adspecs 0.1.19 → 0.1.20

package/references/python-end-standard/02-/346/225/260/346/215/256/345/272/223/350/256/276/350/256/241/344/270/216/344/275/277/347/224/250/350/247/204/350/214/203.md

@@ -1,226 +1,226 @@
-# 数据库设计与使用规范
-
-> **版本**: v1.0 | **修订日期**: 2026-07-15
-> **技术栈**: SQLAlchemy 2.0+ / Alembic / SQLite (aiosqlite)
-
----
-
-## 一、SQLAlchemy 基类
-
-### 1.1 声明式基类
-
-```python
-# app/models/base.py
-from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
-from sqlalchemy import Integer, String, Boolean, DateTime, func
-from datetime import datetime
-
-class Base(DeclarativeBase):
-    """SQLAlchemy 声明式基类"""
-    pass
-
-class TimestampMixin:
-    """时间戳 Mixin — 自动记录创建/更新时间"""
-    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        DateTime, server_default=func.now(), nullable=False
-    )
-    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        DateTime, server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now(), nullable=False
-    )
-
-class SoftDeleteMixin:
-    """软删除 Mixin"""
-    is_deleted: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(Boolean, default=False, nullable=False)
-
-class AuditMixin:
-    """审计 Mixin — 记录操作人"""
-    created_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(Integer, nullable=True)
-    updated_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(Integer, nullable=True)
-```
-
-### 1.2 模型定义示例
-
-```python
-# app/models/warehouse.py
-from sqlalchemy import String, Integer, Text, Index
-from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
-from app.models.base import Base, TimestampMixin, SoftDeleteMixin, AuditMixin
-
-class Warehouse(Base, TimestampMixin, SoftDeleteMixin, AuditMixin):
-    """仓库模型"""
-    __tablename__ = "warehouses"
-    __table_args__ = (
-        Index("ix_warehouse_code", "code", unique=True),
-        Index("ix_warehouse_active", "is_active"),
-    )
-
-    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
-    code: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), nullable=False, comment="仓库编码")
-    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(200), nullable=False, comment="仓库名称")
-    location: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(500), comment="位置")
-    is_active: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=True, comment="是否启用")
-
-    # relationships
-    material_lots: Mapped[list["MaterialLot"]] = relationship(back_populates="warehouse")
-```
-
----
-
-## 二、SQLite 特有注意事项
-
-| 事项           | 规范                                                       |
-|----------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
-| WAL 模式       | 生产环境必须启用 `PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL`                 |
-| 外键约束       | 默认关闭，必须执行 `PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON`               |
-| 类型亲和性     | 严格按模型定义列类型，避免隐式转换                         |
-| 并发写入       | SQLite 不支持并发写，Celery worker 必须 `--concurrency=1` |
-| 文件权限       | 数据库文件目录需要读写权限                                 |
-| 备份           | 定期 VACUUM + 文件拷贝                                    |
-
-### 引擎配置
-
-```python
-# app/core/database.py
-from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine, async_sessionmaker, AsyncSession
-from sqlalchemy import text
-from app.core.config import settings
-
-engine = create_async_engine(
-    settings.DATABASE_URL,
-    echo=settings.DEBUG,
-    connect_args={"check_same_thread": False},
-)
-
-async_session = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False, class_=AsyncSession)
-
-async def init_db():
-    """初始化数据库（启用 WAL 模式）"""
-    async with engine.connect() as conn:
-        await conn.execute(text("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL"))
-        await conn.execute(text("PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON"))
-        await conn.commit()
-
-async def get_db():
-    """数据库会话依赖注入"""
-    async with async_session() as session:
-        try:
-            yield session
-        except Exception:
-            await session.rollback()
-            raise
-```
-
----
-
-## 三、Alembic 迁移规范
-
-### 3.1 初始化
-
-```bash
-alembic init alembic
-# 修改 alembic.ini 的 sqlalchemy.url
-# 修改 alembic/env.py 导入 Base.metadata
-```
-
-### 3.2 迁移命名
-
-```bash
-alembic revision --autogenerate -m "add_warehouse_table"
-alembic revision --autogenerate -m "add_index_warehouse_code"
-```
-
-### 3.3 迁移规则
-
-| 规则       | 说明                                           |
-|------------|------------------------------------------------|
-| 自动生成   | 始终使用 `--autogenerate`，手动 review 后提交  |
-| 不可逆操作 | DROP TABLE/DROP COLUMN 前必须确认数据安全     |
-| 数据迁移   | 数据迁移和结构迁移分开为两个 revision          |
-| 测试       | 迁移后必须运行测试验证                         |
-| 提交       | 迁移文件必须纳入版本控制                       |
-
----
-
-## 四、查询规范
-
-### 4.1 使用 select() 风格
-
-```python
-from sqlalchemy import select, func
-
-# 单条查询
-stmt = select(Warehouse).where(Warehouse.id == warehouse_id)
