agent-skill-manager 1.20.0 → 1.22.0

package/node_modules/cpu-features/deps/cpu_features/src/impl_x86__base_implementation.inl

@@ -0,0 +1,2055 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+// Copyright 2020 Intel Corporation
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// A note on x86 SIMD instructions availability
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// A number of conditions need to be met for an application to use SIMD
+// instructions:
+// 1. The CPU itself must support the instruction.
+// - we use `CPUID` to check whether the feature is supported.
+// 2. The OS must save and restore the associated SIMD register across context
+//    switches, we check that:
+// - the CPU reports supporting hardware context switching instructions via
+//   CPUID.1:ECX.XSAVE[bit 26]
+// - the OS reports supporting hardware context switching instructions via
+//   CPUID.1:ECX.OSXSAVE[bit 27]
+// - the CPU extended control register 0 (XCR0) is set to save and restore the
+//   needed SIMD registers
+//
+// Note that if `XSAVE`/`OSXSAVE` are missing, we delegate the detection to the
+// OS via the `DetectFeaturesFromOs` function or via microarchitecture
+// heuristics.
+//
+// Encoding
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// X86Info contains fields such as vendor and brand_string that are ASCII
+// encoded strings. `vendor` length of characters is 13 and `brand_string` is 49
+// (with null terminated string). We use CPUID.1:E[D,C,B]X to get `vendor` and
+// CPUID.8000_000[4:2]:E[D,C,B,A]X to get `brand_string`
+//
+// Microarchitecture
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// `GetX86Microarchitecture` function consists of check on vendor via
+// `IsVendorByX86Info`. We use `CPUID(family, model)` to define the vendor's
+//  microarchitecture. In cases where the `family` and `model` is the same for
+//  several microarchitectures we do a stepping check or in the worst case we
+//  rely on parsing brand_string (see HasSecondFMA for an example). Details of
+//  identification by `brand_string` can be found by reference:
+//  https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/cascade_lake
+//  https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/processors/processor-numbers.html
+
+// CacheInfo X86
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// We use the CacheInfo struct to store information about cache levels. The
+// maximum number of levels is hardcoded but can be increased if needed. We have
+// full support of cache identification for the following processors:
+// • Intel:
+//    ◦ modern processors:
+//        we use `ParseCacheInfo` function with `leaf_id` 0x00000004.
+//    ◦ old processors:
+//        we parse descriptors via `GetCacheLevelInfo`, see Application Note
+//        485: Intel Processor Identification and CPUID Instruction.
+// • AMD:
+//    ◦ modern processors:
+//        we use `ParseCacheInfo` function with `leaf_id` 0x8000001D.
+//    ◦ old processors:
+//        we parse cache info using Fn8000_0005_E[A,B,C,D]X and
+//        Fn8000_0006_E[A,B,C,D]X. See AMD CPUID Specification:
+//        https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf.
+// • Hygon:
+//    we reuse AMD cache detection implementation.
+// • Zhaoxin:
+//    we reuse Intel cache detection implementation.
+//
+// Internal structures
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// We use internal structures such as `Leaves` and `OsPreserves` to cache the
+// result of cpuid info and support of registers, since latency of CPUID
+// instruction is around ~100 cycles, see
+// https://www.agner.org/optimize/instruction_tables.pdf. Hence, we use
+// `ReadLeaves` function for `GetX86Info`, `GetCacheInfo` and
+// `FillX86BrandString` to read leaves and hold these values to avoid redundant
+// call on the same leaf.
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "copy.inl"
+#include "cpuinfo_x86.h"
+#include "equals.inl"
+#include "internal/bit_utils.h"
+#include "internal/cpuid_x86.h"
+
+#if !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86)
+#error "Cannot compile cpuinfo_x86 on a non x86 platform."
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Definitions for CpuId and GetXCR0Eax.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_CPUID_X86)
+// Implementation will be provided by test/cpuinfo_x86_test.cc.
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_CLANG) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_GCC)
+
+#include <cpuid.h>
+
+Leaf GetCpuidLeaf(uint32_t leaf_id, int ecx) {
+  Leaf leaf;
+  __cpuid_count(leaf_id, ecx, leaf.eax, leaf.ebx, leaf.ecx, leaf.edx);
+  return leaf;
+}
+
+uint32_t GetXCR0Eax(void) {
+  uint32_t eax, edx;
+  /* named form of xgetbv not supported on OSX, so must use byte form, see:
+     https://github.com/asmjit/asmjit/issues/78
+   */
+  __asm(".byte 0x0F, 0x01, 0xd0" : "=a"(eax), "=d"(edx) : "c"(0));
+  return eax;
+}
+
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_MSC)
+
+#include <immintrin.h>
+#include <intrin.h>  // For __cpuidex()
+
+Leaf GetCpuidLeaf(uint32_t leaf_id, int ecx) {
+  Leaf leaf;
+  int data[4];
+  __cpuidex(data, leaf_id, ecx);
+  leaf.eax = data[0];
+  leaf.ebx = data[1];
+  leaf.ecx = data[2];
+  leaf.edx = data[3];
+  return leaf;
+}
+
+uint32_t GetXCR0Eax(void) { return (uint32_t)_xgetbv(0); }
+
+#else
+#error "Unsupported compiler, x86 cpuid requires either GCC, Clang or MSVC."
