@zeix/cause-effect 1.0.2 → 1.1.0

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,16 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 1.1.0
+
+### Added
+
+- **Single-signal overload for `match()`**: `match(signal, handlers)` now accepts a bare signal (not wrapped in an array). The `ok` handler receives the resolved value directly as `(value: T)`, and `err` receives a single `Error` rather than `readonly Error[]`. The existing tuple form is unchanged. This eliminates the boilerplate of wrapping a single source in `[source]`, destructuring `values[0]` in `ok`, and unwrapping `errors[0]!` in `err`.
+- **`SingleMatchHandlers<T>` type**: New exported type that describes the handler object for the single-signal overload. Counterpart to the existing `MatchHandlers<T>` for tuple usage.
+
+### Changed
+
+- **Async handler documentation**: Added `@remarks` to the `match()` JSDoc and an expanded section in `README.md` clarifying that async `ok`/`err` handlers are intended for external side effects only (logging, DOM writes, analytics). Any async work that needs to drive reactive state should use a `Task` node, which receives an `AbortSignal` and is auto-cancelled on re-run. Documents the known limitation that rejected async handlers from stale (superseded) runs still call `err`, since the library cannot cancel operations it did not initiate.
+
 ## 1.0.2
 
 ### Added

package/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Cause & Effect
 
-Version 1.0.2
+Version 1.1.0
 
 **Cause & Effect** is a reactive state management primitives library for TypeScript. It provides the foundational building blocks for managing complex, dynamic, composite, and asynchronous state — correctly and performantly — in a unified signal graph.
 
@@ -392,14 +392,40 @@ const userData = createTask(async (_, abort) => {
 })
 
