@worthy-ventures/metaglotta-runtime 1.0.0

package/dist-esm/events.js

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+/**
+ * Which events mean "what is on screen may now be wrong".
+ *
+ * Cache writes are batched. A load writes one record per (language, namespace), and emitting
+ * an update for each would re-translate the page six times for one load, so they are queued
+ * and flushed on the next tick. A language change is not batched: it is a single event and
+ * the page should not wait a tick to reflect it. An error is not an update at all - nothing
+ * on screen changed because a file failed to load.
+ */
+const FEEDS_UPDATE = {
+    language: 'now',
+    initialLoad: 'now',
+    cache: 'batched',
+};
+export function createEvents() {
+    const handlers = new Map();
+    let queued = [];
+    let flushScheduled = false;
+    function listeners(name) {
+        const existing = handlers.get(name);
+        if (existing)
+            return existing;
+        const created = [];
+        handlers.set(name, created);
+        return created;
+    }
+    function deliver(name, payload) {
+        // Copied before iterating: a handler that unsubscribes itself would otherwise make
+        // the loop skip the handler after it.
+        for (const handler of [...listeners(name)])
+            handler(payload);
+    }
+    function flush() {
+        flushScheduled = false;
+        if (!queued.length)
+            return;
+        const batch = queued;
+        queued = [];
+        deliver('update', batch);
+    }
+    return {
+        on(name, handler) {
+            const list = listeners(name);
+            list.push(handler);
+            return {
+                unsubscribe() {
+                    const at = list.indexOf(handler);
+                    if (at >= 0)
+                        list.splice(at, 1);
+                },
+            };
+        },
+        emit(name, value) {
+            const event = { type: name, value };
+            deliver(name, event);
+            const update = FEEDS_UPDATE[name];
+            if (!update)
+                return;
+            queued.push(event);
+            if (update === 'now') {
+                flush();
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!flushScheduled) {
+                flushScheduled = true;
+                setTimeout(flush, 0);
+            }
+        },
+    };
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=events.js.map

package/dist-esm/events.js.map

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package/dist-esm/format.js

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+/**
+ * The NAMED import, not the default one.
+ *
+ * intl-messageformat ships CommonJS with an ESM wrapper, and under Node's ESM interop the
+ * default export resolves to the whole module namespace rather than to the class - so
+ * `new IntlMessageFormat(...)` throws "is not a constructor", and every string with a
+ * placeholder in it renders as the format-error text. Bundlers and jest both take the
+ * CommonJS path, where the default DOES work, so nothing catches this until it is running
+ * somewhere real. The named export is the class in both.
+ */
+import { IntlMessageFormat } from 'intl-messageformat';
+/**
+ * ICU MessageFormat, over FormatJS directly rather than through a wrapper.
+ *
+ * Compiled formatters are cached by (language, message). Parsing an ICU message is the
+ * expensive half, and the message text is what varies least: the same string is formatted
+ * once per render of every component that shows it, with different parameters each time.
+ */
+const compiled = new Map();
+/**
+ * Strings that cannot mean anything but themselves.
+ *
+ * Most translations are plain text, and running the parser over them is pure cost. Only two
+ * characters can make a string non-literal: `{` opens a placeholder, and `'` is ICU's escape
+ * character - `'{'` renders a literal brace and `''` renders one apostrophe, so `It''s` would
+ * render wrongly if this shortcut took it. `#` is special only inside a plural, which needs a
+ * `{` to open.
+ */
+const LITERAL = /^[^{']*$/;
+export function formatIcu({ translation, language, params }) {
+    if (LITERAL.test(translation))
+        return translation;
+    const cacheKey = `${language} ${translation}`;
+    let formatter = compiled.get(cacheKey);
+    if (!formatter) {
+        formatter = new IntlMessageFormat(translation, language);
+        compiled.set(cacheKey, formatter);
+    }
+    const formatted = formatter.format(params);
+    // format() returns an array for messages with rich-text tags. Nothing here uses those,
+    // but joining beats rendering "[object Object]" if one ever appears.
+    return Array.isArray(formatted) ? formatted.join('') : String(formatted);
+}
+/** Test seam: the cache is a module global by design, and lives as long as the page. */
+export function forgetCompiled() {
+    compiled.clear();
+}
+export function resolveFormat(format) {
+    if (typeof format === 'function')
+        return format;
+    if (format === 'none')
+        return ({ translation }) => translation;
+    return formatIcu;
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=format.js.map

