@xterm/xterm 6.1.0-beta.24 → 6.1.0-beta.240

package/src/common/input/Win32InputMode.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 The xterm.js authors. All rights reserved.
+ * @license MIT
+ *
+ * Win32 input mode implementation.
+ * @see https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/blob/main/doc/specs/%234999%20-%20Improved%20keyboard%20handling%20in%20Conpty.md
+ *
+ * Format: CSI Vk ; Sc ; Uc ; Kd ; Cs ; Rc _
+ *   Vk: Virtual key code (decimal)
+ *   Sc: Scan code (decimal)
+ *   Uc: Unicode character (decimal codepoint, 0 if none)
+ *   Kd: Key down (1) or up (0)
+ *   Cs: Control key state (modifier flags)
+ *   Rc: Repeat count (usually 1)
+ */
+
+import { IKeyboardEvent, IKeyboardResult, KeyboardResultType } from 'common/Types';
+import { C0 } from 'common/data/EscapeSequences';
+
+/**
+ * Win32 control key state flags (from Windows API).
+ */
+export const enum Win32ControlKeyState {
+  RIGHT_ALT_PRESSED   = 0b000000001,
+  LEFT_ALT_PRESSED    = 0b000000010,
+  RIGHT_CTRL_PRESSED  = 0b000000100,
+  LEFT_CTRL_PRESSED   = 0b000001000,
+  SHIFT_PRESSED       = 0b000010000,
+  NUMLOCK_ON          = 0b000100000,
+  SCROLLLOCK_ON       = 0b001000000,
+  CAPSLOCK_ON         = 0b010000000,
+  ENHANCED_KEY        = 0b100000000,
+}
+
+/**
+ * Win32 input mode handler. Lookup tables are only initialized when this class
+ * is instantiated, reducing bundle size for environments that don't use this mode.
+ */
+export class Win32InputMode {
+  /**
+   * Mapping from browser KeyboardEvent.code to Win32 virtual key codes.
+   * Based on https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/virtual-key-codes
+   */
+  private readonly _codeToVk: { [code: string]: number } = {
+    // Letters
+    'KeyA': 0x41, 'KeyB': 0x42, 'KeyC': 0x43, 'KeyD': 0x44, 'KeyE': 0x45,
+    'KeyF': 0x46, 'KeyG': 0x47, 'KeyH': 0x48, 'KeyI': 0x49, 'KeyJ': 0x4A,
+    'KeyK': 0x4B, 'KeyL': 0x4C, 'KeyM': 0x4D, 'KeyN': 0x4E, 'KeyO': 0x4F,
+    'KeyP': 0x50, 'KeyQ': 0x51, 'KeyR': 0x52, 'KeyS': 0x53, 'KeyT': 0x54,
+    'KeyU': 0x55, 'KeyV': 0x56, 'KeyW': 0x57, 'KeyX': 0x58, 'KeyY': 0x59,
+    'KeyZ': 0x5A,
+
+    // Digits
+    'Digit0': 0x30, 'Digit1': 0x31, 'Digit2': 0x32, 'Digit3': 0x33, 'Digit4': 0x34,
+    'Digit5': 0x35, 'Digit6': 0x36, 'Digit7': 0x37, 'Digit8': 0x38, 'Digit9': 0x39,
+
+    // Function keys
+    'F1': 0x70, 'F2': 0x71, 'F3': 0x72, 'F4': 0x73, 'F5': 0x74, 'F6': 0x75,
+    'F7': 0x76, 'F8': 0x77, 'F9': 0x78, 'F10': 0x79, 'F11': 0x7A, 'F12': 0x7B,
+    'F13': 0x7C, 'F14': 0x7D, 'F15': 0x7E, 'F16': 0x7F, 'F17': 0x80, 'F18': 0x81,
+    'F19': 0x82, 'F20': 0x83, 'F21': 0x84, 'F22': 0x85, 'F23': 0x86, 'F24': 0x87,
+
+    // Numpad
+    'Numpad0': 0x60, 'Numpad1': 0x61, 'Numpad2': 0x62, 'Numpad3': 0x63, 'Numpad4': 0x64,
+    'Numpad5': 0x65, 'Numpad6': 0x66, 'Numpad7': 0x67, 'Numpad8': 0x68, 'Numpad9': 0x69,
