mapTimescaledb(config: TimescaledbConfig): ParamMapping {
+  return {
+    library: "timescaledb",
+    params: {
+      "timescaledb.bgw_log_level": config.bgwLogLevel ?? "warning",
+      "timescaledb.enable_chunk_append": config.enableChunkAppend ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.enable_chunk_skipping": config.enableChunkSkipping ?? "off",
+      "timescaledb.enable_constraint_aware_append":
+        config.enableConstraintAwareAppend ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.enable_constraint_exclusion":
+        config.enableConstraintExclusion ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.enable_custom_hashagg": config.enableCustomHashagg ?? "off",
+      "timescaledb.enable_deprecation_warnings":
+        config.enableDeprecationWarnings ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.enable_event_triggers": config.enableEventTriggers ?? "off",
+      "timescaledb.enable_foreign_key_propagation":
+        config.enableForeignKeyPropagation ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.enable_job_execution_logging":
+        config.enableJobExecutionLogging ?? "off",
+      "timescaledb.enable_now_constify": config.enableNowConstify ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.enable_optimizations": config.enableOptimizations ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.enable_ordered_append": config.enableOrderedAppend ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.enable_parallel_chunk_append":
+        config.enableParallelChunkAppend ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.enable_qual_propagation":
+        config.enableQualPropagation ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.enable_runtime_exclusion":
+        config.enableRuntimeExclusion ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.enable_tiered_reads": config.enableTieredReads ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.enable_tss_callbacks": config.enableTssCallbacks ?? "on",
+      "timescaledb.max_cached_chunks_per_hypertable": String(
+        config.maxCachedChunksPerHypertable ?? 1024,
+      ),
+      "timescaledb.max_open_chunks_per_insert": String(
+        config.maxOpenChunksPerInsert ?? 1024,
+      ),
+      "timescaledb.restoring": config.restoring ?? "off",
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function mapVector(config: PgvectorConfig): ParamMapping {
+  return {
+    library: "vector",
+    params: {
+      "hnsw.ef_search": String(config.hnswEfSearch ?? 40),
+      "hnsw.iterative_scan": config.hnswIterativeScan ?? "off",
+      "hnsw.max_scan_tuples": String(config.hnswMaxScanTuples ?? 20000),
+      "hnsw.scan_mem_multiplier": String(config.hnswScanMemMultiplier ?? 1),
+      "ivfflat.probes": String(config.ivfflatProbes ?? 1),
+      "ivfflat.iterative_scan": config.ivfflatIterativeScan ?? "off",
+      "ivfflat.max_probes": String(config.ivfflatMaxProbes ?? 32768),
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function mapPgInsights(config: PgInsightsConfig): ParamMapping {
+  return {
+    library: "pginsights",
+    params: {
+      "pginsights.raw_queries": config.rawQueries ?? "off",
+      "pginsights.normalize_schema_names": config.normalizeSchemaNames ?? "off",
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts a DatabaseExtensions object into a map of library name -> pgconf params.
+ * Only includes extensions that are present (enabled).
+ * @internal
+ */
+export function extensionsToParamMappings(
+  extensions: DatabaseExtensions,
+): Map<string, Record<string, string>> {
+  const mappings = new Map<string, Record<string, string>>();
+
+  if (extensions.pgCron !== undefined) {
+    const m = mapPgCron(extensions.pgCron);
+    mappings.set(m.library, m.params);
+  }
+  if (extensions.pgDuckdb !== undefined) {
+    const m = mapPgDuckdb(extensions.pgDuckdb);
+    mappings.set(m.library, m.params);
+  }
+  if (extensions.pgHintPlan !== undefined) {
+    const m = mapPgHintPlan(extensions.pgHintPlan);
+    mappings.set(m.library, m.params);
+  }
+  if (extensions.pgPartmanBgw !== undefined) {
+    const m = mapPgPartmanBgw(extensions.pgPartmanBgw);
+    mappings.set(m.library, m.params);
+  }
+  if (extensions.pgSqueeze !== undefined) {
+    const m = mapPgSqueeze(extensions.pgSqueeze);
+    mappings.set(m.library, m.params);
+  }
+  if (extensions.pgStatStatements !== undefined) {
+    const m = mapPgStatStatements(extensions.pgStatStatements);
+    mappings.set(m.library, m.params);
+  }
+  if (extensions.pgStrict !== undefined) {
+    mappings.set("pg_strict", {});
+  }
+  if (extensions.timescaledb !== undefined) {
+    const m = mapTimescaledb(extensions.timescaledb);
+    mappings.set(m.library, m.params);
+  }
+  if (extensions.vector !== undefined) {
+    const m = mapVector(extensions.vector);
+    mappings.set(m.library, m.params);
+  }
+  if (extensions.pgInsights !== undefined) {
+    const m = mapPgInsights(extensions.pgInsights);
+    mappings.set(m.library, m.params);
+  }
+
+  return mappings;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Computes the diff between two extension configurations.