 createEffect(() => {
-  match([userData], {
-    ok: ([user]) => console.log('User:', user),
+  match(userData, {
+    ok: user => console.log('User:', user),
     nil: () => console.log('Loading...'),
-    err: errors => console.error(errors[0])
+    err: error => console.error(error)
   })
 })
 ```
 
+**When to make a handler async.** The `ok` (and `err`) handler may return a `Promise`. Use this for *external* side effects whose result does not need to drive reactive state — sending analytics, writing to IndexedDB, triggering a toast notification, or any fire-and-forget call. A cleanup function returned by the resolved Promise is registered and called synchronously before the next re-run.
+
+**Do not set signal state inside an async handler.** If the async result needs to update the graph, model it as a `Task` instead. `Task` receives an `AbortSignal`, is auto-cancelled when its dependencies change, and exposes its pending / resolved / error states as first-class reactive values that compose naturally with `nil` and `err`.
+
+```js
+// ✗ Don't: async handler that writes back into the graph
+createEffect(() => match(trigger, {
+  ok: async () => {
+    const data = await fetch('/api/data').then(r => r.json())
+    result.set(data) // ← side-channel write, not tracked, no cancellation
+  }
+}))
+
+// ✓ Do: derive the async value as a Task, read it in match()
+const result = createTask(async (_, signal) =>
+  fetch('/api/data', { signal }).then(r => r.json()))
+
+createEffect(() => match(result, {
+  ok: data => render(data),
+  nil: () => showSpinner(),
+  err: e => showError(e)
+}))
+```
+
+**Stale-run rejections still reach `err`.** When a signal changes and the effect re-runs, the in-flight async handler from the previous run cannot be cancelled (the library did not initiate the underlying operation). If that stale operation eventually rejects, `err` will be called even though a newer run is already active. This is another reason to keep async handlers free of state writes — routing errors to `err` is safe when `err` is a pure side effect (logging, displaying a notification), but it becomes incorrect if `err` calls `.set()` on a signal that run 2 has already updated.
+
 ### Utilities
 
 Polymorphic factories and type predicates for generic and library-author code.

package/index.dev.js

@@ -1229,10 +1229,14 @@ function createEffect(fn) {
   runEffect(node);
   return dispose;
 }
-function match(signals, handlers) {
+function match(signalOrSignals, handlers) {
   if (!activeOwner)
     throw new RequiredOwnerError("match");
-  const { ok, err = console.error, nil } = handlers;
+  const isSingle = !Array.isArray(signalOrSignals);
+  const signals = isSingle ? [signalOrSignals] : signalOrSignals;
+  const { nil } = handlers;
+  const ok = isSingle ? (values2) => handlers.ok(values2[0]) : (values2) => handlers.ok(values2);
+  const err = isSingle && handlers.err ? (errors2) => handlers.err(errors2[0]) : handlers.err ?? console.error;
   let errors;
   let pending = false;
   const values = new Array(signals.length);

package/index.js

@@ -1 +1 @@
-function g($){return typeof $==="function"}function o($){return g($)&&$.constructor.name==="AsyncFunction"}function X$($){return g($)&&$.constructor.name!=="AsyncFunction"}function f($,J){return Object.prototype.toString.call($)===`[object ${J}]`}function E($){return f($,"Object")}function f$($,J=(z)=>z!=null){return Array.isArray($)&&$.every(J)}function D$($){return typeof $==="string"?`"${$}"`:!!$&&typeof $==="object"?JSON.stringify($):String($)}class Z$ extends Error{constructor($){super(`[${$}] Circular dependency detected`);this.name="CircularDependencyError"}}class A$ extends TypeError{constructor($){super(`[${$}] Signal value cannot be null or undefined`);this.name="NullishSignalValueError"}}class i extends Error{constructor($){super(`[${$}] Signal value is unset`);this.name="UnsetSignalValueError"}}class W$ extends TypeError{constructor($,J){super(`[${$}] Signal value ${D$(J)} is invalid`);this.name="InvalidSignalValueError"}}class b$ extends 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package/index.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @name Cause & Effect
- * @version 1.0.2
+ * @version 1.1.0
  * @author Esther Brunner
  */
 
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ export {
 export {
 	createEffect,
 	type MatchHandlers,
+	type SingleMatchHandlers,
 	type MaybePromise,
 	match,
 } from './src/nodes/effect'

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@zeix/cause-effect",
-	"version": "1.0.2",
+	"version": "1.1.0",
 	"author": "Esther Brunner",
 	"type": "module",
 	"main": "index.js",
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 	"types": "types/index.d.ts",
 	"devDependencies": {
 		"@biomejs/biome": "2.4.6",
-		"bun-types": "latest",
+		"@types/bun": "latest",
 		"mitata": "^1.0.34",
 		"random": "^5.4.1",
-		"typescript": "latest"
+		"typescript": "^6.0.2"
 	},
 	"peerDependencies": {
 		"typescript": ">=5.8.0"

package/src/nodes/effect.ts

@@ -39,6 +39,20 @@ type MatchHandlers<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]> = {
 	nil?: () => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>
 }
 
+/**
+ * Handlers for a single signal passed to `match()`.
+ *
+ * @template T - The value type of the signal being matched
+ */
+type SingleMatchHandlers<T extends {}> = {
+	/** Called when the signal has a value. Receives the resolved value directly. */
+	ok: (value: T) => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>