+#endif
+
+static const Leaf kEmptyLeaf;
+
+static Leaf SafeCpuIdEx(uint32_t max_cpuid_leaf, uint32_t leaf_id, int ecx) {
+  if (leaf_id <= max_cpuid_leaf) {
+    return GetCpuidLeaf(leaf_id, ecx);
+  } else {
+    return kEmptyLeaf;
+  }
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint32_t max_cpuid_leaf;
+  Leaf leaf_0;    // Root
+  Leaf leaf_1;    // Family, Model, Stepping
+  Leaf leaf_2;    // Intel cache info + features
+  Leaf leaf_7;    // Features
+  Leaf leaf_7_1;  // Features
+  uint32_t max_cpuid_leaf_ext;
+  Leaf leaf_80000000;  // Root for extended leaves
+  Leaf leaf_80000001;  // AMD features features and cache
+  Leaf leaf_80000002;  // brand string
+  Leaf leaf_80000003;  // brand string
+  Leaf leaf_80000004;  // brand string
+} Leaves;
+
+static Leaves ReadLeaves(void) {
+  const Leaf leaf_0 = GetCpuidLeaf(0, 0);
+  const uint32_t max_cpuid_leaf = leaf_0.eax;
+  const Leaf leaf_80000000 = GetCpuidLeaf(0x80000000, 0);
+  const uint32_t max_cpuid_leaf_ext = leaf_80000000.eax;
+  return (Leaves){
+      .max_cpuid_leaf = max_cpuid_leaf,
+      .leaf_0 = leaf_0,
+      .leaf_1 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf, 0x00000001, 0),
+      .leaf_2 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf, 0x00000002, 0),
+      .leaf_7 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf, 0x00000007, 0),
+      .leaf_7_1 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf, 0x00000007, 1),
+      .max_cpuid_leaf_ext = max_cpuid_leaf_ext,
+      .leaf_80000000 = leaf_80000000,
+      .leaf_80000001 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf_ext, 0x80000001, 0),
+      .leaf_80000002 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf_ext, 0x80000002, 0),
+      .leaf_80000003 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf_ext, 0x80000003, 0),
+      .leaf_80000004 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf_ext, 0x80000004, 0),
+  };
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// OS support
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#define MASK_XMM 0x2
+#define MASK_YMM 0x4
+#define MASK_MASKREG 0x20
+#define MASK_ZMM0_15 0x40
+#define MASK_ZMM16_31 0x80
+#define MASK_XTILECFG 0x20000
+#define MASK_XTILEDATA 0x40000
+
+static bool HasMask(uint32_t value, uint32_t mask) {
+  return (value & mask) == mask;
+}
+
+// Checks that operating system saves and restores xmm registers during context
+// switches.
+static bool HasXmmOsXSave(uint32_t xcr0_eax) {
+  return HasMask(xcr0_eax, MASK_XMM);
+}
+
+// Checks that operating system saves and restores ymm registers during context
+// switches.
+static bool HasYmmOsXSave(uint32_t xcr0_eax) {
+  return HasMask(xcr0_eax, MASK_XMM | MASK_YMM);
+}
+
+// Checks that operating system saves and restores zmm registers during context
+// switches.
+static bool HasZmmOsXSave(uint32_t xcr0_eax) {
+  return HasMask(xcr0_eax, MASK_XMM | MASK_YMM | MASK_MASKREG | MASK_ZMM0_15 |
+                               MASK_ZMM16_31);
+}
+
+// Checks that operating system saves and restores AMX/TMUL state during context
+// switches.
+static bool HasTmmOsXSave(uint32_t xcr0_eax) {
+  return HasMask(xcr0_eax, MASK_XMM | MASK_YMM | MASK_MASKREG | MASK_ZMM0_15 |
+                               MASK_ZMM16_31 | MASK_XTILECFG | MASK_XTILEDATA);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Vendor
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static void SetVendor(const Leaf leaf, char* const vendor) {
+  *(uint32_t*)(vendor) = leaf.ebx;
+  *(uint32_t*)(vendor + 4) = leaf.edx;
+  *(uint32_t*)(vendor + 8) = leaf.ecx;
+  vendor[12] = '\0';
+}
+
+static int IsVendor(const Leaf leaf, const char* const name) {
+  const uint32_t ebx = *(const uint32_t*)(name);
+  const uint32_t edx = *(const uint32_t*)(name + 4);
+  const uint32_t ecx = *(const uint32_t*)(name + 8);
+  return leaf.ebx == ebx && leaf.ecx == ecx && leaf.edx == edx;
+}
+
+static int IsVendorByX86Info(const X86Info* info, const char* const name) {
+  return equals(info->vendor, name, sizeof(info->vendor));
+}
+
+// TODO: Remove when deprecation period is over,
+void FillX86BrandString(char brand_string[49]) {
+  const Leaves leaves = ReadLeaves();
+  const Leaf packed[3] = {
+      leaves.leaf_80000002,
+      leaves.leaf_80000003,
+      leaves.leaf_80000004,
+  };
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+  _Static_assert(sizeof(packed) == 48, "Leaves must be packed");
+#endif
+  copy(brand_string, (const char*)(packed), 48);
+  brand_string[48] = '\0';
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// CpuId
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static bool HasSecondFMA(const X86Info* info) {
+  // Skylake server
+  if (info->model == 0x55) {
+    // detect Xeon
+    if (info->brand_string[9] == 'X') {
+      // detect Silver or Bronze
+      if (info->brand_string[17] == 'S' || info->brand_string[17] == 'B')
+        return false;
+      // detect Gold 5_20 and below, except for Gold 53__
+      if (info->brand_string[17] == 'G' && info->brand_string[22] == '5')
+        return (
+            (info->brand_string[23] == '3') ||
+            (info->brand_string[24] == '2' && info->brand_string[25] == '2'));
+      // detect Xeon W 210x
+      if (info->brand_string[17] == 'W' && info->brand_string[21] == '0')
+        return false;
+      // detect Xeon D 2xxx
+      if (info->brand_string[17] == 'D' && info->brand_string[19] == '2' &&
+          info->brand_string[20] == '1')
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  // Cannon Lake client
+  if (info->model == 0x66) return false;
+  // Ice Lake client
+  if (info->model == 0x7d || info->model == 0x7e) return false;
+  // This is the right default...
