@xrkseek/harness 0.6.21 → 0.7.0-rc.1

package/node_modules/@xrkseek/schemastery/src/index.ts

@@ -1,906 +1,906 @@
-import { Binary, clone, deepEqual, filterKeys, isNullable, isPlainObject, pick, valueMap, type Dict } from '@xrkseek/cosmokit'
-import type { StandardSchemaV1 } from '@standard-schema/spec'
-
-const kSchema = Symbol.for('schemastery')
-const kValidationError = Symbol.for('ValidationError')
-
-declare global {
-  namespace Schemastery {
-    /** Convert primitive constructors, constants, and existing schemas into a schema type. */
-    export type From<X> =
-      | X extends string | number | boolean ? Schema<X>
-      : X extends Schema ? X
-      : X extends typeof String ? Schema<string>
-      : X extends typeof Number ? Schema<number>
-      : X extends typeof Boolean ? Schema<boolean>
-      : X extends typeof Function ? Schema<Function, (...args: any[]) => any>
-      : X extends Constructor<infer S> ? Schema<S>
-      : never
-
-    type TypeS1<X> = X extends Schema<infer S, unknown> ? S : never
-    type Inverse<X> = X extends Schema<any, infer Y> ? (arg: Y) => void : never
-
-    /** Input type accepted by a schema-like value. */
-    export type TypeS<X> = TypeS1<From<X>>
-    /** Output type returned by a schema-like value after validation. */
-    export type TypeT<X> = ReturnType<From<X>>
-    /** Resolver callback used by custom schema types registered with `Schema.extend()`. */
-    export type Resolve = (data: any, schema: Schema, options: Options, strict?: boolean) => [any, any?]
-
-    /** Input type accepted by one schema in an intersection. */
-    export type IntersectS<X> = From<X> extends Schema<infer S, unknown> ? S : never
-    /** Output type returned by one schema in an intersection. */
-    export type IntersectT<X> = Inverse<From<X>> extends ((arg: infer T) => void) ? T : never
-
-    type TupleS<X extends readonly any[]> = X extends readonly [infer L, ...infer R] ? [TypeS<L>?, ...TupleS<R>] : any[]
-    type TupleT<X extends readonly any[]> = X extends readonly [infer L, ...infer R] ? [TypeT<L>?, ...TupleT<R>] : any[]
-    type ObjectS<X extends Dict> = { [K in keyof X]?: TypeS<X[K]> | null } & Dict
-    type ObjectT<X extends Dict> = { [K in keyof X]: TypeT<X[K]> } & Dict
-    type Constructor<T = any> = new (...args: any[]) => T
-
-    /** Static constructor and factory methods exposed by the default `Schema` export. */
-    export interface Static {
-      <T = any>(options: Partial<Schema<T>>): Schema<T>
-      new <T = any>(options: Partial<Schema<T>>): Schema<T>
-      prototype: Schema
-      /** Validate a value against a schema node and return `[output, adaptedInput?]`. */
-      resolve: Resolve
-      /** Infer a schema from a primitive value, constructor, or existing schema. */
-      from<X = any>(source?: X): From<X>
-      /** Register a resolver for a custom schema `type`. */
-      extend(type: string, resolve: Resolve): void
-      /** Accept any value without validation. */
-      any<T = any>(): Schema<T>
-      /** Accept only nullable input. */
-      never(): Schema<never>
-      /** Accept exactly one constant value. */
-      const<const T>(value: T): Schema<T>
-      /** Accept strings, with optional metadata constraints added by instance methods. */
-      string(): Schema<string>
-      /** Accept numbers, with optional range and step constraints. */
-      number(): Schema<number>
-      /** Accept non-negative integer numbers. */
-      natural(): Schema<number>
-      /** Accept a number between 0 and 1 and mark it as a slider. */
-      percent(): Schema<number>
-      /** Accept booleans. */
-      boolean(): Schema<boolean>
-      /** Accept `Date` instances or parse datetime strings into `Date` objects. */
-      date(): Schema<string | Date, Date>
-      /** Accept `RegExp` instances or parse strings into regular expressions. */
-      regExp(flag?: string): Schema<string | RegExp, RegExp>
-      /** Accept binary sources and normalize them to `ArrayBufferLike`. */
-      arrayBuffer(): Schema<Binary.Source, ArrayBufferLike>
-      arrayBuffer(encoding: 'hex' | 'base64'): Schema<Binary.Source | string, ArrayBufferLike>
-      /** Accept a numeric bitset or string keys and normalize to a number. */
-      bitset<K extends string>(bits: Partial<Record<K, number>>): Schema<number | readonly K[], number>
-      /** Accept functions. */
-      function(): Schema<Function, (...args: any[]) => any>
-      /** Accept instances of a constructor or objects whose constructor name matches. */
-      is(constructor: string): Schema
-      is<T>(constructor: Constructor<T>): Schema<T>
-      /** Accept arrays whose elements match `inner`. */
-      array<X>(inner: X): Schema<TypeS<X>[], TypeT<X>[]>
-      /** Accept plain objects with values matching `inner` and optional key schema. */
-      dict<X, Y extends Schema<any, string> = Schema<string>>(inner: X, sKey?: Y): Schema<Dict<TypeS<X>, TypeS<Y>>, Dict<TypeT<X>, TypeT<Y>>>
-      /** Accept tuple arrays where each index matches the corresponding schema. */
-      tuple<const X extends readonly any[]>(list: X): Schema<TupleS<X>, TupleT<X>>
-      /** Accept plain objects whose declared properties match the schema dictionary. */
-      object<X extends Dict>(dict: X): Schema<ObjectS<X>, ObjectT<X>>
-      /** Accept values matching at least one schema in `list`. */
-      union<const X>(list: readonly X[]): Schema<TypeS<X>, TypeT<X>>
-      /** Accept values matching every schema in `list`, merging object outputs. */
-      intersect<const X>(list: readonly X[]): Schema<IntersectS<X>, IntersectT<X>>
-      /** Validate with `inner`, then convert the result with `callback`. */
-      transform<X, T>(inner: X, callback: (value: TypeS<X>, options: Schemastery.Options) => T, preserve?: boolean): Schema<TypeS<X>, T>
-      /** Defer construction of a recursive schema until validation or serialization. */
-      lazy<X extends Schema>(callback: () => X): X
-      ValidationError: typeof ValidationError
-    }
-
-    /** Runtime validation options shared by all schema calls. */
-    interface Options {
-      /** Remove invalid object properties instead of throwing when possible. */
-      autofix?: boolean
-      /** Skip validation for selected values and schema nodes. */
-      ignore?(data: any, schema: Schema): boolean
-      /** Path used to format nested validation errors. */
-      path?: (keyof any)[]
-    }
-
-    /** UI and validation metadata attached by schema builder methods. */
-    export interface Meta<T = any> {
-      default?: T extends {} ? Partial<T> : T
-      required?: boolean
-      disabled?: boolean
-      collapse?: boolean
-      badges?: { text: string; type: string }[]
-      hidden?: boolean
-      loose?: boolean
-      /** Runtime-only; skip persist (DSH community packs e.g. OFM channel-pack). */
-      volatile?: boolean
-      role?: string
-      extra?: any
-      link?: string
-      description?: string | Dict<string>
-      comment?: string
-      pattern?: { source: string; flags?: string }
-      max?: number
-      min?: number
-      step?: number
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** Callable schema instance that validates input and returns normalized output. */
-  interface Schemastery<S = any, T = S> {
-    (data?: S | null, options?: Schemastery.Options): T
-    new (data?: S | null, options?: Schemastery.Options): T
-    [kSchema]: true
-    uid: number
-    meta: Schemastery.Meta<T>
-    type: string
-    sKey?: Schema
-    inner?: Schema
-    list?: Schema[]
-    dict?: Dict<Schema>
-    bits?: Dict<number>
-    callback?: Function
-    constructor?: string | Function
-    builder?: Function
-    value?: T
-    refs?: Dict<Schema>
-    preserve?: boolean
-    '~standard': StandardSchemaV1.Props // <S, T>
-    /** Format this schema as a compact TypeScript-like type string. */
-    toString(inline?: boolean): string
-    /** Serialize this schema, preserving shared and recursive references. */
-    toJSON(): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Mark nullable input as invalid unless a default supplies a fallback. */
-    required(value?: boolean): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Hide this schema node from UI renderers. */
-    hidden(value?: boolean): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Mark this node as runtime-only (not persisted). */
-    volatile(value?: boolean): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Return the default value instead of throwing when validation fails. */
-    loose(value?: boolean): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Attach a renderer role and optional role-specific metadata. */
-    role(text: string, extra?: any): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Attach an external documentation link. */