-result = await db.execute(stmt)
-warehouse = result.scalar_one_or_none()
-
-# 分页查询
-stmt = (
-    select(Warehouse)
-    .where(Warehouse.is_deleted == False, Warehouse.is_active == True)
-    .order_by(Warehouse.created_at.desc())
-    .offset((page - 1) * page_size)
-    .limit(page_size)
-)
-result = await db.execute(stmt)
-items = result.scalars().all()
-
-# 计数
-count_stmt = select(func.count()).select_from(Warehouse).where(Warehouse.is_deleted == False)
-total = (await db.execute(count_stmt)).scalar()
-```
-
-### 4.2 禁止事项
-
-- 禁止使用 `session.query()` 风格（SQLAlchemy 1.x 遗留）
-- 禁止字符串拼接 SQL
-- 禁止在循环中执行查询（N+1 问题）
-- 禁止不带 WHERE 的 UPDATE/DELETE
-
----
-
-## 五、Repository 模式
-
-```python
-# app/repositories/warehouse.py
-class WarehouseRepository:
-    """仓库数据访问层"""
-
-    async def get_by_id(self, db: AsyncSession, warehouse_id: int) -> Warehouse | None:
-        return await db.get(Warehouse, warehouse_id)
-
-    async def get_by_code(self, db: AsyncSession, code: str) -> Warehouse | None:
-        stmt = select(Warehouse).where(Warehouse.code == code, Warehouse.is_deleted == False)
-        result = await db.execute(stmt)
-        return result.scalar_one_or_none()
-
-    async def get_page(
-        self, db: AsyncSession, page: int, page_size: int, filters: dict | None = None
-    ) -> tuple[list[Warehouse], int]:
-        base = select(Warehouse).where(Warehouse.is_deleted == False)
-        if filters:
-            if "name" in filters:
-                base = base.where(Warehouse.name.contains(filters["name"]))
-            if "is_active" in filters:
-                base = base.where(Warehouse.is_active == filters["is_active"])
-
-        count_stmt = select(func.count()).select_from(base.subquery())
-        total = (await db.execute(count_stmt)).scalar()
-
-        stmt = base.order_by(Warehouse.created_at.desc()).offset((page - 1) * page_size).limit(page_size)
-        result = await db.execute(stmt)
-        return result.scalars().all(), total
-
-warehouse_repo = WarehouseRepository()
-```
-
----
-
-## 六、索引策略
-
-| 场景           | 索引类型         | 示例                                      |
-|----------------|------------------|-------------------------------------------|
-| 唯一约束       | Unique Index     | code, email                               |
-| 高频查询条件   | 普通索引         | is_active, status                         |
-| 组合查询       | 复合索引         | (warehouse_id, material_type)             |
-| 外键           | 自动创建         | relationship 自动生成                     |
-| 软删除过滤     | 部分索引         | WHERE is_deleted = False                  |
+# 数据库设计与使用规范
+
+> **版本**: v1.0 | **修订日期**: 2026-07-15
+> **技术栈**: SQLAlchemy 2.0+ / Alembic / SQLite (aiosqlite)
+
+---
+
+## 一、SQLAlchemy 基类
+
+### 1.1 声明式基类
+
+```python
+# app/models/base.py
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
+from sqlalchemy import Integer, String, Boolean, DateTime, func
+from datetime import datetime
+
+class Base(DeclarativeBase):
+    """SQLAlchemy 声明式基类"""
+    pass
+
+class TimestampMixin:
+    """时间戳 Mixin — 自动记录创建/更新时间"""
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime, server_default=func.now(), nullable=False
+    )
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime, server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now(), nullable=False
+    )
+
+class SoftDeleteMixin:
+    """软删除 Mixin"""
+    is_deleted: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(Boolean, default=False, nullable=False)
+
+class AuditMixin:
+    """审计 Mixin — 记录操作人"""
+    created_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(Integer, nullable=True)
+    updated_by: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(Integer, nullable=True)
+```
+
+### 1.2 模型定义示例
+
+```python
+# app/models/warehouse.py
+from sqlalchemy import String, Integer, Text, Index
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
+from app.models.base import Base, TimestampMixin, SoftDeleteMixin, AuditMixin
+
+class Warehouse(Base, TimestampMixin, SoftDeleteMixin, AuditMixin):
+    """仓库模型"""
+    __tablename__ = "warehouses"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        Index("ix_warehouse_code", "code", unique=True),
+        Index("ix_warehouse_active", "is_active"),
+    )
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    code: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), nullable=False, comment="仓库编码")
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(200), nullable=False, comment="仓库名称")
+    location: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(500), comment="位置")
+    is_active: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=True, comment="是否启用")
+
+    # relationships
+    material_lots: Mapped[list["MaterialLot"]] = relationship(back_populates="warehouse")
+```
+
+---
+
+## 二、SQLite 特有注意事项
+
+| 事项           | 规范                                                       |
+|----------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
