@zeix/cause-effect 1.0.1 → 1.1.0

package/.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -120,6 +120,9 @@ const users = createList(
   [{ id: 'alice', name: 'Alice' }],
   { keyConfig: u => u.id }
 )
+const key = users.add({ id: 'bob', name: 'Bob' })
+users.replace(key, { id: 'bob', name: 'Bobby' }) // update item, propagates to all subscribers
+users.remove(key)
 
 // Memo for synchronous derived values
 const doubled = createMemo(() => count.get() * 2)

package/ARCHITECTURE.md

@@ -253,6 +253,8 @@ A reactive object where each property is its own signal. Properties are automati
 
 **Two-path access with `FLAG_RELINK`**: On first `get()`, `refresh()` executes `buildValue()` with `activeSink = storeNode`, establishing edges from each child signal to the store. Subsequent reads use a fast path: `untrack(buildValue)` rebuilds the value without re-establishing edges. Structural mutations (`add`/`remove`/`set` with additions or removals) set `FLAG_DIRTY | FLAG_RELINK` on the node. The next `get()` detects `FLAG_RELINK` and forces a tracked `refresh()` after rebuilding the value, so `recomputeMemo()` links new child signals and trims removed ones without orphaning edges.
 
+**Same two-path propagation asymmetry as List**: `store.name.set(v)` (via proxy, equivalent to `byKey('name').set(v)`) propagates only if `childSignal → storeNode` edges exist — which requires `store.get()` to have been called at least once. Effects that subscribe only via `store.keys()` or the iterator, without ever calling `store.get()`, will not be notified of child signal mutations. In practice this is uncommon for Store because typical consumers either call `store.get()` (whole object) or `store.name.get()` (single property) — both of which establish the necessary edges. Effects that use `store.set({...})` rather than `store.name.set(v)` are always safe: `set()` explicitly propagates through `node.sinks` after `applyChanges()`.
+
 **Diff-based updates**: `store.set(newObj)` diffs the new object against the current state, applying only the granular changes to child signals. This preserves identity of unchanged child signals and their downstream edges.
 
 **Watched lifecycle**: An optional `watched` callback in options provides lazy resource allocation, following the same pattern as Sensor — activated on first sink, cleaned up when the last sink detaches.
@@ -269,6 +271,30 @@ A reactive array with stable keys and per-item reactivity. Each item becomes a `
 
 **Diff-based updates**: `list.set(newArray)` uses `diffArrays()` to compute granular additions, changes, and removals. Changed items update their existing `State` signals; structural changes (add/remove) set `FLAG_DIRTY | FLAG_RELINK`.
 
+**Two propagation paths — and the asymmetry between them**
+
+The List node has two distinct propagation paths. Understanding when each applies is essential for correct usage and for implementing `replace()`:
+
+| Path | Trigger | How it works | When it fires |
+|------|---------|-------------|---------------|
+| Structural | `add()`, `remove()`, `sort()`, `splice()`, `set()` | Calls `propagate(e.sink)` directly on `node.sinks` | Always, as soon as any consumer has subscribed via `keys()`, `length`, `get()`, or iterator |
+| Value | `byKey(k).set(v)` on a raw item signal | `setState(itemNode)` → propagates to `itemNode.sinks` → listNode (if linked) → downstream | Only if `recomputeMemo(listNode)` has previously run with that item, establishing the `itemSignal → listNode` edge |
+
+The value path has a prerequisite: `list.get()` must have been called at least once after the item was present, so that `buildValue()` executed with `activeSink = listNode` and called `link(itemSignal, listNode)` for each item. This happens automatically for any consumer that reads `list.get()` directly. It does **not** happen for consumers that subscribe only via structural methods (`list.keys()`, `list.length`, the `[Symbol.iterator]`): those call `subscribe()` which links `listNode → effectNode`, but `buildValue()` is never run with `activeSink = listNode`, so no `itemSignal → listNode` edges are established.
+
+Consequence: code that calls `byKey(k).set(v)` to update an item will silently fail to notify effects that subscribe via structural accessors. The item signal propagates to nothing because `listNode` is absent from its sinks.
+
+**`list.replace(key, value)` — the correct API for item mutation with guaranteed propagation**
+
+To close this gap, `List` should expose a `replace(key, value)` method that combines both paths:
+
+1. Updates the item signal: `signals.get(key)?.set(value)` — this propagates through item signal edges to any consumers that subscribed directly (e.g. effects reading `byKey(k).get()`).
+2. Explicitly marks the list dirty and propagates through `node.sinks`: `node.flags |= FLAG_DIRTY; for (let e = node.sinks; e; e = e.nextSink) propagate(e.sink)` — this notifies structural consumers regardless of edge state.
+
+This mirrors what `list.set(newArray)` already does internally: `applyChanges()` calls `signal.set(val)` on changed items, then `list.set()` calls `propagate(e.sink)` on `node.sinks` unconditionally. `replace(key, value)` is a single-item version of the same invariant.
+
+`byKey(key).set(value)` remains valid for effects that subscribe directly to the item signal. It is **not** a safe pattern for effects that subscribe to the list via structural accessors. This asymmetry should be documented in the public API.
+
 ### Collection (`src/nodes/collection.ts`)
 
 Collection implements two creation patterns that share the same `Collection<T>` interface:

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,22 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 1.1.0
+
+### Added
+
+- **Single-signal overload for `match()`**: `match(signal, handlers)` now accepts a bare signal (not wrapped in an array). The `ok` handler receives the resolved value directly as `(value: T)`, and `err` receives a single `Error` rather than `readonly Error[]`. The existing tuple form is unchanged. This eliminates the boilerplate of wrapping a single source in `[source]`, destructuring `values[0]` in `ok`, and unwrapping `errors[0]!` in `err`.
+- **`SingleMatchHandlers<T>` type**: New exported type that describes the handler object for the single-signal overload. Counterpart to the existing `MatchHandlers<T>` for tuple usage.
+
+### Changed
+
+- **Async handler documentation**: Added `@remarks` to the `match()` JSDoc and an expanded section in `README.md` clarifying that async `ok`/`err` handlers are intended for external side effects only (logging, DOM writes, analytics). Any async work that needs to drive reactive state should use a `Task` node, which receives an `AbortSignal` and is auto-cancelled on re-run. Documents the known limitation that rejected async handlers from stale (superseded) runs still call `err`, since the library cannot cancel operations it did not initiate.
+
+## 1.0.2
+
+### Added
+
+- **`List.replace(key, value)` — guaranteed item mutation**: Updates the value of an existing item in place, propagating to all subscribers regardless of how they subscribed. `byKey(key).set(value)` only propagates through `itemSignal → listNode` edges, which are established lazily when `list.get()` is called; effects that subscribed via `list.keys()`, `list.length`, or the iterator never trigger that path and receive no notification. `replace()` closes this gap by also walking `node.sinks` directly — the same structural propagation path used by `add()`, `remove()`, and `sort()`. Signal identity is preserved: the `State<T>` returned by `byKey(key)` is the same object before and after. No-op if the key does not exist or the value is reference-equal to the current value.
+
 ## 1.0.1
 
 ### Added

package/CLAUDE.md

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Scope         — owner only (createScope)
 
 **`T extends {}` excludes `null` and `undefined` at the type level.** Every signal generic uses this constraint. Signals cannot hold nullish values — use a wrapper type or a union with a sentinel if you need to represent absence.
 