-    link(link: string): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Set the fallback value used for nullable input. */
-    default(value: T): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Attach an auxiliary comment for documentation or form UIs. */
-    comment(text: string): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Attach a localized or plain description for documentation or form UIs. */
-    description(text: string): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Mark this schema node as disabled for form UIs. */
-    disabled(value?: boolean): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Request collapsed rendering for nested form UIs. */
-    collapse(value?: boolean): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Add a deprecated badge to this schema node. */
-    deprecated(): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Add an experimental badge to this schema node. */
-    experimental(): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Require strings to match a regular expression. */
-    pattern(regexp: RegExp): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Set an inclusive maximum for numbers or collection lengths. */
-    max(value: number): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Set an inclusive minimum for numbers or collection lengths. */
-    min(value: number): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Set the numeric increment constraint. */
-    step(value: number): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Add or replace an object property schema. */
-    set(key: string, value: Schema): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Append a tuple, union, or intersection member schema. */
-    push(value: Schema): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Remove values equal to schema defaults from normalized output. */
-    simplify(value?: any): any
-    /** Return a schema clone with descriptions merged from locale messages. */
-    i18n(messages: Dict): Schema<S, T>
-    /** Attach arbitrary metadata consumed by form renderers and downstream tools. */
-    extra<K extends keyof Schemastery.Meta>(key: K, value: Schemastery.Meta[K]): Schema<S, T>
-  }
-}
-
-declare namespace globalThis {
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
-  export let __schemastery_index__: number
-  export let __schemastery_refs__: Record<number, Schema> | undefined
-}
-
-globalThis.__schemastery_index__ ??= 0
-globalThis.__schemastery_refs__ = undefined
-
-class ValidationError extends TypeError {
-  name = 'ValidationError'
-
-  constructor(message: string, public options: Schemastery.Options) {
-    let prefix = '$'
-    for (const segment of options.path || []) {
-      if (typeof segment === 'string') {
-        prefix += '.' + segment
-      } else if (typeof segment === 'number') {
-        prefix += '[' + segment + ']'
-      } else if (typeof segment === 'symbol') {
-        prefix += `[Symbol(${segment.toString()})]`
-      }
-    }
-    if (prefix.startsWith('.')) prefix = prefix.slice(1)
-    super((prefix === '$' ? '' : `${prefix} `) + message)
-  }
-
-  static is(error: any): error is ValidationError {
-    return !!error?.[kValidationError]
-  }
-}
-
-Object.defineProperty(ValidationError.prototype, kValidationError, {
-  value: true,
-})
-
-type Schema<S = any, T = S> = Schemastery<S, T>
-
-const Schema = function (options: Schema) {
-  const schema = function (data: any, options: Schemastery.Options = {}) {
-    return Schema.resolve(data, schema, options)[0]
-  } as Schema
-
-  if (options.refs) {
-    const refs = valueMap(options.refs, options => new Schema(options))
-    const getRef = (uid: any) => refs[uid]!
-    for (const key in refs) {
-      const options = refs[key]!
-      options.sKey = getRef(options.sKey)
-      options.inner = getRef(options.inner)
-      options.list = options.list && options.list.map(getRef)
-      options.dict = options.dict && valueMap(options.dict, getRef)
-    }
-    return refs[options.uid!]
-  }
-
-  Object.assign(schema, options)
-  if (typeof schema.callback === 'string') {
-    try {
-      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func
-      schema.callback = new Function('return ' + schema.callback)()
-    } catch {}
-  }
-  Object.defineProperty(schema, 'uid', { value: globalThis.__schemastery_index__++ })
-  Object.setPrototypeOf(schema, Schema.prototype)
-  schema.meta ||= {}
-  schema.toString = schema.toString.bind(schema)
-  return schema
-} as Schemastery.Static
-
-Schema.prototype = Object.create(Function.prototype)
-
-Schema.prototype[kSchema] = true
-
-Object.defineProperty(Schema.prototype, '~standard', {
-  get(this: Schema) {
-    return {
-      version: 1,
-      vendor: 'schemastery',
-      validate: (value: unknown) => {
-        try {
-          return { value: Schema.resolve(value, this, {})[0] }
-        } catch (error) {
-          if (ValidationError.is(error)) {
-            return { issues: [{ message: error.message, path: error.options.path }] }
-          }
-          throw error
-        }
-      },
-    }
-  },
-})
-
-Schema.ValidationError = ValidationError
-
-Schema.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
-  if (globalThis.__schemastery_refs__) {
-    globalThis.__schemastery_refs__[this.uid] ??= JSON.parse(JSON.stringify({ ...this }))
-    return this.uid as any
-  }
-
-  globalThis.__schemastery_refs__ = { [this.uid]: { ...this } as Schema }
-  globalThis.__schemastery_refs__[this.uid] = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify({ ...this }))
-  const result = { uid: this.uid, refs: globalThis.__schemastery_refs__ }
-  globalThis.__schemastery_refs__ = undefined
-  return result
-}
-
-Schema.prototype.set = function set(key, value) {
-  this.dict![key] = value
-  return this
-}
-
-Schema.prototype.push = function push(value) {
-  this.list!.push(value)
-  return this
-}
-
-function mergeDesc(original: undefined | string | Dict<string>, messages: Dict) {
-  const result: Dict<string> = typeof original === 'string' ? { '': original } : { ...original }
-  for (const locale in messages) {
-    const value = messages[locale]
-    if (value?.$description || value?.$desc) {
-      result[locale] = value.$description || value.$desc
-    } else if (typeof value === 'string') {
-      result[locale] = value
-    }
-  }
-  return result
-}
-
-function getInner(value: any) {
-  return value?.$value ?? value?.$inner
-}
-
-function extractKeys(data: any) {
-  return filterKeys(data ?? {}, key => !key.startsWith('$'))
-}
-
-Schema.prototype.i18n = function i18n(messages) {
-  const schema = Schema(this)
-  const desc = mergeDesc(schema.meta.description, messages)
-  if (Object.keys(desc).length) schema.meta.description = desc
-  if (schema.dict) {
-    schema.dict = valueMap(schema.dict, (inner, key) => {
-      return inner.i18n(valueMap(messages, (data) => getInner(data)?.[key] ?? data?.[key]))
-    })
-  }
-  if (schema.list) {
-    schema.list = schema.list!.map((inner, index) => {
-      return inner.i18n(valueMap(messages, (data = {}) => {
-        if (Array.isArray(getInner(data))) return getInner(data)[index]
-        if (Array.isArray(data)) return data[index]
-        return extractKeys(data)
-      }))
-    })
-  }
-  if (schema.inner) {
-    schema.inner = schema.inner.i18n(valueMap(messages, (data) => {
-      if (getInner(data)) return getInner(data)
-      return extractKeys(data)
-    }))
-  }
-  if (schema.sKey) {
-    schema.sKey = schema.sKey.i18n(valueMap(messages, (data) => data?.$key))
-  }
-  return schema
-}
-
-Schema.prototype.extra = function extra(key, value) {
-  const schema = Schema(this)
-  schema.meta = { ...schema.meta, [key]: value }
-  return schema
-}
-
-for (const key of ['required', 'disabled', 'collapse', 'hidden', 'loose', 'volatile']) {
-  Object.assign(Schema.prototype, {
-    [key](this: Schema, value = true) {
-      const schema = Schema(this)
-      schema.meta = { ...schema.meta, [key]: value }
-      return schema
-    },
-  })
-}
-
-Schema.prototype.deprecated = function deprecated() {
-  const schema = Schema(this)
-  schema.meta.badges ||= []
-  schema.meta.badges.push({ text: 'deprecated', type: 'danger' })
-  return schema
-}
-
-Schema.prototype.experimental = function experimental() {
-  const schema = Schema(this)
-  schema.meta.badges ||= []
-  schema.meta.badges.push({ text: 'experimental', type: 'warning' })
-  return schema
-}
-
-Schema.prototype.pattern = function pattern(regexp) {
-  const schema = Schema(this)
-  const pattern = pick(regexp, ['source', 'flags'])
-  schema.meta = { ...schema.meta, pattern }
-  return schema
-}
-
-Schema.prototype.simplify = function simplify(this: Schema, value) {
-  if (deepEqual(value, this.meta.default, this.type === 'dict')) return null
-  if (isNullable(value)) return value
-  if (this.type === 'object' || this.type === 'dict') {