+    'NumpadMultiply': 0x6A, 'NumpadAdd': 0x6B, 'NumpadSeparator': 0x6C,
+    'NumpadSubtract': 0x6D, 'NumpadDecimal': 0x6E, 'NumpadDivide': 0x6F,
+    'NumpadEnter': 0x0D, // Same as Enter but with ENHANCED_KEY flag
+    'NumLock': 0x90,
+
+    // Navigation
+    'ArrowUp': 0x26, 'ArrowDown': 0x28, 'ArrowLeft': 0x25, 'ArrowRight': 0x27,
+    'Home': 0x24, 'End': 0x23, 'PageUp': 0x21, 'PageDown': 0x22,
+    'Insert': 0x2D, 'Delete': 0x2E,
+
+    // Modifiers
+    'ShiftLeft': 0x10, 'ShiftRight': 0x10,
+    'ControlLeft': 0x11, 'ControlRight': 0x11,
+    'AltLeft': 0x12, 'AltRight': 0x12,
+    'MetaLeft': 0x5B, 'MetaRight': 0x5C,
+    'CapsLock': 0x14, 'ScrollLock': 0x91,
+
+    // Special keys
+    'Escape': 0x1B, 'Enter': 0x0D, 'Tab': 0x09, 'Space': 0x20,
+    'Backspace': 0x08, 'Pause': 0x13, 'ContextMenu': 0x5D, 'PrintScreen': 0x2C,
+
+    // OEM keys (US keyboard layout)
+    'Semicolon': 0xBA,      // ;:
+    'Equal': 0xBB,          // =+
+    'Comma': 0xBC,          // ,<
+    'Minus': 0xBD,          // -_
+    'Period': 0xBE,         // .>
+    'Slash': 0xBF,          // /?
+    'Backquote': 0xC0,      // `~
+    'BracketLeft': 0xDB,    // [{
+    'Backslash': 0xDC,      // \|
+    'BracketRight': 0xDD,   // ]}
+    'Quote': 0xDE,          // '"
+    'IntlBackslash': 0xE2   // Non-US backslash
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Mapping from browser KeyboardEvent.code to approximate Win32 scan codes.
+   * Note: Scan codes can vary by keyboard layout. These are approximations
+   * based on standard US keyboard layout.
+   */
+  private readonly _codeToScancode: { [code: string]: number } = {
+    // Letters (row by row)
+    'KeyQ': 0x10, 'KeyW': 0x11, 'KeyE': 0x12, 'KeyR': 0x13, 'KeyT': 0x14,
+    'KeyY': 0x15, 'KeyU': 0x16, 'KeyI': 0x17, 'KeyO': 0x18, 'KeyP': 0x19,
+    'KeyA': 0x1E, 'KeyS': 0x1F, 'KeyD': 0x20, 'KeyF': 0x21, 'KeyG': 0x22,
+    'KeyH': 0x23, 'KeyJ': 0x24, 'KeyK': 0x25, 'KeyL': 0x26,
+    'KeyZ': 0x2C, 'KeyX': 0x2D, 'KeyC': 0x2E, 'KeyV': 0x2F, 'KeyB': 0x30,
+    'KeyN': 0x31, 'KeyM': 0x32,
+
+    // Digits
+    'Digit1': 0x02, 'Digit2': 0x03, 'Digit3': 0x04, 'Digit4': 0x05, 'Digit5': 0x06,
+    'Digit6': 0x07, 'Digit7': 0x08, 'Digit8': 0x09, 'Digit9': 0x0A, 'Digit0': 0x0B,
+
+    // Function keys
+    'F1': 0x3B, 'F2': 0x3C, 'F3': 0x3D, 'F4': 0x3E, 'F5': 0x3F, 'F6': 0x40,
+    'F7': 0x41, 'F8': 0x42, 'F9': 0x43, 'F10': 0x44, 'F11': 0x57, 'F12': 0x58,
+
+    // Numpad
+    'Numpad0': 0x52, 'Numpad1': 0x4F, 'Numpad2': 0x50, 'Numpad3': 0x51, 'Numpad4': 0x4B,
+    'Numpad5': 0x4C, 'Numpad6': 0x4D, 'Numpad7': 0x47, 'Numpad8': 0x48, 'Numpad9': 0x49,
+    'NumpadMultiply': 0x37, 'NumpadAdd': 0x4E, 'NumpadSubtract': 0x4A,
+    'NumpadDecimal': 0x53, 'NumpadDivide': 0x35, 'NumpadEnter': 0x1C,
+    'NumLock': 0x45,
+
+    // Navigation (extended keys)