+ *
+ * @param current - The currently active extensions (or `undefined`/`{}` if none)
+ * @param desired - The desired extensions configuration
+ * @returns An ExtensionsDiff describing what needs to change
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * const diff = diffExtensions(
+ *   { pgCron: { maxRunningJobs: 1 } },
+ *   { pgCron: { maxRunningJobs: 5 }, vector: {} },
+ * );
+ * // diff.changes = [
+ * //   { library: "pg_cron", action: "update", params: { "cron.max_running_jobs": "5" } },
+ * //   { library: "vector", action: "add", params: {} },
+ * // ]
+ * ```
+ */
+export function diffExtensions(
+  current: DatabaseExtensions | undefined,
+  desired: DatabaseExtensions | undefined,
+): ExtensionsDiff {
+  const currentMappings = extensionsToParamMappings(current ?? {});
+  const desiredMappings = extensionsToParamMappings(desired ?? {});
+
+  const changes: ExtensionDiffEntry[] = [];
+
+  // Find additions and updates
+  for (const [library, desiredParams] of desiredMappings) {
+    const currentParams = currentMappings.get(library);
+    if (!currentParams) {
+      // Extension is being added
+      changes.push({ library, action: "add", params: desiredParams });
+    } else {
+      // Extension exists — check if params changed
+      const paramsChanged =
+        JSON.stringify(sortedEntries(currentParams)) !==
+        JSON.stringify(sortedEntries(desiredParams));
+      if (paramsChanged) {
+        changes.push({ library, action: "update", params: desiredParams });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Find removals
+  for (const [library] of currentMappings) {
+    if (!desiredMappings.has(library)) {
+      changes.push({ library, action: "remove", params: {} });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    changes,
+    hasChanges: changes.length > 0,
+  };
+}
+
+function sortedEntries(obj: Record<string, string>): [string, string][] {
+  return Object.entries(obj).sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// API interaction — reverse-engineered from PlanetScale dashboard HAR captures
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Options for updating database extensions.
+ */
+export interface UpdateExtensionsOptions extends PlanetScaleProps {
+  /**
+   * The organization name.
+   * @default process.env.PLANETSCALE_ORGANIZATION
+   */
+  organization?: string;
+  /**
+   * The database name or Database resource.
+   */
+  database: string | Database;
+  /**
+   * The branch name or Branch resource.
+   * @default "main"
+   */
+  branch?: string | Branch;
+  /**
+   * The base URL of the PlanetScale API.
+   * @default "https://api.planetscale.com/v1"
+   */
+  baseUrl?: string;
+}
+
+function resolveOptions(opts: UpdateExtensionsOptions): {
+  organization: string;
+  database: string;
+  branch: string;
+  baseUrl: string;
+  token: string;
+} {
+  const organization =
+    opts.organization ??
+    (typeof opts.database !== "string"
+      ? opts.database.organization
+      : undefined) ??
+    process.env.PLANETSCALE_ORGANIZATION ??
+    process.env.PLANETSCALE_ORG_ID;
+
+  if (!organization) {
+    throw new Error(
+      "PlanetScale organization is required. Please set the `organization` property or the `PLANETSCALE_ORGANIZATION` environment variable.",
+    );
+  }
+
+  const database =
+    typeof opts.database === "string" ? opts.database : opts.database.name;
+  const branch = !opts.branch
+    ? "main"
+    : typeof opts.branch === "string"
+      ? opts.branch
+      : opts.branch.name;
+  const baseUrl = opts.baseUrl ?? "https://api.planetscale.com/v1";
+  const token = extractToken(opts);
+
+  return { organization, database, branch, baseUrl, token };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds the multipart/form-data body for a change request that sets extensions.