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Internal structure to hold the OS support for vector operations.
+// Avoid to recompute them since each call to cpuid is ~100 cycles.
+typedef struct {
+  bool sse_registers;
+  bool avx_registers;
+  bool avx512_registers;
+  bool amx_registers;
+} OsPreserves;
+
+// These two functions have to be implemented by the OS, that is the file
+// including this file.
+static void OverrideOsPreserves(OsPreserves* os_preserves);
+static void DetectFeaturesFromOs(X86Info* info, X86Features* features);
+
+// Reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUID.
+static void ParseCpuId(const Leaves* leaves, X86Info* info,
+                       OsPreserves* os_preserves) {
+  const Leaf leaf_1 = leaves->leaf_1;
+  const Leaf leaf_7 = leaves->leaf_7;
+  const Leaf leaf_7_1 = leaves->leaf_7_1;
+  const Leaf leaf_80000001 = leaves->leaf_80000001;
+
+  const bool have_xsave = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 26);
+  const bool have_osxsave = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 27);
+  const bool have_xcr0 = have_xsave && have_osxsave;
+
+  const uint32_t family = ExtractBitRange(leaf_1.eax, 11, 8);
+  const uint32_t extended_family = ExtractBitRange(leaf_1.eax, 27, 20);
+  const uint32_t model = ExtractBitRange(leaf_1.eax, 7, 4);
+  const uint32_t extended_model = ExtractBitRange(leaf_1.eax, 19, 16);
+
+  X86Features* const features = &info->features;
+
+  // Fill Family, Model and Stepping.
+  info->family = extended_family + family;
+  info->model = (extended_model << 4) + model;
+  info->stepping = ExtractBitRange(leaf_1.eax, 3, 0);
+
+  // Fill Brand String.
+  const Leaf packed[3] = {
+      leaves->leaf_80000002,
+      leaves->leaf_80000003,
+      leaves->leaf_80000004,
+  };
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+  _Static_assert(sizeof(packed) == 48, "Leaves must be packed");
+#endif
+  copy(info->brand_string, (const char*)(packed), 48);
+  info->brand_string[48] = '\0';
+
+  // Fill cpu features.
+  features->fpu = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 0);
+  features->tsc = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 4);
+  features->cx8 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 8);
+  features->clfsh = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 19);
+  features->mmx = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 23);
+  features->ss = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 27);
+  features->pclmulqdq = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 1);
+  features->smx = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 6);
+  features->cx16 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 13);
+  features->dca = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 18);
+  features->movbe = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 22);
+  features->popcnt = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 23);
+  features->aes = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 25);
+  features->f16c = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 29);
+  features->rdrnd = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 30);
+  features->sgx = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 2);
+  features->bmi1 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 3);
+  features->hle = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 4);
+  features->bmi2 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 8);
+  features->erms = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 9);
+  features->rtm = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 11);
+  features->rdseed = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 18);
+  features->clflushopt = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 23);
+  features->clwb = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 24);
+  features->sha = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 29);
+  features->gfni = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 8);
+  features->vaes = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 9);
+  features->vpclmulqdq = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 10);
+  features->movdiri = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 27);
+  features->movdir64b = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 28);
+  features->fs_rep_mov = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 4);
+  features->fz_rep_movsb = IsBitSet(leaf_7_1.eax, 10);
+  features->fs_rep_stosb = IsBitSet(leaf_7_1.eax, 11);
+  features->fs_rep_cmpsb_scasb = IsBitSet(leaf_7_1.eax, 12);
+  features->adx = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 19);
+  features->lzcnt = IsBitSet(leaf_80000001.ecx, 5);
+
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // The following section is devoted to Vector Extensions.
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // CPU with AVX expose XCR0 which enables checking vector extensions OS
+  // support through cpuid.
+  if (have_xcr0) {
+    // Here we rely exclusively on cpuid for both CPU and OS support of vector
+    // extensions.
+    const uint32_t xcr0_eax = GetXCR0Eax();
+    os_preserves->sse_registers = HasXmmOsXSave(xcr0_eax);
+    os_preserves->avx_registers = HasYmmOsXSave(xcr0_eax);
+    os_preserves->avx512_registers = HasZmmOsXSave(xcr0_eax);
+    os_preserves->amx_registers = HasTmmOsXSave(xcr0_eax);
+    OverrideOsPreserves(os_preserves);
+
+    if (os_preserves->sse_registers) {
+      features->sse = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 25);
+      features->sse2 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 26);
+      features->sse3 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 0);
+      features->ssse3 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 9);
+      features->sse4_1 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 19);
+      features->sse4_2 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 20);
+    }
+    if (os_preserves->avx_registers) {
+      features->fma3 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 12);
+      features->avx = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 28);
+      features->avx_vnni = IsBitSet(leaf_7_1.eax, 4);
+      features->avx2 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 5);
+    }
+    if (os_preserves->avx512_registers) {
+      features->avx512f = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 16);
+      features->avx512cd = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 28);
+      features->avx512er = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 27);
+      features->avx512pf = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 26);
+      features->avx512bw = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 30);
+      features->avx512dq = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 17);
+      features->avx512vl = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 31);
+      features->avx512ifma = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 21);
+      features->avx512vbmi = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 1);
+      features->avx512vbmi2 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 6);
+      features->avx512vnni = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 11);
+      features->avx512bitalg = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 12);
+      features->avx512vpopcntdq = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 14);
+      features->avx512_4vnniw = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 2);
+      features->avx512_4vbmi2 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 3);
+      features->avx512_second_fma = HasSecondFMA(info);
+      features->avx512_4fmaps = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 3);
+      features->avx512_bf16 = IsBitSet(leaf_7_1.eax, 5);
+      features->avx512_vp2intersect = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 8);
+      features->avx512_fp16 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 23);
+    }
+    if (os_preserves->amx_registers) {
+      features->amx_bf16 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 22);
+      features->amx_tile = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 24);
+      features->amx_int8 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 25);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // When XCR0 is not available (Atom based or older cpus) we need to defer to
+    // the OS via custom code.