-    const result: Dict = {}
-    for (const key in value) {
-      const schema = this.type === 'object' ? this.dict![key] : this.inner
-      const item = schema?.simplify(value[key])
-      if (this.type === 'dict' || !isNullable(item)) result[key] = item
-    }
-    if (deepEqual(result, this.meta.default, this.type === 'dict')) return null
-    return result
-  } else if (this.type === 'array' || this.type === 'tuple') {
-    const result: any[] = []
-    ;(value as any[]).forEach((value, index) => {
-      const schema = this.type === 'array' ? this.inner : this.list![index]
-      const item = schema ? schema.simplify(value) : value
-      result.push(item)
-    })
-    return result
-  } else if (this.type === 'intersect') {
-    const result: Dict = {}
-    for (const item of this.list!) {
-      Object.assign(result, item.simplify(value))
-    }
-    return result
-  } else if (this.type === 'union') {
-    for (const schema of this.list!) {
-      try {
-        Schema.resolve(value, schema, {})
-        return schema.simplify(value)
-      } catch {}
-    }
-  }
-  return value
-}
-
-Schema.prototype.toString = function toString(inline?: boolean) {
-  return formatters[this.type]?.(this, inline) ?? `Schema<${this.type}>`
-}
-
-Schema.prototype.role = function role(role, extra) {
-  const schema = Schema(this)
-  schema.meta = { ...schema.meta, role, extra }
-  return schema
-}
-
-for (const key of ['default', 'link', 'comment', 'description', 'max', 'min', 'step']) {
-  Object.assign(Schema.prototype, {
-    [key](this: Schema, value: any) {
-      const schema = Schema(this)
-      schema.meta = { ...schema.meta, [key]: value }
-      return schema
-    },
-  })
-}
-
-const resolvers: Dict<Schemastery.Resolve> = {}
-
-Schema.extend = function extend(type, resolve) {
-  resolvers[type] = resolve
-}
-
-Schema.resolve = function resolve(data, schema, options = {}, strict = false) {
-  if (!schema) return [data]
-  if (options.ignore?.(data, schema)) return [data]
-
-  if (isNullable(data) && schema.type !== 'lazy') {
-    if (schema.meta.required) throw new ValidationError(`missing required value`, options)
-    let current = schema
-    let fallback = schema.meta.default
-    while (current?.type === 'intersect' && isNullable(fallback)) {
-      current = current.list![0]
-      fallback = current?.meta.default
-    }
-    if (isNullable(fallback)) return [data]
-    data = clone(fallback)
-  }
-
-  const callback = resolvers[schema.type]
-  if (!callback) throw new ValidationError(`unsupported type "${schema.type}"`, options)
-
-  try {
-    return callback(data, schema, options, strict)
-  } catch (error) {
-    if (!schema.meta.loose) throw error
-    return [schema.meta.default]
-  }
-}
-
-Schema.from = function from(source: any) {
-  if (isNullable(source)) {
-    return Schema.any()
-  } else if (['string', 'number', 'boolean'].includes(typeof source)) {
-    return Schema.const(source).required()
-  } else if (source[kSchema]) {
-    return source
-  } else if (typeof source === 'function') {
-    switch (source) {
-      case String: return Schema.string().required()
-      case Number: return Schema.number().required()
-      case Boolean: return Schema.boolean().required()
-      case Function: return Schema.function().required()
-      default: return Schema.is(source).required()
-    }
-  } else {
-    throw new TypeError(`cannot infer schema from ${source}`)
-  }
-}
-
-Schema.lazy = function lazy(builder) {
-  const toJSON = () => {
-    if (!schema.inner![kSchema]) {
-      schema.inner = schema.builder!()
-      schema.inner!.meta = { ...schema.meta, ...schema.inner!.meta }
-    }
-    return schema.inner!.toJSON()
-  }
-  const schema = new Schema({ type: 'lazy', builder, inner: { toJSON } as any })
-  return schema as any
-}
-
-Schema.natural = function natural() {
-  return Schema.number().step(1).min(0)
-}
-
-Schema.percent = function percent() {
-  return Schema.number().step(0.01).min(0).max(1).role('slider')
-}
-
-Schema.date = function date() {
-  return Schema.union([
-    Schema.is(Date),
-    Schema.transform(Schema.string().role('datetime'), (value, options) => {
-      const date = new Date(value)
-      if (isNaN(+date)) throw new ValidationError(`invalid date "${value}"`, options)
-      return date
-    }, true),
-  ])
-}
-
-Schema.regExp = function regExp(flag = '') {
-  return Schema.union([
-    Schema.is(RegExp),
-    Schema.transform(Schema.string().role('regexp', { flag }), (value, options) => {
-      try {
-        return new RegExp(value, flag)
-      } catch (e: any) {
-        throw new ValidationError(e.message, options)
-      }
-    }, true),
-  ])
-}
-
-Schema.arrayBuffer = function arrayBuffer(encoding?: 'hex' | 'base64'): any {
-  return Schema.union([
-    Schema.is(ArrayBuffer),
-    Schema.is(SharedArrayBuffer),
-    Schema.transform(Schema.any<ArrayBufferView>(), (value, options) => {
-      if (Binary.isSource(value)) return Binary.fromSource(value)
-      throw new ValidationError(`expected ArrayBufferSource but got ${value}`, options)
-    }, true),
-    ...encoding ? [Schema.transform(Schema.string(), (value, options) => {
-      try {
-        return encoding === 'base64'
-          ? Binary.fromBase64(value)
-          : Binary.fromHex(value)
-      } catch (e: any) {
-        throw new ValidationError(e.message, options)
-      }
-    }, true)] as const : [],
-  ])
-}
-
-Schema.extend('lazy', (data, schema, options, strict) => {
-  if (!schema.inner![kSchema]) {
-    schema.inner = schema.builder!()
-    schema.inner!.meta = { ...schema.meta, ...schema.inner!.meta }
-  }
-  return Schema.resolve(data, schema.inner!, options, strict)
-})
-
-Schema.extend('any', (data) => {
-  return [data]
-})
-
-Schema.extend('never', (data, _, options) => {
-  throw new ValidationError(`expected nullable but got ${data}`, options)
-})
-
-Schema.extend('const', (data, { value }, options) => {
-  if (deepEqual(data, value)) return [value]
-  throw new ValidationError(`expected ${value} but got ${data}`, options)
-})
-
-function checkWithinRange(data: number, meta: Schemastery.Meta<any>, description: string, options: Schemastery.Options, skipMin = false) {
-  const { max = Infinity, min = -Infinity } = meta
-  if (data > max) throw new ValidationError(`expected ${description} <= ${max} but got ${data}`, options)
-  if (data < min && !skipMin) throw new ValidationError(`expected ${description} >= ${min} but got ${data}`, options)
-}
-
-Schema.extend('string', (data, { meta }, options) => {
-  if (typeof data !== 'string') throw new ValidationError(`expected string but got ${data}`, options)
-  if (meta.pattern) {
-    const regexp = new RegExp(meta.pattern.source, meta.pattern.flags)
-    if (!regexp.test(data)) throw new ValidationError(`expect string to match regexp ${regexp}`, options)
-  }
-  checkWithinRange(data.length, meta, 'string length', options)
-  return [data]
-})
-
-function decimalShift(data: number, digits: number) {
-  const str = data.toString()
-  if (str.includes('e')) return data * Math.pow(10, digits)
-  const index = str.indexOf('.')
-  if (index === -1) return data * Math.pow(10, digits)
-  const frac = str.slice(index + 1)
-  const integer = str.slice(0, index)
-  if (frac.length <= digits) return +(integer + frac.padEnd(digits, '0'))
-  return +(integer + frac.slice(0, digits) + '.' + frac.slice(digits))
-}
-
-function isMultipleOf(data: number, min: number, step: number) {
-  step = Math.abs(step)
-  if (!/^\d+\.\d+$/.test(step.toString())) {
-    return (data - min) % step === 0
-  }
-  const index = step.toString().indexOf('.')
-  const digits = step.toString().slice(index + 1).length
-  return Math.abs(decimalShift(data, digits) - decimalShift(min, digits)) % decimalShift(step, digits) === 0
-}
-
-Schema.extend('number', (data, { meta }, options) => {
-  if (typeof data !== 'number') throw new ValidationError(`expected number but got ${data}`, options)
-  checkWithinRange(data, meta, 'number', options)
-  const { step } = meta
-  if (step && !isMultipleOf(data, meta.min ?? 0, step)) {
-    throw new ValidationError(`expected number multiple of ${step} but got ${data}`, options)
-  }
-  return [data]
-})
-
-Schema.extend('boolean', (data, _, options) => {
-  if (typeof data === 'boolean') return [data]
-  throw new ValidationError(`expected boolean but got ${data}`, options)
-})
-
-Schema.extend('bitset', (data, { bits, meta }, options) => {
-  let value = 0, keys: string[] = []
-  if (typeof data === 'number') {
-    value = data
-    for (const key in bits!) {
-      if (data & bits![key]!) {
-        keys.push(key)
-      }
-    }
-  } else if (Array.isArray(data)) {
-    keys = data
-    for (const key of keys) {
-      if (typeof key !== 'string') throw new ValidationError(`expected string but got ${key}`, options)
-      if (key in bits!) value |= bits![key]!