+    'ArrowUp': 0x48, 'ArrowDown': 0x50, 'ArrowLeft': 0x4B, 'ArrowRight': 0x4D,
+    'Home': 0x47, 'End': 0x4F, 'PageUp': 0x49, 'PageDown': 0x51,
+    'Insert': 0x52, 'Delete': 0x53,
+
+    // Modifiers
+    'ShiftLeft': 0x2A, 'ShiftRight': 0x36,
+    'ControlLeft': 0x1D, 'ControlRight': 0x1D,
+    'AltLeft': 0x38, 'AltRight': 0x38,
+    'CapsLock': 0x3A, 'ScrollLock': 0x46,
+
+    // Special keys
+    'Escape': 0x01, 'Enter': 0x1C, 'Tab': 0x0F, 'Space': 0x39,
+    'Backspace': 0x0E, 'Pause': 0x45,
+
+    // OEM keys
+    'Semicolon': 0x27, 'Equal': 0x0D, 'Comma': 0x33, 'Minus': 0x0C,
+    'Period': 0x34, 'Slash': 0x35, 'Backquote': 0x29,
+    'BracketLeft': 0x1A, 'Backslash': 0x2B, 'BracketRight': 0x1B, 'Quote': 0x28
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Codes that represent enhanced keys (extended keyboard keys).
+   */
+  private readonly _enhancedKeyCodes = new Set([
+    'ArrowUp', 'ArrowDown', 'ArrowLeft', 'ArrowRight',
+    'Home', 'End', 'PageUp', 'PageDown', 'Insert', 'Delete',
+    'NumpadEnter', 'NumpadDivide',
+    'ControlRight', 'AltRight',
+    'PrintScreen', 'Pause', 'ContextMenu',
+    'MetaLeft', 'MetaRight'
+  ]);
+
+  /**
+   * Mapping of special keys (ev.key values) to their Unicode control character codes.
+   * These keys have multi-character ev.key strings but produce control characters.
+   * @see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/key-event-record-str
+   */
+  private readonly _keyToControlChar: { [key: string]: number } = {
+    'Enter': 0x0D,      // Carriage return
+    'Backspace': 0x08,  // Backspace
+    'Tab': 0x09,        // Horizontal tab
+    'Escape': 0x1B      // Escape
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Get the Win32 virtual key code for a keyboard event.
+   */
+  private _getVirtualKeyCode(ev: IKeyboardEvent): number {
+    const vk = this._codeToVk[ev.code];
+    if (vk !== undefined) {
+      return vk;
+    }
+    // Fall back to keyCode for unmapped keys
+    return ev.keyCode || 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the Win32 scan code for a keyboard event.
+   * Returns 0 if unknown (scan codes vary by hardware).
+   */
+  private _getScanCode(ev: IKeyboardEvent): number {
+    return this._codeToScancode[ev.code] || 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the unicode character for a keyboard event.
+   * Returns 0 for non-character keys.
+   */
+  private _getUnicodeChar(ev: IKeyboardEvent): number {
+    // Handle special keys that produce control characters
+    // Ctrl modifies some of these: Ctrl+Enter=LF, Ctrl+Backspace=DEL
+    if (ev.ctrlKey && !ev.altKey && !ev.metaKey) {
+      if (ev.key === 'Enter') {
+        return 0x0A; // Line feed (Ctrl+Enter)
+      }
+      if (ev.key === 'Backspace') {
+        return 0x7F; // DEL (Ctrl+Backspace)
