@xterm/xterm 6.1.0-beta.23 → 6.1.0-beta.230

package/src/common/Lifecycle.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2024-2026 The xterm.js authors. All rights reserved.
+ * @license MIT
+ *
+ * Minimal lifecycle utilities for xterm.js core.
+ * Simplified from VS Code's lifecycle.ts - no tracking/leak detection.
+ */
+
+export interface IDisposable {
+  dispose(): void;
+}
+
+export function toDisposable(fn: () => void): IDisposable {
+  return { dispose: fn };
+}
+
+export function dispose<T extends IDisposable>(disposable: T): T;
+export function dispose<T extends IDisposable>(disposable: T | undefined): T | undefined;
+export function dispose<T extends IDisposable>(disposables: T[]): T[];
+export function dispose<T extends IDisposable>(arg: T | T[] | undefined): T | T[] | undefined {
+  if (!arg) {
+    return arg;
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(arg)) {
+    for (const d of arg) {
+      d.dispose();
+    }
+    return [];
+  }
+  arg.dispose();
+  return arg;
+}
+
+export function combinedDisposable(...disposables: IDisposable[]): IDisposable {
+  return toDisposable(() => dispose(disposables));
+}
+
+export class DisposableStore implements IDisposable {
+  private readonly _disposables = new Set<IDisposable>();
+  private _isDisposed = false;
+
+  public get isDisposed(): boolean {
+    return this._isDisposed;
+  }
+
+  public add<T extends IDisposable>(o: T): T {
+    if (this._isDisposed) {
+      o.dispose();
+    } else {
+      this._disposables.add(o);
+    }
+    return o;
+  }
+
+  public dispose(): void {
+    if (this._isDisposed) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this._isDisposed = true;
+    for (const d of this._disposables) {
+      d.dispose();
+    }
+    this._disposables.clear();
+  }
+
+  public clear(): void {
+    for (const d of this._disposables) {
+      d.dispose();
+    }
+    this._disposables.clear();
+  }
+}
+
+export abstract class Disposable implements IDisposable {
+  public static readonly None: IDisposable = Object.freeze({ dispose() { } });
+
+  protected readonly _store = new DisposableStore();
+
+  public dispose(): void {
+    this._store.dispose();
+  }
+
+  protected _register<T extends IDisposable>(o: T): T {
+    return this._store.add(o);
+  }
+}
+
+export class MutableDisposable<T extends IDisposable> implements IDisposable {
+  private _value: T | undefined;
+  private _isDisposed = false;
+
+  public get value(): T | undefined {
+    return this._isDisposed ? undefined : this._value;
+  }
+
+  public set value(value: T | undefined) {
+    if (this._isDisposed || value === this._value) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this._value?.dispose();
+    this._value = value;
+  }
+
+  public clear(): void {
+    this.value = undefined;
+  }
+
+  public dispose(): void {
+    this._isDisposed = true;
+    this._value?.dispose();
+    this._value = undefined;
+  }
+}

package/src/common/Platform.ts

@@ -14,13 +14,25 @@ interface INavigator {
 declare const navigator: INavigator;
 declare const process: unknown;
 
-export const isNode = (typeof process !== 'undefined' && 'title' in (process as any)) ? true : false;
+// navigator.userAgent is also checked here because bundling with the process module can cause
+// issues otherwise. Note that navigator exists in Node.js 21+ but the userAgent is
+// "Node.js/<version>".
+export const isNode = (typeof process !== 'undefined' && 'title' in (process as any) && (typeof navigator === 'undefined' || navigator.userAgent.startsWith('Node.js/'))) ? true : false;
 const userAgent = (isNode) ? 'node' : navigator.userAgent;
 const platform = (isNode) ? 'node' : navigator.platform;
 
 export const isFirefox = userAgent.includes('Firefox');
+export const isChrome = userAgent.includes('Chrome');
 export const isLegacyEdge = userAgent.includes('Edge');
 export const isSafari = /^((?!chrome|android).)*safari/i.test(userAgent);
+
+interface IZoomWindow {
+  devicePixelRatio?: number;
+}
+
+export function getZoomFactor(_targetWindow: IZoomWindow): number {
+  return 1;
+}
 export function getSafariVersion(): number {
   if (!isSafari) {
     return 0;
@@ -36,8 +48,6 @@ export function getSafariVersion(): number {
 // and ISO third level shifts.
 // http://stackoverflow.com/q/19877924/577598
 export const isMac = ['Macintosh', 'MacIntel', 'MacPPC', 'Mac68K'].includes(platform);
-export const isIpad = platform === 'iPad';
-export const isIphone = platform === 'iPhone';
 export const isWindows = ['Windows', 'Win16', 'Win32', 'WinCE'].includes(platform);
 export const isLinux = platform.indexOf('Linux') >= 0;
 // Note that when this is true, isLinux will also be true.