package/dist-esm/format.js.map

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package/dist-esm/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export { Metaglotta } from './instance.js';
+export { RecordLoadError } from './backend.js';
+export { getTranslateProps, asList, unique } from './props.js';
+export { flatten, recordKey } from './cache.js';
+export { formatIcu, forgetCompiled, resolveFormat } from './format.js';
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map

package/dist-esm/index.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist-esm/instance.js

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+import { createBackend, RecordLoadError } from './backend.js';
+import { createCache } from './cache.js';
+import { createEvents } from './events.js';
+import { resolveFormat } from './format.js';
+import { asList, getTranslateProps, unique } from './props.js';
+const DEFAULT_FORMAT_ERROR = 'invalid';
+/**
+ * The Metaglotta translation runtime.
+ *
+ * Everything the eleven applications do in production: hold translations per language and
+ * namespace, fetch the ones they need from the CDN, fall back through namespaces and
+ * languages when a key is missing, format ICU, and say when any of that changed.
+ *
+ * What it deliberately does not do is in-context editing. That needs the page's rendered text
+ * traced back to its key, which means wrapping every string and watching the DOM - a
+ * different job, only wanted while authoring, and it stays where it is until it is rewritten
+ * too. Both runtimes satisfy I18nInstance, so a bootstrap picks one per environment.
+ */
+export function Metaglotta(options) {
+    const events = createEvents();
+    const cache = createCache();
+    const format = resolveFormat(options.format);
+    const backend = options.backend ? createBackend(options.backend) : undefined;
+    const onMissing = options.onMissing ?? ((props) => props.key);
+    // Identity in production: there is nothing to decorate a string with, and a call per
+    // rendered string is worth not making.
+    const decorate = options.decorate ?? ((result) => result);
+    /** Namespaces a subscriber is currently holding open, by how many hold each. */
+    const active = new Map();
+    /**
+     * Loads in flight, by record.
+     *
+     * Every pipe instance activates its namespace on subscribe - some thousands of them on a
+     * first render - and without this each would start its own fetch of the same file.
+     */
+    const inFlight = new Map();
+    let language = options.language;
+    /** The language a change is on its way to, so a slower earlier change cannot win. */
+    let pending = options.language;
+    let running = false;
+    let runPromise;
+    for (const [key, data] of Object.entries(options.staticData ?? {})) {
+        const [first, ...rest] = key.split(':');
+        cache.set({ language: first, namespace: rest.join(':') }, data);
+    }
+    const defaultNamespace = () => options.defaultNs ?? options.ns?.[0] ?? '';
+    /** Where a lookup looks, in order: the one asked for, then the configured fallbacks. */
+    const lookupNamespaces = (ns) => unique([...asList(ns ?? defaultNamespace()), ...asList(options.fallbackNs)]);
+    /** Everything that must be in memory: the fallbacks plus whatever is being held open. */
+    const requiredNamespaces = (ns) => unique([...asList(ns ?? defaultNamespace()), defaultNamespace(), ...(options.ns ?? []), ...asList(options.fallbackNs), ...active.keys()]);
+    const languagesFor = (requested) => {
+        const from = requested || language;
+        if (!from)
+            return [];
+        return unique([from, ...fallbacksOf(from, options.fallbackLanguage)]);
+    };
+    const descriptors = (forLanguage, ns) => languagesFor(forLanguage).flatMap(lang => requiredNamespaces(ns).map(namespace => ({ language: lang, namespace })));
+    async function loadOne(descriptor) {
+        if (!backend || cache.has(descriptor))
+            return;
+        const key = `${descriptor.language}:${descriptor.namespace}`;
+        const existing = inFlight.get(key);
+        if (existing)
+            return existing;
+        const attempt = backend
+            .load(descriptor)
+            .then(data => {
+            // A backend that returns nothing has nothing to say about this record, which
+            // is different from failing: leave the record absent so a later load retries.
+            if (data) {
+                cache.set(descriptor, data);
+                events.emit('cache', descriptor);
+            }
+        })
+            .catch((error) => {
+            events.emit('error', error);
+            console.error(error);
+            if (!backend.fallbackOnFail)
+                throw error;
+            /**
+             * Remembered as empty rather than left absent.
+             *
+             * Absent means "not loaded", and every one of the thousands of pipes on a
+             * page activates its namespace on subscribe - so a namespace whose file 404s
+             * would be re-fetched once per pipe, for as long as the page is open. One
+             * bad path is a deploy mistake; it should not also be a thundering herd.
+             */
+            cache.set(descriptor, {});
+        })
+            .finally(() => inFlight.delete(key));
+        inFlight.set(key, attempt);
+        return attempt;
+    }
+    const loadAll = async (records) => {