-    }
-  } else {
-    throw new ValidationError(`expected number or array but got ${data}`, options)
-  }
-  if (value === meta.default) return [value]
-  return [value, keys]
-})
-
-Schema.extend('function', (data, _, options) => {
-  if (typeof data === 'function') return [data]
-  throw new ValidationError(`expected function but got ${data}`, options)
-})
-
-Schema.extend('is', (data, { constructor }, options) => {
-  if (typeof constructor === 'function') {
-    if (data instanceof constructor) return [data]
-    throw new ValidationError(`expected ${constructor.name} but got ${data}`, options)
-  } else {
-    if (isNullable(data)) {
-      throw new ValidationError(`expected ${constructor} but got ${data}`, options)
-    }
-    let prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(data)
-    while (prototype) {
-      if (prototype.constructor?.name === constructor) return [data]
-      prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(prototype)
-    }
-    throw new ValidationError(`expected ${constructor} but got ${data}`, options)
-  }
-})
-
-function property(data: any, key: keyof any, schema: Schema, options: Schemastery.Options) {
-  try {
-    const [value, adapted] = Schema.resolve(data[key], schema, {
-      ...options,
-      path: [...options.path || [], key],
-    })
-    if (adapted !== undefined) data[key] = adapted
-    return value
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (!options?.autofix) throw e
-    delete data[key]
-    return schema.meta.default
-  }
-}
-
-Schema.extend('array', (data, { inner, meta }, options) => {
-  if (!Array.isArray(data)) throw new ValidationError(`expected array but got ${data}`, options)
-  checkWithinRange(data.length, meta, 'array length', options, !isNullable(inner!.meta.default))
-  return [data.map((_, index) => property(data, index, inner!, options))]
-})
-
-Schema.extend('dict', (data, { inner, sKey }, options, strict) => {
-  if (!isPlainObject(data)) throw new ValidationError(`expected object but got ${data}`, options)
-  const result: any = {}
-  for (const key in data) {
-    let rKey: string
-    try {
-      rKey = Schema.resolve(key, sKey!, options)[0]
-    } catch (error) {
-      if (strict) continue
-      throw error
-    }
-    result[rKey] = property(data, key, inner!, options)
-    data[rKey] = data[key]
-    if (key !== rKey) delete data[key]
-  }
-  return [result]
-})
-
-Schema.extend('tuple', (data, { list }, options, strict) => {
-  if (!Array.isArray(data)) throw new ValidationError(`expected array but got ${data}`, options)
-  const result = list!.map((inner, index) => property(data, index, inner, options))
-  if (strict) return [result]
-  result.push(...data.slice(list!.length))
-  return [result]
-})
-
-function merge(result: any, data: any) {
-  for (const key in data) {
-    if (key in result) continue
-    result[key] = data[key]
-  }
-}
-
-Schema.extend('object', (data, { dict }, options, strict) => {
-  if (!isPlainObject(data)) throw new ValidationError(`expected object but got ${data}`, options)
-  const result: any = {}
-  for (const key in dict) {
-    const value = property(data, key, dict![key]!, options)
-    if (!isNullable(value) || key in data) {
-      result[key] = value
-    }
-  }
-  if (!strict) merge(result, data)
-  return [result]
-})
-
-Schema.extend('union', (data, { list, toString }, options, strict) => {
-  const messages: any[] = []
-  for (const inner of list!) {
-    try {
-      return Schema.resolve(data, inner, options, strict)
-    } catch (error) {
-      messages.push(error)
-    }
-  }
-  throw new ValidationError(`expected ${toString()} but got ${JSON.stringify(data)}`, options)
-})
-
-Schema.extend('intersect', (data, { list, toString }, options, strict) => {
-  if (!list!.length) return [data]
-  let result
-  for (const inner of list!) {
-    const value: any = Schema.resolve(data, inner, options, true)[0]
-    if (isNullable(value)) continue
-    if (isNullable(result)) {
-      result = value
-    } else if (typeof result !== typeof value) {
-      throw new ValidationError(`expected ${toString()} but got ${JSON.stringify(data)}`, options)
-    } else if (typeof value === 'object') {
-      merge(result ??= {}, value)
-    } else if (result !== value) {
-      throw new ValidationError(`expected ${toString()} but got ${JSON.stringify(data)}`, options)
-    }
-  }
-  if (!strict && isPlainObject(data)) merge(result, data)
-  return [result]
-})
-
-Schema.extend('transform', (data, { inner, callback, preserve }, options) => {
-  const [result, adapted = data] = Schema.resolve(data, inner!, options, true)
-  if (preserve) {
-    return [callback!(result)]
-  // } else if (isPlainObject(data)) {
-  //   const temp: any = {}
-  //   for (const key in result) {
-  //     if (!(key in data)) continue
-  //     temp[key] = data[key]
-  //     delete data[key]
-  //   }
-  //   Object.assign(data, callback!(temp))
-  //   return [callback!(result)]
-  } else {
-    return [callback!(result), callback!(adapted)]
-  }
-})
-
-type Formatter = (schema: Schema, inline?: boolean) => string
-const formatters: Dict<Formatter> = {}
-
-function defineMethod(name: string, keys: (keyof Schema)[], format: Formatter) {
-  formatters[name] = format
-  Object.assign(Schema, {
-    [name](...args: any[]) {
-      const schema = new Schema({ type: name } as Schema)
-      keys.forEach((key, index) => {
-        switch (key) {
-          case 'sKey': schema.sKey = args[index] ?? Schema.string(); break
-          case 'inner': schema.inner = Schema.from(args[index]); break
-          case 'list': schema.list = args[index].map(Schema.from); break
-          case 'dict': schema.dict = valueMap(args[index], Schema.from); break
-          case 'bits': {
-            schema.bits = {}
-            for (const key in args[index]) {
-              if (typeof args[index][key] !== 'number') continue
-              schema.bits[key] = args[index][key]
-            }
-            break
-          }
-          case 'callback': {
-            const callback = schema.callback = args[index]
-            ;callback['toJSON'] ||= () => callback.toString()
-            break
-          }
-          case 'constructor': {
-            const constructor = schema.constructor = args[index]
-            if (typeof constructor === 'function') {
-              ;constructor['toJSON'] ||= () => constructor['name']
-            }
-            break
-          }
-          default: schema[key] = args[index] as never
-        }
-      })
-      if (name === 'object' || name === 'dict') {
-        schema.meta.default = {}
-      } else if (name === 'array' || name === 'tuple') {
-        schema.meta.default = []
-      } else if (name === 'bitset') {
-        schema.meta.default = 0
-      }
-      return schema
-    },
-  })
-}
-
-defineMethod('is', ['constructor'], ({ constructor }) => {
-  if (typeof constructor === 'function') {
-    return constructor.name
-  } else {
-    return constructor!