-**`byKey()`, `at()`, `keyAt()`, and `indexOfKey()` do NOT create graph edges.** They are direct lookups. An effect that only calls `collection.byKey('x')?.get()` will react to value changes of key `'x'` but will *not* re-run if that key is added or removed. To track structural changes, read `get()`, `keys()`, or `length`.
+**`byKey()`, `at()`, `keyAt()`, and `indexOfKey()` do NOT create graph edges.** They are direct lookups. An effect that only calls `collection.byKey('x')?.get()` will react to value changes of key `'x'` but will *not* re-run if that key is added or removed. To track structural changes, read `get()`, `keys()`, or `length`. When updating an existing item's value, use `list.replace(key, value)` rather than `byKey(key).set(value)`. `replace()` guarantees propagation to all subscribers regardless of graph edge state. `byKey(key).set(value)` is only safe for effects that directly call `byKey(key).get()` inside their body.
 
 **Conditional reads delay `watched` activation.** Dependencies are tracked only for `.get()` calls that actually execute during a given effect run. If a signal read is inside a branch that doesn't execute (e.g. the `ok` arm of `match()` while a Task is still pending), no edge is created and `watched` does not fire. Read signals eagerly before conditional logic when lifecycle activation matters:
 

package/GUIDE.md

@@ -224,14 +224,11 @@ const todos = createList([
   { id: 't2', text: 'Build app', done: false }
 ], { keyConfig: todo => todo.id })
 
-// Get a stable reference to a specific item
-const first = todos.byKey('t1')
-
 todos.sort((a, b) => a.text.localeCompare(b.text))
-// first still points to "Learn signals", regardless of position
+// 'Learn signals' is still at key 't1', regardless of position
 
 // Update a single item without replacing the array
-first?.set({ id: 't1', text: 'Learn signals', done: true })
+todos.replace('t1', { id: 't1', text: 'Learn signals', done: true })
 ```
 
 Each item is its own signal. Sorting reorders keys without destroying signals or their downstream dependencies. Adding and removing items is granular — unaffected items and their effects don't re-run.

package/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Cause & Effect
 
-Version 1.0.0
+Version 1.1.0
 
 **Cause & Effect** is a reactive state management primitives library for TypeScript. It provides the foundational building blocks for managing complex, dynamic, composite, and asynchronous state — correctly and performantly — in a unified signal graph.
 
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ items.splice(1, 1, 'orange')
 items.sort()
 ```
 
-Access items by key using `.byKey()` or by index using `.at()`. `.indexOfKey()` returns the current index of an item in the list, while `.keyAt()` returns the key of an item at a given position.
+Access items by key using `.byKey()` or by index using `.at()`. `.indexOfKey()` returns the current index of an item in the list, while `.keyAt()` returns the key of an item at a given position. To update an existing item, use `.replace(key, value)` — this propagates to all subscribers regardless of how they subscribed to the list.
 
 Keys are stable across reordering. Use `keyConfig` in options to control key generation:
 
@@ -260,10 +260,11 @@ const users = createList(
 const key = items.add('orange')
 items.sort()
 console.log(items.byKey(key)?.get()) // 'orange'
+items.replace(key, 'ORANGE')         // update in place
 console.log(items.indexOfKey(key))   // current index
 ```
 
-Lists have `.keys()`, `.add()`, and `.remove()` methods like stores. Additionally, they have `.sort()`, `.splice()`, and a reactive `.length` property. But unlike stores, deeply nested properties in items are not converted to individual signals.
+Lists have `.keys()`, `.add()`, and `.remove()` methods like stores. Additionally, they have `.replace()`, `.sort()`, `.splice()`, and a reactive `.length` property. But unlike stores, deeply nested properties in items are not converted to individual signals.
 
 ### Collection
 
@@ -391,14 +392,40 @@ const userData = createTask(async (_, abort) => {
 })
 
 createEffect(() => {
-  match([userData], {
-    ok: ([user]) => console.log('User:', user),
+  match(userData, {
+    ok: user => console.log('User:', user),
     nil: () => console.log('Loading...'),
-    err: errors => console.error(errors[0])
+    err: error => console.error(error)
   })
 })
 ```
 
+**When to make a handler async.** The `ok` (and `err`) handler may return a `Promise`. Use this for *external* side effects whose result does not need to drive reactive state — sending analytics, writing to IndexedDB, triggering a toast notification, or any fire-and-forget call. A cleanup function returned by the resolved Promise is registered and called synchronously before the next re-run.
+
+**Do not set signal state inside an async handler.** If the async result needs to update the graph, model it as a `Task` instead. `Task` receives an `AbortSignal`, is auto-cancelled when its dependencies change, and exposes its pending / resolved / error states as first-class reactive values that compose naturally with `nil` and `err`.
+
+```js
+// ✗ Don't: async handler that writes back into the graph
+createEffect(() => match(trigger, {
+  ok: async () => {
+    const data = await fetch('/api/data').then(r => r.json())
+    result.set(data) // ← side-channel write, not tracked, no cancellation
+  }
+}))
+
+// ✓ Do: derive the async value as a Task, read it in match()
+const result = createTask(async (_, signal) =>
+  fetch('/api/data', { signal }).then(r => r.json()))
+
+createEffect(() => match(result, {
+  ok: data => render(data),
+  nil: () => showSpinner(),
+  err: e => showError(e)
+}))
+```
+
+**Stale-run rejections still reach `err`.** When a signal changes and the effect re-runs, the in-flight async handler from the previous run cannot be cancelled (the library did not initiate the underlying operation). If that stale operation eventually rejects, `err` will be called even though a newer run is already active. This is another reason to keep async handlers free of state writes — routing errors to `err` is safe when `err` is a pure side effect (logging, displaying a notification), but it becomes incorrect if `err` calls `.set()` on a signal that run 2 has already updated.
+
 ### Utilities
 
 Polymorphic factories and type predicates for generic and library-author code.

