@zenstackhq/runtime 3.0.0-alpha.9 → 3.0.0-beta.2

package/dist/plugins/{policy.js → policy/index.js}

@@ -16,15 +16,115 @@ var RejectedByPolicyError = class extends Error {
 // src/plugins/policy/policy-handler.ts
 import { invariant as invariant6 } from "@zenstackhq/common-helpers";
 import { AliasNode as AliasNode3, BinaryOperationNode as BinaryOperationNode3, ColumnNode as ColumnNode2, DeleteQueryNode, FromNode as FromNode2, IdentifierNode as IdentifierNode2, InsertQueryNode, OperationNodeTransformer, OperatorNode as OperatorNode3, PrimitiveValueListNode, RawNode, ReturningNode, SelectionNode as SelectionNode2, SelectQueryNode as SelectQueryNode2, TableNode as TableNode3, UpdateQueryNode, ValueNode as ValueNode3, ValuesNode, WhereNode as WhereNode2 } from "kysely";
-import { match as match7 } from "ts-pattern";
+import { match as match8 } from "ts-pattern";
 
 // src/client/crud/dialects/index.ts
-import { match as match4 } from "ts-pattern";
+import { match as match5 } from "ts-pattern";
 
 // src/client/crud/dialects/postgresql.ts
 import { invariant as invariant2 } from "@zenstackhq/common-helpers";
 import { sql as sql2 } from "kysely";
-import { match as match2 } from "ts-pattern";
+import { match as match3 } from "ts-pattern";
+
+// src/client/constants.ts
+var DELEGATE_JOINED_FIELD_PREFIX = "$delegate$";
+var LOGICAL_COMBINATORS = [
+  "AND",
+  "OR",
+  "NOT"
+];
+var AGGREGATE_OPERATORS = [
+  "_count",
+  "_sum",
+  "_avg",
+  "_min",
+  "_max"
+];
+
+// src/client/query-utils.ts
+import { match } from "ts-pattern";
+
+// src/schema/expression.ts
+var ExpressionUtils = {
+  literal: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => {
+    return {
+      kind: "literal",
+      value
+    };
+  }, "literal"),
+  array: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((items) => {
+    return {
+      kind: "array",
+      items
+    };
+  }, "array"),
+  call: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((functionName, args) => {
+    return {
+      kind: "call",
+      function: functionName,
+      args
+    };
+  }, "call"),
+  binary: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((left, op, right) => {
+    return {
+      kind: "binary",
+      op,
+      left,
+      right
+    };
+  }, "binary"),
+  unary: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((op, operand) => {
+    return {
+      kind: "unary",
+      op,
+      operand
+    };
+  }, "unary"),
+  field: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((field) => {
+    return {
+      kind: "field",
+      field
+    };
+  }, "field"),
+  member: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((receiver, members) => {
+    return {
+      kind: "member",
+      receiver,
+      members
+    };
+  }, "member"),
+  _this: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => {
+    return {
+      kind: "this"
+    };
+  }, "_this"),
+  _null: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => {
+    return {
+      kind: "null"
+    };
+  }, "_null"),
+  and: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((expr2, ...expressions) => {
+    return expressions.reduce((acc, exp) => ExpressionUtils.binary(acc, "&&", exp), expr2);
+  }, "and"),
+  or: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((expr2, ...expressions) => {
+    return expressions.reduce((acc, exp) => ExpressionUtils.binary(acc, "||", exp), expr2);
+  }, "or"),
+  is: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value, kind) => {
+    return !!value && typeof value === "object" && "kind" in value && value.kind === kind;
+  }, "is"),
+  isLiteral: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "literal"), "isLiteral"),
+  isArray: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "array"), "isArray"),
+  isCall: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "call"), "isCall"),
+  isNull: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "null"), "isNull"),
+  isThis: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "this"), "isThis"),
+  isUnary: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "unary"), "isUnary"),
+  isBinary: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "binary"), "isBinary"),
+  isField: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "field"), "isField"),
+  isMember: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "member"), "isMember"),
+  getLiteralValue: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((expr2) => {
+    return ExpressionUtils.isLiteral(expr2) ? expr2.value : void 0;
+  }, "getLiteralValue")
+};
 
 // src/client/errors.ts
 var QueryError = class extends Error {
@@ -41,9 +141,6 @@ var InternalError = class extends Error {
   static {
     __name(this, "InternalError");
   }
-  constructor(message) {
-    super(message);
-  }
 };
 
 // src/client/query-utils.ts
@@ -118,10 +215,15 @@ function getRelationForeignKeyFieldPairs(schema, model, relationField) {
 }
 __name(getRelationForeignKeyFieldPairs, "getRelationForeignKeyFieldPairs");
 function isRelationField(schema, model, field) {
-  const fieldDef = requireField(schema, model, field);
-  return !!fieldDef.relation;
+  const fieldDef = getField(schema, model, field);
+  return !!fieldDef?.relation;
 }
 __name(isRelationField, "isRelationField");
+function isInheritedField(schema, model, field) {
+  const fieldDef = getField(schema, model, field);
+  return !!fieldDef?.originModel;
+}
+__name(isInheritedField, "isInheritedField");
 function getUniqueFields(schema, model) {
   const modelDef = requireModel(schema, model);
   const result = [];
@@ -147,11 +249,14 @@ function getUniqueFields(schema, model) {
   return result;
 }
 __name(getUniqueFields, "getUniqueFields");
-function buildFieldRef(schema, model, field, options, eb, modelAlias) {
+function buildFieldRef(schema, model, field, options, eb, modelAlias, inlineComputedField = true) {
   const fieldDef = requireField(schema, model, field);
   if (!fieldDef.computed) {
     return eb.ref(modelAlias ? `${modelAlias}.${field}` : field);
   } else {
+    if (!inlineComputedField) {
+      return eb.ref(modelAlias ? `${modelAlias}.${field}` : field);
+    }
     let computer;
     if ("computedFields" in options) {
       const computedFields = options.computedFields;
@@ -160,7 +265,9 @@ function buildFieldRef(schema, model, field, options, eb, modelAlias) {
     if (!computer) {
       throw new QueryError(`Computed field "${field}" implementation not provided for model "${model}"`);
     }
-    return computer(eb);
+    return computer(eb, {
+      currentModel: modelAlias
+    });
   }
 }
 __name(buildFieldRef, "buildFieldRef");
@@ -203,11 +310,33 @@ function getManyToManyRelation(schema, model, field) {
       model,
       fieldDef.type
     ].sort();
+    let orderedFK;
+    if (model !== fieldDef.type) {
+      orderedFK = sortedModelNames[0] === model ? [
+        "A",
+        "B"
+      ] : [
+        "B",
+        "A"
+      ];
+    } else {
+      const sortedFieldNames = [
+        field,
+        oppositeFieldDef.name
+      ].sort();
+      orderedFK = sortedFieldNames[0] === field ? [
+        "A",
+        "B"
+      ] : [
+        "B",
+        "A"
+      ];
+    }
     return {
-      parentFkName: sortedModelNames[0] === model ? "A" : "B",
+      parentFkName: orderedFK[0],
       otherModel: fieldDef.type,
       otherField: fieldDef.relation.opposite,
-      otherFkName: sortedModelNames[0] === fieldDef.type ? "A" : "B",
+      otherFkName: orderedFK[1],
       joinTable: fieldDef.relation.name ? `_${fieldDef.relation.name}` : `_${sortedModelNames[0]}To${sortedModelNames[1]}`
     };
   } else {
@@ -235,11 +364,38 @@ function flattenCompoundUniqueFilters(schema, model, filter) {
   return result;
 }
 __name(flattenCompoundUniqueFilters, "flattenCompoundUniqueFilters");
+function ensureArray(value) {
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return value;
+  } else {
+    return [
+      value
+    ];
+  }
+}
+__name(ensureArray, "ensureArray");
+function getDelegateDescendantModels(schema, model, collected = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set()) {
+  const subModels = Object.values(schema.models).filter((m) => m.baseModel === model);
+  subModels.forEach((def) => {
+    if (!collected.has(def)) {
+      collected.add(def);
+      getDelegateDescendantModels(schema, def.name, collected);
+    }
+  });
+  return [
+    ...collected
+  ];
+}
+__name(getDelegateDescendantModels, "getDelegateDescendantModels");
+function aggregate(eb, expr2, op) {
+  return match(op).with("_count", () => eb.fn.count(expr2)).with("_sum", () => eb.fn.sum(expr2)).with("_avg", () => eb.fn.avg(expr2)).with("_min", () => eb.fn.min(expr2)).with("_max", () => eb.fn.max(expr2)).exhaustive();
+}
+__name(aggregate, "aggregate");
 
 // src/client/crud/dialects/base.ts
 import { invariant, isPlainObject } from "@zenstackhq/common-helpers";
-import { sql } from "kysely";
-import { match, P } from "ts-pattern";