-  }
-})
-
-defineMethod('any', [], () => 'any')
-defineMethod('never', [], () => 'never')
-defineMethod('const', ['value'], ({ value }) => typeof value === 'string' ? JSON.stringify(value) : value)
-defineMethod('string', [], () => 'string')
-defineMethod('number', [], () => 'number')
-defineMethod('boolean', [], () => 'boolean')
-defineMethod('bitset', ['bits'], () => 'bitset')
-defineMethod('function', [], () => 'function')
-defineMethod('array', ['inner'], ({ inner }) => `${inner!.toString(true)}[]`)
-defineMethod('dict', ['inner', 'sKey'], ({ inner, sKey }) => `{ [key: ${sKey!.toString()}]: ${inner!.toString()} }`)
-defineMethod('tuple', ['list'], ({ list }) => `[${list!.map((inner) => inner.toString()).join(', ')}]`)
-
-defineMethod('object', ['dict'], ({ dict }) => {
-  if (Object.keys(dict!).length === 0) return '{}'
-  return `{ ${Object.entries(dict!).map(([key, inner]) => {
-    return `${key}${inner!.meta.required ? '' : '?'}: ${inner!.toString()}`
-  }).join(', ')} }`
-})
-
-defineMethod('union', ['list'], ({ list }, inline) => {
-  const result = list!.map(({ toString: format }) => format()).join(' | ')
-  return inline ? `(${result})` : result
-})
-
-defineMethod('intersect', ['list'], ({ list }) => {
-  return `${list!.map((inner) => inner.toString(true)).join(' & ')}`
-})
-
-defineMethod('transform', ['inner', 'callback', 'preserve'], ({ inner }, isInner) => inner!.toString(isInner))
-
-export default Schema
+import { Binary, clone, deepEqual, filterKeys, isNullable, isPlainObject, pick, valueMap, type Dict } from '@xrkseek/cosmokit'
+import type { StandardSchemaV1 } from '@standard-schema/spec'
+
+const kSchema = Symbol.for('schemastery')
+const kValidationError = Symbol.for('ValidationError')
+
+declare global {
+  namespace Schemastery {
+    /** Convert primitive constructors, constants, and existing schemas into a schema type. */
+    export type From<X> =
+      | X extends string | number | boolean ? Schema<X>
+      : X extends Schema ? X
+      : X extends typeof String ? Schema<string>
+      : X extends typeof Number ? Schema<number>
+      : X extends typeof Boolean ? Schema<boolean>
+      : X extends typeof Function ? Schema<Function, (...args: any[]) => any>
+      : X extends Constructor<infer S> ? Schema<S>
+      : never
+
+    type TypeS1<X> = X extends Schema<infer S, unknown> ? S : never
+    type Inverse<X> = X extends Schema<any, infer Y> ? (arg: Y) => void : never
+
+    /** Input type accepted by a schema-like value. */
+    export type TypeS<X> = TypeS1<From<X>>
+    /** Output type returned by a schema-like value after validation. */
+    export type TypeT<X> = ReturnType<From<X>>
+    /** Resolver callback used by custom schema types registered with `Schema.extend()`. */
+    export type Resolve = (data: any, schema: Schema, options: Options, strict?: boolean) => [any, any?]
+
+    /** Input type accepted by one schema in an intersection. */
+    export type IntersectS<X> = From<X> extends Schema<infer S, unknown> ? S : never
+    /** Output type returned by one schema in an intersection. */
+    export type IntersectT<X> = Inverse<From<X>> extends ((arg: infer T) => void) ? T : never
+
+    type TupleS<X extends readonly any[]> = X extends readonly [infer L, ...infer R] ? [TypeS<L>?, ...TupleS<R>] : any[]
+    type TupleT<X extends readonly any[]> = X extends readonly [infer L, ...infer R] ? [TypeT<L>?, ...TupleT<R>] : any[]
+    type ObjectS<X extends Dict> = { [K in keyof X]?: TypeS<X[K]> | null } & Dict
+    type ObjectT<X extends Dict> = { [K in keyof X]: TypeT<X[K]> } & Dict
+    type Constructor<T = any> = new (...args: any[]) => T
+
+    /** Static constructor and factory methods exposed by the default `Schema` export. */
+    export interface Static {
+      <T = any>(options: Partial<Schema<T>>): Schema<T>
+      new <T = any>(options: Partial<Schema<T>>): Schema<T>
+      prototype: Schema
+      /** Validate a value against a schema node and return `[output, adaptedInput?]`. */
+      resolve: Resolve
+      /** Infer a schema from a primitive value, constructor, or existing schema. */
+      from<X = any>(source?: X): From<X>
+      /** Register a resolver for a custom schema `type`. */
+      extend(type: string, resolve: Resolve): void
+      /** Accept any value without validation. */
+      any<T = any>(): Schema<T>
+      /** Accept only nullable input. */
+      never(): Schema<never>
+      /** Accept exactly one constant value. */
+      const<const T>(value: T): Schema<T>
+      /** Accept strings, with optional metadata constraints added by instance methods. */
+      string(): Schema<string>
+      /** Accept numbers, with optional range and step constraints. */
+      number(): Schema<number>
+      /** Accept non-negative integer numbers. */
+      natural(): Schema<number>
+      /** Accept a number between 0 and 1 and mark it as a slider. */
+      percent(): Schema<number>
+      /** Accept booleans. */
+      boolean(): Schema<boolean>
+      /** Accept `Date` instances or parse datetime strings into `Date` objects. */
+      date(): Schema<string | Date, Date>
+      /** Accept `RegExp` instances or parse strings into regular expressions. */
+      regExp(flag?: string): Schema<string | RegExp, RegExp>
+      /** Accept binary sources and normalize them to `ArrayBufferLike`. */
+      arrayBuffer(): Schema<Binary.Source, ArrayBufferLike>
+      arrayBuffer(encoding: 'hex' | 'base64'): Schema<Binary.Source | string, ArrayBufferLike>
+      /** Accept a numeric bitset or string keys and normalize to a number. */
+      bitset<K extends string>(bits: Partial<Record<K, number>>): Schema<number | readonly K[], number>
+      /** Accept functions. */
+      function(): Schema<Function, (...args: any[]) => any>
+      /** Accept instances of a constructor or objects whose constructor name matches. */
+      is(constructor: string): Schema
+      is<T>(constructor: Constructor<T>): Schema<T>
+      /** Accept arrays whose elements match `inner`. */
+      array<X>(inner: X): Schema<TypeS<X>[], TypeT<X>[]>
+      /** Accept plain objects with values matching `inner` and optional key schema. */
+      dict<X, Y extends Schema<any, string> = Schema<string>>(inner: X, sKey?: Y): Schema<Dict<TypeS<X>, TypeS<Y>>, Dict<TypeT<X>, TypeT<Y>>>
+      /** Accept tuple arrays where each index matches the corresponding schema. */
+      tuple<const X extends readonly any[]>(list: X): Schema<TupleS<X>, TupleT<X>>
+      /** Accept plain objects whose declared properties match the schema dictionary. */
+      object<X extends Dict>(dict: X): Schema<ObjectS<X>, ObjectT<X>>
+      /** Accept values matching at least one schema in `list`. */
+      union<const X>(list: readonly X[]): Schema<TypeS<X>, TypeT<X>>
+      /** Accept values matching every schema in `list`, merging object outputs. */
+      intersect<const X>(list: readonly X[]): Schema<IntersectS<X>, IntersectT<X>>
+      /** Validate with `inner`, then convert the result with `callback`. */
+      transform<X, T>(inner: X, callback: (value: TypeS<X>, options: Schemastery.Options) => T, preserve?: boolean): Schema<TypeS<X>, T>
+      /** Defer construction of a recursive schema until validation or serialization. */
+      lazy<X extends Schema>(callback: () => X): X
+      ValidationError: typeof ValidationError
+    }
+
+    /** Runtime validation options shared by all schema calls. */
+    interface Options {
+      /** Remove invalid object properties instead of throwing when possible. */
+      autofix?: boolean
+      /** Skip validation for selected values and schema nodes. */
+      ignore?(data: any, schema: Schema): boolean
+      /** Path used to format nested validation errors. */
+      path?: (keyof any)[]
+    }
+
+    /** UI and validation metadata attached by schema builder methods. */
+    export interface Meta<T = any> {
+      default?: T extends {} ? Partial<T> : T
+      required?: boolean
+      disabled?: boolean
+      collapse?: boolean
+      badges?: { text: string; type: string }[]
+      hidden?: boolean
+      loose?: boolean
+      /** Runtime-only; skip persist (DSH community packs e.g. OFM channel-pack). */
+      volatile?: boolean
+      role?: string
+      extra?: any
+      link?: string
+      description?: string | Dict<string>
+      comment?: string
+      pattern?: { source: string; flags?: string }
+      max?: number
+      min?: number
+      step?: number
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Callable schema instance that validates input and returns normalized output. */
+  interface Schemastery<S = any, T = S> {
+    (data?: S | null, options?: Schemastery.Options): T
+    new (data?: S | null, options?: Schemastery.Options): T
+    [kSchema]: true
+    uid: number
+    meta: Schemastery.Meta<T>
+    type: string
+    sKey?: Schema
+    inner?: Schema
+    list?: Schema[]
+    dict?: Dict<Schema>
+    bits?: Dict<number>
+    callback?: Function
+    constructor?: string | Function
+    builder?: Function
+    value?: T
+    refs?: Dict<Schema>
+    preserve?: boolean
+    '~standard': StandardSchemaV1.Props // <S, T>
+    /** Format this schema as a compact TypeScript-like type string. */
+    toString(inline?: boolean): string
+    /** Serialize this schema, preserving shared and recursive references. */