package/index.dev.js

@@ -727,6 +727,20 @@ function createList(value, options) {
           flush();
       }
     },
+    replace(key, value2) {
+      const signal = signals.get(key);
+      if (!signal)
+        return;
+      validateSignalValue(`${TYPE_LIST} item for key "${key}"`, value2);
+      if (signal.get() === value2)
+        return;
+      signal.set(value2);
+      node.flags |= FLAG_DIRTY;
+      for (let e = node.sinks;e; e = e.nextSink)
+        propagate(e.sink);
+      if (batchDepth === 0)
+        flush();
+    },
     sort(compareFn) {
       const entries = keys.map((key) => [key, signals.get(key)?.get()]).sort(isFunction(compareFn) ? (a, b) => compareFn(a[1], b[1]) : (a, b) => String(a[1]).localeCompare(String(b[1])));
       const newOrder = entries.map(([key]) => key);
@@ -1215,10 +1229,14 @@ function createEffect(fn) {
   runEffect(node);
   return dispose;
 }
-function match(signals, handlers) {
+function match(signalOrSignals, handlers) {
   if (!activeOwner)
     throw new RequiredOwnerError("match");
-  const { ok, err = console.error, nil } = handlers;
+  const isSingle = !Array.isArray(signalOrSignals);
+  const signals = isSingle ? [signalOrSignals] : signalOrSignals;
+  const { nil } = handlers;
+  const ok = isSingle ? (values2) => handlers.ok(values2[0]) : (values2) => handlers.ok(values2);
+  const err = isSingle && handlers.err ? (errors2) => handlers.err(errors2[0]) : handlers.err ?? console.error;
   let errors;
   let pending = false;
   const values = new Array(signals.length);

package/index.js

@@ -1 +1 @@
-function g($){return typeof $==="function"}function o($){return g($)&&$.constructor.name==="AsyncFunction"}function X$($){return g($)&&$.constructor.name!=="AsyncFunction"}function Y($,J){return Object.prototype.toString.call($)===`[object ${J}]`}function T($){return Y($,"Object")}function Y$($,J=(z)=>z!=null){return Array.isArray($)&&$.every(J)}function D$($){return typeof $==="string"?`"${$}"`:!!$&&typeof $==="object"?JSON.stringify($):String($)}class Z$ extends Error{constructor($){super(`[${$}] Circular dependency detected`);this.name="CircularDependencyError"}}class A$ extends TypeError{constructor($){super(`[${$}] Signal value cannot be null or undefined`);this.name="NullishSignalValueError"}}class i extends Error{constructor($){super(`[${$}] Signal value is unset`);this.name="UnsetSignalValueError"}}class j$ extends TypeError{constructor($,J){super(`[${$}] Signal value ${D$(J)} is invalid`);this.name="InvalidSignalValueError"}}class b$ extends TypeError{constructor($,J){super(`[${$}] Callback ${D$(J)} is invalid`);this.name="InvalidCallbackError"}}class P$ extends Error{constructor($){super(`[${$}] Signal is read-only`);this.name="ReadonlySignalError"}}class G$ extends Error{constructor($){super(`[${$}] Active owner is required`);this.name="RequiredOwnerError"}}class e extends Error{constructor($,J,z){super(`[${$}] Could not add key "${J}"${z?` with value ${JSON.stringify(z)}`:""} because it already exists`);this.name="DuplicateKeyError"}}function O($,J,z){if(J==null)throw new A$($);if(z&&!z(J))throw new j$($,J)}function W$($,J){if(J==null)throw new i($)}function E($,J,z=g){if(!z(J))throw new b$($,J)}var c="State",u="Memo",d="Task",t="Sensor",S="List",s="Collection",l="Store",r="Slot",p=0,$$=1,G=2,U$=4,b=8,N=null,_=null,C$=[],x=0,_$=!1,k=($,J)=>$===J,L$=($,J)=>!1;function g$($,J){let z=J.sourcesTail;if(z){let X=J.sources;while(X){if(X===$)return!0;if(X===z)break;X=X.nextSource}}return!1}function R($,J){let 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z.get(Q)},get(){if(R(),B.sources){if(B.flags){let Q=B.flags&b;if(B.value=v(W),Q){if(B.flags=G,I(B),B.error)throw B.error}else B.flags=p}}else if(I(B),B.error)throw B.error;return B.value},set(Q){let j=B.flags&G?W():B.value,m=a$(j,Q);if(D(m)){B.flags|=G;for(let q=B.sinks;q;q=q.nextSink)x(q.sink);if(O===0)w()}},update(Q){P.set(Q(P.get()))},add(Q,j){if(z.has(Q))throw new e(r,Q,j);X(Q,j),B.flags|=G|b;for(let m=B.sinks;m;m=m.nextSink)x(m.sink);if(O===0)w();return Q},remove(Q){if(z.delete(Q)){B.flags|=G|b;for(let m=B.sinks;m;m=m.nextSink)x(m.sink);if(O===0)w()}}};return new Proxy(P,{get(Q,j){if(j in Q)return Reflect.get(Q,j);if(typeof j!=="symbol")return Q.byKey(j)},has(Q,j){if(j in Q)return!0;return Q.byKey(String(j))!==void 0},ownKeys(Q){return Array.from(Q.keys())},getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Q,j){if(j in Q)return Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Q,j);if(typeof j==="symbol")return;let m=Q.byKey(String(j));return m?{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:m}:void 0}})}function F$($){return Y($,r)}function e$($,J){return o($)?q$($,J):B$($,J)}function $J($){if(M$($))return $;if($==null)throw new j$("createSignal",$);if(o($))return q$($);if(g($))return B$($);if(Y$($))return Q$($);if(E($))return m$($);return y($)}function JJ($){if(w$($))return $;if($==null||g($)||M$($))throw new j$("createMutableSignal",$);if(Y$($))return Q$($);if(E($))return m$($);return y($)}function zJ($){return S$($)||p$($)}function M$($){let J=[c,u,d,t,l,L,s,r],z=Object.prototype.toString.call($).slice(8,-1);return J.includes(z)}function w$($){return V$($)||F$($)||O$($)}function XJ($,J){C(l,$,M$);let z=$,X=J?.guard,W={fn:()=>z.get(),value:void 0,flags:G,sources:null,sourcesTail:null,sinks:null,sinksTail:null,equals:J?.equals??k,error:void 0},B=()=>{if(V)F(W,V);if(I(W),W.error)throw W.error;return W.value},D=(R)=>{if(!w$(z))throw new P$(l);C(l,R,X),z.set(R)},M=(R)=>{C(l,R,M$),z=R,W.flags|=G;for(let P=W.sinks;P;P=P.nextSink)x(P.sink);if(O===0)w()};return{[Symbol.toStringTag]:l,configurable:!0,enumerable:!0,get:B,set:D,replace:M,current:()=>z}}function ZJ($){return Y($,l)}export{D$ as valueString,v as untrack,d$ as unown,o$ as match,p$ as isTask,F$ as isStore,V$ as isState,ZJ as isSlot,M$ as isSignal,n$ as isSensor,E as isRecord,Y as isObjectOfType,w$ as isMutableSignal,S$ as isMemo,O$ as isList,g as isFunction,n as isEqual,zJ as isComputed,r$ as isCollection,o as isAsyncFunction,q$ as createTask,m$ as createStore,y as createState,XJ as createSlot,$J as createSignal,i$ as createSensor,u$ as createScope,JJ as createMutableSignal,B$ as createMemo,Q$ as createList,l$ as createEffect,e$ as createComputed,s$ as createCollection,z$ as batch,i as UnsetSignalValueError,L$ as SKIP_EQUALITY,G$ as RequiredOwnerError,P$ as ReadonlySignalError,A$ as NullishSignalValueError,j$ as InvalidSignalValueError,b$ as InvalidCallbackError,Z$ as CircularDependencyError};