+    DetectFeaturesFromOs(info, features);
+    // Now that we have queried the OS for SSE support, we report this back to
+    // os_preserves. This is needed in case of AMD CPU's to enable testing of
+    // sse4a (See ParseExtraAMDCpuId below).
+    if (features->sse) os_preserves->sse_registers = true;
+  }
+}
+
+static void ParseExtraAMDCpuId(const Leaves* leaves, X86Info* info,
+                               OsPreserves os_preserves) {
+  const Leaf leaf_80000001 = leaves->leaf_80000001;
+
+  X86Features* const features = &info->features;
+
+  if (os_preserves.sse_registers) {
+    features->sse4a = IsBitSet(leaf_80000001.ecx, 6);
+  }
+
+  if (os_preserves.avx_registers) {
+    features->fma4 = IsBitSet(leaf_80000001.ecx, 16);
+  }
+}
+
+static const X86Info kEmptyX86Info;
+static const OsPreserves kEmptyOsPreserves;
+
+X86Info GetX86Info(void) {
+  X86Info info = kEmptyX86Info;
+  const Leaves leaves = ReadLeaves();
+  const bool is_intel =
+      IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_GENUINE_INTEL);
+  const bool is_amd =
+      IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_AUTHENTIC_AMD);
+  const bool is_hygon =
+      IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_HYGON_GENUINE);
+  const bool is_zhaoxin =
+      (IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_CENTAUR_HAULS) ||
+       IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_SHANGHAI));
+  SetVendor(leaves.leaf_0, info.vendor);
+  if (is_intel || is_amd || is_hygon || is_zhaoxin) {
+    OsPreserves os_preserves = kEmptyOsPreserves;
+    ParseCpuId(&leaves, &info, &os_preserves);
+    if (is_amd || is_hygon) {
+      ParseExtraAMDCpuId(&leaves, &info, os_preserves);
+    }
+  }
+  return info;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Microarchitecture
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#define CPUID(FAMILY, MODEL) ((((FAMILY)&0xFF) << 8) | ((MODEL)&0xFF))
+
+X86Microarchitecture GetX86Microarchitecture(const X86Info* info) {
+  if (IsVendorByX86Info(info, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_GENUINE_INTEL)) {
+    switch (CPUID(info->family, info->model)) {
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x01):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x02):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x03):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x04):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x05):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x07):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x08):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x09):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/80486
+        return INTEL_80486;
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x01):
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x02):
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x04):
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x07):
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x08):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/p5
+        return INTEL_P5;
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x09):
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x0A):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/quark
+        return INTEL_LAKEMONT;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x1C):  // Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU 230 @ 1.60GHz
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x35):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x36):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x70):  // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/atom/230
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnell_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_ATOM_BNL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x37):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x4C):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvermont
+        return INTEL_ATOM_SMT;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x5C):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldmont
+        return INTEL_ATOM_GMT;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x7A):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/goldmont_plus
+        return INTEL_ATOM_GMT_PLUS;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x8A):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x96):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x9C):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/tremont
+        return INTEL_ATOM_TMT;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x0E):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x0F):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x16):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Core_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_CORE;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x17):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x1D):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penryn_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_PNR;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x1A):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x1E):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x1F):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x2E):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_NHM;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x25):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x2C):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x2F):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmere_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_WSM;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x2A):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x2D):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridge#Models_and_steppings
+        return INTEL_SNB;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x3A):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x3E):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)#Models_and_steppings
+        return INTEL_IVB;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x3C):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x3F):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x45):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x46):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_HSW;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x3D):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x47):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x4F):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x56):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadwell_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_BDW;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x4E):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x5E):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylake_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_SKL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x55):
+        if (info->stepping >= 6 && info->stepping <= 7) {
+          // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_Lake_(microprocessor)
+          return INTEL_CCL;
+        }
+        return INTEL_SKL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x66):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon_Lake_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_CNL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x7D):  // client
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x7E):  // client
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x9D):  // NNP-I
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x6A):  // server
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x6C):  // server
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Lake_(microprocessor)
+        return INTEL_ICL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x8C):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x8D):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger_Lake_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_TGL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x8F):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire_Rapids
+        return INTEL_SPR;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x8E):
+        switch (info->stepping) {
+          case 9:
+            return INTEL_KBL;  // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaby_Lake
+          case 10:
+            return INTEL_CFL;  // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_Lake
+          case 11:
+            return INTEL_WHL;  // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiskey_Lake_(microarchitecture)
+          case 12:
+            return INTEL_CML;  // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/comet_lake
+          default:
+            return X86_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x9E):
+        if (info->stepping > 9) {
+          // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_Lake
+          return INTEL_CFL;
+        } else {
+          // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaby_Lake
+          return INTEL_KBL;
+        }
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x97):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x9A):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/alder_lake
+        return INTEL_ADL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xA5):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xA6):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/comet_lake
+        return INTEL_CML;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xA7):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/rocket_lake
+        return INTEL_RCL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xB7):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xBA):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xBF):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/raptor_lake
+        return INTEL_RPL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x85):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/knights_mill
+        return INTEL_KNIGHTS_M;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x57):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/knights_landing
+        return INTEL_KNIGHTS_L;
+      case CPUID(0x0B, 0x00):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/knights_ferry
+        return INTEL_KNIGHTS_F;
+      case CPUID(0x0B, 0x01):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/knights_corner
+        return INTEL_KNIGHTS_C;
+      case CPUID(0x0F, 0x01):
+      case CPUID(0x0F, 0x02):
+      case CPUID(0x0F, 0x03):
+      case CPUID(0x0F, 0x04):
+      case CPUID(0x0F, 0x06):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/netburst
+        return INTEL_NETBURST;
+      default:
+        return X86_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+  }
+  if (IsVendorByX86Info(info, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_CENTAUR_HAULS)) {
+    switch (CPUID(info->family, info->model)) {
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x0F):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x19):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/zhaoxin/microarchitectures/zhangjiang
+        return ZHAOXIN_ZHANGJIANG;
+      case CPUID(0x07, 0x1B):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/zhaoxin/microarchitectures/wudaokou
+        return ZHAOXIN_WUDAOKOU;
+      case CPUID(0x07, 0x3B):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/zhaoxin/microarchitectures/lujiazui
+        return ZHAOXIN_LUJIAZUI;
+      case CPUID(0x07, 0x5B):
+        return ZHAOXIN_YONGFENG;