package/src/common/SortedList.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  */
 
 import { IdleTaskQueue } from 'common/TaskQueue';
+import type { ILogService } from 'common/services/Services';
 
 // Work variables to avoid garbage collection.
 let i = 0;
@@ -18,16 +19,19 @@ export class SortedList<T> {
   private _array: T[] = [];
 
   private readonly _insertedValues: T[] = [];
-  private readonly _flushInsertedTask = new IdleTaskQueue();
+  private readonly _flushInsertedTask: InstanceType<typeof IdleTaskQueue>;
   private _isFlushingInserted = false;
 
   private readonly _deletedIndices: number[] = [];
-  private readonly _flushDeletedTask = new IdleTaskQueue();
+  private readonly _flushDeletedTask: InstanceType<typeof IdleTaskQueue>;
   private _isFlushingDeleted = false;
 
   constructor(
-    private readonly _getKey: (value: T) => number
+    private readonly _getKey: (value: T) => number,
+    logService: ILogService
   ) {
+    this._flushInsertedTask = new IdleTaskQueue(logService);
+    this._flushDeletedTask = new IdleTaskQueue(logService);
   }
 
   public clear(): void {

package/src/common/TaskQueue.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * @license MIT
  */
 
-import { isNode } from 'common/Platform';
+import type { ILogService } from 'common/services/Services';
 
 interface ITaskQueue {
   /**
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ abstract class TaskQueue implements ITaskQueue {
   private _tasks: (() => boolean | void)[] = [];
   private _idleCallback?: number;
   private _i = 0;
+  protected readonly _logService: ILogService;
+
+  constructor(logService: ILogService) {
+    this._logService = logService;
+  }
 
   protected abstract _requestCallback(callback: CallbackWithDeadline): number;
   protected abstract _cancelCallback(identifier: number): void;
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ abstract class TaskQueue implements ITaskQueue {
         // Warn when the time exceeding the deadline is over 20ms, if this happens in practice the
         // task should be split into sub-tasks to ensure the UI remains responsive.
         if (lastDeadlineRemaining - taskDuration < -20) {
-          console.warn(`task queue exceeded allotted deadline by ${Math.abs(Math.round(lastDeadlineRemaining - taskDuration))}ms`);
+          this._logService.warn(`task queue exceeded allotted deadline by ${Math.abs(Math.round(lastDeadlineRemaining - taskDuration))}ms`);
         }
         this._start();
         return;
@@ -142,7 +147,7 @@ class IdleTaskQueueInternal extends TaskQueue {
  * This reverts to a {@link PriorityTaskQueue} if the environment does not support idle callbacks.
  */
 // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
-export const IdleTaskQueue = (!isNode && 'requestIdleCallback' in window) ? IdleTaskQueueInternal : PriorityTaskQueue;
+export const IdleTaskQueue = ('requestIdleCallback' in globalThis) ? IdleTaskQueueInternal : PriorityTaskQueue;
 
 /**
  * An object that tracks a single debounced task that will run on the next idle frame. When called
@@ -151,8 +156,8 @@ export const IdleTaskQueue = (!isNode && 'requestIdleCallback' in window) ? Idle
 export class DebouncedIdleTask {
   private _queue: ITaskQueue;
 
-  constructor() {
-    this._queue = new IdleTaskQueue();
+  constructor(logService: ILogService) {
+    this._queue = new IdleTaskQueue(logService);
   }
 
   public set(task: () => boolean | void): void {
@@ -163,4 +168,8 @@ export class DebouncedIdleTask {
   public flush(): void {
     this._queue.flush();
   }
+
+  public dispose(): void {
+    this._queue.clear();
+  }
 }