+        await Promise.all(records.map(loadOne));
+    };
+    function formatted(props, text, forLanguage) {
+        try {
+            return format({ translation: text, language: forLanguage, params: props.params });
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            console.error(error);
+            const handler = options.onFormatError;
+            if (typeof handler === 'string')
+                return handler;
+            if (typeof handler === 'function')
+                return handler(messageOf(error), props);
+            return DEFAULT_FORMAT_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+    const self = {
+        t(keyOrProps, ...rest) {
+            const props = getTranslateProps(keyOrProps, ...rest);
+            const namespaces = lookupNamespaces(props.ns);
+            const stored = cache.find(namespaces, languagesFor(props.language), props.key);
+            /**
+             * Where the string came from, or - with nothing stored - where a new one would go.
+             *
+             * Only interesting to the decorate pass, and only in the authoring build, but it
+             * has to be worked out here: this is the one place that knows which namespace
+             * answered, and by the time anybody clicks the rendered text it is unknowable.
+             */
+            const namespace = stored?.namespace ?? namespaces[0] ?? '';
+            /**
+             * The missing case, which two call sites depend on being exactly this.
+             *
+             * With nothing stored and no default, t() ECHOES THE KEY - that is what makes a
+             * missing string visible on the page instead of a silent gap, and callers write
+             * `instant(k) || fallback` against it. The pipe passes orEmpty and so renders ''.
+             */
+            const value = stored?.value ?? props.defaultValue;
+            if (value === undefined)
+                return decorate(props.orEmpty ? '' : onMissing(props), props, namespace);
+            const forLanguage = props.language || language;
+            if (!value || !forLanguage)
+                return decorate(value, props, namespace);
+            return decorate(formatted(props, value, forLanguage), props, namespace);
+        },
+        /**
+         * Rewrites one translation in memory.
+         *
+         * For the in-context dialog: the page shows the new text the moment it is saved,
+         * rather than after a reload. Refuses a namespace nothing has loaded, because writing
+         * into one would invent a record no element reads and hide the mistake.
+         */
+        changeTranslation(descriptor, key, value) {
+            const written = cache.write({ language: descriptor.language ?? language, namespace: descriptor.namespace ?? defaultNamespace() }, key, value);
+            if (written)
+                events.emit('cache', descriptor);
+            return written;
+        },
+        on: events.on,
+        getLanguage: () => language,
+        async changeLanguage(next) {
+            if (pending === next && language === next)
+                return;
+            pending = next;
+            if (running)
+                await loadAll(descriptors(next));
+            // Two changes can be in flight at once, and the one that finishes last is not
+            // necessarily the one that was asked for last. Only the latest may apply.
+            if (pending !== next)
+                return;
+            if (language !== next) {
+                language = next;
+                events.emit('language', next);
+            }
+        },
+        async addActiveNs(ns, forget) {
+            if (!forget) {
+                // Naming no namespace holds nothing open: the default one is always required
+                // anyway, so there is nothing for a reference count to keep alive.
+                for (const namespace of asList(ns)) {
+                    active.set(namespace, (active.get(namespace) ?? 0) + 1);
+                }
+            }
+            if (running)
+                await loadAll(descriptors(undefined, ns));
+        },
+        removeActiveNs(ns) {
+            for (const namespace of asList(ns)) {
+                const held = active.get(namespace);
+                if (held !== undefined && held > 1)
+                    active.set(namespace, held - 1);
+                else
+                    active.delete(namespace);
+            }
+        },
+        run() {
+            if (!running) {
+                running = true;
+                runPromise = loadAll(descriptors()).then(() => {
+                    events.emit('initialLoad', undefined);
+                });
+            }
+            return runPromise ?? Promise.resolve();
+        },
+        stop() {
+            running = false;
+        },
+    };
+    return self;
+}
+/** A fallback language list, which may be given per language or for all of them. */
+function fallbacksOf(forLanguage, fallback) {
+    if (fallback && typeof fallback === 'object' && !Array.isArray(fallback)) {
+        return asList(fallback[forLanguage]);
+    }
+    return asList(fallback);
+}
+function messageOf(error) {
+    if (typeof error === 'string')
+        return error;
+    if (error instanceof Error)
+        return error.message;
+    return DEFAULT_FORMAT_ERROR;
+}
+export { RecordLoadError };
+//# sourceMappingURL=instance.js.map