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check for special keys that always produce control characters
+    const controlChar = this._keyToControlChar[ev.key];
+    if (controlChar !== undefined) {
+      return controlChar;
+    }
+
+    // Only single-character keys produce unicode output
+    if (ev.key.length === 1) {
+      const codePoint = ev.key.codePointAt(0) || 0;
+
+      // Handle Ctrl+letter combinations - these produce control characters (0x01-0x1A)
+      if (ev.ctrlKey && !ev.altKey && !ev.metaKey) {
+        // Convert A-Z or a-z to control character (Ctrl+A = 0x01, Ctrl+C = 0x03, etc.)
+        if (codePoint >= 0x41 && codePoint <= 0x5A) { // A-Z
+          return codePoint - 0x40;
+        }
+        if (codePoint >= 0x61 && codePoint <= 0x7A) { // a-z
+          return codePoint - 0x60;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return codePoint;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the Win32 control key state flags.
+   */
+  private _getControlKeyState(ev: IKeyboardEvent): number {
+    let state = 0;
+
+    if (ev.shiftKey) {
+      state |= Win32ControlKeyState.SHIFT_PRESSED;
+    }
+
+    // Note: We can't distinguish left/right for ctrl/alt in standard browser events,
+    // so we use the generic pressed flags. The right-side flags are used when
+    // we can detect them (e.g., via code property).
+    if (ev.ctrlKey) {
+      if (ev.code === 'ControlRight') {
+        state |= Win32ControlKeyState.RIGHT_CTRL_PRESSED;
+      } else {
+        state |= Win32ControlKeyState.LEFT_CTRL_PRESSED;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (ev.altKey) {
+      if (ev.code === 'AltRight') {
+        state |= Win32ControlKeyState.RIGHT_ALT_PRESSED;
+      } else {
+        state |= Win32ControlKeyState.LEFT_ALT_PRESSED;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check for enhanced key
+    if (this._enhancedKeyCodes.has(ev.code)) {
+      state |= Win32ControlKeyState.ENHANCED_KEY;
+    }
+
+    return state;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Evaluate a keyboard event using Win32 input mode.
+   *
+   * @param ev The keyboard event.
+   * @param isKeyDown Whether this is a keydown (true) or keyup (false) event.
+   * @returns The keyboard result with the encoded key sequence.
+   */
+  public evaluateKeyboardEvent(ev: IKeyboardEvent, isKeyDown: boolean): IKeyboardResult {
+    const vk = this._getVirtualKeyCode(ev);
+    const sc = this._getScanCode(ev);
+    const uc = this._getUnicodeChar(ev);
+    const kd = isKeyDown ? 1 : 0;
+    const cs = this._getControlKeyState(ev);
+    const rc = 1; // Repeat count, always 1 for now
+
+    // Format: CSI Vk ; Sc ; Uc ; Kd ; Cs ; Rc _
+    return {
+      type: KeyboardResultType.SEND_KEY,
+      cancel: true,
+      key: `${C0.ESC}[${vk};${sc};${uc};${kd};${cs};${rc}_`
+    };
+  }
+}