+import { expressionBuilder, sql } from "kysely";
+import { match as match2, P } from "ts-pattern";
 
 // src/utils/enumerate.ts
 function enumerate(x) {
@@ -269,6 +425,44 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
   transformPrimitive(value, _type, _forArrayField) {
     return value;
   }
+  // #region common query builders
+  buildSelectModel(eb, model, modelAlias) {
+    const modelDef = requireModel(this.schema, model);
+    let result = eb.selectFrom(model === modelAlias ? model : `${model} as ${modelAlias}`);
+    let joinBase = modelDef.baseModel;
+    while (joinBase) {
+      result = this.buildDelegateJoin(model, modelAlias, joinBase, result);
+      joinBase = requireModel(this.schema, joinBase).baseModel;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+  buildFilterSortTake(model, args, query, modelAlias) {
+    let result = query;
+    if (args.where) {
+      result = result.where((eb) => this.buildFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, args?.where));
+    }
+    let negateOrderBy = false;
+    const skip = args.skip;
+    let take = args.take;
+    if (take !== void 0 && take < 0) {
+      negateOrderBy = true;
+      take = -take;
+    }
+    result = this.buildSkipTake(result, skip, take);
+    result = this.buildOrderBy(result, model, modelAlias, args.orderBy, skip !== void 0 || take !== void 0, negateOrderBy);
+    if ("distinct" in args && args.distinct) {
+      const distinct = ensureArray(args.distinct);
+      if (this.supportsDistinctOn) {
+        result = result.distinctOn(distinct.map((f) => sql.ref(`${modelAlias}.${f}`)));
+      } else {
+        throw new QueryError(`"distinct" is not supported by "${this.schema.provider.type}" provider`);
+      }
+    }
+    if (args.cursor) {
+      result = this.buildCursorFilter(model, result, args.cursor, args.orderBy, negateOrderBy, modelAlias);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
   buildFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, where) {
     if (where === true || where === void 0) {
       return this.true(eb);
@@ -285,17 +479,20 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
       if (key.startsWith("$")) {
         continue;
       }
-      if (key === "AND" || key === "OR" || key === "NOT") {
+      if (this.isLogicalCombinator(key)) {
         result = this.and(eb, result, this.buildCompositeFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, key, payload));
         continue;
       }
       const fieldDef = requireField(this.schema, model, key);
       if (fieldDef.relation) {
         result = this.and(eb, result, this.buildRelationFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, key, fieldDef, payload));
-      } else if (fieldDef.array) {
-        result = this.and(eb, result, this.buildArrayFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, key, fieldDef, payload));
       } else {
-        result = this.and(eb, result, this.buildPrimitiveFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, key, fieldDef, payload));
+        const fieldRef = this.fieldRef(fieldDef.originModel ?? model, key, eb, fieldDef.originModel ?? modelAlias);
+        if (fieldDef.array) {
+          result = this.and(eb, result, this.buildArrayFilter(eb, fieldRef, fieldDef, payload));
+        } else {
+          result = this.and(eb, result, this.buildPrimitiveFilter(eb, fieldRef, fieldDef, payload));
+        }
       }
     }
     if ("$expr" in _where && typeof _where["$expr"] === "function") {
@@ -303,8 +500,32 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
     }
     return result;
   }
+  buildCursorFilter(model, query, cursor, orderBy, negateOrderBy, modelAlias) {
+    const _orderBy = orderBy ?? makeDefaultOrderBy(this.schema, model);
+    const orderByItems = ensureArray(_orderBy).flatMap((obj) => Object.entries(obj));
+    const eb = expressionBuilder();
+    const subQueryAlias = `${model}$cursor$sub`;
+    const cursorFilter = this.buildFilter(eb, model, subQueryAlias, cursor);
+    let result = query;
+    const filters = [];
+    for (let i = orderByItems.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      const andFilters = [];
+      for (let j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
+        const [field, order] = orderByItems[j];
+        const _order = negateOrderBy ? order === "asc" ? "desc" : "asc" : order;
+        const op = j === i ? _order === "asc" ? ">=" : "<=" : "=";
+        andFilters.push(eb(eb.ref(`${modelAlias}.${field}`), op, this.buildSelectModel(eb, model, subQueryAlias).select(`${subQueryAlias}.${field}`).where(cursorFilter)));
+      }
+      filters.push(eb.and(andFilters));
+    }
+    result = result.where((eb2) => eb2.or(filters));
+    return result;
+  }
+  isLogicalCombinator(key) {
+    return LOGICAL_COMBINATORS.includes(key);
+  }
   buildCompositeFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, key, payload) {
-    return match(key).with("AND", () => this.and(eb, ...enumerate(payload).map((subPayload) => this.buildFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, subPayload)))).with("OR", () => this.or(eb, ...enumerate(payload).map((subPayload) => this.buildFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, subPayload)))).with("NOT", () => eb.not(this.buildCompositeFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, "AND", payload))).exhaustive();
+    return match2(key).with("AND", () => this.and(eb, ...enumerate(payload).map((subPayload) => this.buildFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, subPayload)))).with("OR", () => this.or(eb, ...enumerate(payload).map((subPayload) => this.buildFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, subPayload)))).with("NOT", () => eb.not(this.buildCompositeFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, "AND", payload))).exhaustive();
   }
   buildRelationFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, field, fieldDef, payload) {
     if (!fieldDef.array) {
@@ -313,19 +534,26 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
       return this.buildToManyRelationFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, field, fieldDef, payload);
     }
   }
-  buildToOneRelationFilter(eb, model, table, field, fieldDef, payload) {
+  buildToOneRelationFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, field, fieldDef, payload) {
     if (payload === null) {
       const { ownedByModel, keyPairs } = getRelationForeignKeyFieldPairs(this.schema, model, field);
-      if (ownedByModel) {
-        return this.and(eb, ...keyPairs.map(({ fk }) => eb(sql.ref(`${table}.${fk}`), "is", null)));
+      if (ownedByModel && !fieldDef.originModel) {
+        return this.and(eb, ...keyPairs.map(({ fk }) => eb(sql.ref(`${modelAlias}.${fk}`), "is", null)));
       } else {
-        return this.buildToOneRelationFilter(eb, model, table, field, fieldDef, {
+        return this.buildToOneRelationFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, field, fieldDef, {
           is: null
         });
       }
     }
-    const joinAlias = `${table}$${field}`;
-    const joinPairs = buildJoinPairs(this.schema, model, table, field, joinAlias);
+    const joinAlias = `${modelAlias}$${field}`;
+    const joinPairs = buildJoinPairs(
+      this.schema,
+      model,
+      // if field is from a base, use the base model to join
+      fieldDef.originModel ?? modelAlias,
+      field,
+      joinAlias
+    );
     const filterResultField = `${field}$filter`;
     const joinSelect = eb.selectFrom(`${fieldDef.type} as ${joinAlias}`).where(() => this.and(eb, ...joinPairs.map(([left, right]) => eb(sql.ref(left), "=", sql.ref(right))))).select(() => eb.fn.count(eb.lit(1)).as(filterResultField));
     const conditions = [];
@@ -355,25 +583,26 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
     }
     return this.and(eb, ...conditions);
   }
-  buildToManyRelationFilter(eb, model, table, field, fieldDef, payload) {
+  buildToManyRelationFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, field, fieldDef, payload) {
     if (payload === null) {
-      return eb(sql.ref(`${table}.${field}`), "is", null);
+      return eb(sql.ref(`${modelAlias}.${field}`), "is", null);
     }
     const relationModel = fieldDef.type;
+    const relationFilterSelectAlias = `${modelAlias}$${field}$filter`;
     const buildPkFkWhereRefs = /* @__PURE__ */ __name((eb2) => {
       const m2m = getManyToManyRelation(this.schema, model, field);
       if (m2m) {
         const modelIdField = getIdFields(this.schema, model)[0];
         const relationIdField = getIdFields(this.schema, relationModel)[0];
-        return eb2(sql.ref(`${relationModel}.${relationIdField}`), "in", eb2.selectFrom(m2m.joinTable).select(`${m2m.joinTable}.${m2m.otherFkName}`).whereRef(sql.ref(`${m2m.joinTable}.${m2m.parentFkName}`), "=", sql.ref(`${table}.${modelIdField}`)));