+ *
+ * The API expects:
+ * - `_method=PATCH`
+ * - `queued=1` (for queue phase) or `update=1` (for apply phase)
+ * - `parameters[pgconf][shared_preload_libraries][]` repeated for each library
+ * - `parameters[pgconf][<param.name>]=<param.value>` for each config param
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+function buildExtensionFormData(
+  desired: DatabaseExtensions,
+  phase: "queue" | "apply",
+): FormData {
+  const form = new FormData();
+  form.append("_method", "PATCH");
+
+  if (phase === "apply") {
+    form.append("update", "1");
+    return form;
+  }
+
+  // Queue phase — include all libraries and params
+  form.append("queued", "1");
+
+  const mappings = extensionsToParamMappings(desired);
+
+  // Always include base libraries
+  for (const lib of BASE_LIBRARIES) {
+    form.append("parameters[pgconf][shared_preload_libraries][]", lib);
+  }
+
+  // Include pginsights in base libraries if it has config, otherwise include as base
+  const hasPgInsights = mappings.has("pginsights");
+  if (!hasPgInsights) {
+    // pginsights is always loaded; if user didn't explicitly configure it, include with defaults off
+    form.append("parameters[pgconf][shared_preload_libraries][]", "pginsights");
+    form.append("parameters[pgconf][pginsights.raw_queries]", "off");
+    form.append("parameters[pgconf][pginsights.normalize_schema_names]", "off");
+  }
+
+  // Add user-requested extensions
+  for (const [library, params] of mappings) {
+    form.append("parameters[pgconf][shared_preload_libraries][]", library);
+
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(params)) {
+      form.append(`parameters[pgconf][${key}]`, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return form;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Updates the PostgreSQL extensions on a PlanetScale database branch.
+ *
+ * Uses the reverse-engineered two-phase change request API:
+ * 1. **Queue** — submits a change request with the desired extension config
+ * 2. **Apply** — triggers execution of the queued change
+ * 3. **Poll** — waits for the change to complete
+ *
+ * @param desired - The desired extension configuration. Extensions present are enabled;
+ *                  extensions absent are disabled.
+ * @param options - Connection and targeting options.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ## Enable pgvector and pg_cron
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * await updateExtensions(
+ *   {
+ *     vector: { hnswEfSearch: 100 },
+ *     pgCron: {},
+ *   },
+ *   {
+ *     organization: "my-org",
+ *     database: "my-db",
+ *     branch: "main",
+ *   },
+ * );
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ## Disable all user extensions
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * await updateExtensions({}, {
+ *   organization: "my-org",
+ *   database: "my-db",
+ * });
+ * ```
+ */
+export async function updateExtensions(
+  desired: DatabaseExtensions,
+  options: UpdateExtensionsOptions,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const { organization, database, branch, baseUrl, token } =
+    resolveOptions(options);
+
+  const changesUrl = `${baseUrl}/organizations/${organization}/databases/${database}/branches/${branch}/changes`;
+
+  // Wait for any in-flight changes to complete before submitting ours
+  await waitForPendingChanges(changesUrl, token);
+
+  // Phase 1: Queue the change
+  const queueForm = buildExtensionFormData(desired, "queue");
+  const queueResponse = await fetch(changesUrl, {
+    method: "POST",
+    headers: {
+      Authorization: token,
+    },
+    body: queueForm,
+  });
+
+  if (!queueResponse.ok) {
+    const errorBody = await queueResponse.text();
+    throw new Error(
+      `Failed to queue extension change (${queueResponse.status}): ${errorBody}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Phase 2: Apply the change
+  const applyForm = buildExtensionFormData(desired, "apply");
+  const applyResponse = await fetch(changesUrl, {
+    method: "POST",
+    headers: {
+      Authorization: token,
+    },
+    body: applyForm,
+  });
+
+  if (!applyResponse.ok) {
+    const errorBody = await applyResponse.text();
+    throw new Error(
+      `Failed to apply extension change (${applyResponse.status}): ${errorBody}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Phase 3: Poll until the change is completed
+  await waitForPendingChanges(changesUrl, token);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Polls the changes endpoint until all changes are completed or canceled.
+ * @internal
+ */
+async function waitForPendingChanges(
+  changesUrl: string,
+  token: string,
+): Promise<void> {
+  await poll({
+    description: "extension changes to complete",
+    fn: async () => {
+      const response = await fetch(`${changesUrl}?per_page=1`, {
+        headers: { Authorization: token },
+      });
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Failed to poll change status (${response.status}): ${await response.text()}`,
+        );
+      }
+      const data = (await response.json()) as {
+        data: Array<{ state: string; id: string }>;
+      };
+      return data;
+    },
+    predicate: (result) => {
+      if (result.data.length === 0) return true;
+      const latest = result.data[0];
+      return latest.state === "completed" || latest.state === "canceled";
+    },
+  });
+}