package/src/common/input/WriteBuffer.ts

@@ -4,35 +4,35 @@
  * @license MIT
  */
 
-import { Disposable } from 'vs/base/common/lifecycle';
-import { Emitter } from 'vs/base/common/event';
+import { Disposable } from 'common/Lifecycle';
+import { Emitter } from 'common/Event';
 
 declare const setTimeout: (handler: () => void, timeout?: number) => void;
 
-/**
- * Safety watermark to avoid memory exhaustion and browser engine crash on fast data input.
- * Enable flow control to avoid this limit and make sure that your backend correctly
- * propagates this to the underlying pty. (see docs for further instructions)
- * Since this limit is meant as a safety parachute to prevent browser crashs,
- * it is set to a very high number. Typically xterm.js gets unresponsive with
- * a 100 times lower number (>500 kB).
- */
-const DISCARD_WATERMARK = 50000000; // ~50 MB
-
-/**
- * The max number of ms to spend on writes before allowing the renderer to
- * catch up with a 0ms setTimeout. A value of < 33 to keep us close to
- * 30fps, and a value of < 16 to try to run at 60fps. Of course, the real FPS
- * depends on the time it takes for the renderer to draw the frame.
- */
-const WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS = 12;
-
-/**
- * Threshold of max held chunks in the write buffer, that were already processed.
- * This is a tradeoff between extensive write buffer shifts (bad runtime) and high
- * memory consumption by data thats not used anymore.
- */
-const WRITE_BUFFER_LENGTH_THRESHOLD = 50;
+const enum Constants {
+  /**
+   * Safety watermark to avoid memory exhaustion and browser engine crash on fast data input.
+   * Enable flow control to avoid this limit and make sure that your backend correctly
+   * propagates this to the underlying pty. (see docs for further instructions)
+   * Since this limit is meant as a safety parachute to prevent browser crashs,
+   * it is set to a very high number. Typically xterm.js gets unresponsive with
+   * a 100 times lower number (>500 kB).
+   */
+  DISCARD_WATERMARK = 50000000, // ~50 MB
+  /**
+   * The max number of ms to spend on writes before allowing the renderer to
+   * catch up with a 0ms setTimeout. A value of < 33 to keep us close to
+   * 30fps, and a value of < 16 to try to run at 60fps. Of course, the real FPS
+   * depends on the time it takes for the renderer to draw the frame.
+   */
+  WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS = 12,
+  /**
+   * Threshold of max held chunks in the write buffer, that were already processed.
+   * This is a tradeoff between extensive write buffer shifts (bad runtime) and high
+   * memory consumption by data thats not used anymore.
+   */
+  WRITE_BUFFER_LENGTH_THRESHOLD = 50
+}
 
 export class WriteBuffer extends Disposable {
   private _writeBuffer: (string | Uint8Array)[] = [];
@@ -54,6 +54,43 @@ export class WriteBuffer extends Disposable {
     this._didUserInput = true;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Flushes all pending writes synchronously. This is useful when you need to
+   * ensure all queued data is processed before performing an operation that
+   * depends upon everything being parsed like resize.
+   *
+   * Note: This is unreliable with async parser handlers as it does not wait for
+   * promises to resolve.
+   */
+  public flushSync(): void {
+    // exit early if another sync write loop is active
+    if (this._isSyncWriting) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this._isSyncWriting = true;
+
+    // Process all pending chunks synchronously
+    let chunk: string | Uint8Array | undefined;
+    let didProcess = false;
+    while (chunk = this._writeBuffer.shift()) {
+      didProcess = true;
+      this._action(chunk);
+      const cb = this._callbacks.shift();
+      if (cb) cb();
+    }
+
+    // Reset buffer state
+    this._pendingData = 0;
+    this._bufferOffset = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+    this._writeBuffer.length = 0;
+    this._callbacks.length = 0;
+
+    this._isSyncWriting = false;
+    if (didProcess) {
+      this._onWriteParsed.fire();
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * @deprecated Unreliable, to be removed soon.
    */
@@ -101,7 +138,7 @@ export class WriteBuffer extends Disposable {
   }
 
   public write(data: string | Uint8Array, callback?: () => void): void {
-    if (this._pendingData > DISCARD_WATERMARK) {
+    if (this._pendingData > Constants.DISCARD_WATERMARK) {
       throw new Error('write data discarded, use flow control to avoid losing data');
     }
 
@@ -137,7 +174,7 @@ export class WriteBuffer extends Disposable {
    * effectively lowering the redrawing needs, schematically:
    *
    *   macroTask _innerWrite:
-   *     if (performance.now() - (lastTime | 0) < WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS):
+   *     if (performance.now() - (lastTime | 0) < Constants.WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS):
    *        schedule microTask _innerWrite(lastTime)
    *     else:
    *        schedule macroTask _innerWrite(0)
@@ -186,7 +223,7 @@ export class WriteBuffer extends Disposable {
          * responsibility to slice hard work), but we can at least schedule a screen update as we
          * gain control.
          */
-        const continuation: (r: boolean) => void = (r: boolean) => performance.now() - startTime >= WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS
+        const continuation: (r: boolean) => void = (r: boolean) => performance.now() - startTime >= Constants.WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS
           ? setTimeout(() => this._innerWrite(0, r))
           : this._innerWrite(startTime, r);
 