package/src/common/Types.ts

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ import { IDeleteEvent, IInsertEvent } from 'common/CircularList';
 import { UnderlineStyle } from 'common/buffer/Constants';
 import { IBufferSet } from 'common/buffer/Types';
 import { IParams } from 'common/parser/Types';
-import { ICoreMouseService, ICoreService, IOptionsService, IUnicodeService } from 'common/services/Services';
+import { IMouseStateService, ICoreService, IOptionsService, IUnicodeService } from 'common/services/Services';
 import { IFunctionIdentifier, ITerminalOptions as IPublicTerminalOptions } from '@xterm/xterm';
-import type { Emitter, Event } from 'vs/base/common/event';
+import type { Emitter, IEvent } from 'common/Event';
 
 export interface ICoreTerminal {
-  coreMouseService: ICoreMouseService;
+  mouseStateService: IMouseStateService;
   coreService: ICoreService;
   optionsService: IOptionsService;
   unicodeService: IUnicodeService;
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ export interface ICoreTerminal {
   registerDcsHandler(id: IFunctionIdentifier, callback: (data: string, param: IParams) => boolean | Promise<boolean>): IDisposable;
   registerEscHandler(id: IFunctionIdentifier, callback: () => boolean | Promise<boolean>): IDisposable;
   registerOscHandler(ident: number, callback: (data: string) => boolean | Promise<boolean>): IDisposable;
+  registerApcHandler(id: IFunctionIdentifier, callback: (data: string) => boolean | Promise<boolean>): IDisposable;
 }
 
 export interface IDisposable {
@@ -31,7 +32,6 @@ export interface IDisposable {
 // TODO: The options that are not in the public API should be reviewed
 export interface ITerminalOptions extends IPublicTerminalOptions {
   [key: string]: any;
-  cancelEvents?: boolean;
   convertEol?: boolean;
   termName?: string;
 }
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ export interface ICircularList<T> {
   isFull: boolean;
 
   onDeleteEmitter: Emitter<IDeleteEvent>;
-  onDelete: Event<IDeleteEvent>;
+  onDelete: IEvent<IDeleteEvent>;
   onInsertEmitter: Emitter<IInsertEvent>;
-  onInsert: Event<IInsertEvent>;
+  onInsert: IEvent<IInsertEvent>;
   onTrimEmitter: Emitter<number>;
-  onTrim: Event<number>;
+  onTrim: IEvent<number>;
 
   get(index: number): T | undefined;
   set(index: number, value: T): void;
@@ -101,13 +101,13 @@ export interface ICharset {
   [key: string]: string | undefined;
 }
 
-export type CharData = [number, string, number, number];
+export type CharData = [attr: number, char: string, width: number, code: number];
 
 export interface IColor {
   readonly css: string;
   readonly rgba: number; // 32-bit int with rgba in each byte
 }
-export type IColorRGB = [number, number, number];
+export type IColorRGB = [red: number, green: number, blue: number];
 
 export interface IExtendedAttrs {
   ext: number;
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ export interface IMarker extends IDisposable {
   readonly id: number;
   readonly isDisposed: boolean;
   readonly line: number;
-  onDispose: Event<void>;
+  onDispose: IEvent<void>;
 }
 export interface IModes {
   insertMode: boolean;
@@ -268,15 +268,34 @@ export interface IDecPrivateModes {
   applicationCursorKeys: boolean;
   applicationKeypad: boolean;
   bracketedPasteMode: boolean;
+  colorSchemeUpdates: boolean;
   cursorBlink: boolean | undefined;
   cursorStyle: CursorStyle | undefined;
   origin: boolean;
   reverseWraparound: boolean;
   sendFocus: boolean;
   synchronizedOutput: boolean;
+  win32InputMode: boolean;
   wraparound: boolean; // defaults: xterm - true, vt100 - false
 }
 
+/**
+ * Kitty keyboard protocol state.
+ * Maintains per-screen stacks of enhancement flags.
+ */
+export interface IKittyKeyboardState {
+  /** Current active enhancement flags (for current screen) */
+  flags: number;
+  /** Saved flags for main screen when alt is active */
+  mainFlags: number;
+  /** Saved flags for alternate screen when main is active */
+  altFlags: number;
+  /** Stack of flags for main screen */
+  mainStack: number[];
+  /** Stack of flags for alternate screen */
+  altStack: number[];
+}
+
 export interface IRowRange {
   start: number;
   end: number;
@@ -324,7 +343,7 @@ export interface ICoreMouseEvent {
    * it is not possible to report multiple buttons at once.
    * Wheel is treated as a button.
    * There are invalid combinations of buttons and actions possible
-   * (like move + wheel), those are silently ignored by the CoreMouseService.
+   * (like move + wheel), those are silently ignored by the MouseStateService.
    */
   button: CoreMouseButton;
   action: CoreMouseAction;
@@ -341,7 +360,7 @@ export interface ICoreMouseEvent {
  * CoreMouseEventType
  * To be reported to the browser component which events a mouse
  * protocol wants to be catched and forwarded as an ICoreMouseEvent
- * to CoreMouseService.
+ * to MouseStateService.
  */
 export const enum CoreMouseEventType {
   NONE = 0,
@@ -359,7 +378,7 @@ export const enum CoreMouseEventType {
 