+        return eb2(sql.ref(`${relationFilterSelectAlias}.${relationIdField}`), "in", eb2.selectFrom(m2m.joinTable).select(`${m2m.joinTable}.${m2m.otherFkName}`).whereRef(sql.ref(`${m2m.joinTable}.${m2m.parentFkName}`), "=", sql.ref(`${modelAlias}.${modelIdField}`)));
       } else {
         const relationKeyPairs = getRelationForeignKeyFieldPairs(this.schema, model, field);
         let result2 = this.true(eb2);
         for (const { fk, pk } of relationKeyPairs.keyPairs) {
           if (relationKeyPairs.ownedByModel) {
-            result2 = this.and(eb2, result2, eb2(sql.ref(`${table}.${fk}`), "=", sql.ref(`${relationModel}.${pk}`)));
+            result2 = this.and(eb2, result2, eb2(sql.ref(`${modelAlias}.${fk}`), "=", sql.ref(`${relationFilterSelectAlias}.${pk}`)));
           } else {
-            result2 = this.and(eb2, result2, eb2(sql.ref(`${table}.${pk}`), "=", sql.ref(`${relationModel}.${fk}`)));
+            result2 = this.and(eb2, result2, eb2(sql.ref(`${modelAlias}.${pk}`), "=", sql.ref(`${relationFilterSelectAlias}.${fk}`)));
           }
         }
         return result2;
@@ -386,25 +615,24 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
       }
       switch (key) {
         case "some": {
-          result = this.and(eb, result, eb(eb.selectFrom(relationModel).select((eb1) => eb1.fn.count(eb1.lit(1)).as("count")).where(buildPkFkWhereRefs(eb)).where((eb1) => this.buildFilter(eb1, relationModel, relationModel, subPayload)), ">", 0));
+          result = this.and(eb, result, eb(this.buildSelectModel(eb, relationModel, relationFilterSelectAlias).select((eb1) => eb1.fn.count(eb1.lit(1)).as("$count")).where(buildPkFkWhereRefs(eb)).where((eb1) => this.buildFilter(eb1, relationModel, relationFilterSelectAlias, subPayload)), ">", 0));
           break;
         }
         case "every": {
-          result = this.and(eb, result, eb(eb.selectFrom(relationModel).select((eb1) => eb1.fn.count(eb1.lit(1)).as("count")).where(buildPkFkWhereRefs(eb)).where((eb1) => eb1.not(this.buildFilter(eb1, relationModel, relationModel, subPayload))), "=", 0));
+          result = this.and(eb, result, eb(this.buildSelectModel(eb, relationModel, relationFilterSelectAlias).select((eb1) => eb1.fn.count(eb1.lit(1)).as("$count")).where(buildPkFkWhereRefs(eb)).where((eb1) => eb1.not(this.buildFilter(eb1, relationModel, relationFilterSelectAlias, subPayload))), "=", 0));
           break;
         }
         case "none": {
-          result = this.and(eb, result, eb(eb.selectFrom(relationModel).select((eb1) => eb1.fn.count(eb1.lit(1)).as("count")).where(buildPkFkWhereRefs(eb)).where((eb1) => this.buildFilter(eb1, relationModel, relationModel, subPayload)), "=", 0));
+          result = this.and(eb, result, eb(this.buildSelectModel(eb, relationModel, relationFilterSelectAlias).select((eb1) => eb1.fn.count(eb1.lit(1)).as("$count")).where(buildPkFkWhereRefs(eb)).where((eb1) => this.buildFilter(eb1, relationModel, relationFilterSelectAlias, subPayload)), "=", 0));
           break;
         }
       }
     }
     return result;
   }
-  buildArrayFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, field, fieldDef, payload) {
+  buildArrayFilter(eb, fieldRef, fieldDef, payload) {
     const clauses = [];
     const fieldType = fieldDef.type;
-    const fieldRef = buildFieldRef(this.schema, model, field, this.options, eb, modelAlias);
     for (const [key, _value] of Object.entries(payload)) {
       if (_value === void 0) {
         continue;
@@ -440,14 +668,14 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
     }
     return this.and(eb, ...clauses);
   }
-  buildPrimitiveFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, field, fieldDef, payload) {
+  buildPrimitiveFilter(eb, fieldRef, fieldDef, payload) {
     if (payload === null) {
-      return eb(sql.ref(`${modelAlias}.${field}`), "is", null);
+      return eb(fieldRef, "is", null);
     }
     if (isEnum(this.schema, fieldDef.type)) {
-      return this.buildEnumFilter(eb, modelAlias, field, fieldDef, payload);
+      return this.buildEnumFilter(eb, fieldRef, fieldDef, payload);
     }
-    return match(fieldDef.type).with("String", () => this.buildStringFilter(eb, modelAlias, field, payload)).with(P.union("Int", "Float", "Decimal", "BigInt"), (type) => this.buildNumberFilter(eb, model, modelAlias, field, type, payload)).with("Boolean", () => this.buildBooleanFilter(eb, modelAlias, field, payload)).with("DateTime", () => this.buildDateTimeFilter(eb, modelAlias, field, payload)).with("Bytes", () => this.buildBytesFilter(eb, modelAlias, field, payload)).with("Json", () => {
+    return match2(fieldDef.type).with("String", () => this.buildStringFilter(eb, fieldRef, payload)).with(P.union("Int", "Float", "Decimal", "BigInt"), (type) => this.buildNumberFilter(eb, fieldRef, type, payload)).with("Boolean", () => this.buildBooleanFilter(eb, fieldRef, payload)).with("DateTime", () => this.buildDateTimeFilter(eb, fieldRef, payload)).with("Bytes", () => this.buildBytesFilter(eb, fieldRef, payload)).with("Json", () => {
       throw new InternalError("JSON filters are not supported yet");
     }).with("Unsupported", () => {
       throw new QueryError(`Unsupported field cannot be used in filters`);
@@ -456,7 +684,7 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
   buildLiteralFilter(eb, lhs, type, rhs) {
     return eb(lhs, "=", rhs !== null && rhs !== void 0 ? this.transformPrimitive(rhs, type, false) : rhs);
   }
-  buildStandardFilter(eb, type, payload, lhs, getRhs, recurse, throwIfInvalid = false, onlyForKeys = void 0) {
+  buildStandardFilter(eb, type, payload, lhs, getRhs, recurse, throwIfInvalid = false, onlyForKeys = void 0, excludeKeys = []) {
     if (payload === null || !isPlainObject(payload)) {
       return {
         conditions: [
@@ -471,8 +699,11 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
       if (onlyForKeys && !onlyForKeys.includes(op)) {
         continue;
       }
+      if (excludeKeys.includes(op)) {
+        continue;
+      }
       const rhs = Array.isArray(value) ? value.map(getRhs) : getRhs(value);
-      const condition = match(op).with("equals", () => rhs === null ? eb(lhs, "is", null) : eb(lhs, "=", rhs)).with("in", () => {
+      const condition = match2(op).with("equals", () => rhs === null ? eb(lhs, "is", null) : eb(lhs, "=", rhs)).with("in", () => {
         invariant(Array.isArray(rhs), "right hand side must be an array");
         if (rhs.length === 0) {
           return this.false(eb);
@@ -486,7 +717,11 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
         } else {
           return eb.not(eb(lhs, "in", rhs));
         }
-      }).with("lt", () => eb(lhs, "<", rhs)).with("lte", () => eb(lhs, "<=", rhs)).with("gt", () => eb(lhs, ">", rhs)).with("gte", () => eb(lhs, ">=", rhs)).with("not", () => eb.not(recurse(value))).otherwise(() => {
+      }).with("lt", () => eb(lhs, "<", rhs)).with("lte", () => eb(lhs, "<=", rhs)).with("gt", () => eb(lhs, ">", rhs)).with("gte", () => eb(lhs, ">=", rhs)).with("not", () => eb.not(recurse(value))).with(P.union(...AGGREGATE_OPERATORS), (op2) => {
+        const innerResult = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, type, value, aggregate(eb, lhs, op2), getRhs, recurse, throwIfInvalid);
+        consumedKeys.push(...innerResult.consumedKeys);
+        return this.and(eb, ...innerResult.conditions);
+      }).otherwise(() => {
         if (throwIfInvalid) {
           throw new QueryError(`Invalid filter key: ${op}`);
         } else {
@@ -503,24 +738,21 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
       consumedKeys
     };
   }
-  buildStringFilter(eb, table, field, payload) {
-    const fieldDef = getField(this.schema, table, field);
-    let fieldRef = fieldDef?.computed ? sql.ref(field) : sql.ref(`${table}.${field}`);
-    let insensitive = false;
-    if (payload && typeof payload === "object" && "mode" in payload && payload.mode === "insensitive") {
-      insensitive = true;
-      fieldRef = eb.fn("lower", [
-        fieldRef
-      ]);
+  buildStringFilter(eb, fieldRef, payload) {
+    let mode;
+    if (payload && typeof payload === "object" && "mode" in payload) {
+      mode = payload.mode;
     }
-    const { conditions, consumedKeys } = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, "String", payload, fieldRef, (value) => this.prepStringCasing(eb, value, insensitive), (value) => this.buildStringFilter(eb, table, field, value));
+    const { conditions, consumedKeys } = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, "String", payload, mode === "insensitive" ? eb.fn("lower", [
+      fieldRef
+    ]) : fieldRef, (value) => this.prepStringCasing(eb, value, mode), (value) => this.buildStringFilter(eb, fieldRef, value));
     if (payload && typeof payload === "object") {
       for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(payload)) {
         if (key === "mode" || consumedKeys.includes(key)) {
           continue;
         }