+| WAL 模式       | 生产环境必须启用 `PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL`                 |
+| 外键约束       | 默认关闭，必须执行 `PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON`               |
+| 类型亲和性     | 严格按模型定义列类型，避免隐式转换                         |
+| 并发写入       | SQLite 不支持并发写，Celery worker 必须 `--concurrency=1` |
+| 文件权限       | 数据库文件目录需要读写权限                                 |
+| 备份           | 定期 VACUUM + 文件拷贝                                    |
+
+### 引擎配置
+
+```python
+# app/core/database.py
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine, async_sessionmaker, AsyncSession
+from sqlalchemy import text
+from app.core.config import settings
+
+engine = create_async_engine(
+    settings.DATABASE_URL,
+    echo=settings.DEBUG,
+    connect_args={"check_same_thread": False},
+)
+
+async_session = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False, class_=AsyncSession)
+
+async def init_db():
+    """初始化数据库（启用 WAL 模式）"""
+    async with engine.connect() as conn:
+        await conn.execute(text("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL"))
+        await conn.execute(text("PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON"))
+        await conn.commit()
+
+async def get_db():
+    """数据库会话依赖注入"""
+    async with async_session() as session:
+        try:
+            yield session
+        except Exception:
+            await session.rollback()
+            raise
+```
+
+---
+
+## 三、Alembic 迁移规范
+
+### 3.1 初始化
+
+```bash
+alembic init alembic
+# 修改 alembic.ini 的 sqlalchemy.url
+# 修改 alembic/env.py 导入 Base.metadata
+```
+
+### 3.2 迁移命名
+
+```bash
+alembic revision --autogenerate -m "add_warehouse_table"
+alembic revision --autogenerate -m "add_index_warehouse_code"
+```
+
+### 3.3 迁移规则
+
+| 规则       | 说明                                           |
+|------------|------------------------------------------------|
+| 自动生成   | 始终使用 `--autogenerate`，手动 review 后提交  |
+| 不可逆操作 | DROP TABLE/DROP COLUMN 前必须确认数据安全     |
+| 数据迁移   | 数据迁移和结构迁移分开为两个 revision          |
+| 测试       | 迁移后必须运行测试验证                         |
+| 提交       | 迁移文件必须纳入版本控制                       |
+
+---
+
+## 四、查询规范
+
+### 4.1 使用 select() 风格
+
+```python
+from sqlalchemy import select, func
+
+# 单条查询
+stmt = select(Warehouse).where(Warehouse.id == warehouse_id)
+result = await db.execute(stmt)
+warehouse = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+
+# 分页查询
+stmt = (
+    select(Warehouse)
+    .where(Warehouse.is_deleted == False, Warehouse.is_active == True)
+    .order_by(Warehouse.created_at.desc())
+    .offset((page - 1) * page_size)
+    .limit(page_size)
+)
+result = await db.execute(stmt)
+items = result.scalars().all()
+
+# 计数
+count_stmt = select(func.count()).select_from(Warehouse).where(Warehouse.is_deleted == False)
+total = (await db.execute(count_stmt)).scalar()
+```
+
+### 4.2 禁止事项
+
+- 禁止使用 `session.query()` 风格（SQLAlchemy 1.x 遗留）
+- 禁止字符串拼接 SQL
+- 禁止在循环中执行查询（N+1 问题）
+- 禁止不带 WHERE 的 UPDATE/DELETE
+
+---
+
+## 五、Repository 模式
+
+```python
+# app/repositories/warehouse.py
+class WarehouseRepository:
+    """仓库数据访问层"""
+
+    async def get_by_id(self, db: AsyncSession, warehouse_id: int) -> Warehouse | None:
+        return await db.get(Warehouse, warehouse_id)
+
+    async def get_by_code(self, db: AsyncSession, code: str) -> Warehouse | None:
+        stmt = select(Warehouse).where(Warehouse.code == code, Warehouse.is_deleted == False)
+        result = await db.execute(stmt)
+        return result.scalar_one_or_none()
+
+    async def get_page(
+        self, db: AsyncSession, page: int, page_size: int, filters: dict | None = None
+    ) -> tuple[list[Warehouse], int]:
+        base = select(Warehouse).where(Warehouse.is_deleted == False)
+        if filters:
+            if "name" in filters:
+                base = base.where(Warehouse.name.contains(filters["name"]))
+            if "is_active" in filters:
+                base = base.where(Warehouse.is_active == filters["is_active"])
+
+        count_stmt = select(func.count()).select_from(base.subquery())
+        total = (await db.execute(count_stmt)).scalar()
+
+        stmt = base.order_by(Warehouse.created_at.desc()).offset((page - 1) * page_size).limit(page_size)
+        result = await db.execute(stmt)
+        return result.scalars().all(), total
+
+warehouse_repo = WarehouseRepository()
+```
+
+---
+
+## 六、索引策略
+
+| 场景           | 索引类型         | 示例                                      |
+|----------------|------------------|-------------------------------------------|
+| 唯一约束       | Unique Index     | code, email                               |
+| 高频查询条件   | 普通索引         | is_active, status                         |
+| 组合查询       | 复合索引         | (warehouse_id, material_type)             |
+| 外键           | 自动创建         | relationship 自动生成                     |
+| 软删除过滤     | 部分索引         | WHERE is_deleted = False                  |