package/dist-esm/instance.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist-esm/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"type":"module"}

package/dist-esm/props.js

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * The four ways t() can be called, reduced to one shape.
+ *
+ *   t('key')
+ *   t('key', 'Default value')
+ *   t('key', { name: 'Ada' })
+ *   t('key', 'Default value', { ns: 'login' })
+ *   t({ key: 'key', ns: 'login', params: { name: 'Ada' } })
+ *
+ * The third form is the awkward one: options and parameters share a single object, so
+ * anything that is not a known option is a parameter. That is why `ns`, `noWrap`, `orEmpty`
+ * and `language` cannot be used as parameter names - a limitation of the calling convention,
+ * not of the formatter.
+ */
+const OPTION_NAMES = ['ns', 'noWrap', 'orEmpty', 'language'];
+function split(combined) {
+    const options = {};
+    const params = {};
+    for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(combined)) {
+        if (OPTION_NAMES.includes(name)) {
+            options[name] = value;
+        }
+        else {
+            params[name] = value;
+        }
+    }
+    return { ...options, params };
+}
+export function getTranslateProps(keyOrProps, ...rest) {
+    // Already the full shape: nothing to work out.
+    if (typeof keyOrProps === 'object' && keyOrProps !== null)
+        return keyOrProps;
+    const props = { key: keyOrProps };
+    let combined;
+    if (typeof rest[0] === 'string') {
+        props.defaultValue = rest[0];
+        combined = rest[1];
+    }
+    else if (typeof rest[0] === 'object' && rest[0] !== null) {
+        combined = rest[0];
+    }
+    return combined ? { ...split(combined), ...props } : props;
+}
+/** A fallback list, however it was written, as an array. */
+export function asList(value) {
+    if (typeof value === 'string')
+        return [value];
+    if (Array.isArray(value))
+        return value;
+    return [];
+}
+export function unique(values) {
+    return [...new Set(values)];
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=props.js.map