+      default:
+        return X86_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+  }
+  if (IsVendorByX86Info(info, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_SHANGHAI)) {
+    switch (CPUID(info->family, info->model)) {
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x0F):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x19):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/zhaoxin/microarchitectures/zhangjiang
+        return ZHAOXIN_ZHANGJIANG;
+      case CPUID(0x07, 0x1B):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/zhaoxin/microarchitectures/wudaokou
+        return ZHAOXIN_WUDAOKOU;
+      case CPUID(0x07, 0x3B):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/zhaoxin/microarchitectures/lujiazui
+        return ZHAOXIN_LUJIAZUI;
+      case CPUID(0x07, 0x5B):
+        return ZHAOXIN_YONGFENG;
+      default:
+        return X86_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+  }
+  if (IsVendorByX86Info(info, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_AUTHENTIC_AMD)) {
+    switch (CPUID(info->family, info->model)) {
+      // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/cpuid
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x04):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x05):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x07):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x08):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x0C):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x0E):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x0F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x14):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x15):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x17):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x18):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x1B):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x1C):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x1F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x21):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x23):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x24):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x25):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x27):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x2B):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x2C):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x2F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x41):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x43):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x48):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x4B):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x4C):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x4F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x5D):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x5F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x68):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x6B):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x6F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x7F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0xC1):
+        return AMD_HAMMER;
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x02):
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x04):
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x05):
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x06):
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x08):
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x09):
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x0A):
+        return AMD_K10;
+      case CPUID(0x11, 0x03):
+        // http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/41788.pdf
+        return AMD_K11;
+      case CPUID(0x12, 0x00):
+      case CPUID(0x12, 0x01):
+        // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/44739_12h_Rev_Gd.pdf
+        return AMD_K12;
+      case CPUID(0x14, 0x00):
+      case CPUID(0x14, 0x01):
+      case CPUID(0x14, 0x02):
+        // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/47534_14h_Mod_00h-0Fh_Rev_Guide.pdf
+        return AMD_BOBCAT;
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x01):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/bulldozer
+        return AMD_BULLDOZER;
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x02):
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x10):
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x11):
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x13):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/piledriver
+        // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/48931_15h_Mod_10h-1Fh_Rev_Guide.pdf
+        return AMD_PILEDRIVER;
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x30):
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x38):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/steamroller
+        return AMD_STREAMROLLER;
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x60):
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x65):
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x70):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/excavator
+        return AMD_EXCAVATOR;
+      case CPUID(0x16, 0x00):
+      case CPUID(0x16, 0x26):
+        return AMD_JAGUAR;
+      case CPUID(0x16, 0x30):
+        return AMD_PUMA;
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x01):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x11):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x18):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x20):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/zen
+        return AMD_ZEN;
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x08):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/zen%2B
+        return AMD_ZEN_PLUS;
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x31):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x47):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x60):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x68):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x71):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x90):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x98):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0xA0):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/zen_2
+        return AMD_ZEN2;
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x00):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x01):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x08):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x21):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x30):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x40):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x44):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x50):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/zen_3
+        return AMD_ZEN3;
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x10):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x61):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/zen_4
+        return AMD_ZEN4;
+      default:
+        return X86_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+  }
+  if (IsVendorByX86Info(info, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_HYGON_GENUINE)) {
+    switch (CPUID(info->family, info->model)) {
+      case CPUID(0x18, 0x00):
+      case CPUID(0x18, 0x01):
+        return AMD_ZEN;
+    }
+  }
+  return X86_UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// CacheInfo
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static const CacheLevelInfo kEmptyCacheLevelInfo;
+
+static CacheLevelInfo GetCacheLevelInfo(const uint32_t reg) {
+  const int UNDEF = -1;
+  const int KiB = 1024;
+  const int MiB = 1024 * KiB;
+  switch (reg) {
+    case 0x01:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 32,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x02:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 0xFF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 2,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x03:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 64,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x04:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 8,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x05:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 32,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x06:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 8 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x08:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x09:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 32 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x0A:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 8 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 2,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x0B:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 4,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x0C:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x0D:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x0E:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 24 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 6,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x1D:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 128 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 2,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x21:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 256 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x22:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x23:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x24:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x25:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x29:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x2C:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 32 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x30:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 32 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x40:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = UNDEF,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x41:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 128 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x42:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 256 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x43:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x44:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x45:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x46:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x47:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 8 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x48:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 3 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 12,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x49:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case (0x49 | (1 << 8)):