package/index.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @name Cause & Effect
- * @version 1.0.0
+ * @version 1.1.0
  * @author Esther Brunner
  */
 
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ export {
 export {
 	createEffect,
 	type MatchHandlers,
+	type SingleMatchHandlers,
 	type MaybePromise,
 	match,
 } from './src/nodes/effect'

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@zeix/cause-effect",
-	"version": "1.0.1",
+	"version": "1.1.0",
 	"author": "Esther Brunner",
 	"type": "module",
 	"main": "index.js",
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 	"types": "types/index.d.ts",
 	"devDependencies": {
 		"@biomejs/biome": "2.4.6",
-		"bun-types": "latest",
+		"@types/bun": "latest",
 		"mitata": "^1.0.34",
 		"random": "^5.4.1",
-		"typescript": "latest"
+		"typescript": "^6.0.2"
 	},
 	"peerDependencies": {
 		"typescript": ">=5.8.0"

package/skills/cause-effect/references/non-obvious-behaviors.md

@@ -36,6 +36,28 @@ createEffect(() => {
 ```
 </direct_lookups_do_not_track>
 
+<bykey_set_does_not_propagate_to_structural_subscribers>
+**`byKey(key).set(value)` does not propagate to effects that subscribed via `list.keys()`,
+`list.length`, or the iterator.** Those effects subscribe to the list's structural node but
+do not establish item-level edges, so a direct item signal mutation reaches them only if
+`list.get()` has previously been called to link the item signal to the list node.
+
+Use `list.replace(key, value)` for imperative item updates. It propagates through both paths
+— item-level edges and the structural node — regardless of how subscribers are attached.
+
+```typescript
+// Wrong — silently does nothing for effects that subscribed via list.keys()
+list.byKey(key)?.set(newValue)
+
+// Correct — guaranteed propagation to all subscribers
+list.replace(key, newValue)
+```
+
+`byKey(key).set(value)` is safe only when the consuming effect directly calls
+`byKey(key).get()` inside its body — that creates a direct edge from the item signal to the
+effect, bypassing the list node entirely.
+</bykey_set_does_not_propagate_to_structural_subscribers>
+
 <conditional_reads_delay_watched>
 **Conditional signal reads delay `watched` activation.** The `watched` callback on a State
 or Sensor fires when the first downstream effect subscribes. If a signal is only read inside

package/skills/cause-effect/references/signal-types.md

@@ -150,15 +150,19 @@ user.name = 'Bob'   // only effects reading `user.name` re-run
 - You need to react to structural changes (items added, removed, reordered) as well as value changes
 
 **Key facts:**
-- Items are identified by a key; keys must be unique
+- Items are identified by a stable key; keys survive sorting and reordering
 - `byKey()`, `at()`, `keyAt()`, and `indexOfKey()` are direct lookups — they **do not create graph edges**
 - To react to structural changes, read `get()`, `keys()`, or `length` instead
+- To update an existing item, use `list.replace(key, value)` — **not** `byKey(key).set(value)`. `replace()` propagates to all subscribers; `byKey().set()` silently misses effects that subscribed via `keys()`, `length`, or the iterator
 
 ```typescript
-const todos = createList<Todo, 'id'>('id', [
-  { id: '1', text: 'Buy milk', done: false },
-])
-todos.push({ id: '2', text: 'Walk dog', done: false })
+const todos = createList(
+  [{ id: 't1', text: 'Buy milk', done: false }],
+  { keyConfig: todo => todo.id }
+)
+todos.add({ id: 't2', text: 'Walk dog', done: false })
+todos.replace('t1', { id: 't1', text: 'Buy milk', done: true }) // update in place
+todos.remove('t2')
 ```
 </List>
 

package/skills/cause-effect-dev/references/non-obvious-behaviors.md

@@ -30,6 +30,22 @@ createEffect(() => {
 ```
 </direct_lookups_do_not_track>
 
+<bykey_set_does_not_propagate_to_structural_subscribers>
+**`byKey(key).set(value)` does not propagate through `listNode.sinks` unless `itemSignal → listNode` edges exist.** Those edges are established only when `recomputeMemo(listNode)` runs — which requires `list.get()` to have been called. Effects that subscribed via `list.keys()`, `list.length`, or the iterator link to `listNode.sinks` but never trigger `recomputeMemo`, so the item-level edges are never created.
+
+`list.replace(key, value)` is the correct API for imperative item mutations. It calls `signal.set(value)` (value path) then explicitly walks `node.sinks` (structural path), guaranteeing propagation regardless of edge state.
+
+```typescript
+// Wrong — misses structural subscribers if list.get() was never called
+list.byKey(key)?.set(newValue)
+
+// Correct — propagates through both paths unconditionally
+list.replace(key, newValue)
+```
+
+`byKey(key).set(value)` is safe only when the consuming effect directly reads `byKey(key).get()` inside its body, establishing a direct `itemSignal → effectNode` edge.
+</bykey_set_does_not_propagate_to_structural_subscribers>
+
 <conditional_reads_delay_watched>
 **Conditional signal reads delay `watched` activation.** The `watched` callback on a State or Sensor fires when the first downstream effect subscribes. If a signal is only read inside a branch that hasn't executed yet, `watched` does not fire until that branch runs.
 

package/src/nodes/effect.ts

@@ -39,6 +39,20 @@ type MatchHandlers<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]> = {
 	nil?: () => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>
 }
 