-        const condition = match(key).with("contains", () => insensitive ? eb(fieldRef, "ilike", sql.lit(`%${value}%`)) : eb(fieldRef, "like", sql.lit(`%${value}%`))).with("startsWith", () => insensitive ? eb(fieldRef, "ilike", sql.lit(`${value}%`)) : eb(fieldRef, "like", sql.lit(`${value}%`))).with("endsWith", () => insensitive ? eb(fieldRef, "ilike", sql.lit(`%${value}`)) : eb(fieldRef, "like", sql.lit(`%${value}`))).otherwise(() => {
-          throw new Error(`Invalid string filter key: ${key}`);
+        const condition = match2(key).with("contains", () => mode === "insensitive" ? eb(fieldRef, "ilike", sql.val(`%${value}%`)) : eb(fieldRef, "like", sql.val(`%${value}%`))).with("startsWith", () => mode === "insensitive" ? eb(fieldRef, "ilike", sql.val(`${value}%`)) : eb(fieldRef, "like", sql.val(`${value}%`))).with("endsWith", () => mode === "insensitive" ? eb(fieldRef, "ilike", sql.val(`%${value}`)) : eb(fieldRef, "like", sql.val(`%${value}`))).otherwise(() => {
+          throw new QueryError(`Invalid string filter key: ${key}`);
         });
         if (condition) {
           conditions.push(condition);
@@ -529,34 +761,37 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
     }
     return this.and(eb, ...conditions);
   }
-  prepStringCasing(eb, value, toLower = true) {
+  prepStringCasing(eb, value, mode) {
+    if (!mode || mode === "default") {
+      return value === null ? value : sql.val(value);
+    }
     if (typeof value === "string") {
-      return toLower ? eb.fn("lower", [
-        sql.lit(value)
-      ]) : sql.lit(value);
+      return eb.fn("lower", [
+        sql.val(value)
+      ]);
     } else if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-      return value.map((v) => this.prepStringCasing(eb, v, toLower));
+      return value.map((v) => this.prepStringCasing(eb, v, mode));
     } else {
-      return value === null ? null : sql.lit(value);
+      return value === null ? null : sql.val(value);
     }
   }
-  buildNumberFilter(eb, model, table, field, type, payload) {
-    const { conditions } = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, type, payload, buildFieldRef(this.schema, model, field, this.options, eb), (value) => this.transformPrimitive(value, type, false), (value) => this.buildNumberFilter(eb, model, table, field, type, value));
+  buildNumberFilter(eb, fieldRef, type, payload) {
+    const { conditions } = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, type, payload, fieldRef, (value) => this.transformPrimitive(value, type, false), (value) => this.buildNumberFilter(eb, fieldRef, type, value));
     return this.and(eb, ...conditions);
   }
-  buildBooleanFilter(eb, table, field, payload) {
-    const { conditions } = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, "Boolean", payload, sql.ref(`${table}.${field}`), (value) => this.transformPrimitive(value, "Boolean", false), (value) => this.buildBooleanFilter(eb, table, field, value), true, [
+  buildBooleanFilter(eb, fieldRef, payload) {
+    const { conditions } = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, "Boolean", payload, fieldRef, (value) => this.transformPrimitive(value, "Boolean", false), (value) => this.buildBooleanFilter(eb, fieldRef, value), true, [
       "equals",
       "not"
     ]);
     return this.and(eb, ...conditions);
   }
-  buildDateTimeFilter(eb, table, field, payload) {
-    const { conditions } = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, "DateTime", payload, sql.ref(`${table}.${field}`), (value) => this.transformPrimitive(value, "DateTime", false), (value) => this.buildDateTimeFilter(eb, table, field, value), true);
+  buildDateTimeFilter(eb, fieldRef, payload) {
+    const { conditions } = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, "DateTime", payload, fieldRef, (value) => this.transformPrimitive(value, "DateTime", false), (value) => this.buildDateTimeFilter(eb, fieldRef, value), true);
     return this.and(eb, ...conditions);
   }
-  buildBytesFilter(eb, table, field, payload) {
-    const conditions = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, "Bytes", payload, sql.ref(`${table}.${field}`), (value) => this.transformPrimitive(value, "Bytes", false), (value) => this.buildBytesFilter(eb, table, field, value), true, [
+  buildBytesFilter(eb, fieldRef, payload) {
+    const conditions = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, "Bytes", payload, fieldRef, (value) => this.transformPrimitive(value, "Bytes", false), (value) => this.buildBytesFilter(eb, fieldRef, value), true, [
       "equals",
       "in",
       "notIn",
@@ -564,8 +799,8 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
     ]);
     return this.and(eb, ...conditions.conditions);
   }
-  buildEnumFilter(eb, table, field, fieldDef, payload) {
-    const conditions = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, "String", payload, sql.ref(`${table}.${field}`), (value) => value, (value) => this.buildEnumFilter(eb, table, field, fieldDef, value), true, [
+  buildEnumFilter(eb, fieldRef, fieldDef, payload) {
+    const conditions = this.buildStandardFilter(eb, "String", payload, fieldRef, (value) => value, (value) => this.buildEnumFilter(eb, fieldRef, fieldDef, value), true, [
       "equals",
       "in",
       "notIn",
@@ -597,9 +832,7 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
           invariant(value && typeof value === "object", `invalid orderBy value for field "${field}"`);
           for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(value)) {
             invariant(v === "asc" || v === "desc", `invalid orderBy value for field "${field}"`);
-            result = result.orderBy((eb) => eb.fn(field.slice(1), [
-              sql.ref(k)
-            ]), sql.raw(this.negateSort(v, negated)));
+            result = result.orderBy((eb) => aggregate(eb, this.fieldRef(model, k, eb, modelAlias), field), sql.raw(this.negateSort(v, negated)));
           }
           continue;
         }
@@ -608,7 +841,7 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
             invariant(value && typeof value === "object", 'invalid orderBy value for field "_count"');
             for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(value)) {
               invariant(v === "asc" || v === "desc", `invalid orderBy value for field "${field}"`);
-              result = result.orderBy((eb) => eb.fn.count(sql.ref(k)), sql.raw(this.negateSort(v, negated)));
+              result = result.orderBy((eb) => eb.fn.count(this.fieldRef(model, k, eb, modelAlias)), sql.raw(this.negateSort(v, negated)));
             }
             continue;
           }
@@ -617,10 +850,11 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
         }
         const fieldDef = requireField(this.schema, model, field);
         if (!fieldDef.relation) {
+          const fieldRef = this.fieldRef(model, field, expressionBuilder(), modelAlias);
           if (value === "asc" || value === "desc") {
-            result = result.orderBy(sql.ref(`${modelAlias}.${field}`), this.negateSort(value, negated));
+            result = result.orderBy(fieldRef, this.negateSort(value, negated));
           } else if (value && typeof value === "object" && "nulls" in value && "sort" in value && (value.sort === "asc" || value.sort === "desc") && (value.nulls === "first" || value.nulls === "last")) {
-            result = result.orderBy(sql.ref(`${modelAlias}.${field}`), sql.raw(`${this.negateSort(value.sort, negated)} nulls ${value.nulls}`));
+            result = result.orderBy(fieldRef, sql.raw(`${this.negateSort(value.sort, negated)} nulls ${value.nulls}`));
           }
         } else {
           const relationModel = fieldDef.type;
@@ -632,8 +866,9 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
               invariant(value._count === "asc" || value._count === "desc", 'invalid orderBy value for field "_count"');
               const sort = this.negateSort(value._count, negated);
               result = result.orderBy((eb) => {
-                let subQuery = eb.selectFrom(relationModel);
-                const joinPairs = buildJoinPairs(this.schema, model, modelAlias, field, relationModel);
+                const subQueryAlias = `${modelAlias}$orderBy$${field}$count`;
+                let subQuery = this.buildSelectModel(eb, relationModel, subQueryAlias);
+                const joinPairs = buildJoinPairs(this.schema, model, modelAlias, field, subQueryAlias);
                 subQuery = subQuery.where(() => this.and(eb, ...joinPairs.map(([left, right]) => eb(sql.ref(left), "=", sql.ref(right)))));
                 subQuery = subQuery.select(() => eb.fn.count(eb.lit(1)).as("_count"));
                 return subQuery;
@@ -651,6 +886,92 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
     });
     return result;
   }
+  buildSelectAllFields(model, query, omit, modelAlias) {
+    const modelDef = requireModel(this.schema, model);
+    let result = query;
+    for (const field of Object.keys(modelDef.fields)) {