 /**
  * Mouse protocol interface.
- * A mouse protocol can be registered and activated at the CoreMouseService.
+ * A mouse protocol can be registered and activated at the MouseStateService.
  * `events` should contain a list of needed events as a hint for the browser component
  * to install/remove the appropriate event handlers.
  * `restrict` applies further protocol specific restrictions like not allowed
@@ -372,7 +391,7 @@ export interface ICoreMouseProtocol {
 
 /**
  * CoreMouseEncoding
- * The tracking encoding can be registered and activated at the CoreMouseService.
+ * The tracking encoding can be registered and activated at the MouseStateService.
  * If a ICoreMouseEvent passes all procotol restrictions it will be encoded
  * with the active encoding and sent out.
  * Note: Returning an empty string will supress sending a mouse report,
@@ -449,7 +468,7 @@ export type IColorEvent = (IColorReportRequest | IColorSetRequest | IColorRestor
  * Calls the parser and handles actions generated by the parser.
  */
 export interface IInputHandler {
-  onTitleChange: Event<string>;
+  onTitleChange: IEvent<string>;
 
   parse(data: string | Uint8Array, promiseResult?: boolean): void | Promise<boolean>;
   print(data: Uint32Array, start: number, end: number): void;
@@ -457,6 +476,7 @@ export interface IInputHandler {
   registerDcsHandler(id: IFunctionIdentifier, callback: (data: string, param: IParams) => boolean | Promise<boolean>): IDisposable;
   registerEscHandler(id: IFunctionIdentifier, callback: () => boolean | Promise<boolean>): IDisposable;
   registerOscHandler(ident: number, callback: (data: string) => boolean | Promise<boolean>): IDisposable;
+  registerApcHandler(id: IFunctionIdentifier, callback: (data: string) => boolean | Promise<boolean>): IDisposable;
 
   /** C0 BEL */ bell(): boolean;
   /** C0 LF */ lineFeed(): boolean;
@@ -508,8 +528,8 @@ export interface IInputHandler {
   /** CSI ' } */ insertColumns(params: IParams): boolean;
   /** CSI ' ~ */ deleteColumns(params: IParams): boolean;
 
-  /** OSC 0
-      OSC 2 */ setTitle(data: string): boolean;
+  /** OSC 0 */
+  /** OSC 2 */ setTitle(data: string): boolean;
   /** OSC 4 */ setOrReportIndexedColor(data: string): boolean;
   /** OSC 10 */ setOrReportFgColor(data: string): boolean;
   /** OSC 11 */ setOrReportBgColor(data: string): boolean;
@@ -522,24 +542,24 @@ export interface IInputHandler {
   /** ESC E */ nextLine(): boolean;
   /** ESC = */ keypadApplicationMode(): boolean;
   /** ESC > */ keypadNumericMode(): boolean;
-  /** ESC % G
-      ESC % @ */ selectDefaultCharset(): boolean;
-  /** ESC ( C
-      ESC ) C
-      ESC * C
-      ESC + C
-      ESC - C
-      ESC . C
-      ESC / C */ selectCharset(collectAndFlag: string): boolean;
+  /** ESC % G */
+  /** ESC % @ */ selectDefaultCharset(): boolean;
+  /** ESC ( C */
+  /** ESC ) C */
+  /** ESC * C */
+  /** ESC + C */
+  /** ESC - C */
+  /** ESC . C */
+  /** ESC / C */ selectCharset(collectAndFlag: string): boolean;
   /** ESC D */ index(): boolean;
   /** ESC H */ tabSet(): boolean;
   /** ESC M */ reverseIndex(): boolean;
   /** ESC c */ fullReset(): boolean;
-  /** ESC n
-      ESC o
-      ESC |
-      ESC }
-      ESC ~ */ setgLevel(level: number): boolean;
+  /** ESC n */
+  /** ESC o */
+  /** ESC | */
+  /** ESC } */
+  /** ESC ~ */ setgLevel(level: number): boolean;
   /** ESC # 8 */ screenAlignmentPattern(): boolean;
 }
 