+/**
+ * Handlers for a single signal passed to `match()`.
+ *
+ * @template T - The value type of the signal being matched
+ */
+type SingleMatchHandlers<T extends {}> = {
+	/** Called when the signal has a value. Receives the resolved value directly. */
+	ok: (value: T) => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>
+	/** Called when the signal holds an error. Receives the error directly. Defaults to `console.error`. */
+	err?: (error: Error) => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>
+	/** Called when the signal is unset (pending). */
+	nil?: () => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>
+}
+
 /* === Exported Functions === */
 
 /**
@@ -96,6 +110,20 @@ function createEffect(fn: EffectCallback): Cleanup {
 	return dispose
 }
 
+/**
+ * Reads one or more signals and dispatches to the appropriate handler based on their state.
+ * Must be called within an active owner (effect or scope) so async cleanup can be registered.
+ *
+ * @since 1.1
+ * @param signal - A single signal to read.
+ * @param handlers - Object with an `ok` branch (receives the value directly) and optional `err` and `nil` branches.
+ * @returns An optional cleanup function if the active handler returns one.
+ * @throws RequiredOwnerError If called without an active owner.
+ */
+function match<T extends {}>(
+	signal: Signal<T>,
+	handlers: SingleMatchHandlers<T>,
+): MaybeCleanup
 /**
  * Reads one or more signals and dispatches to the appropriate handler based on their state.
  * Must be called within an active owner (effect or scope) so async cleanup can be registered.
@@ -105,13 +133,41 @@ function createEffect(fn: EffectCallback): Cleanup {
  * @param handlers - Object with an `ok` branch and optional `err` and `nil` branches.
  * @returns An optional cleanup function if the active handler returns one.
  * @throws RequiredOwnerError If called without an active owner.
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * **Async handlers are for external side effects only** — DOM mutations, analytics, logging,
+ * or any fire-and-forget API call whose result does not need to drive reactive state.
+ * Do not call `.set()` on a signal inside an async handler: use a `Task` node instead,
+ * which receives an `AbortSignal`, is auto-cancelled on re-run, and integrates cleanly
+ * with `nil` and `err` branches.
+ *
+ * Rejections from async handlers are always routed to `err`, including rejections from
+ * stale runs that were already superseded by a newer signal value. The library cannot
+ * cancel external operations it did not start.
  */
 function match<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]>(
 	signals: readonly [...T],
 	handlers: MatchHandlers<T>,
+): MaybeCleanup
+function match(
+	signalOrSignals: Signal<unknown & {}> | readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[],
+	// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: implementation overload, not part of the public API
+	handlers: any,
 ): MaybeCleanup {
 	if (!activeOwner) throw new RequiredOwnerError('match')
-	const { ok, err = console.error, nil } = handlers
+
+	const isSingle = !Array.isArray(signalOrSignals)
+	const signals = isSingle ? [signalOrSignals] : signalOrSignals
+
+	const { nil } = handlers
+	const ok = isSingle
+		? (values: unknown[]) => handlers.ok(values[0])
+		: (values: unknown[]) => handlers.ok(values)
+	const err: (errors: readonly Error[]) => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup> =
+		isSingle && handlers.err
+			? (errors: readonly Error[]) => handlers.err(errors[0])
+			: (handlers.err ?? console.error)
+
 	let errors: Error[] | undefined
 	let pending = false
 	const values = new Array(signals.length)
@@ -133,12 +189,7 @@ function match<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]>(
 	try {
 		if (pending) out = nil?.()
 		else if (errors) out = err(errors)
-		else
-			out = ok(
-				values as {
-					[K in keyof T]: T[K] extends Signal<infer V> ? V : never
-				},
-			)
+		else out = ok(values)
 	} catch (e) {
 		err([e instanceof Error ? e : new Error(String(e))])
 	}
@@ -158,4 +209,10 @@ function match<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]>(
 	}
 }
 
-export { type MaybePromise, type MatchHandlers, createEffect, match }
+export {
+	type MaybePromise,
+	type MatchHandlers,
+	type SingleMatchHandlers,
+	createEffect,
+	match,
+}

package/src/nodes/list.ts

@@ -82,6 +82,13 @@ type List<T extends {}> = {
 	indexOfKey(key: string): number
 	add(value: T): string
 	remove(keyOrIndex: string | number): void
+	/**
+	 * Updates an existing item by key, propagating to all subscribers.
+	 * No-op if the key does not exist or the value is reference-equal to the current value.
+	 * @param key - Stable key of the item to update
+	 * @param value - New value for the item
+	 */
+	replace(key: string, value: T): void
 	sort(compareFn?: (a: T, b: T) => number): void
 	splice(start: number, deleteCount?: number, ...items: T[]): T[]
 	deriveCollection<R extends {}>(
@@ -495,6 +502,17 @@ function createList<T extends {}>(
 			}
 		},
 
+		replace(key: string, value: T) {
+			const signal = signals.get(key)
+			if (!signal) return
+			validateSignalValue(`${TYPE_LIST} item for key "${key}"`, value)
+			if (signal.get() === value) return
+			signal.set(value)
+			node.flags |= FLAG_DIRTY
+			for (let e = node.sinks; e; e = e.nextSink) propagate(e.sink)
+			if (batchDepth === 0) flush()
+		},
+
 		sort(compareFn?: (a: T, b: T) => number) {
 			const entries = keys
 				.map(key => [key, signals.get(key)?.get()] as [string, T])

package/test/effect.test.ts

@@ -475,6 +475,94 @@ describe('match', () => {
 		expect(() => match([], { ok: () => {} })).toThrow(RequiredOwnerError)
 	})
 
+	describe('Single-signal overload', () => {
+		test('should call ok with unwrapped value', () => {
+			const s = createState(42)
+			let result = 0
+			createEffect(() =>
+				match(s, {
+					ok: value => {
+						result = value
+					},
+				}),
+			)
+			expect(result).toBe(42)
+			s.set(99)
+			expect(result).toBe(99)
+		})
+
+		test('should call nil handler when signal is unset', async () => {
+			const task = createTask(async () => {
+				await wait(50)
+				return 42
+			})
+			let okCount = 0
+			let nilCount = 0
+			createEffect(() =>
+				match(task, {
+					ok: value => {
+						okCount++
+						expect(value).toBe(42)
+					},
+					nil: () => {
+						nilCount++
+					},
+				}),
+			)
+			expect(okCount).toBe(0)
+			expect(nilCount).toBe(1)
+			await wait(60)
+			expect(okCount).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+			expect(nilCount).toBe(1)
+		})
+
+		test('should call err with unwrapped Error', () => {
+			const a = createState(1)
+			const b = createMemo(() => {
+				if (a.get() > 5) throw new Error('Too high')
+				return a.get() * 2
+			})
+			let okCount = 0
+			let errCount = 0
+			createEffect(() =>
+				match(b, {
+					ok: () => {
+						okCount++
+					},
+					err: error => {
+						errCount++
+						expect(error.message).toBe('Too high')
+					},
+				}),
+			)
+			expect(okCount).toBe(1)
+			a.set(6)
+			expect(errCount).toBe(1)
+			a.set(3)
+			expect(okCount).toBe(2)
+			expect(errCount).toBe(1)
+		})
+
+		test('should fall back to console.error for single signal without err handler', () => {
+			const originalConsoleError = console.error
+			const mockConsoleError = mock(() => {})
+			console.error = mockConsoleError
+
+			try {
+				const a = createState(1)
+				const b = createMemo(() => {
+					if (a.get() > 5) throw new Error('Too high')
+					return a.get() * 2
+				})
+				createEffect(() => match(b, { ok: () => {} }))
+				a.set(6)
+				expect(mockConsoleError).toHaveBeenCalled()
+			} finally {
+				console.error = originalConsoleError
+			}
+		})
+	})
+
 	test('should resolve multiple async tasks without waterfalls', async () => {
 		const a = createTask(async () => {
 			await wait(20)