+	/** Called when the signal holds an error. Receives the error directly. Defaults to `console.error`. */
+	err?: (error: Error) => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>
+	/** Called when the signal is unset (pending). */
+	nil?: () => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>
+}
+
 /* === Exported Functions === */
 
 /**
@@ -96,6 +110,20 @@ function createEffect(fn: EffectCallback): Cleanup {
 	return dispose
 }
 
+/**
+ * Reads one or more signals and dispatches to the appropriate handler based on their state.
+ * Must be called within an active owner (effect or scope) so async cleanup can be registered.
+ *
+ * @since 1.1
+ * @param signal - A single signal to read.
+ * @param handlers - Object with an `ok` branch (receives the value directly) and optional `err` and `nil` branches.
+ * @returns An optional cleanup function if the active handler returns one.
+ * @throws RequiredOwnerError If called without an active owner.
+ */
+function match<T extends {}>(
+	signal: Signal<T>,
+	handlers: SingleMatchHandlers<T>,
+): MaybeCleanup
 /**
  * Reads one or more signals and dispatches to the appropriate handler based on their state.
  * Must be called within an active owner (effect or scope) so async cleanup can be registered.
@@ -105,13 +133,41 @@ function createEffect(fn: EffectCallback): Cleanup {
  * @param handlers - Object with an `ok` branch and optional `err` and `nil` branches.
  * @returns An optional cleanup function if the active handler returns one.
  * @throws RequiredOwnerError If called without an active owner.
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * **Async handlers are for external side effects only** — DOM mutations, analytics, logging,
+ * or any fire-and-forget API call whose result does not need to drive reactive state.
+ * Do not call `.set()` on a signal inside an async handler: use a `Task` node instead,
+ * which receives an `AbortSignal`, is auto-cancelled on re-run, and integrates cleanly
+ * with `nil` and `err` branches.
+ *
+ * Rejections from async handlers are always routed to `err`, including rejections from
+ * stale runs that were already superseded by a newer signal value. The library cannot
+ * cancel external operations it did not start.
  */
 function match<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]>(
 	signals: readonly [...T],
 	handlers: MatchHandlers<T>,
+): MaybeCleanup
+function match(
+	signalOrSignals: Signal<unknown & {}> | readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[],
+	// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: implementation overload, not part of the public API
+	handlers: any,
 ): MaybeCleanup {
 	if (!activeOwner) throw new RequiredOwnerError('match')
-	const { ok, err = console.error, nil } = handlers
+
+	const isSingle = !Array.isArray(signalOrSignals)
+	const signals = isSingle ? [signalOrSignals] : signalOrSignals
+
+	const { nil } = handlers
+	const ok = isSingle
+		? (values: unknown[]) => handlers.ok(values[0])
+		: (values: unknown[]) => handlers.ok(values)
+	const err: (errors: readonly Error[]) => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup> =
+		isSingle && handlers.err
+			? (errors: readonly Error[]) => handlers.err(errors[0])
+			: (handlers.err ?? console.error)
+
 	let errors: Error[] | undefined
 	let pending = false
 	const values = new Array(signals.length)
@@ -133,12 +189,7 @@ function match<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]>(
 	try {
 		if (pending) out = nil?.()
 		else if (errors) out = err(errors)
-		else
-			out = ok(
-				values as {
-					[K in keyof T]: T[K] extends Signal<infer V> ? V : never
-				},
-			)
+		else out = ok(values)
 	} catch (e) {
 		err([e instanceof Error ? e : new Error(String(e))])
 	}
@@ -158,4 +209,10 @@ function match<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]>(
 	}
 }
 
-export { type MaybePromise, type MatchHandlers, createEffect, match }
+export {
+	type MaybePromise,
+	type MatchHandlers,
+	type SingleMatchHandlers,
+	createEffect,
+	match,
+}

package/test/effect.test.ts

@@ -475,6 +475,94 @@ describe('match', () => {
 		expect(() => match([], { ok: () => {} })).toThrow(RequiredOwnerError)
 	})
 
+	describe('Single-signal overload', () => {
+		test('should call ok with unwrapped value', () => {
+			const s = createState(42)
+			let result = 0
+			createEffect(() =>
+				match(s, {
+					ok: value => {
+						result = value
+					},
+				}),
+			)
+			expect(result).toBe(42)
+			s.set(99)
+			expect(result).toBe(99)
+		})
+
+		test('should call nil handler when signal is unset', async () => {
+			const task = createTask(async () => {
+				await wait(50)
+				return 42
+			})
+			let okCount = 0
+			let nilCount = 0
+			createEffect(() =>
+				match(task, {
+					ok: value => {
+						okCount++
+						expect(value).toBe(42)
+					},
+					nil: () => {
+						nilCount++
+					},
+				}),
+			)
+			expect(okCount).toBe(0)
+			expect(nilCount).toBe(1)
+			await wait(60)
+			expect(okCount).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+			expect(nilCount).toBe(1)
+		})
+
+		test('should call err with unwrapped Error', () => {
+			const a = createState(1)
+			const b = createMemo(() => {
+				if (a.get() > 5) throw new Error('Too high')
+				return a.get() * 2
+			})
+			let okCount = 0
+			let errCount = 0
+			createEffect(() =>
+				match(b, {
+					ok: () => {
+						okCount++
+					},
+					err: error => {
+						errCount++
+						expect(error.message).toBe('Too high')
+					},
+				}),
+			)
+			expect(okCount).toBe(1)
+			a.set(6)
+			expect(errCount).toBe(1)