+      if (isRelationField(this.schema, model, field)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (omit?.[field] === true) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      result = this.buildSelectField(result, model, modelAlias, field);
+    }
+    const descendants = getDelegateDescendantModels(this.schema, model);
+    for (const subModel of descendants) {
+      result = this.buildDelegateJoin(model, modelAlias, subModel.name, result);
+      result = result.select((eb) => {
+        const jsonObject = {};
+        for (const field of Object.keys(subModel.fields)) {
+          if (isRelationField(this.schema, subModel.name, field) || isInheritedField(this.schema, subModel.name, field)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          jsonObject[field] = eb.ref(`${subModel.name}.${field}`);
+        }
+        return this.buildJsonObject(eb, jsonObject).as(`${DELEGATE_JOINED_FIELD_PREFIX}${subModel.name}`);
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+  buildModelSelect(eb, model, subQueryAlias, payload, selectAllFields) {
+    let subQuery = this.buildSelectModel(eb, model, subQueryAlias);
+    if (selectAllFields) {
+      subQuery = this.buildSelectAllFields(model, subQuery, typeof payload === "object" ? payload?.omit : void 0, subQueryAlias);
+    }
+    if (payload && typeof payload === "object") {
+      subQuery = this.buildFilterSortTake(model, payload, subQuery, subQueryAlias);
+    }
+    return subQuery;
+  }
+  buildSelectField(query, model, modelAlias, field) {
+    const fieldDef = requireField(this.schema, model, field);
+    if (fieldDef.computed) {
+      return query.select((eb) => this.fieldRef(model, field, eb, modelAlias).as(field));
+    } else if (!fieldDef.originModel) {
+      return query.select(sql.ref(`${modelAlias}.${field}`).as(field));
+    } else {
+      return this.buildSelectField(query, fieldDef.originModel, fieldDef.originModel, field);
+    }
+  }
+  buildDelegateJoin(thisModel, thisModelAlias, otherModelAlias, query) {
+    const idFields = getIdFields(this.schema, thisModel);
+    query = query.leftJoin(otherModelAlias, (qb) => {
+      for (const idField of idFields) {
+        qb = qb.onRef(`${thisModelAlias}.${idField}`, "=", `${otherModelAlias}.${idField}`);
+      }
+      return qb;
+    });
+    return query;
+  }
+  buildCountJson(model, eb, parentAlias, payload) {
+    const modelDef = requireModel(this.schema, model);
+    const toManyRelations = Object.entries(modelDef.fields).filter(([, field]) => field.relation && field.array);
+    const selections = payload === true ? {
+      select: toManyRelations.reduce((acc, [field]) => {
+        acc[field] = true;
+        return acc;
+      }, {})
+    } : payload;
+    const jsonObject = {};
+    for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(selections.select)) {
+      const fieldDef = requireField(this.schema, model, field);
+      const fieldModel = fieldDef.type;
+      const joinPairs = buildJoinPairs(this.schema, model, parentAlias, field, fieldModel);
+      let fieldCountQuery = eb.selectFrom(fieldModel).select(eb.fn.countAll().as(`_count$${field}`));
+      for (const [left, right] of joinPairs) {
+        fieldCountQuery = fieldCountQuery.whereRef(left, "=", right);
+      }
+      if (value && typeof value === "object" && "where" in value && value.where && typeof value.where === "object") {
+        const filter = this.buildFilter(eb, fieldModel, fieldModel, value.where);
+        fieldCountQuery = fieldCountQuery.where(filter);
+      }
+      jsonObject[field] = fieldCountQuery;
+    }
+    return this.buildJsonObject(eb, jsonObject);
+  }
+  // #endregion
+  // #region utils
   negateSort(sort, negated) {
     return negated ? sort === "asc" ? "desc" : "asc" : sort;
   }
@@ -697,6 +1018,21 @@ var BaseCrudDialect = class {
   not(eb, ...args) {
     return eb.not(this.and(eb, ...args));
   }
+  fieldRef(model, field, eb, modelAlias, inlineComputedField = true) {
+    return buildFieldRef(this.schema, model, field, this.options, eb, modelAlias, inlineComputedField);
+  }
+  canJoinWithoutNestedSelect(modelDef, payload) {
+    if (modelDef.computedFields) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (modelDef.baseModel || modelDef.isDelegate) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (typeof payload === "object" && (payload.orderBy || payload.skip !== void 0 || payload.take !== void 0 || payload.cursor || payload.distinct)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
 };
 
 // src/client/crud/dialects/postgresql.ts
@@ -718,98 +1054,110 @@ var PostgresCrudDialect = class extends BaseCrudDialect {
         return value.map((v) => this.transformPrimitive(v, type, false));
       }
     } else {
-      return match2(type).with("DateTime", () => value instanceof Date ? value : typeof value === "string" ? new Date(value) : value).with("Decimal", () => value !== null ? value.toString() : value).otherwise(() => value);
+      return match3(type).with("DateTime", () => value instanceof Date ? value : typeof value === "string" ? new Date(value) : value).with("Decimal", () => value !== null ? value.toString() : value).otherwise(() => value);
     }
   }
   buildRelationSelection(query, model, relationField, parentAlias, payload) {
-    const joinedQuery = this.buildRelationJSON(model, query, relationField, parentAlias, payload);
-    return joinedQuery.select(`${parentAlias}$${relationField}.$j as ${relationField}`);
+    const relationResultName = `${parentAlias}$${relationField}`;
+    const joinedQuery = this.buildRelationJSON(model, query, relationField, parentAlias, payload, relationResultName);
+    return joinedQuery.select(`${relationResultName}.$data as ${relationField}`);
   }
-  buildRelationJSON(model, qb, relationField, parentName, payload) {
+  buildRelationJSON(model, qb, relationField, parentAlias, payload, resultName) {
     const relationFieldDef = requireField(this.schema, model, relationField);
     const relationModel = relationFieldDef.type;
     return qb.leftJoinLateral((eb) => {
-      const joinTableName = `${parentName}$${relationField}`;
-      let result = eb.selectFrom(`${relationModel} as ${joinTableName}`);
-      result = eb.selectFrom(() => {
-        let subQuery = eb.selectFrom(`${relationModel}`).selectAll();
-        if (payload && typeof payload === "object") {
-          if (payload.where) {
-            subQuery = subQuery.where((eb2) => this.buildFilter(eb2, relationModel, relationModel, payload.where));
-          }
-          const skip = payload.skip;
-          let take = payload.take;
-          let negateOrderBy = false;
-          if (take !== void 0 && take < 0) {
-            negateOrderBy = true;
-            take = -take;
-          }
-          subQuery = this.buildSkipTake(subQuery, skip, take);
-          subQuery = this.buildOrderBy(subQuery, relationModel, relationModel, payload.orderBy, skip !== void 0 || take !== void 0, negateOrderBy);
-        }
-        const m2m = getManyToManyRelation(this.schema, model, relationField);
-        if (m2m) {
-          const parentIds = getIdFields(this.schema, model);
-          const relationIds = getIdFields(this.schema, relationModel);
-          invariant2(parentIds.length === 1, "many-to-many relation must have exactly one id field");
-          invariant2(relationIds.length === 1, "many-to-many relation must have exactly one id field");
-          subQuery = subQuery.where(eb(eb.ref(`${relationModel}.${relationIds[0]}`), "in", eb.selectFrom(m2m.joinTable).select(`${m2m.joinTable}.${m2m.otherFkName}`).whereRef(`${parentName}.${parentIds[0]}`, "=", `${m2m.joinTable}.${m2m.parentFkName}`)));
-        } else {
-          const joinPairs = buildJoinPairs(this.schema, model, parentName, relationField, relationModel);
-          subQuery = subQuery.where((eb2) => this.and(eb2, ...joinPairs.map(([left, right]) => eb2(sql2.ref(left), "=", sql2.ref(right)))));
-        }
-        return subQuery.as(joinTableName);
-      });
-      result = this.buildRelationObjectSelect(relationModel, relationField, relationFieldDef, result, payload, parentName);
-      result = this.buildRelationJoins(relationModel, relationField, result, payload, parentName);
-      return result.as(joinTableName);
+      const relationSelectName = `${resultName}$sub`;
+      const relationModelDef = requireModel(this.schema, relationModel);
+      let tbl;
+      if (this.canJoinWithoutNestedSelect(relationModelDef, payload)) {
+        tbl = this.buildModelSelect(eb, relationModel, relationSelectName, payload, false);
+        tbl = this.buildRelationJoinFilter(tbl, model, relationField, relationModel, relationSelectName, parentAlias);
+      } else {
+        tbl = eb.selectFrom(() => {
+          let subQuery = this.buildModelSelect(eb, relationModel, `${relationSelectName}$t`, payload, true);
+          subQuery = this.buildRelationJoinFilter(subQuery, model, relationField, relationModel, `${relationSelectName}$t`, parentAlias);
+          return subQuery.as(relationSelectName);