package/test/list.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from 'bun:test'
 import {
+	batch,
 	createEffect,
 	createList,
 	createMemo,
@@ -209,6 +210,126 @@ describe('List', () => {
 		})
 	})
 
+	describe('replace', () => {
+		test('should update the item signal value', () => {
+			const list = createList(['a', 'b', 'c'])
+			// biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: index is within bounds
+			const key = list.keyAt(1)!
+			list.replace(key, 'B')
+			expect(list.byKey(key)?.get()).toBe('B')
+		})
+
+		test('structural subscriber via keys() re-runs after replace(); byKey().set() does NOT', () => {
+			const list = createList(['x', 'y'])
+			// biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: index is within bounds
+			const key = list.keyAt(0)!
+			let effectCount = 0
+
+			// This effect subscribes structurally via keys() only — no list.get() call
+			createEffect(() => {
+				void [...list.keys()]
+				effectCount++
+			})
+
+			expect(effectCount).toBe(1)
+
+			// replace() propagates through node.sinks — structural subscriber re-runs
+			list.replace(key, 'X')
+			expect(effectCount).toBe(2)
+
+			// byKey().set() does NOT propagate through node.sinks — structural subscriber does NOT re-run
+			list.byKey(key)?.set('XX')
+			expect(effectCount).toBe(2)
+		})
+
+		test('direct subscriber via byKey().get() re-runs after replace()', () => {
+			const list = createList(['a', 'b'])
+			// biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: index is within bounds
+			const key = list.keyAt(0)!
+			let lastValue = ''
+			let effectCount = 0
+
+			createEffect(() => {
+				// biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: key is valid
+				lastValue = list.byKey(key)!.get()
+				effectCount++
+			})
+
+			expect(effectCount).toBe(1)
+			expect(lastValue).toBe('a')
+
+			list.replace(key, 'A')
+			expect(effectCount).toBe(2)
+			expect(lastValue).toBe('A')
+		})
+
+		test('no-op on equal value (same reference)', () => {
+			const obj = { id: 1 }
+			const list = createList([obj])
+			// biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: index is within bounds
+			const key = list.keyAt(0)!
+			let effectCount = 0
+
+			createEffect(() => {
+				list.get()
+				effectCount++
+			})
+
+			expect(effectCount).toBe(1)
+
+			list.replace(key, obj)
+			expect(effectCount).toBe(1)
+		})
+
+		test('no-op on missing key — does not throw and does not trigger effects', () => {
+			const list = createList([1, 2, 3])
+			let effectCount = 0
+
+			createEffect(() => {
+				list.get()
+				effectCount++
+			})
+
+			expect(effectCount).toBe(1)
+			expect(() => list.replace('nonexistent', 99)).not.toThrow()
+			expect(effectCount).toBe(1)
+		})
+
+		test('batch compatibility — effects run only once inside batch()', () => {
+			const list = createList(['a', 'b', 'c'])
+			// biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: index is within bounds
+			const key0 = list.keyAt(0)!
+			// biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: index is within bounds
+			const key1 = list.keyAt(1)!
+			let effectCount = 0
+
+			createEffect(() => {
+				list.get()
+				effectCount++
+			})
+
+			expect(effectCount).toBe(1)
+
+			batch(() => {
+				list.replace(key0, 'A')
+				list.replace(key1, 'B')
+			})
+
+			expect(effectCount).toBe(2)
+			expect(list.get()).toEqual(['A', 'B', 'c'])
+		})
+
+		test('signal identity preserved — byKey() returns same signal before and after replace()', () => {
+			const list = createList([10, 20])
+			// biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: index is within bounds
+			const key = list.keyAt(0)!
+			const signalBefore = list.byKey(key)
+			list.replace(key, 99)
+			const signalAfter = list.byKey(key)
+			expect(signalBefore).toBe(signalAfter)
+		})
+	})
+
 	describe('sort', () => {
 		test('should sort with default string comparison', () => {
 			const list = createList([3, 1, 2])

package/types/index.d.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 /**
  * @name Cause & Effect
- * @version 1.0.0
+ * @version 1.1.0
  * @author Esther Brunner
  */
 export { CircularDependencyError, type Guard, InvalidCallbackError, InvalidSignalValueError, NullishSignalValueError, ReadonlySignalError, RequiredOwnerError, UnsetSignalValueError, } from './src/errors';
 export { batch, type Cleanup, type ComputedOptions, createScope, type EffectCallback, type MaybeCleanup, type MemoCallback, type Signal, type SignalOptions, SKIP_EQUALITY, type TaskCallback, unown, untrack, } from './src/graph';
 export { type Collection, type CollectionCallback, type CollectionChanges, type CollectionOptions, createCollection, type DeriveCollectionCallback, isCollection, } from './src/nodes/collection';
-export { createEffect, type MatchHandlers, type MaybePromise, match, } from './src/nodes/effect';
+export { createEffect, type MatchHandlers, type SingleMatchHandlers, type MaybePromise, match, } from './src/nodes/effect';
 export { createList, isEqual, isList, type KeyConfig, type List, type ListOptions, } from './src/nodes/list';
 export { createMemo, isMemo, type Memo } from './src/nodes/memo';
 export { createSensor, isSensor, type Sensor, type SensorCallback, type SensorOptions, } from './src/nodes/sensor';