+    toJSON(): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Mark nullable input as invalid unless a default supplies a fallback. */
+    required(value?: boolean): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Hide this schema node from UI renderers. */
+    hidden(value?: boolean): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Mark this node as runtime-only (not persisted). */
+    volatile(value?: boolean): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Return the default value instead of throwing when validation fails. */
+    loose(value?: boolean): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Attach a renderer role and optional role-specific metadata. */
+    role(text: string, extra?: any): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Attach an external documentation link. */
+    link(link: string): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Set the fallback value used for nullable input. */
+    default(value: T): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Attach an auxiliary comment for documentation or form UIs. */
+    comment(text: string): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Attach a localized or plain description for documentation or form UIs. */
+    description(text: string): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Mark this schema node as disabled for form UIs. */
+    disabled(value?: boolean): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Request collapsed rendering for nested form UIs. */
+    collapse(value?: boolean): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Add a deprecated badge to this schema node. */
+    deprecated(): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Add an experimental badge to this schema node. */
+    experimental(): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Require strings to match a regular expression. */
+    pattern(regexp: RegExp): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Set an inclusive maximum for numbers or collection lengths. */
+    max(value: number): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Set an inclusive minimum for numbers or collection lengths. */
+    min(value: number): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Set the numeric increment constraint. */
+    step(value: number): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Add or replace an object property schema. */
+    set(key: string, value: Schema): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Append a tuple, union, or intersection member schema. */
+    push(value: Schema): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Remove values equal to schema defaults from normalized output. */
+    simplify(value?: any): any
+    /** Return a schema clone with descriptions merged from locale messages. */
+    i18n(messages: Dict): Schema<S, T>
+    /** Attach arbitrary metadata consumed by form renderers and downstream tools. */
+    extra<K extends keyof Schemastery.Meta>(key: K, value: Schemastery.Meta[K]): Schema<S, T>
+  }
+}
+
+declare namespace globalThis {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
+  export let __schemastery_index__: number
+  export let __schemastery_refs__: Record<number, Schema> | undefined
+}
+
+globalThis.__schemastery_index__ ??= 0
+globalThis.__schemastery_refs__ = undefined
+
+class ValidationError extends TypeError {
+  name = 'ValidationError'
+
+  constructor(message: string, public options: Schemastery.Options) {
+    let prefix = '$'
+    for (const segment of options.path || []) {
+      if (typeof segment === 'string') {
+        prefix += '.' + segment
+      } else if (typeof segment === 'number') {
+        prefix += '[' + segment + ']'
+      } else if (typeof segment === 'symbol') {
+        prefix += `[Symbol(${segment.toString()})]`
+      }
+    }
+    if (prefix.startsWith('.')) prefix = prefix.slice(1)
+    super((prefix === '$' ? '' : `${prefix} `) + message)
+  }
+
+  static is(error: any): error is ValidationError {
+    return !!error?.[kValidationError]
+  }
+}
+
+Object.defineProperty(ValidationError.prototype, kValidationError, {
+  value: true,
+})
+
+type Schema<S = any, T = S> = Schemastery<S, T>
+
+const Schema = function (options: Schema) {
+  const schema = function (data: any, options: Schemastery.Options = {}) {
+    return Schema.resolve(data, schema, options)[0]
+  } as Schema
+
+  if (options.refs) {
+    const refs = valueMap(options.refs, options => new Schema(options))
+    const getRef = (uid: any) => refs[uid]!
+    for (const key in refs) {
+      const options = refs[key]!
+      options.sKey = getRef(options.sKey)
+      options.inner = getRef(options.inner)
+      options.list = options.list && options.list.map(getRef)
+      options.dict = options.dict && valueMap(options.dict, getRef)
+    }
+    return refs[options.uid!]
+  }
+
+  Object.assign(schema, options)
+  if (typeof schema.callback === 'string') {
+    try {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func
+      schema.callback = new Function('return ' + schema.callback)()
+    } catch {}
+  }
+  Object.defineProperty(schema, 'uid', { value: globalThis.__schemastery_index__++ })
+  Object.setPrototypeOf(schema, Schema.prototype)
+  schema.meta ||= {}
+  schema.toString = schema.toString.bind(schema)
+  return schema
+} as Schemastery.Static
+
+Schema.prototype = Object.create(Function.prototype)
+
+Schema.prototype[kSchema] = true
+
+Object.defineProperty(Schema.prototype, '~standard', {
+  get(this: Schema) {
+    return {
+      version: 1,
+      vendor: 'schemastery',
+      validate: (value: unknown) => {
+        try {
+          return { value: Schema.resolve(value, this, {})[0] }
+        } catch (error) {
+          if (ValidationError.is(error)) {
+            return { issues: [{ message: error.message, path: error.options.path }] }
+          }
+          throw error
+        }
+      },
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+Schema.ValidationError = ValidationError
+
+Schema.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
+  if (globalThis.__schemastery_refs__) {
+    globalThis.__schemastery_refs__[this.uid] ??= JSON.parse(JSON.stringify({ ...this }))
+    return this.uid as any
+  }
+
+  globalThis.__schemastery_refs__ = { [this.uid]: { ...this } as Schema }
+  globalThis.__schemastery_refs__[this.uid] = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify({ ...this }))
+  const result = { uid: this.uid, refs: globalThis.__schemastery_refs__ }
+  globalThis.__schemastery_refs__ = undefined
+  return result
+}
+
+Schema.prototype.set = function set(key, value) {
+  this.dict![key] = value
+  return this
+}
+
+Schema.prototype.push = function push(value) {
+  this.list!.push(value)
+  return this
+}
+
+function mergeDesc(original: undefined | string | Dict<string>, messages: Dict) {
+  const result: Dict<string> = typeof original === 'string' ? { '': original } : { ...original }
+  for (const locale in messages) {
+    const value = messages[locale]
+    if (value?.$description || value?.$desc) {
+      result[locale] = value.$description || value.$desc
+    } else if (typeof value === 'string') {
+      result[locale] = value
+    }
+  }
+  return result
+}
+
+function getInner(value: any) {
+  return value?.$value ?? value?.$inner
+}
+
+function extractKeys(data: any) {
+  return filterKeys(data ?? {}, key => !key.startsWith('$'))
+}
+
+Schema.prototype.i18n = function i18n(messages) {
+  const schema = Schema(this)
+  const desc = mergeDesc(schema.meta.description, messages)
+  if (Object.keys(desc).length) schema.meta.description = desc
+  if (schema.dict) {
+    schema.dict = valueMap(schema.dict, (inner, key) => {
+      return inner.i18n(valueMap(messages, (data) => getInner(data)?.[key] ?? data?.[key]))
+    })
+  }
+  if (schema.list) {
+    schema.list = schema.list!.map((inner, index) => {
+      return inner.i18n(valueMap(messages, (data = {}) => {
+        if (Array.isArray(getInner(data))) return getInner(data)[index]
+        if (Array.isArray(data)) return data[index]
+        return extractKeys(data)
+      }))
+    })
+  }
+  if (schema.inner) {
+    schema.inner = schema.inner.i18n(valueMap(messages, (data) => {
+      if (getInner(data)) return getInner(data)
+      return extractKeys(data)
+    }))
+  }
+  if (schema.sKey) {
+    schema.sKey = schema.sKey.i18n(valueMap(messages, (data) => data?.$key))
+  }
+  return schema
+}
+
+Schema.prototype.extra = function extra(key, value) {
+  const schema = Schema(this)
+  schema.meta = { ...schema.meta, [key]: value }
+  return schema
+}
+
+for (const key of ['required', 'disabled', 'collapse', 'hidden', 'loose', 'volatile']) {
+  Object.assign(Schema.prototype, {
+    [key](this: Schema, value = true) {
+      const schema = Schema(this)
+      schema.meta = { ...schema.meta, [key]: value }
+      return schema
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+Schema.prototype.deprecated = function deprecated() {
+  const schema = Schema(this)
+  schema.meta.badges ||= []
+  schema.meta.badges.push({ text: 'deprecated', type: 'danger' })
+  return schema
+}
+
+Schema.prototype.experimental = function experimental() {
+  const schema = Schema(this)
+  schema.meta.badges ||= []
+  schema.meta.badges.push({ text: 'experimental', type: 'warning' })
+  return schema
+}
+
+Schema.prototype.pattern = function pattern(regexp) {