+        });
+      }
+      tbl = this.buildRelationObjectSelect(relationModel, relationSelectName, relationFieldDef, tbl, payload, resultName);
+      tbl = this.buildRelationJoins(tbl, relationModel, relationSelectName, payload, resultName);
+      return tbl.as(resultName);
     }, (join) => join.onTrue());
   }
-  buildRelationObjectSelect(relationModel, relationField, relationFieldDef, qb, payload, parentName) {
+  buildRelationJoinFilter(query, model, relationField, relationModel, relationModelAlias, parentAlias) {
+    const m2m = getManyToManyRelation(this.schema, model, relationField);
+    if (m2m) {
+      const parentIds = getIdFields(this.schema, model);
+      const relationIds = getIdFields(this.schema, relationModel);
+      invariant2(parentIds.length === 1, "many-to-many relation must have exactly one id field");
+      invariant2(relationIds.length === 1, "many-to-many relation must have exactly one id field");
+      query = query.where((eb) => eb(eb.ref(`${relationModelAlias}.${relationIds[0]}`), "in", eb.selectFrom(m2m.joinTable).select(`${m2m.joinTable}.${m2m.otherFkName}`).whereRef(`${parentAlias}.${parentIds[0]}`, "=", `${m2m.joinTable}.${m2m.parentFkName}`)));
+    } else {
+      const joinPairs = buildJoinPairs(this.schema, model, parentAlias, relationField, relationModelAlias);
+      query = query.where((eb) => this.and(eb, ...joinPairs.map(([left, right]) => eb(sql2.ref(left), "=", sql2.ref(right)))));
+    }
+    return query;
+  }
+  buildRelationObjectSelect(relationModel, relationModelAlias, relationFieldDef, qb, payload, parentResultName) {
     qb = qb.select((eb) => {
-      const objArgs = this.buildRelationObjectArgs(relationModel, relationField, eb, payload, parentName);
+      const objArgs = this.buildRelationObjectArgs(relationModel, relationModelAlias, eb, payload, parentResultName);
       if (relationFieldDef.array) {
-        return eb.fn.coalesce(sql2`jsonb_agg(jsonb_build_object(${sql2.join(objArgs)}))`, sql2`'[]'::jsonb`).as("$j");
+        return eb.fn.coalesce(sql2`jsonb_agg(jsonb_build_object(${sql2.join(objArgs)}))`, sql2`'[]'::jsonb`).as("$data");
       } else {
-        return sql2`jsonb_build_object(${sql2.join(objArgs)})`.as("$j");
+        return sql2`jsonb_build_object(${sql2.join(objArgs)})`.as("$data");
       }
     });
     return qb;
   }
-  buildRelationObjectArgs(relationModel, relationField, eb, payload, parentName) {
+  buildRelationObjectArgs(relationModel, relationModelAlias, eb, payload, parentResultName) {
     const relationModelDef = requireModel(this.schema, relationModel);
     const objArgs = [];
+    const descendantModels = getDelegateDescendantModels(this.schema, relationModel);
+    if (descendantModels.length > 0) {
+      objArgs.push(...descendantModels.map((subModel) => [
+        sql2.lit(`${DELEGATE_JOINED_FIELD_PREFIX}${subModel.name}`),
+        eb.ref(`${DELEGATE_JOINED_FIELD_PREFIX}${subModel.name}`)
+      ]).flatMap((v) => v));
+    }
     if (payload === true || !payload.select) {
       objArgs.push(...Object.entries(relationModelDef.fields).filter(([, value]) => !value.relation).filter(([name]) => !(typeof payload === "object" && payload.omit?.[name] === true)).map(([field]) => [
         sql2.lit(field),
-        buildFieldRef(this.schema, relationModel, field, this.options, eb)
+        this.fieldRef(relationModel, field, eb, relationModelAlias, false)
       ]).flatMap((v) => v));
     } else if (payload.select) {
-      objArgs.push(...Object.entries(payload.select).filter(([, value]) => value).map(([field]) => {
-        const fieldDef = requireField(this.schema, relationModel, field);
-        const fieldValue = fieldDef.relation ? eb.ref(`${parentName}$${relationField}$${field}.$j`) : buildFieldRef(this.schema, relationModel, field, this.options, eb);
-        return [
-          sql2.lit(field),
-          fieldValue
-        ];
+      objArgs.push(...Object.entries(payload.select).filter(([, value]) => value).map(([field, value]) => {
+        if (field === "_count") {
+          const subJson = this.buildCountJson(relationModel, eb, relationModelAlias, value);
+          return [
+            sql2.lit(field),
+            subJson
+          ];
+        } else {
+          const fieldDef = requireField(this.schema, relationModel, field);
+          const fieldValue = fieldDef.relation ? eb.ref(`${parentResultName}$${field}.$data`) : this.fieldRef(relationModel, field, eb, relationModelAlias, false);
+          return [
+            sql2.lit(field),
+            fieldValue
+          ];
+        }
       }).flatMap((v) => v));
     }
     if (typeof payload === "object" && payload.include && typeof payload.include === "object") {
       objArgs.push(...Object.entries(payload.include).filter(([, value]) => value).map(([field]) => [
         sql2.lit(field),
         // reference the synthesized JSON field
-        eb.ref(`${parentName}$${relationField}$${field}.$j`)
+        eb.ref(`${parentResultName}$${field}.$data`)
       ]).flatMap((v) => v));
     }
     return objArgs;
   }
-  buildRelationJoins(relationModel, relationField, qb, payload, parentName) {
-    let result = qb;
+  buildRelationJoins(query, relationModel, relationModelAlias, payload, parentResultName) {
+    let result = query;
     if (typeof payload === "object") {
       const selectInclude = payload.include ?? payload.select;
       if (selectInclude && typeof selectInclude === "object") {
         Object.entries(selectInclude).filter(([, value]) => value).filter(([field]) => isRelationField(this.schema, relationModel, field)).forEach(([field, value]) => {
-          result = this.buildRelationJSON(relationModel, result, field, `${parentName}$${relationField}`, value);
+          result = this.buildRelationJSON(relationModel, result, field, relationModelAlias, value, `${parentResultName}$${field}`);
         });
       }
     }
@@ -851,12 +1199,15 @@ var PostgresCrudDialect = class extends BaseCrudDialect {
       return `ARRAY[${values.map((v) => typeof v === "string" ? `'${v}'` : v)}]`;
     }
   }
+  get supportInsertWithDefault() {
+    return true;
+  }
 };
 
 // src/client/crud/dialects/sqlite.ts
 import { invariant as invariant3 } from "@zenstackhq/common-helpers";
 import { sql as sql3 } from "kysely";
-import { match as match3 } from "ts-pattern";
+import { match as match4 } from "ts-pattern";
 var SqliteCrudDialect = class extends BaseCrudDialect {
   static {
     __name(this, "SqliteCrudDialect");
@@ -871,79 +1222,75 @@ var SqliteCrudDialect = class extends BaseCrudDialect {
     if (Array.isArray(value)) {
       return value.map((v) => this.transformPrimitive(v, type, false));
     } else {
-      return match3(type).with("Boolean", () => value ? 1 : 0).with("DateTime", () => value instanceof Date ? value.toISOString() : value).with("Decimal", () => value.toString()).with("Bytes", () => Buffer.from(value)).with("Json", () => JSON.stringify(value)).otherwise(() => value);
+      if (this.schema.typeDefs && type in this.schema.typeDefs) {
+        return JSON.stringify(value);
+      } else {
+        return match4(type).with("Boolean", () => value ? 1 : 0).with("DateTime", () => value instanceof Date ? value.toISOString() : value).with("Decimal", () => value.toString()).with("Bytes", () => Buffer.from(value)).with("Json", () => JSON.stringify(value)).otherwise(() => value);
+      }
     }
   }
   buildRelationSelection(query, model, relationField, parentAlias, payload) {
     return query.select((eb) => this.buildRelationJSON(model, eb, relationField, parentAlias, payload).as(relationField));
   }
-  buildRelationJSON(model, eb, relationField, parentName, payload) {
+  buildRelationJSON(model, eb, relationField, parentAlias, payload) {
     const relationFieldDef = requireField(this.schema, model, relationField);
     const relationModel = relationFieldDef.type;
     const relationModelDef = requireModel(this.schema, relationModel);
-    const subQueryName = `${parentName}$${relationField}`;
-    let tbl = eb.selectFrom(() => {
-      let subQuery = eb.selectFrom(relationModel).selectAll();
-      if (payload && typeof payload === "object") {
-        if (payload.where) {
-          subQuery = subQuery.where((eb2) => this.buildFilter(eb2, relationModel, relationModel, payload.where));
-        }
-        const skip = payload.skip;
-        let take = payload.take;
-        let negateOrderBy = false;
-        if (take !== void 0 && take < 0) {
-          negateOrderBy = true;
-          take = -take;
-        }
-        subQuery = this.buildSkipTake(subQuery, skip, take);
-        subQuery = this.buildOrderBy(subQuery, relationModel, relationModel, payload.orderBy, skip !== void 0 || take !== void 0, negateOrderBy);
-      }
-      const m2m = getManyToManyRelation(this.schema, model, relationField);
-      if (m2m) {
-        const parentIds = getIdFields(this.schema, model);
-        const relationIds = getIdFields(this.schema, relationModel);