@@ -203,7 +240,7 @@ export class WriteBuffer extends Disposable {
          * current microtask queue (executed before setTimeout).
          */
         // const continuation: (r: boolean) => void = performance.now() - startTime >=
-        //     WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS
+        //     Constants.WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS
         //   ? r => setTimeout(() => this._innerWrite(0, r))
         //   : r => this._innerWrite(startTime, r);
 
@@ -223,14 +260,14 @@ export class WriteBuffer extends Disposable {
       this._bufferOffset++;
       this._pendingData -= data.length;
 
-      if (performance.now() - startTime >= WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      if (performance.now() - startTime >= Constants.WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS) {
         break;
       }
     }
     if (this._writeBuffer.length > this._bufferOffset) {
       // Allow renderer to catch up before processing the next batch
       // trim already processed chunks if we are above threshold
-      if (this._bufferOffset > WRITE_BUFFER_LENGTH_THRESHOLD) {
+      if (this._bufferOffset > Constants.WRITE_BUFFER_LENGTH_THRESHOLD) {
         this._writeBuffer = this._writeBuffer.slice(this._bufferOffset);
         this._callbacks = this._callbacks.slice(this._bufferOffset);
         this._bufferOffset = 0;

package/src/common/input/XParseColor.ts

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export function parseColor(data: string): [number, number, number] | undefined {
   if (!data) return;
   // also handle uppercases
   let low = data.toLowerCase();
-  if (low.indexOf('rgb:') === 0) {
+  if (low.startsWith('rgb:')) {
     // 'rgb:' specifier
     low = low.slice(4);
     const m = RGB_REX.exec(low);
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export function parseColor(data: string): [number, number, number] | undefined {
         Math.round(parseInt(m[3] || m[6] || m[9] || m[12], 16) / base * 255)
       ];
     }
-  } else if (low.indexOf('#') === 0) {
+  } else if (low.startsWith('#')) {
     // '#' specifier
     low = low.slice(1);
     if (HASH_REX.exec(low) && [3, 6, 9, 12].includes(low.length)) {