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x4A:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 6 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 12,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x4B:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 8 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x4C:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 12 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 12,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x4D:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x4E:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 6 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 24,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x4F:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 32,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x50:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 64,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x51:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 128,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x52:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 256,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x55:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 0xFF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 7,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x56:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 16,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x57:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 16,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x59:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 0xFF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 16,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x5A:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 32,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x5B:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 64,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x5C:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 128,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x5D:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 256,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x60:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x61:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 0xFF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 48,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x63:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 4,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x66:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 8 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x67:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x68:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 32 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x70:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 12 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x71:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x72:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 32 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x76:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 0xFF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 8,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x78:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x79:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 128 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x7A:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 256 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x7B:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x7C:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x7D:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x7F:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 2,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x80:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x82:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 256 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x83:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x84:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x85:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x86:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x87:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xA0:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DTLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 0xFF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 32,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB0:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 128,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB1:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 8,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB2:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 64,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB3:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 128,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB4:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 256,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB5:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 64,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB6:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 128,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xBA:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 64,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xC0:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 8,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xC1:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_STLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 1024,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xC2:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DTLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 16,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xC3:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_STLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 6,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 1536,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xCA:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_STLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 512,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xD0:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xD1:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xD2:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xD6:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xD7:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xD8:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xDC:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * 1536 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 12,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xDD:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 3 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 12,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xDE:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 6 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 12,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xE2:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xE3:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xE4:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 8 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xEA:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 12 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 24,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xEB:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 18 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 24,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xEC:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 24 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 24,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xF0:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_PREFETCH,
+                              .cache_size = 64 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xF1:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_PREFETCH,
+                              .cache_size = 128 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xFF:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_NULL,
+                              .cache_size = UNDEF,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    default:
+      return kEmptyCacheLevelInfo;
+  }
+}
+
+// From https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/cpuid#tbl-3-12
+static void ParseLeaf2(const Leaves* leaves, CacheInfo* info) {
+  Leaf leaf = leaves->leaf_2;
+  // The least-significant byte in register EAX (register AL) will always return
+  // 01H. Software should ignore this value and not interpret it as an
+  // informational descriptor.
+  leaf.eax &= 0xFFFFFF00;  // Zeroing out AL. 0 is the empty descriptor.
+  // The most significant bit (bit 31) of each register indicates whether the
+  // register contains valid information (set to 0) or is reserved (set to 1).
+  if (IsBitSet(leaf.eax, 31)) leaf.eax = 0;
+  if (IsBitSet(leaf.ebx, 31)) leaf.ebx = 0;
+  if (IsBitSet(leaf.ecx, 31)) leaf.ecx = 0;
+  if (IsBitSet(leaf.edx, 31)) leaf.edx = 0;
+
+  uint8_t data[16];
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+  _Static_assert(sizeof(Leaf) == sizeof(data), "Leaf must be 16 bytes");
+#endif
+  copy((char*)(data), (const char*)(&leaf), sizeof(data));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(data); ++i) {
+    const uint8_t descriptor = data[i];
+    if (descriptor == 0) continue;
+    info->levels[info->size] = GetCacheLevelInfo(descriptor);
+    info->size++;
+  }
+}
+
+static const CacheInfo kEmptyCacheInfo;
+
+// For newer Intel CPUs uses "CPUID, eax=0x00000004".
+// https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/cpuid#input-eax-=-04h--returns-deterministic-cache-parameters-for-each-level
+// For newer AMD CPUs uses "CPUID, eax=0x8000001D"
+static void ParseCacheInfo(const int max_cpuid_leaf, uint32_t leaf_id,
+                           CacheInfo* old_info) {
+  CacheInfo info = kEmptyCacheInfo;
+  for (int index = 0; info.size < CPU_FEATURES_MAX_CACHE_LEVEL; ++index) {
+    const Leaf leaf = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf, leaf_id, index);
+    int cache_type_field = ExtractBitRange(leaf.eax, 4, 0);
+    CacheType cache_type;
+    if (cache_type_field == 1)
+      cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA;
+    else if (cache_type_field == 2)
+      cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION;
+    else if (cache_type_field == 3)
+      cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_UNIFIED;
+    else
+      // Intel Processor Identification and the CPUID Instruction Application
+      // Note 485 page 37 Table 5-10. Deterministic Cache Parameters.
+      // We skip cache parsing in case null of cache type or cache type in the
+      // range of 4-31 according to documentation.
+      break;
+    int level = ExtractBitRange(leaf.eax, 7, 5);
+    int line_size = ExtractBitRange(leaf.ebx, 11, 0) + 1;
+    int partitioning = ExtractBitRange(leaf.ebx, 21, 12) + 1;
+    int ways = ExtractBitRange(leaf.ebx, 31, 22) + 1;
+    int tlb_entries = leaf.ecx + 1;
+    int cache_size = ways * partitioning * line_size * tlb_entries;
+    info.levels[info.size] = (CacheLevelInfo){.level = level,
+                                              .cache_type = cache_type,
+                                              .cache_size = cache_size,
+                                              .ways = ways,
+                                              .line_size = line_size,
+                                              .tlb_entries = tlb_entries,
+                                              .partitioning = partitioning};
+    ++info.size;
+  }
+  // Override CacheInfo if we successfully extracted Deterministic Cache
+  // Parameters.
+  if (info.size > 0) *old_info = info;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  int level;
+  int cache_id;
+  CacheType cache_type;
+} CacheLevelInfoLegacyAMD;
+
+static int GetWaysLegacyAMD(int cache_level, const uint32_t cache_id) {
+  // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf page 23
+  // CPUID.8000_0005_ECX[23:16] L1 data cache associativity.