-        invariant3(parentIds.length === 1, "many-to-many relation must have exactly one id field");
-        invariant3(relationIds.length === 1, "many-to-many relation must have exactly one id field");
-        subQuery = subQuery.where(eb(eb.ref(`${relationModel}.${relationIds[0]}`), "in", eb.selectFrom(m2m.joinTable).select(`${m2m.joinTable}.${m2m.otherFkName}`).whereRef(`${parentName}.${parentIds[0]}`, "=", `${m2m.joinTable}.${m2m.parentFkName}`)));
-      } else {
-        const { keyPairs, ownedByModel } = getRelationForeignKeyFieldPairs(this.schema, model, relationField);
-        keyPairs.forEach(({ fk, pk }) => {
-          if (ownedByModel) {
-            subQuery = subQuery.whereRef(`${relationModel}.${pk}`, "=", `${parentName}.${fk}`);
-          } else {
-            subQuery = subQuery.whereRef(`${relationModel}.${fk}`, "=", `${parentName}.${pk}`);
-          }
-        });
-      }
-      return subQuery.as(subQueryName);
-    });
+    const subQueryName = `${parentAlias}$${relationField}`;
+    let tbl;
+    if (this.canJoinWithoutNestedSelect(relationModelDef, payload)) {
+      tbl = this.buildModelSelect(eb, relationModel, subQueryName, payload, false);
+      tbl = this.buildRelationJoinFilter(tbl, model, relationField, subQueryName, parentAlias);
+    } else {
+      tbl = eb.selectFrom(() => {
+        const selectModelAlias = `${parentAlias}$${relationField}$sub`;
+        let selectModelQuery = this.buildModelSelect(eb, relationModel, selectModelAlias, payload, true);
+        selectModelQuery = this.buildRelationJoinFilter(selectModelQuery, model, relationField, selectModelAlias, parentAlias);
+        return selectModelQuery.as(subQueryName);
+      });
+    }
     tbl = tbl.select(() => {
       const objArgs = [];
+      const descendantModels = getDelegateDescendantModels(this.schema, relationModel);
+      if (descendantModels.length > 0) {
+        objArgs.push(...descendantModels.map((subModel) => [
+          sql3.lit(`${DELEGATE_JOINED_FIELD_PREFIX}${subModel.name}`),
+          eb.ref(`${DELEGATE_JOINED_FIELD_PREFIX}${subModel.name}`)
+        ]).flatMap((v) => v));
+      }
       if (payload === true || !payload.select) {
         objArgs.push(...Object.entries(relationModelDef.fields).filter(([, value]) => !value.relation).filter(([name]) => !(typeof payload === "object" && payload.omit?.[name] === true)).map(([field]) => [
           sql3.lit(field),
-          buildFieldRef(this.schema, relationModel, field, this.options, eb)
+          this.fieldRef(relationModel, field, eb, subQueryName, false)
         ]).flatMap((v) => v));
       } else if (payload.select) {
         objArgs.push(...Object.entries(payload.select).filter(([, value]) => value).map(([field, value]) => {
-          const fieldDef = requireField(this.schema, relationModel, field);
-          if (fieldDef.relation) {
-            const subJson = this.buildRelationJSON(relationModel, eb, field, `${parentName}$${relationField}`, value);
+          if (field === "_count") {
+            const subJson = this.buildCountJson(relationModel, eb, `${parentAlias}$${relationField}`, value);
             return [
               sql3.lit(field),
               subJson
             ];
           } else {
-            return [
-              sql3.lit(field),
-              buildFieldRef(this.schema, relationModel, field, this.options, eb)
-            ];
+            const fieldDef = requireField(this.schema, relationModel, field);
+            if (fieldDef.relation) {
+              const subJson = this.buildRelationJSON(relationModel, eb, field, `${parentAlias}$${relationField}`, value);
+              return [
+                sql3.lit(field),
+                subJson
+              ];
+            } else {
+              return [
+                sql3.lit(field),
+                this.fieldRef(relationModel, field, eb, subQueryName, false)
+              ];
+            }
           }
         }).flatMap((v) => v));
       }
       if (typeof payload === "object" && payload.include && typeof payload.include === "object") {
         objArgs.push(...Object.entries(payload.include).filter(([, value]) => value).map(([field, value]) => {
-          const subJson = this.buildRelationJSON(relationModel, eb, field, `${parentName}$${relationField}`, value);
+          const subJson = this.buildRelationJSON(relationModel, eb, field, `${parentAlias}$${relationField}`, value);
           return [
             sql3.lit(field),
             subJson
@@ -951,13 +1298,35 @@ var SqliteCrudDialect = class extends BaseCrudDialect {
         }).flatMap((v) => v));
       }
       if (relationFieldDef.array) {
-        return eb.fn.coalesce(sql3`json_group_array(json_object(${sql3.join(objArgs)}))`, sql3`json_array()`).as("$j");
+        return eb.fn.coalesce(sql3`json_group_array(json_object(${sql3.join(objArgs)}))`, sql3`json_array()`).as("$data");
       } else {
-        return sql3`json_object(${sql3.join(objArgs)})`.as("data");
+        return sql3`json_object(${sql3.join(objArgs)})`.as("$data");
       }
     });
     return tbl;
   }
+  buildRelationJoinFilter(selectModelQuery, model, relationField, relationModelAlias, parentAlias) {
+    const fieldDef = requireField(this.schema, model, relationField);
+    const relationModel = fieldDef.type;
+    const m2m = getManyToManyRelation(this.schema, model, relationField);
+    if (m2m) {
+      const parentIds = getIdFields(this.schema, model);
+      const relationIds = getIdFields(this.schema, relationModel);
+      invariant3(parentIds.length === 1, "many-to-many relation must have exactly one id field");
+      invariant3(relationIds.length === 1, "many-to-many relation must have exactly one id field");
+      selectModelQuery = selectModelQuery.where((eb) => eb(eb.ref(`${relationModelAlias}.${relationIds[0]}`), "in", eb.selectFrom(m2m.joinTable).select(`${m2m.joinTable}.${m2m.otherFkName}`).whereRef(`${parentAlias}.${parentIds[0]}`, "=", `${m2m.joinTable}.${m2m.parentFkName}`)));
+    } else {
+      const { keyPairs, ownedByModel } = getRelationForeignKeyFieldPairs(this.schema, model, relationField);
+      keyPairs.forEach(({ fk, pk }) => {
+        if (ownedByModel) {
+          selectModelQuery = selectModelQuery.whereRef(`${relationModelAlias}.${pk}`, "=", `${parentAlias}.${fk}`);
+        } else {
+          selectModelQuery = selectModelQuery.whereRef(`${relationModelAlias}.${fk}`, "=", `${parentAlias}.${pk}`);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return selectModelQuery;
+  }
   buildSkipTake(query, skip, take) {
     if (take !== void 0) {
       query = query.limit(take);
@@ -993,93 +1362,17 @@ var SqliteCrudDialect = class extends BaseCrudDialect {
   buildArrayLiteralSQL(_values) {
     throw new Error("SQLite does not support array literals");
   }
+  get supportInsertWithDefault() {
+    return false;
+  }
 };
 
 // src/client/crud/dialects/index.ts
 function getCrudDialect(schema, options) {
-  return match4(schema.provider.type).with("sqlite", () => new SqliteCrudDialect(schema, options)).with("postgresql", () => new PostgresCrudDialect(schema, options)).exhaustive();
+  return match5(schema.provider.type).with("sqlite", () => new SqliteCrudDialect(schema, options)).with("postgresql", () => new PostgresCrudDialect(schema, options)).exhaustive();
 }
 __name(getCrudDialect, "getCrudDialect");
 
-// src/schema/expression.ts
-var ExpressionUtils = {
-  literal: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => {
-    return {
-      kind: "literal",
-      value
-    };
-  }, "literal"),
-  array: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((items) => {
-    return {
-      kind: "array",
-      items
-    };
-  }, "array"),
-  call: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((functionName, args) => {
-    return {
-      kind: "call",
-      function: functionName,
-      args
-    };
-  }, "call"),
-  binary: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((left, op, right) => {
-    return {
-      kind: "binary",
-      op,
-      left,
-      right
-    };
-  }, "binary"),
-  unary: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((op, operand) => {
-    return {
-      kind: "unary",
-      op,
-      operand
-    };
-  }, "unary"),
-  field: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((field) => {
-    return {
-      kind: "field",
-      field
-    };
-  }, "field"),
-  member: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((receiver, members) => {
-    return {
-      kind: "member",
-      receiver,
-      members
-    };
-  }, "member"),
-  _this: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => {
-    return {
-      kind: "this"
-    };
-  }, "_this"),
-  _null: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => {
-    return {
-      kind: "null"
-    };
-  }, "_null"),
-  and: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((expr2, ...expressions) => {