package/src/common/parser/ApcParser.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 The xterm.js authors. All rights reserved.
+ * @license MIT
+ */
+
+import { IApcHandler, IHandlerCollection, ApcFallbackHandlerType, IApcParser, ISubParserStackState } from 'common/parser/Types';
+import { ParserConstants } from 'common/parser/Constants';
+import { utf32ToString } from 'common/input/TextDecoder';
+import { IDisposable } from 'common/Types';
+import { LimitedStringBuilder } from 'common/StringBuilder';
+
+const EMPTY_HANDLERS: IApcHandler[] = [];
+
+/**
+ * APC Parser for handling Application Program Command sequences.
+ * APC sequences use the format: ESC _ <identifier><data> ESC \
+ *
+ * Unlike OSC which uses numeric identifiers (e.g., OSC 1337),
+ * APC uses the first character as the identifier (e.g., 'G' for Kitty graphics).
+ * The identifier is the character code of the first byte after ESC _.
+ */
+export class ApcParser implements IApcParser {
+  private _handlers: IHandlerCollection<IApcHandler> = Object.create(null);
+  private _active = EMPTY_HANDLERS;
+  private _ident: number = 0;
+  private _handlerFb: ApcFallbackHandlerType = () => { };
+  private _stack: ISubParserStackState = {
+    paused: false,
+    loopPosition: 0,
+    fallThrough: false
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Register an APC handler for a specific identifier.
+   * @param ident The character code of the first byte (e.g., 0x47 for 'G')
+   * @param handler The handler to register
+   */
+  public registerHandler(ident: number, handler: IApcHandler): IDisposable {
+    this._handlers[ident] ??= [];
+    const handlerList = this._handlers[ident];
+    handlerList.push(handler);
+    return {
+      dispose: () => {
+        const handlerIndex = handlerList.indexOf(handler);
+        if (handlerIndex !== -1) {
+          handlerList.splice(handlerIndex, 1);
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  public clearHandler(ident: number): void {
+    if (this._handlers[ident]) delete this._handlers[ident];
+  }
+
+  public setHandlerFallback(handler: ApcFallbackHandlerType): void {
+    this._handlerFb = handler;
+  }
+
+  public dispose(): void {
+    this._handlers = Object.create(null);
+    this._handlerFb = () => { };
+    this._active = EMPTY_HANDLERS;
+  }
+
+  public reset(): void {
+    // force cleanup handlers
+    if (this._active.length) {
+      for (let j = this._stack.paused ? this._stack.loopPosition - 1 : this._active.length - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
+        this._active[j].end(false);
+      }
+    }
+    this._stack.paused = false;
+    this._active = EMPTY_HANDLERS;
+    this._ident = 0;
+  }
+
+  public start(ident: number): void {
+    // always reset leftover handlers
+    this.reset();
+    this._ident = ident;
+    this._active = this._handlers[ident] || EMPTY_HANDLERS;
+    if (!this._active.length) {
+      this._handlerFb(this._ident, 'START');
+    } else {
+      for (let j = this._active.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+        this._active[j].start();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public put(data: Uint32Array, start: number, end: number): void {
+    if (!this._active.length) {
+      this._handlerFb(this._ident, 'PUT', utf32ToString(data, start, end));
+    } else {
+      for (let j = this._active.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+        this._active[j].put(data, start, end);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Indicates end of an APC command.
+   * Whether the APC got aborted or finished normally
+   * is indicated by `success`.
+   */
+  public end(success: boolean, promiseResult: boolean = true): void | Promise<boolean> {
+    if (!this._active.length) {
+      this._handlerFb(this._ident, 'END', success);
+    } else {
+      let handlerResult: boolean | Promise<boolean> = false;
+      let j = this._active.length - 1;
+      let fallThrough = false;
+      if (this._stack.paused) {
+        j = this._stack.loopPosition - 1;
+        handlerResult = promiseResult;
+        fallThrough = this._stack.fallThrough;
+        this._stack.paused = false;
+      }
+      if (!fallThrough && handlerResult === false) {
+        for (; j >= 0; j--) {
+          handlerResult = this._active[j].end(success);
+          if (handlerResult === true) {
+            break;
+          } else if (handlerResult instanceof Promise) {
+            this._stack.paused = true;
+            this._stack.loopPosition = j;
+            this._stack.fallThrough = false;
+            return handlerResult;
+          }
+        }
+        j--;
+      }
+      // cleanup left over handlers (fallThrough for async)
+      for (; j >= 0; j--) {
+        handlerResult = this._active[j].end(false);
+        if (handlerResult instanceof Promise) {
+          this._stack.paused = true;
+          this._stack.loopPosition = j;
+          this._stack.fallThrough = true;
+          return handlerResult;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    this._active = EMPTY_HANDLERS;
+    this._ident = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convenient class to allow attaching string based handler functions
+ * as APC handlers.
+ */
+export class ApcHandler implements IApcHandler {
+  private static _payloadLimit = ParserConstants.PAYLOAD_LIMIT;
+
+  private _data = new LimitedStringBuilder(ApcHandler._payloadLimit);
+  private _hitLimit: boolean = false;
+
+  constructor(private _handler: (data: string) => boolean | Promise<boolean>) { }
+
+  public start(): void {
+    this._data.reset();
+    this._hitLimit = false;
+  }
+
+  public put(data: Uint32Array, start: number, end: number): void {
+    if (this._hitLimit) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this._data.append(utf32ToString(data, start, end))) {
+      this._hitLimit = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public end(success: boolean): boolean | Promise<boolean> {
+    let ret: boolean | Promise<boolean> = false;
+    if (this._hitLimit) {
+      ret = false;
+    } else if (success) {
+      ret = this._handler(this._data.toString());
+      if (ret instanceof Promise) {
+        // need to hold data until `ret` got resolved
+        // dont care for errors, data will be freed anyway on next start
+        return ret.then(res => {
+          this._data.reset();
+          this._hitLimit = false;
+          return res;
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    this._data.reset();
+    this._hitLimit = false;
+    return ret;
+  }
+}