package/dist-esm/props.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"props.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/props.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAEA;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAaG;AACH,MAAM,YAAY,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,UAAU,CAAU,CAAC;AAItE,SAAS,KAAK,CAAC,QAAkB;IAC7B,MAAM,OAAO,GAA4B,EAAE,CAAC;IAC5C,MAAM,MAAM,GAAoB,EAAE,CAAC;IAEnC,KAAK,MAAM,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK,CAAC,IAAI,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QACnD,IAAK,YAAkC,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;YACpD,OAAmC,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,GAAG,KAAK,CAAC;QACvD,CAAC;aAAM,CAAC;YACJ,MAAM,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,GAAG,KAAK,CAAC;QACzB,CAAC;IACL,CAAC;IAED,OAAO,EAAE,GAAG,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,CAAC;AAClC,CAAC;AAED,MAAM,UAAU,iBAAiB,CAAC,UAAmC,EAAE,GAAG,IAAe;IACrF,+CAA+C;IAC/C,IAAI,OAAO,UAAU,KAAK,QAAQ,IAAI,UAAU,KAAK,IAAI;QAAE,OAAO,UAAU,CAAC;IAE7E,MAAM,KAAK,GAAmB,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,CAAC;IAClD,IAAI,QAA8B,CAAC;IAEnC,IAAI,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,KAAK,QAAQ,EAAE,CAAC;QAC9B,KAAK,CAAC,YAAY,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;QAC7B,QAAQ,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,CAAyB,CAAC;IAC/C,CAAC;SAAM,IAAI,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,KAAK,QAAQ,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,KAAK,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC;QACzD,QAAQ,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,CAAa,CAAC;IACnC,CAAC;IAED,OAAO,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,GAAG,KAAK,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,GAAG,KAAK,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC;AAC/D,CAAC;AAED,4DAA4D;AAC5D,MAAM,UAAU,MAAM,CAAC,KAAwB;IAC3C,IAAI,OAAO,KAAK,KAAK,QAAQ;QAAE,OAAO,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,CAAC;IAC9C,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC;QAAE,OAAO,KAAK,CAAC;IACvC,OAAO,EAAE,CAAC;AACd,CAAC;AAED,MAAM,UAAU,MAAM,CAAI,MAAW;IACjC,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,IAAI,GAAG,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;AAChC,CAAC"}

package/dist-esm/types.js

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * What a caller can pass to t(), and what the runtime hands back.
+ *
+ * Deliberately small: this is the whole surface the Angular glue and the eleven applications
+ * use, verified by counting call sites rather than by reading a feature list.
+ */
+export {};
+//# sourceMappingURL=types.js.map

package/dist-esm/types.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"types.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/types.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;GAKG"}

package/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+    "name": "@worthy-ventures/metaglotta-runtime",
+    "version": "1.0.0",
+    "description": "The Metaglotta translation runtime: cache, namespace and language fallback, CDN loading and ICU formatting. No framework, no DOM.",
+    "license": "MIT",
+    "main": "dist/index.js",
+    "module": "dist-esm/index.js",
+    "types": "dist/index.d.ts",
+    "exports": {
+        ".": {
+            "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+            "import": "./dist-esm/index.js",
+            "require": "./dist/index.js"
+        },
+        "./package.json": "./package.json"
+    },
+    "files": [
+        "dist/**/*",
+        "dist-esm/**/*",
+        "src/**/*",
+        "README.md"
+    ],
+    "sideEffects": false,
+    "scripts": {
+        "build": "npm run clean && tsc -p tsconfig.build.json && tsc -p tsconfig.esm.json && node -e \"require('fs').writeFileSync('dist-esm/package.json', JSON.stringify({type:'module'}))\"",
+        "test": "jest -c jest.config.js",
+        "clean": "rimraf dist dist-esm coverage",
+        "verify:esm": "node scripts/verify-esm.mjs",
+        "verify": "npm run dev:lint && npm test && npm run build && npm run verify:partial-ivy && npm run verify:esm"
+    },
+    "dependencies": {
+        "intl-messageformat": "10.7.16"
+    },
+    "publishConfig": {
+        "access": "public"
+    }
+}