+  // CPUID.8000_0005_EDX[23:16] L1 instruction cache associativity.
+  if (cache_level == 1) {
+    return ExtractBitRange(cache_id, 23, 16);
+  }
+  // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf page 24
+  // See Table 4: L2/L3 Cache and TLB Associativity Field Definition.
+  // CPUID.8000_0006_ECX[15:12] L2 cache associativity.
+  // CPUID.8000_0006_EDX[15:12] L3 cache associativity.
+  const int ways = ExtractBitRange(cache_id, 15, 12);
+  switch (ways) {
+    case 0x0:
+    case 0x1:
+    case 0x2:
+    case 0x4:
+      return ways;
+    case 0x6:
+      return 8;
+    case 0x8:
+      return 16;
+    case 0xA:
+      return 32;
+    case 0xB:
+      return 48;
+    case 0xC:
+      return 64;
+    case 0xD:
+      return 96;
+    case 0xE:
+      return 128;
+    case 0xF:
+      return 255;
+    default:
+      return -1;  // Reserved
+  }
+}
+
+static int GetCacheSizeLegacyAMD(int cache_level, const uint32_t cache_id) {
+  switch (cache_level) {
+    case 1:
+      // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf page 23
+      // CPUID.8000_0005_ECX[31:24] L1 data cache size in KB.
+      // CPUID.8000_0005_EDX[31:24] L1 instruction cache size KB.
+      return ExtractBitRange(cache_id, 31, 24);
+    case 2:
+      // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf page 25
+      // CPUID.8000_0006_ECX[31:16] L2 cache size in KB.
+      return ExtractBitRange(cache_id, 31, 16);
+    case 3:
+      // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf page 25
+      // CPUID.8000_0006_EDX[31:18] L3 cache size.
+      // Specifies the L3 cache size is within the following range:
+      // (L3Size[31:18] * 512KB) <= L3 cache size < ((L3Size[31:18]+1) * 512KB).
+      return ExtractBitRange(cache_id, 31, 18) * 512;
+    default:
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+#define LEGACY_AMD_MAX_CACHE_LEVEL 4
+
+// https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf
+// CPUID Fn8000_0005_E[A,B,C,D]X, Fn8000_0006_E[A,B,C,D]X - TLB and Cache info
+static void ParseCacheInfoLegacyAMD(const uint32_t max_ext, CacheInfo* info) {
+  const Leaf cache_tlb_leaf1 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_ext, 0x80000005, 0);
+  const Leaf cache_tlb_leaf2 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_ext, 0x80000006, 0);
+
+  const CacheLevelInfoLegacyAMD legacy_cache_info[LEGACY_AMD_MAX_CACHE_LEVEL] =
+      {(CacheLevelInfoLegacyAMD){.cache_id = cache_tlb_leaf1.ecx,
+                                 .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                                 .level = 1},
+       (CacheLevelInfoLegacyAMD){.cache_id = cache_tlb_leaf1.edx,
+                                 .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                                 .level = 1},
+       (CacheLevelInfoLegacyAMD){.cache_id = cache_tlb_leaf2.ecx,
+                                 .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_UNIFIED,
+                                 .level = 2},
+       (CacheLevelInfoLegacyAMD){.cache_id = cache_tlb_leaf2.edx,
+                                 .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_UNIFIED,
+                                 .level = 3}};
+
+  const int KiB = 1024;
+  const int UNDEF = -1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < LEGACY_AMD_MAX_CACHE_LEVEL; ++i) {
+    const int level = legacy_cache_info[i].level;
+    const int cache_id = legacy_cache_info[i].cache_id;
+    const CacheType cache_type = legacy_cache_info[i].cache_type;
+    const int cache_size = GetCacheSizeLegacyAMD(level, cache_id);
+    if (cache_size == 0) break;
+    info->levels[i] =
+        (CacheLevelInfo){.level = level,
+                         .cache_type = cache_type,
+                         .cache_size = cache_size * KiB,
+                         .ways = GetWaysLegacyAMD(level, cache_id),
+                         .line_size = ExtractBitRange(cache_id, 7, 0),
+                         .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                         .partitioning = UNDEF};
+    ++info->size;
+  }
+}
+
+CacheInfo GetX86CacheInfo(void) {
+  CacheInfo info = kEmptyCacheInfo;
+  const Leaves leaves = ReadLeaves();
+  if (IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_GENUINE_INTEL) ||
+      IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_CENTAUR_HAULS) ||
+      IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_SHANGHAI)) {
+    ParseLeaf2(&leaves, &info);
+    ParseCacheInfo(leaves.max_cpuid_leaf, 4, &info);
+  } else if (IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_AUTHENTIC_AMD) ||
+             IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_HYGON_GENUINE)) {
+    // If CPUID Fn8000_0001_ECX[TopologyExtensions]==0
+    // then CPUID Fn8000_0001_E[D,C,B,A]X is reserved.