+  const schema = Schema(this)
+  const pattern = pick(regexp, ['source', 'flags'])
+  schema.meta = { ...schema.meta, pattern }
+  return schema
+}
+
+Schema.prototype.simplify = function simplify(this: Schema, value) {
+  if (deepEqual(value, this.meta.default, this.type === 'dict')) return null
+  if (isNullable(value)) return value
+  if (this.type === 'object' || this.type === 'dict') {
+    const result: Dict = {}
+    for (const key in value) {
+      const schema = this.type === 'object' ? this.dict![key] : this.inner
+      const item = schema?.simplify(value[key])
+      if (this.type === 'dict' || !isNullable(item)) result[key] = item
+    }
+    if (deepEqual(result, this.meta.default, this.type === 'dict')) return null
+    return result
+  } else if (this.type === 'array' || this.type === 'tuple') {
+    const result: any[] = []
+    ;(value as any[]).forEach((value, index) => {
+      const schema = this.type === 'array' ? this.inner : this.list![index]
+      const item = schema ? schema.simplify(value) : value
+      result.push(item)
+    })
+    return result
+  } else if (this.type === 'intersect') {
+    const result: Dict = {}
+    for (const item of this.list!) {
+      Object.assign(result, item.simplify(value))
+    }
+    return result
+  } else if (this.type === 'union') {
+    for (const schema of this.list!) {
+      try {
+        Schema.resolve(value, schema, {})
+        return schema.simplify(value)
+      } catch {}
+    }
+  }
+  return value
+}
+
+Schema.prototype.toString = function toString(inline?: boolean) {
+  return formatters[this.type]?.(this, inline) ?? `Schema<${this.type}>`
+}
+
+Schema.prototype.role = function role(role, extra) {
+  const schema = Schema(this)
+  schema.meta = { ...schema.meta, role, extra }
+  return schema
+}
+
+for (const key of ['default', 'link', 'comment', 'description', 'max', 'min', 'step']) {
+  Object.assign(Schema.prototype, {
+    [key](this: Schema, value: any) {
+      const schema = Schema(this)
+      schema.meta = { ...schema.meta, [key]: value }
+      return schema
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+const resolvers: Dict<Schemastery.Resolve> = {}
+
+Schema.extend = function extend(type, resolve) {
+  resolvers[type] = resolve
+}
+
+Schema.resolve = function resolve(data, schema, options = {}, strict = false) {
+  if (!schema) return [data]
+  if (options.ignore?.(data, schema)) return [data]
+
+  if (isNullable(data) && schema.type !== 'lazy') {
+    if (schema.meta.required) throw new ValidationError(`missing required value`, options)
+    let current = schema
+    let fallback = schema.meta.default
+    while (current?.type === 'intersect' && isNullable(fallback)) {
+      current = current.list![0]
+      fallback = current?.meta.default
+    }
+    if (isNullable(fallback)) return [data]
+    data = clone(fallback)
+  }
+
+  const callback = resolvers[schema.type]
+  if (!callback) throw new ValidationError(`unsupported type "${schema.type}"`, options)
+
+  try {
+    return callback(data, schema, options, strict)
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (!schema.meta.loose) throw error
+    return [schema.meta.default]
+  }
+}
+
+Schema.from = function from(source: any) {
+  if (isNullable(source)) {
+    return Schema.any()
+  } else if (['string', 'number', 'boolean'].includes(typeof source)) {
+    return Schema.const(source).required()
+  } else if (source[kSchema]) {
+    return source
+  } else if (typeof source === 'function') {
+    switch (source) {
+      case String: return Schema.string().required()
+      case Number: return Schema.number().required()
+      case Boolean: return Schema.boolean().required()
+      case Function: return Schema.function().required()
+      default: return Schema.is(source).required()
+    }
+  } else {
+    throw new TypeError(`cannot infer schema from ${source}`)
+  }
+}
+
+Schema.lazy = function lazy(builder) {
+  const toJSON = () => {
+    if (!schema.inner![kSchema]) {
+      schema.inner = schema.builder!()
+      schema.inner!.meta = { ...schema.meta, ...schema.inner!.meta }
+    }
+    return schema.inner!.toJSON()
+  }
+  const schema = new Schema({ type: 'lazy', builder, inner: { toJSON } as any })
+  return schema as any
+}
+
+Schema.natural = function natural() {
+  return Schema.number().step(1).min(0)
+}
+
+Schema.percent = function percent() {
+  return Schema.number().step(0.01).min(0).max(1).role('slider')
+}
+
+Schema.date = function date() {
+  return Schema.union([
+    Schema.is(Date),
+    Schema.transform(Schema.string().role('datetime'), (value, options) => {
+      const date = new Date(value)
+      if (isNaN(+date)) throw new ValidationError(`invalid date "${value}"`, options)
+      return date
+    }, true),
+  ])
+}
+
+Schema.regExp = function regExp(flag = '') {
+  return Schema.union([
+    Schema.is(RegExp),
+    Schema.transform(Schema.string().role('regexp', { flag }), (value, options) => {
+      try {
+        return new RegExp(value, flag)
+      } catch (e: any) {
+        throw new ValidationError(e.message, options)
+      }
+    }, true),
+  ])
+}
+
+Schema.arrayBuffer = function arrayBuffer(encoding?: 'hex' | 'base64'): any {
+  return Schema.union([
+    Schema.is(ArrayBuffer),
+    Schema.is(SharedArrayBuffer),
+    Schema.transform(Schema.any<ArrayBufferView>(), (value, options) => {
+      if (Binary.isSource(value)) return Binary.fromSource(value)
+      throw new ValidationError(`expected ArrayBufferSource but got ${value}`, options)
+    }, true),
+    ...encoding ? [Schema.transform(Schema.string(), (value, options) => {
+      try {
+        return encoding === 'base64'
+          ? Binary.fromBase64(value)
+          : Binary.fromHex(value)
+      } catch (e: any) {
+        throw new ValidationError(e.message, options)
+      }
+    }, true)] as const : [],
+  ])
+}
+
+Schema.extend('lazy', (data, schema, options, strict) => {
+  if (!schema.inner![kSchema]) {
+    schema.inner = schema.builder!()
+    schema.inner!.meta = { ...schema.meta, ...schema.inner!.meta }
+  }
+  return Schema.resolve(data, schema.inner!, options, strict)
+})
+
+Schema.extend('any', (data) => {
+  return [data]
+})
+
+Schema.extend('never', (data, _, options) => {
+  throw new ValidationError(`expected nullable but got ${data}`, options)
+})
+
+Schema.extend('const', (data, { value }, options) => {
+  if (deepEqual(data, value)) return [value]
+  throw new ValidationError(`expected ${value} but got ${data}`, options)
+})
+
+function checkWithinRange(data: number, meta: Schemastery.Meta<any>, description: string, options: Schemastery.Options, skipMin = false) {
+  const { max = Infinity, min = -Infinity } = meta
+  if (data > max) throw new ValidationError(`expected ${description} <= ${max} but got ${data}`, options)
+  if (data < min && !skipMin) throw new ValidationError(`expected ${description} >= ${min} but got ${data}`, options)
+}
+
+Schema.extend('string', (data, { meta }, options) => {
+  if (typeof data !== 'string') throw new ValidationError(`expected string but got ${data}`, options)
+  if (meta.pattern) {
+    const regexp = new RegExp(meta.pattern.source, meta.pattern.flags)
+    if (!regexp.test(data)) throw new ValidationError(`expect string to match regexp ${regexp}`, options)
+  }
+  checkWithinRange(data.length, meta, 'string length', options)
+  return [data]
+})
+
+function decimalShift(data: number, digits: number) {
+  const str = data.toString()
+  if (str.includes('e')) return data * Math.pow(10, digits)
+  const index = str.indexOf('.')
+  if (index === -1) return data * Math.pow(10, digits)
+  const frac = str.slice(index + 1)
+  const integer = str.slice(0, index)
+  if (frac.length <= digits) return +(integer + frac.padEnd(digits, '0'))
+  return +(integer + frac.slice(0, digits) + '.' + frac.slice(digits))
+}
+
+function isMultipleOf(data: number, min: number, step: number) {
+  step = Math.abs(step)
+  if (!/^\d+\.\d+$/.test(step.toString())) {
+    return (data - min) % step === 0
+  }
+  const index = step.toString().indexOf('.')
+  const digits = step.toString().slice(index + 1).length
+  return Math.abs(decimalShift(data, digits) - decimalShift(min, digits)) % decimalShift(step, digits) === 0
+}
+
+Schema.extend('number', (data, { meta }, options) => {
+  if (typeof data !== 'number') throw new ValidationError(`expected number but got ${data}`, options)
+  checkWithinRange(data, meta, 'number', options)
+  const { step } = meta
+  if (step && !isMultipleOf(data, meta.min ?? 0, step)) {
+    throw new ValidationError(`expected number multiple of ${step} but got ${data}`, options)
+  }
+  return [data]
+})
+
+Schema.extend('boolean', (data, _, options) => {
+  if (typeof data === 'boolean') return [data]
+  throw new ValidationError(`expected boolean but got ${data}`, options)
+})
+
+Schema.extend('bitset', (data, { bits, meta }, options) => {
+  let value = 0, keys: string[] = []
+  if (typeof data === 'number') {
+    value = data
+    for (const key in bits!) {
+      if (data & bits![key]!) {
+        keys.push(key)
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (Array.isArray(data)) {
+    keys = data
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      if (typeof key !== 'string') throw new ValidationError(`expected string but got ${key}`, options)
+      if (key in bits!) value |= bits![key]!