package/types/src/graph.d.ts

@@ -226,6 +226,8 @@ declare function createScope(fn: () => MaybeCleanup): Cleanup;
  * reactive graph.
  *
  * @since 0.18.5
+ * @param fn - The function to execute without an active owner
+ * @returns The return value of `fn`
  */
 declare function unown<T>(fn: () => T): T;
 export { type Cleanup, type ComputedOptions, type EffectCallback, type EffectNode, type MaybeCleanup, type MemoCallback, type MemoNode, type Scope, type Signal, type SignalOptions, type SinkNode, type StateNode, type TaskCallback, type TaskNode, activeOwner, activeSink, batch, batchDepth, createScope, DEFAULT_EQUALITY, SKIP_EQUALITY, FLAG_CHECK, FLAG_CLEAN, FLAG_DIRTY, FLAG_RELINK, flush, link, propagate, refresh, registerCleanup, runCleanup, runEffect, setState, trimSources, TYPE_COLLECTION, TYPE_LIST, TYPE_MEMO, TYPE_SENSOR, TYPE_STATE, TYPE_SLOT, TYPE_STORE, TYPE_TASK, unlink, unown, untrack, };

package/types/src/nodes/collection.d.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,21 @@
 import { type Cleanup, type Signal } from '../graph';
 import { type KeyConfig, type List } from './list';
 type CollectionSource<T extends {}> = List<T> | Collection<T>;
+/**
+ * Transformation callback for `deriveCollection` — sync or async.
+ * Sync callbacks produce a `Memo<T>` per item; async callbacks produce a `Task<T>`
+ * with automatic cancellation when the source item changes.
+ *
+ * @template T - The type of derived items
+ * @template U - The type of source items
+ */
 type DeriveCollectionCallback<T extends {}, U extends {}> = ((sourceValue: U) => T) | ((sourceValue: U, abort: AbortSignal) => Promise<T>);
+/**
+ * A read-only reactive keyed collection with per-item reactivity.
+ * Created by `createCollection` (externally driven) or via `.deriveCollection()` on a `List` or `Collection`.
+ *
+ * @template T - The type of items in the collection
+ */
 type Collection<T extends {}> = {
     readonly [Symbol.toStringTag]: 'Collection';
     readonly [Symbol.isConcatSpreadable]: true;
@@ -16,16 +30,40 @@ type Collection<T extends {}> = {
     deriveCollection<R extends {}>(callback: (sourceValue: T, abort: AbortSignal) => Promise<R>): Collection<R>;
     readonly length: number;
 };
+/**
+ * Granular mutation descriptor passed to the `applyChanges` callback inside a `CollectionCallback`.
+ *
+ * @template T - The type of items in the collection
+ */
 type CollectionChanges<T> = {
+    /** Items to add. Each item is assigned a new key via the configured `keyConfig`. */
     add?: T[];
+    /** Items whose values have changed. Matched to existing entries by key. */
     change?: T[];
+    /** Items to remove. Matched to existing entries by key. */
     remove?: T[];
 };
+/**
+ * Configuration options for `createCollection`.
+ *
+ * @template T - The type of items in the collection
+ */
 type CollectionOptions<T extends {}> = {
+    /** Initial items. Defaults to `[]`. */
     value?: T[];
+    /** Key generation strategy. See `KeyConfig`. Defaults to auto-increment. */
     keyConfig?: KeyConfig<T>;
+    /** Factory for per-item signals. Defaults to `createState`. */
     createItem?: (value: T) => Signal<T>;
 };
+/**
+ * Setup callback for `createCollection`. Invoked when the collection gains its first downstream
+ * subscriber; receives an `applyChanges` function to push granular mutations into the graph.
+ *
+ * @template T - The type of items in the collection
+ * @param apply - Call with a `CollectionChanges` object to add, update, or remove items
+ * @returns A cleanup function invoked when the collection loses all subscribers
+ */
 type CollectionCallback<T extends {}> = (apply: (changes: CollectionChanges<T>) => void) => Cleanup;
 /**
  * Creates a derived Collection from a List or another Collection with item-level memoization.

package/types/src/nodes/effect.d.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,32 @@
 import { type Cleanup, type EffectCallback, type MaybeCleanup, type Signal } from '../graph';
+/** A value that is either synchronous or a `Promise` — used for handler return types in `match()`. */
 type MaybePromise<T> = T | Promise<T>;
+/**
+ * Handlers for all states of one or more signals passed to `match()`.
+ *
+ * @template T - Tuple of `Signal` types being matched
+ */
 type MatchHandlers<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]> = {
+    /** Called when all signals have a value. Receives a tuple of resolved values. */
     ok: (values: {
         [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends Signal<infer V> ? V : never;
     }) => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>;
+    /** Called when one or more signals hold an error. Defaults to `console.error`. */
     err?: (errors: readonly Error[]) => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>;
+    /** Called when one or more signals are unset (pending). */
+    nil?: () => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>;
+};
+/**
+ * Handlers for a single signal passed to `match()`.
+ *
+ * @template T - The value type of the signal being matched
+ */
+type SingleMatchHandlers<T extends {}> = {
+    /** Called when the signal has a value. Receives the resolved value directly. */
+    ok: (value: T) => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>;
+    /** Called when the signal holds an error. Receives the error directly. Defaults to `console.error`. */
+    err?: (error: Error) => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>;
+    /** Called when the signal is unset (pending). */
     nil?: () => MaybePromise<MaybeCleanup>;
 };
 /**
@@ -38,11 +60,36 @@ type MatchHandlers<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]> = {
  */
 declare function createEffect(fn: EffectCallback): Cleanup;
 /**
- * Runs handlers based on the current values of signals.
+ * Reads one or more signals and dispatches to the appropriate handler based on their state.
+ * Must be called within an active owner (effect or scope) so async cleanup can be registered.
+ *
+ * @since 1.1
+ * @param signal - A single signal to read.
+ * @param handlers - Object with an `ok` branch (receives the value directly) and optional `err` and `nil` branches.
+ * @returns An optional cleanup function if the active handler returns one.
+ * @throws RequiredOwnerError If called without an active owner.
+ */
+declare function match<T extends {}>(signal: Signal<T>, handlers: SingleMatchHandlers<T>): MaybeCleanup;
+/**
+ * Reads one or more signals and dispatches to the appropriate handler based on their state.
  * Must be called within an active owner (effect or scope) so async cleanup can be registered.
  *
  * @since 0.15.0
+ * @param signals - Tuple of signals to read; all must have a value for `ok` to run.
+ * @param handlers - Object with an `ok` branch and optional `err` and `nil` branches.
+ * @returns An optional cleanup function if the active handler returns one.
  * @throws RequiredOwnerError If called without an active owner.
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * **Async handlers are for external side effects only** — DOM mutations, analytics, logging,
+ * or any fire-and-forget API call whose result does not need to drive reactive state.
+ * Do not call `.set()` on a signal inside an async handler: use a `Task` node instead,
+ * which receives an `AbortSignal`, is auto-cancelled on re-run, and integrates cleanly
+ * with `nil` and `err` branches.
+ *
+ * Rejections from async handlers are always routed to `err`, including rejections from
+ * stale runs that were already superseded by a newer signal value. The library cannot
+ * cancel external operations it did not start.
  */
 declare function match<T extends readonly Signal<unknown & {}>[]>(signals: readonly [...T], handlers: MatchHandlers<T>): MaybeCleanup;
-export { type MaybePromise, type MatchHandlers, createEffect, match };
+export { type MaybePromise, type MatchHandlers, type SingleMatchHandlers, createEffect, match, };