package/src/common/Version.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 The xterm.js authors. All rights reserved.
+ * @license MIT
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The xterm.js version. This is updated by the publish script from package.json.
+ */
+export const XTERM_VERSION = '6.1.0-beta.230';

package/src/common/buffer/Buffer.ts

@@ -4,17 +4,19 @@
  */
 
 import { CircularList, IInsertEvent } from 'common/CircularList';
+import { Disposable, toDisposable } from 'common/Lifecycle';
 import { IdleTaskQueue } from 'common/TaskQueue';
 import { IAttributeData, IBufferLine, ICellData, ICharset } from 'common/Types';
 import { ExtendedAttrs } from 'common/buffer/AttributeData';
 import { BufferLine, DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA } from 'common/buffer/BufferLine';
+import { BufferLineStringCache } from 'common/buffer/BufferLineStringCache';
 import { getWrappedLineTrimmedLength, reflowLargerApplyNewLayout, reflowLargerCreateNewLayout, reflowLargerGetLinesToRemove, reflowSmallerGetNewLineLengths } from 'common/buffer/BufferReflow';
 import { CellData } from 'common/buffer/CellData';
 import { NULL_CELL_CHAR, NULL_CELL_CODE, NULL_CELL_WIDTH, WHITESPACE_CELL_CHAR, WHITESPACE_CELL_CODE, WHITESPACE_CELL_WIDTH } from 'common/buffer/Constants';
 import { Marker } from 'common/buffer/Marker';
 import { IBuffer } from 'common/buffer/Types';
 import { DEFAULT_CHARSET } from 'common/data/Charsets';
-import { IBufferService, IOptionsService } from 'common/services/Services';
+import { IBufferService, ILogService, IOptionsService } from 'common/services/Services';
 
 export const MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = 4294967295; // 2^32 - 1
 
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ export const MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = 4294967295; // 2^32 - 1
  *   - cursor position
  *   - scroll position
  */
-export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
+export class Buffer extends Disposable implements IBuffer {
   public lines: CircularList<IBufferLine>;
   public ydisp: number = 0;
   public ybase: number = 0;
@@ -38,24 +40,37 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
   public savedX: number = 0;
   public savedCurAttrData = DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA.clone();
   public savedCharset: ICharset | undefined = DEFAULT_CHARSET;
+  public savedCharsets: (ICharset | undefined)[] = [];
+  public savedGlevel: number = 0;
+  public savedOriginMode: boolean = false;
+  public savedWraparoundMode: boolean = true;
   public markers: Marker[] = [];
   private _nullCell: ICellData = CellData.fromCharData([0, NULL_CELL_CHAR, NULL_CELL_WIDTH, NULL_CELL_CODE]);
   private _whitespaceCell: ICellData = CellData.fromCharData([0, WHITESPACE_CELL_CHAR, WHITESPACE_CELL_WIDTH, WHITESPACE_CELL_CODE]);
   private _cols: number;
   private _rows: number;
   private _isClearing: boolean = false;
+  private _memoryCleanupQueue: InstanceType<typeof IdleTaskQueue>;
+  private _memoryCleanupPosition = 0;
+  private readonly _stringCache: BufferLineStringCache;
 
   constructor(
     private _hasScrollback: boolean,
     private _optionsService: IOptionsService,
-    private _bufferService: IBufferService
+    private _bufferService: IBufferService,
+    private readonly _logService: ILogService
   ) {
+    super();
     this._cols = this._bufferService.cols;
     this._rows = this._bufferService.rows;
     this.lines = new CircularList<IBufferLine>(this._getCorrectBufferLength(this._rows));
     this.scrollTop = 0;
     this.scrollBottom = this._rows - 1;
     this.setupTabStops();
+    this._memoryCleanupQueue = new IdleTaskQueue(this._logService);
+    this._register(toDisposable(() => this._memoryCleanupQueue.clear()));
+    this._register(toDisposable(() => this.clearAllMarkers()));
+    this._stringCache = this._register(new BufferLineStringCache());
   }
 
   public getNullCell(attr?: IAttributeData): ICellData {
@@ -85,7 +100,7 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
   }
 