-    return expressions.reduce((acc, exp) => ExpressionUtils.binary(acc, "&&", exp), expr2);
-  }, "and"),
-  or: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((expr2, ...expressions) => {
-    return expressions.reduce((acc, exp) => ExpressionUtils.binary(acc, "||", exp), expr2);
-  }, "or"),
-  is: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value, kind) => {
-    return !!value && typeof value === "object" && "kind" in value && value.kind === kind;
-  }, "is"),
-  isLiteral: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "literal"), "isLiteral"),
-  isArray: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "array"), "isArray"),
-  isCall: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "call"), "isCall"),
-  isNull: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "null"), "isNull"),
-  isThis: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "this"), "isThis"),
-  isUnary: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "unary"), "isUnary"),
-  isBinary: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "binary"), "isBinary"),
-  isField: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "field"), "isField"),
-  isMember: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((value) => ExpressionUtils.is(value, "member"), "isMember")
-};
-
 // src/utils/default-operation-node-visitor.ts
 import { OperationNodeVisitor } from "kysely";
 var DefaultOperationNodeVisitor = class extends OperationNodeVisitor {
@@ -1400,18 +1693,18 @@ var ColumnCollector = class extends DefaultOperationNodeVisitor {
 
 // src/plugins/policy/expression-transformer.ts
 import { invariant as invariant5 } from "@zenstackhq/common-helpers";
-import { AliasNode as AliasNode2, BinaryOperationNode as BinaryOperationNode2, ColumnNode, expressionBuilder, FromNode, FunctionNode as FunctionNode2, IdentifierNode, OperatorNode as OperatorNode2, ReferenceNode as ReferenceNode2, SelectionNode, SelectQueryNode, TableNode as TableNode2, ValueListNode, ValueNode as ValueNode2, WhereNode } from "kysely";
-import { match as match6 } from "ts-pattern";
+import { AliasNode as AliasNode2, BinaryOperationNode as BinaryOperationNode2, ColumnNode, expressionBuilder as expressionBuilder2, FromNode, FunctionNode as FunctionNode2, IdentifierNode, OperatorNode as OperatorNode2, ReferenceNode as ReferenceNode2, SelectionNode, SelectQueryNode, TableNode as TableNode2, ValueListNode, ValueNode as ValueNode2, WhereNode } from "kysely";
+import { match as match7 } from "ts-pattern";
 
 // src/plugins/policy/expression-evaluator.ts
 import { invariant as invariant4 } from "@zenstackhq/common-helpers";
-import { match as match5 } from "ts-pattern";
+import { match as match6 } from "ts-pattern";
 var ExpressionEvaluator = class {
   static {
     __name(this, "ExpressionEvaluator");
   }
   evaluate(expression, context) {
-    const result = match5(expression).when(ExpressionUtils.isArray, (expr2) => this.evaluateArray(expr2, context)).when(ExpressionUtils.isBinary, (expr2) => this.evaluateBinary(expr2, context)).when(ExpressionUtils.isField, (expr2) => this.evaluateField(expr2, context)).when(ExpressionUtils.isLiteral, (expr2) => this.evaluateLiteral(expr2)).when(ExpressionUtils.isMember, (expr2) => this.evaluateMember(expr2, context)).when(ExpressionUtils.isUnary, (expr2) => this.evaluateUnary(expr2, context)).when(ExpressionUtils.isCall, (expr2) => this.evaluateCall(expr2, context)).when(ExpressionUtils.isThis, () => context.thisValue).when(ExpressionUtils.isNull, () => null).exhaustive();
+    const result = match6(expression).when(ExpressionUtils.isArray, (expr2) => this.evaluateArray(expr2, context)).when(ExpressionUtils.isBinary, (expr2) => this.evaluateBinary(expr2, context)).when(ExpressionUtils.isField, (expr2) => this.evaluateField(expr2, context)).when(ExpressionUtils.isLiteral, (expr2) => this.evaluateLiteral(expr2)).when(ExpressionUtils.isMember, (expr2) => this.evaluateMember(expr2, context)).when(ExpressionUtils.isUnary, (expr2) => this.evaluateUnary(expr2, context)).when(ExpressionUtils.isCall, (expr2) => this.evaluateCall(expr2, context)).when(ExpressionUtils.isThis, () => context.thisValue).when(ExpressionUtils.isNull, () => null).exhaustive();
     return result ?? null;
   }
   evaluateCall(expr2, context) {
@@ -1422,7 +1715,7 @@ var ExpressionEvaluator = class {
     }
   }
   evaluateUnary(expr2, context) {
-    return match5(expr2.op).with("!", () => !this.evaluate(expr2.operand, context)).exhaustive();
+    return match6(expr2.op).with("!", () => !this.evaluate(expr2.operand, context)).exhaustive();
   }
   evaluateMember(expr2, context) {
     let val = this.evaluate(expr2.receiver, context);
@@ -1446,7 +1739,7 @@ var ExpressionEvaluator = class {
     }
     const left = this.evaluate(expr2.left, context);
     const right = this.evaluate(expr2.right, context);
-    return match5(expr2.op).with("==", () => left === right).with("!=", () => left !== right).with(">", () => left > right).with(">=", () => left >= right).with("<", () => left < right).with("<=", () => left <= right).with("&&", () => left && right).with("||", () => left || right).with("in", () => {
+    return match6(expr2.op).with("==", () => left === right).with("!=", () => left !== right).with(">", () => left > right).with(">=", () => left >= right).with("<", () => left < right).with("<=", () => left <= right).with("&&", () => left && right).with("||", () => left || right).with("in", () => {
       const _right = right ?? [];
       invariant4(Array.isArray(_right), 'expected array for "in" operator');
       return _right.includes(left);
@@ -1460,7 +1753,7 @@ var ExpressionEvaluator = class {
       return false;
     }
     invariant4(Array.isArray(left), "expected array");
-    return match5(op).with("?", () => left.some((item) => this.evaluate(expr2.right, {
+    return match6(op).with("?", () => left.some((item) => this.evaluate(expr2.right, {
       ...context,
       thisValue: item
     }))).with("!", () => left.every((item) => this.evaluate(expr2.right, {
@@ -1714,7 +2007,7 @@ var ExpressionTransformer = class {
     const count = FunctionNode2.create("count", [
       ValueNode2.createImmediate(1)
     ]);
-    const predicateResult = match6(expr2.op).with("?", () => BinaryOperationNode2.create(count, OperatorNode2.create(">"), ValueNode2.createImmediate(0))).with("!", () => BinaryOperationNode2.create(count, OperatorNode2.create("="), ValueNode2.createImmediate(0))).with("^", () => BinaryOperationNode2.create(count, OperatorNode2.create("="), ValueNode2.createImmediate(0))).exhaustive();
+    const predicateResult = match7(expr2.op).with("?", () => BinaryOperationNode2.create(count, OperatorNode2.create(">"), ValueNode2.createImmediate(0))).with("!", () => BinaryOperationNode2.create(count, OperatorNode2.create("="), ValueNode2.createImmediate(0))).with("^", () => BinaryOperationNode2.create(count, OperatorNode2.create("="), ValueNode2.createImmediate(0))).exhaustive();
     return this.transform(expr2.left, {
       ...context,
       memberSelect: SelectionNode.create(AliasNode2.create(predicateResult, IdentifierNode.create("$t"))),
@@ -1745,7 +2038,7 @@ var ExpressionTransformer = class {
     return BinaryOperationNode2.create(this.transform(expr2.operand, context), this.transformOperator("!="), trueNode(this.dialect));
   }
   transformOperator(op) {
-    const mappedOp = match6(op).with("==", () => "=").otherwise(() => op);
+    const mappedOp = match7(op).with("==", () => "=").otherwise(() => op);
     return OperatorNode2.create(mappedOp);
   }
   _call(expr2, context) {
@@ -1757,7 +2050,7 @@ var ExpressionTransformer = class {
     if (!func) {
       throw new QueryError(`Function not implemented: ${expr2.function}`);
     }
-    const eb = expressionBuilder();
+    const eb = expressionBuilder2();
     return func(eb, (expr2.args ?? []).map((arg) => this.transformCallArg(eb, arg, context)), {
       dialect: this.dialect,
       model: context.model,
@@ -2148,7 +2441,7 @@ var PolicyHandler = class extends OperationNodeTransformer {
     return disjunction(this.dialect, rows.map((row) => conjunction(this.dialect, idFields.map((field) => BinaryOperationNode3.create(ColumnNode2.create(field), OperatorNode3.create("="), ValueNode3.create(row[field]))))));
   }
   getMutationModel(node) {
-    const r = match7(node).when(InsertQueryNode.is, (node2) => getTableName(node2.into)).when(UpdateQueryNode.is, (node2) => getTableName(node2.table)).when(DeleteQueryNode.is, (node2) => {
+    const r = match8(node).when(InsertQueryNode.is, (node2) => getTableName(node2.into)).when(UpdateQueryNode.is, (node2) => getTableName(node2.table)).when(DeleteQueryNode.is, (node2) => {
       if (node2.from.froms.length !== 1) {
         throw new InternalError("Only one from table is supported for delete");
       }
@@ -2328,4 +2621,4 @@ export {
   PolicyPlugin,
   RejectedByPolicyError
 };
-//# sourceMappingURL=policy.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map