+    // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf
+    if (IsBitSet(leaves.leaf_80000001.ecx, 22)) {
+      ParseCacheInfo(leaves.max_cpuid_leaf_ext, 0x8000001D, &info);
+    } else {
+      ParseCacheInfoLegacyAMD(leaves.max_cpuid_leaf_ext, &info);
+    }
+  }
+  return info;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Definitions for introspection.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTROSPECTION_TABLE                                \
+  LINE(X86_FPU, fpu, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_TSC, tsc, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_CX8, cx8, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_CLFSH, clfsh, , , )                             \
+  LINE(X86_MMX, mmx, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_AES, aes, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_ERMS, erms, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_F16C, f16c, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_FMA4, fma4, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_FMA3, fma3, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_VAES, vaes, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_VPCLMULQDQ, vpclmulqdq, , , )                   \
+  LINE(X86_BMI1, bmi1, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_HLE, hle, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_BMI2, bmi2, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_RTM, rtm, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_RDSEED, rdseed, , , )                           \
+  LINE(X86_CLFLUSHOPT, clflushopt, , , )                   \
+  LINE(X86_CLWB, clwb, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_SSE, sse, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_SSE2, sse2, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_SSE3, sse3, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_SSSE3, ssse3, , , )                             \
+  LINE(X86_SSE4_1, sse4_1, , , )                           \
+  LINE(X86_SSE4_2, sse4_2, , , )                           \
+  LINE(X86_SSE4A, sse4a, , , )                             \
+  LINE(X86_AVX, avx, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_AVX_VNNI, avx_vnni, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX2, avx2, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512F, avx512f, , , )                         \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512CD, avx512cd, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512ER, avx512er, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512PF, avx512pf, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512BW, avx512bw, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512DQ, avx512dq, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512VL, avx512vl, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512IFMA, avx512ifma, , , )                   \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512VBMI, avx512vbmi, , , )                   \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512VBMI2, avx512vbmi2, , , )                 \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512VNNI, avx512vnni, , , )                   \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512BITALG, avx512bitalg, , , )               \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512VPOPCNTDQ, avx512vpopcntdq, , , )         \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_4VNNIW, avx512_4vnniw, , , )             \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_4VBMI2, avx512_4vbmi2, , , )             \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_SECOND_FMA, avx512_second_fma, , , )     \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_4FMAPS, avx512_4fmaps, , , )             \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_BF16, avx512_bf16, , , )                 \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_VP2INTERSECT, avx512_vp2intersect, , , ) \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_FP16, avx512_fp16, , , )                 \
+  LINE(X86_AMX_BF16, amx_bf16, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AMX_TILE, amx_tile, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AMX_INT8, amx_int8, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_PCLMULQDQ, pclmulqdq, , , )                     \
+  LINE(X86_SMX, smx, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_SGX, sgx, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_CX16, cx16, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_SHA, sha, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_POPCNT, popcnt, , , )                           \
+  LINE(X86_MOVBE, movbe, , , )                             \
+  LINE(X86_RDRND, rdrnd, , , )                             \
+  LINE(X86_DCA, dca, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_SS, ss, , , )                                   \
+  LINE(X86_ADX, adx, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_LZCNT, lzcnt, , , )                             \
+  LINE(X86_GFNI, gfni, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_MOVDIRI, movdiri, , , )                         \
+  LINE(X86_MOVDIR64B, movdir64b, , , )                     \
+  LINE(X86_FS_REP_MOV, fs_rep_mov, , , )                   \
+  LINE(X86_FZ_REP_MOVSB, fz_rep_movsb, , , )               \
+  LINE(X86_FS_REP_STOSB, fs_rep_stosb, , , )               \
+  LINE(X86_FS_REP_CMPSB_SCASB, fs_rep_cmpsb_scasb, , , )
+#define INTROSPECTION_PREFIX X86
+#define INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX X86
+#include "define_introspection.inl"
+
+#define X86_MICROARCHITECTURE_NAMES \
+  LINE(X86_UNKNOWN)                 \
+  LINE(ZHAOXIN_ZHANGJIANG)          \
+  LINE(ZHAOXIN_WUDAOKOU)            \
+  LINE(ZHAOXIN_LUJIAZUI)            \
+  LINE(ZHAOXIN_YONGFENG)            \
+  LINE(INTEL_80486)                 \
+  LINE(INTEL_P5)                    \
+  LINE(INTEL_LAKEMONT)              \
+  LINE(INTEL_CORE)                  \
+  LINE(INTEL_PNR)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_NHM)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_ATOM_BNL)              \
+  LINE(INTEL_WSM)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_SNB)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_IVB)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_ATOM_SMT)              \
+  LINE(INTEL_HSW)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_BDW)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_SKL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_CCL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_ATOM_GMT)              \
+  LINE(INTEL_ATOM_GMT_PLUS)         \
+  LINE(INTEL_ATOM_TMT)              \
+  LINE(INTEL_KBL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_CFL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_WHL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_CML)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_CNL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_ICL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_TGL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_SPR)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_ADL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_RCL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_RPL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_KNIGHTS_M)             \
+  LINE(INTEL_KNIGHTS_L)             \
+  LINE(INTEL_KNIGHTS_F)             \
+  LINE(INTEL_KNIGHTS_C)             \
+  LINE(INTEL_NETBURST)              \
+  LINE(AMD_HAMMER)                  \
+  LINE(AMD_K10)                     \
+  LINE(AMD_K11)                     \
+  LINE(AMD_K12)                     \
+  LINE(AMD_BOBCAT)                  \
+  LINE(AMD_PILEDRIVER)              \
+  LINE(AMD_STREAMROLLER)            \
+  LINE(AMD_EXCAVATOR)               \
+  LINE(AMD_BULLDOZER)               \
+  LINE(AMD_JAGUAR)                  \
+  LINE(AMD_PUMA)                    \
+  LINE(AMD_ZEN)                     \
+  LINE(AMD_ZEN_PLUS)                \
+  LINE(AMD_ZEN2)                    \
+  LINE(AMD_ZEN3)                    \
+  LINE(AMD_ZEN4)
+
+const char* GetX86MicroarchitectureName(X86Microarchitecture value) {
+#define LINE(ENUM) [ENUM] = STRINGIZE(ENUM),
+  static const char* kMicroarchitectureNames[] = {X86_MICROARCHITECTURE_NAMES};
+#undef LINE
+  if (value >= X86_MICROARCHITECTURE_LAST_) return "unknown microarchitecture";
+  return kMicroarchitectureNames[value];
+}