   public getBlankLine(attr: IAttributeData, isWrapped?: boolean): IBufferLine {
-    return new BufferLine(this._bufferService.cols, this.getNullCell(attr), isWrapped);
+    return new BufferLine(this._stringCache, this._bufferService.cols, this.getNullCell(attr), isWrapped);
   }
 
   public get hasScrollback(): boolean {
@@ -118,9 +133,7 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
    */
   public fillViewportRows(fillAttr?: IAttributeData): void {
     if (this.lines.length === 0) {
-      if (fillAttr === undefined) {
-        fillAttr = DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA;
-      }
+      fillAttr ??= DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA;
       let i = this._rows;
       while (i--) {
         this.lines.push(this.getBlankLine(fillAttr));
@@ -132,6 +145,7 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
    * Clears the buffer to it's initial state, discarding all previous data.
    */
   public clear(): void {
+    this._stringCache.clear();
     this.ydisp = 0;
     this.ybase = 0;
     this.y = 0;
@@ -150,6 +164,7 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
   public resize(newCols: number, newRows: number): void {
     // store reference to null cell with default attrs
     const nullCell = this.getNullCell(DEFAULT_ATTR_DATA);
+    this._stringCache.clear();
 
     // count bufferlines with overly big memory to be cleaned afterwards
     let dirtyMemoryLines = 0;
@@ -184,7 +199,7 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
             if (this._optionsService.rawOptions.windowsPty.backend !== undefined || this._optionsService.rawOptions.windowsPty.buildNumber !== undefined) {
               // Just add the new missing rows on Windows as conpty reprints the screen with it's
               // view of the world. Once a line enters scrollback for conpty it remains there
-              this.lines.push(new BufferLine(newCols, nullCell));
+              this.lines.push(new BufferLine(this._stringCache, newCols, nullCell, false));
             } else {
               if (this.ybase > 0 && this.lines.length <= this.ybase + this.y + addToY + 1) {
                 // There is room above the buffer and there are no empty elements below the line,
@@ -198,7 +213,7 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
               } else {
                 // Add a blank line if there is no buffer left at the top to scroll to, or if there
                 // are blank lines after the cursor
-                this.lines.push(new BufferLine(newCols, nullCell));
+                this.lines.push(new BufferLine(this._stringCache, newCols, nullCell, false));
               }
             }
           }
@@ -260,6 +275,13 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
     this._cols = newCols;
     this._rows = newRows;
 
+    // Ensure the cursor position invariant: ybase + y must be within buffer bounds
+    // This can be violated during reflow or when shrinking rows
+    if (this.lines.length > 0) {
+      const maxY = Math.max(0, this.lines.length - this.ybase - 1);
+      this.y = Math.min(this.y, maxY);
+    }
+
     this._memoryCleanupQueue.clear();
     // schedule memory cleanup only, if more than 10% of the lines are affected
     if (dirtyMemoryLines > 0.1 * this.lines.length) {
@@ -268,9 +290,6 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
     }
   }
 
-  private _memoryCleanupQueue = new IdleTaskQueue();
-  private _memoryCleanupPosition = 0;
-
   private _batchedMemoryCleanup(): boolean {
     let normalRun = true;
     if (this._memoryCleanupPosition >= this.lines.length) {
@@ -335,7 +354,7 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
         }
         if (this.lines.length < newRows) {
           // Add an extra row at the bottom of the viewport
-          this.lines.push(new BufferLine(newCols, nullCell));
+          this.lines.push(new BufferLine(this._stringCache, newCols, nullCell, false));
         }
       } else {
         if (this.ydisp === this.ybase) {
@@ -578,9 +597,7 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
    * @param x The position to move the cursor to the previous tab stop.
    */
   public prevStop(x?: number): number {
-    if (x === null || x === undefined) {
-      x = this.x;
-    }
+    x ??= this.x;
     while (!this.tabs[--x] && x > 0);
     return x >= this._cols ? this._cols - 1 : x < 0 ? 0 : x;
   }
@@ -590,9 +607,7 @@ export class Buffer implements IBuffer {
    * @param x The position to move the cursor one tab stop forward.
    */
   public nextStop(x?: number): number {
-    if (x === null || x === undefined) {
-      x = this.x;
-    }
+    x ??= this.x;
     while (!this.tabs[++x] && x < this._cols);
     return x >= this._cols ? this._cols - 1 : x < 0 ? 0 : x;
   }