+    }
+  } else {
+    throw new ValidationError(`expected number or array but got ${data}`, options)
+  }
+  if (value === meta.default) return [value]
+  return [value, keys]
+})
+
+Schema.extend('function', (data, _, options) => {
+  if (typeof data === 'function') return [data]
+  throw new ValidationError(`expected function but got ${data}`, options)
+})
+
+Schema.extend('is', (data, { constructor }, options) => {
+  if (typeof constructor === 'function') {
+    if (data instanceof constructor) return [data]
+    throw new ValidationError(`expected ${constructor.name} but got ${data}`, options)
+  } else {
+    if (isNullable(data)) {
+      throw new ValidationError(`expected ${constructor} but got ${data}`, options)
+    }
+    let prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(data)
+    while (prototype) {
+      if (prototype.constructor?.name === constructor) return [data]
+      prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(prototype)
+    }
+    throw new ValidationError(`expected ${constructor} but got ${data}`, options)
+  }
+})
+
+function property(data: any, key: keyof any, schema: Schema, options: Schemastery.Options) {
+  try {
+    const [value, adapted] = Schema.resolve(data[key], schema, {
+      ...options,
+      path: [...options.path || [], key],
+    })
+    if (adapted !== undefined) data[key] = adapted
+    return value
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (!options?.autofix) throw e
+    delete data[key]
+    return schema.meta.default
+  }
+}
+
+Schema.extend('array', (data, { inner, meta }, options) => {
+  if (!Array.isArray(data)) throw new ValidationError(`expected array but got ${data}`, options)
+  checkWithinRange(data.length, meta, 'array length', options, !isNullable(inner!.meta.default))
+  return [data.map((_, index) => property(data, index, inner!, options))]
+})
+
+Schema.extend('dict', (data, { inner, sKey }, options, strict) => {
+  if (!isPlainObject(data)) throw new ValidationError(`expected object but got ${data}`, options)
+  const result: any = {}
+  for (const key in data) {
+    let rKey: string
+    try {
+      rKey = Schema.resolve(key, sKey!, options)[0]
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (strict) continue
+      throw error
+    }
+    result[rKey] = property(data, key, inner!, options)
+    data[rKey] = data[key]
+    if (key !== rKey) delete data[key]
+  }
+  return [result]
+})
+
+Schema.extend('tuple', (data, { list }, options, strict) => {
+  if (!Array.isArray(data)) throw new ValidationError(`expected array but got ${data}`, options)
+  const result = list!.map((inner, index) => property(data, index, inner, options))
+  if (strict) return [result]
+  result.push(...data.slice(list!.length))
+  return [result]
+})
+
+function merge(result: any, data: any) {
+  for (const key in data) {
+    if (key in result) continue
+    result[key] = data[key]
+  }
+}
+
+Schema.extend('object', (data, { dict }, options, strict) => {
+  if (!isPlainObject(data)) throw new ValidationError(`expected object but got ${data}`, options)
+  const result: any = {}
+  for (const key in dict) {
+    const value = property(data, key, dict![key]!, options)
+    if (!isNullable(value) || key in data) {
+      result[key] = value
+    }
+  }
+  if (!strict) merge(result, data)
+  return [result]
+})
+
+Schema.extend('union', (data, { list, toString }, options, strict) => {
+  const messages: any[] = []
+  for (const inner of list!) {
+    try {
+      return Schema.resolve(data, inner, options, strict)
+    } catch (error) {
+      messages.push(error)
+    }
+  }
+  throw new ValidationError(`expected ${toString()} but got ${JSON.stringify(data)}`, options)
+})
+
+Schema.extend('intersect', (data, { list, toString }, options, strict) => {
+  if (!list!.length) return [data]
+  let result
+  for (const inner of list!) {
+    const value: any = Schema.resolve(data, inner, options, true)[0]
+    if (isNullable(value)) continue
+    if (isNullable(result)) {
+      result = value
+    } else if (typeof result !== typeof value) {
+      throw new ValidationError(`expected ${toString()} but got ${JSON.stringify(data)}`, options)
+    } else if (typeof value === 'object') {
+      merge(result ??= {}, value)
+    } else if (result !== value) {
+      throw new ValidationError(`expected ${toString()} but got ${JSON.stringify(data)}`, options)
+    }
+  }
+  if (!strict && isPlainObject(data)) merge(result, data)
+  return [result]
+})
+
+Schema.extend('transform', (data, { inner, callback, preserve }, options) => {
+  const [result, adapted = data] = Schema.resolve(data, inner!, options, true)
+  if (preserve) {
+    return [callback!(result)]
+  // } else if (isPlainObject(data)) {
+  //   const temp: any = {}
+  //   for (const key in result) {
+  //     if (!(key in data)) continue
+  //     temp[key] = data[key]
+  //     delete data[key]
+  //   }
+  //   Object.assign(data, callback!(temp))
+  //   return [callback!(result)]
+  } else {
+    return [callback!(result), callback!(adapted)]
+  }
+})
+
+type Formatter = (schema: Schema, inline?: boolean) => string
+const formatters: Dict<Formatter> = {}
+
+function defineMethod(name: string, keys: (keyof Schema)[], format: Formatter) {
+  formatters[name] = format
+  Object.assign(Schema, {
+    [name](...args: any[]) {
+      const schema = new Schema({ type: name } as Schema)
+      keys.forEach((key, index) => {
+        switch (key) {
+          case 'sKey': schema.sKey = args[index] ?? Schema.string(); break
+          case 'inner': schema.inner = Schema.from(args[index]); break
+          case 'list': schema.list = args[index].map(Schema.from); break
+          case 'dict': schema.dict = valueMap(args[index], Schema.from); break
+          case 'bits': {
+            schema.bits = {}
+            for (const key in args[index]) {
+              if (typeof args[index][key] !== 'number') continue
+              schema.bits[key] = args[index][key]
+            }
+            break
+          }
+          case 'callback': {
+            const callback = schema.callback = args[index]
+            ;callback['toJSON'] ||= () => callback.toString()
+            break
+          }
+          case 'constructor': {
+            const constructor = schema.constructor = args[index]
+            if (typeof constructor === 'function') {
+              ;constructor['toJSON'] ||= () => constructor['name']
+            }
+            break
+          }
+          default: schema[key] = args[index] as never
+        }
+      })
+      if (name === 'object' || name === 'dict') {
+        schema.meta.default = {}
+      } else if (name === 'array' || name === 'tuple') {
+        schema.meta.default = []
+      } else if (name === 'bitset') {
+        schema.meta.default = 0
+      }
+      return schema
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+defineMethod('is', ['constructor'], ({ constructor }) => {
+  if (typeof constructor === 'function') {
+    return constructor.name
+  } else {
+    return constructor!
+  }
+})
+
+defineMethod('any', [], () => 'any')
+defineMethod('never', [], () => 'never')
+defineMethod('const', ['value'], ({ value }) => typeof value === 'string' ? JSON.stringify(value) : value)
+defineMethod('string', [], () => 'string')
+defineMethod('number', [], () => 'number')
+defineMethod('boolean', [], () => 'boolean')
+defineMethod('bitset', ['bits'], () => 'bitset')
+defineMethod('function', [], () => 'function')
+defineMethod('array', ['inner'], ({ inner }) => `${inner!.toString(true)}[]`)
+defineMethod('dict', ['inner', 'sKey'], ({ inner, sKey }) => `{ [key: ${sKey!.toString()}]: ${inner!.toString()} }`)
+defineMethod('tuple', ['list'], ({ list }) => `[${list!.map((inner) => inner.toString()).join(', ')}]`)
+
+defineMethod('object', ['dict'], ({ dict }) => {
+  if (Object.keys(dict!).length === 0) return '{}'
+  return `{ ${Object.entries(dict!).map(([key, inner]) => {
+    return `${key}${inner!.meta.required ? '' : '?'}: ${inner!.toString()}`
+  }).join(', ')} }`
+})
+
+defineMethod('union', ['list'], ({ list }, inline) => {
+  const result = list!.map(({ toString: format }) => format()).join(' | ')
+  return inline ? `(${result})` : result
+})
+
+defineMethod('intersect', ['list'], ({ list }) => {
+  return `${list!.map((inner) => inner.toString(true)).join(' & ')}`
+})
+
+defineMethod('transform', ['inner', 'callback', 'preserve'], ({ inner }, isInner) => inner!.toString(isInner))
+
+export default Schema