package/src/backend.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import { createBackend, RecordLoadError } from './backend.js';
+
+const ok = (body: unknown) => ({ ok: true, status: 200, json: async () => body }) as unknown as Response;
+const notFound = () => ({ ok: false, status: 404, json: async () => ({}) }) as unknown as Response;
+
+describe('the backend', () => {
+    it('builds the path the published layout uses', async () => {
+        const asked: string[] = [];
+        const backend = createBackend({
+            prefix: 'https://cdn.example/langs/lis',
+            fetch: (async (url: string) => {
+                asked.push(url);
+                return ok({ greeting: 'Hello' });
+            }) as unknown as typeof fetch,
+        });
+
+        await backend.load({ language: 'en', namespace: 'login' });
+
+        expect(asked).toEqual(['https://cdn.example/langs/lis/login/en.json']);
+    });
+
+    /** The default namespace has no folder of its own; the file sits at the prefix. */
+    it('leaves the default namespace out of the path', async () => {
+        const asked: string[] = [];
+        const backend = createBackend({
+            prefix: 'https://cdn.example/langs/lis/',
+            fetch: (async (url: string) => {
+                asked.push(url);
+                return ok({});
+            }) as unknown as typeof fetch,
+        });
+
+        await backend.load({ language: 'el', namespace: '' });
+
+        expect(asked).toEqual(['https://cdn.example/langs/lis/el.json']);
+    });
+
+    it('takes a path builder of your own, which is how a cache-buster gets in', async () => {
+        const asked: string[] = [];
+        const backend = createBackend({
+            prefix: '/langs',
+            getPath: ({ namespace, language, prefix }) => `${prefix}/${namespace}/${language}.json?v=7`,
+            fetch: (async (url: string) => {
+                asked.push(url);
+                return ok({});
+            }) as unknown as typeof fetch,
+        });
+
+        await backend.load({ language: 'en', namespace: 'login' });
+
+        expect(asked).toEqual(['/langs/login/en.json?v=7']);
+    });
+
+    it('returns what the file holds', async () => {
+        const backend = createBackend({ fetch: (async () => ok({ greeting: 'Hello' })) as unknown as typeof fetch });
+
+        expect(await backend.load({ language: 'en', namespace: '' })).toEqual({ greeting: 'Hello' });
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Which record failed has to travel with the failure. The caller decides whether one
+     * unreadable file costs a namespace or the whole load, and it cannot decide that from a
+     * bare fetch error.
+     */
+    it('says which record failed, not just that something did', async () => {
+        const backend = createBackend({ prefix: '/langs', fetch: (async () => notFound()) as unknown as typeof fetch });
+
+        const error = await backend.load({ language: 'el', namespace: 'reception' }).catch((e: unknown) => e);
+
+        expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(RecordLoadError);
+        expect((error as RecordLoadError).descriptor).toEqual({ language: 'el', namespace: 'reception' });
+        expect((error as RecordLoadError).url).toBe('/langs/reception/el.json');
+        expect(String(error)).toContain('reception/el');
+    });
+
+    it('names the default namespace readably when it is the one that failed', async () => {
+        const backend = createBackend({ fetch: (async () => notFound()) as unknown as typeof fetch });
+
+        const error = await backend.load({ language: 'en', namespace: '' }).catch((e: unknown) => e);
+
+        expect(String(error)).toContain('(default)/en');
+    });
+
+    it('treats a network failure the same as a bad status', async () => {
+        const backend = createBackend({
+            fetch: (async () => {
+                throw new Error('offline');
+            }) as unknown as typeof fetch,
+        });
+
+        await expect(backend.load({ language: 'en', namespace: '' })).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(RecordLoadError);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Without a timeout a hung connection holds the initial load open for as long as the
+     * browser's own, which is minutes - and an application that awaits run() waits with it.
+     */
+    it('gives up on a request that never answers', async () => {
+        jest.useFakeTimers();
+        try {
+            const backend = createBackend({ timeout: 50, fetch: (() => new Promise<Response>(() => undefined)) as unknown as typeof fetch });
+            const result = backend.load({ language: 'en', namespace: '' });
+            const settled = result.catch((e: unknown) => e);
+
+            jest.advanceTimersByTime(60);
+
+            expect(await settled).toBeInstanceOf(RecordLoadError);
+        } finally {
+            jest.useRealTimers();
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('survivability is the caller’s to read, and defaults to survivable', () => {
+        expect(createBackend({}).fallbackOnFail).toBe(true);
+        expect(createBackend({ fallbackOnFail: false }).fallbackOnFail).toBe(false);
+    });
+});