+			a.set(3)
+			expect(okCount).toBe(2)
+			expect(errCount).toBe(1)
+		})
+
+		test('should fall back to console.error for single signal without err handler', () => {
+			const originalConsoleError = console.error
+			const mockConsoleError = mock(() => {})
+			console.error = mockConsoleError
+
+			try {
+				const a = createState(1)
+				const b = createMemo(() => {
+					if (a.get() > 5) throw new Error('Too high')
+					return a.get() * 2
+				})
+				createEffect(() => match(b, { ok: () => {} }))
+				a.set(6)
+				expect(mockConsoleError).toHaveBeenCalled()
+			} finally {
+				console.error = originalConsoleError
+			}
+		})
+	})
+
 	test('should resolve multiple async tasks without waterfalls', async () => {
 		const a = createTask(async () => {
 			await wait(20)

package/types/index.d.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 /**
  * @name Cause & Effect
- * @version 1.0.2
+ * @version 1.1.0
  * @author Esther Brunner
  */
 export { CircularDependencyError, type Guard, InvalidCallbackError, InvalidSignalValueError, NullishSignalValueError, ReadonlySignalError, RequiredOwnerError, UnsetSignalValueError, } from './src/errors';
 export { batch, type Cleanup, type ComputedOptions, createScope, type EffectCallback, type MaybeCleanup, type MemoCallback, type Signal, type SignalOptions, SKIP_EQUALITY, type TaskCallback, unown, untrack, } from './src/graph';
 export { type Collection, type CollectionCallback, type CollectionChanges, type CollectionOptions, createCollection, type DeriveCollectionCallback, isCollection, } from './src/nodes/collection';
-export { createEffect, type MatchHandlers, type MaybePromise, match, } from './src/nodes/effect';
+export { createEffect, type MatchHandlers, type SingleMatchHandlers, type MaybePromise, match, } from './src/nodes/effect';
 export { createList, isEqual, isList, type KeyConfig, type List, type ListOptions, } from './src/nodes/list';
 export { createMemo, isMemo, type Memo } from './src/nodes/memo';
 export { createSensor, isSensor, type Sensor, type SensorCallback, type SensorOptions, } from './src/nodes/sensor';

package/types/src/nodes/effect.d.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,19 @@ type MatchHandlers<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]> = {
     /** Called when one or more signals are unset (pending). */
     nil?: () => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>;
 };
+/**
+ * Handlers for a single signal passed to `match()`.
+ *
+ * @template T - The value type of the signal being matched
+ */
+type SingleMatchHandlers<T extends {}> = {
+    /** Called when the signal has a value. Receives the resolved value directly. */
+    ok: (value: T) => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>;
+    /** Called when the signal holds an error. Receives the error directly. Defaults to `console.error`. */
+    err?: (error: Error) => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>;
+    /** Called when the signal is unset (pending). */
+    nil?: () => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>;
+};
 /**
  * Creates a reactive effect that automatically runs when its dependencies change.
  * Effects run immediately upon creation and re-run when any tracked signal changes.
@@ -46,6 +59,17 @@ type MatchHandlers<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]> = {
  * ```
  */
 declare function createEffect(fn: EffectCallback): Cleanup;
+/**
+ * Reads one or more signals and dispatches to the appropriate handler based on their state.
+ * Must be called within an active owner (effect or scope) so async cleanup can be registered.
+ *
+ * @since 1.1
+ * @param signal - A single signal to read.
+ * @param handlers - Object with an `ok` branch (receives the value directly) and optional `err` and `nil` branches.
+ * @returns An optional cleanup function if the active handler returns one.
+ * @throws RequiredOwnerError If called without an active owner.
+ */
+declare function match<T extends {}>(signal: Signal<T>, handlers: SingleMatchHandlers<T>): MaybeCleanup;
 /**
  * Reads one or more signals and dispatches to the appropriate handler based on their state.
  * Must be called within an active owner (effect or scope) so async cleanup can be registered.
@@ -55,6 +79,17 @@ declare function createEffect(fn: EffectCallback): Cleanup;
  * @param handlers - Object with an `ok` branch and optional `err` and `nil` branches.
  * @returns An optional cleanup function if the active handler returns one.
  * @throws RequiredOwnerError If called without an active owner.
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * **Async handlers are for external side effects only** — DOM mutations, analytics, logging,
+ * or any fire-and-forget API call whose result does not need to drive reactive state.
+ * Do not call `.set()` on a signal inside an async handler: use a `Task` node instead,
+ * which receives an `AbortSignal`, is auto-cancelled on re-run, and integrates cleanly
+ * with `nil` and `err` branches.
+ *
+ * Rejections from async handlers are always routed to `err`, including rejections from
+ * stale runs that were already superseded by a newer signal value. The library cannot
+ * cancel external operations it did not start.
  */
 declare function match<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]>(signals: readonly [...T], handlers: MatchHandlers<T>): MaybeCleanup;
-export { type MaybePromise, type MatchHandlers, createEffect, match };
+export { type MaybePromise, type MatchHandlers, type SingleMatchHandlers, createEffect, match, };