package/types/src/nodes/list.d.ts

@@ -8,11 +8,31 @@ type DiffResult = {
     change: UnknownRecord;
     remove: UnknownRecord;
 };
+/**
+ * Key generation strategy for `createList` items.
+ * A string value is used as a prefix for auto-incremented keys (`prefix0`, `prefix1`, …).
+ * A function receives each item and returns a stable string key, or `undefined` to fall back to auto-increment.
+ *
+ * @template T - The type of items in the list
+ */
 type KeyConfig<T> = string | ((item: T) => string | undefined);
+/**
+ * Configuration options for `createList`.
+ *
+ * @template T - The type of items in the list
+ */
 type ListOptions<T extends {}> = {
+    /** Key generation strategy. A string prefix or a function `(item) => string | undefined`. Defaults to auto-increment. */
     keyConfig?: KeyConfig<T>;
+    /** Lifecycle callback invoked when the list gains its first downstream subscriber. Must return a cleanup function. */
     watched?: () => Cleanup;
 };
+/**
+ * A reactive ordered array with stable keys and per-item reactivity.
+ * Each item is a `State<T>` signal; structural changes (add/remove/sort) propagate reactively.
+ *
+ * @template T - The type of items in the list
+ */
 type List<T extends {}> = {
     readonly [Symbol.toStringTag]: 'List';
     readonly [Symbol.isConcatSpreadable]: true;
@@ -28,6 +48,13 @@ type List<T extends {}> = {
     indexOfKey(key: string): number;
     add(value: T): string;
     remove(keyOrIndex: string | number): void;
+    /**
+     * Updates an existing item by key, propagating to all subscribers.
+     * No-op if the key does not exist or the value is reference-equal to the current value.
+     * @param key - Stable key of the item to update
+     * @param value - New value for the item
+     */
+    replace(key: string, value: T): void;
     sort(compareFn?: (a: T, b: T) => number): void;
     splice(start: number, deleteCount?: number, ...items: T[]): T[];
     deriveCollection<R extends {}>(callback: (sourceValue: T) => R): Collection<R>;
@@ -51,8 +78,9 @@ declare function getKeyGenerator<T extends {}>(keyConfig?: KeyConfig<T>): [(item
  *
  * @since 0.18.0
  * @param value - Initial array of items
- * @param options - Optional configuration for key generation and watch lifecycle
- * @returns A List signal
+ * @param options.keyConfig - Key generation strategy: string prefix or `(item) => string | undefined`. Defaults to auto-increment.
+ * @param options.watched - Lifecycle callback invoked on first subscriber; must return a cleanup function called on last unsubscribe.
+ * @returns A `List` signal with reactive per-item `State` signals
  */
 declare function createList<T extends {}>(value: T[], options?: ListOptions<T>): List<T>;
 /**

package/types/src/nodes/memo.d.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ type Memo<T extends {}> = {
      * Recomputes if dependencies have changed since last access.
      * When called inside another reactive context, creates a dependency.
      * @returns The computed value
-     * @throws UnsetSignalValueError If the memo value is still unset when read.
      */
     get(): T;
 };

package/types/src/nodes/sensor.d.ts

@@ -15,11 +15,9 @@ type Sensor<T extends {}> = {
     get(): T;
 };
 /**
- * A callback function for sensors when the sensor starts being watched.
+ * Configuration options for `createSensor`.
  *
- * @template T - The type of value observed
- * @param set - A function to set the observed value
- * @returns A cleanup function when the sensor stops being watched
+ * @template T - The type of value produced by the sensor
  */
 type SensorOptions<T extends {}> = SignalOptions<T> & {
     /**
@@ -28,6 +26,14 @@ type SensorOptions<T extends {}> = SignalOptions<T> & {
      */
     value?: T;
 };
+/**
+ * Setup callback for `createSensor`. Invoked when the sensor gains its first downstream
+ * subscriber; receives a `set` function to push new values into the graph.
+ *
+ * @template T - The type of value produced by the sensor
+ * @param set - Updates the sensor value and propagates the change to subscribers
+ * @returns A cleanup function invoked when the sensor loses all subscribers
+ */
 type SensorCallback<T extends {}> = (set: (next: T) => void) => Cleanup;
 /**
  * Creates a sensor that tracks external input and updates a state value as long as it is active.

package/types/src/nodes/store.d.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import { type Cleanup, TYPE_STORE } from '../graph';
 import { type List, type UnknownRecord } from './list';
 import { type State } from './state';
+/**
+ * Configuration options for `createStore`.
+ */
 type StoreOptions = {
+    /** Invoked when the store gains its first downstream subscriber; returns a cleanup called when the last one unsubscribes. */
     watched?: () => Cleanup;
 };
 type BaseStore<T extends UnknownRecord> = {
@@ -19,6 +23,13 @@ type BaseStore<T extends UnknownRecord> = {
     add<K extends keyof T & string>(key: K, value: T[K]): K;
     remove(key: string): void;
 };
+/**
+ * A reactive object with per-property reactivity.
+ * Each property is wrapped as a `State`, nested `Store`, or `List` signal, accessible directly via proxy.
+ * Updating one property only re-runs effects that read that property.
+ *
+ * @template T - The plain-object type whose properties become reactive signals
+ */
 type Store<T extends UnknownRecord> = BaseStore<T> & {
     [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends readonly (infer U extends {})[] ? List<U> : T[K] extends UnknownRecord ? Store<T[K]> : T[K] extends unknown & {} ? State<T[K] & {}> : State<T[K] & {}> | undefined;
 };

package/types/src/signal.d.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@ import { type Memo } from './nodes/memo';
 import { type State } from './nodes/state';
 import { type Store } from './nodes/store';
 import { type Task } from './nodes/task';
+/**
+ * A readable and writable signal — the type union of `State`, `Store`, and `List`.
+ * Use as a parameter type for generic code that accepts any writable signal.
+ *
+ * @template T - The type of value held by the signal
+ */
 type MutableSignal<T extends {}> = {
     get(): T;
     set(value: T): void;