@willieee802/zigbee-herdsman 0.48.2 → 0.49.0

package/src/adapter/z-stack/adapter/zStackAdapter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1350 @@
+import assert from "node:assert";
+
+import debounce from "debounce";
+
+import type * as Models from "../../../models";
+import {Queue, Waitress, wait} from "../../../utils";
+import {logger} from "../../../utils/logger";
+import * as ZSpec from "../../../zspec";
+import type {BroadcastAddress} from "../../../zspec/enums";
+import type {Eui64} from "../../../zspec/tstypes";
+import * as Zcl from "../../../zspec/zcl";
+import * as Zdo from "../../../zspec/zdo";
+import type * as ZdoTypes from "../../../zspec/zdo/definition/tstypes";
+import Adapter from "../../adapter";
+import type * as Events from "../../events";
+import type {AdapterOptions, CoordinatorVersion, NetworkOptions, NetworkParameters, SerialPortOptions, StartResult} from "../../tstype";
+import * as Constants from "../constants";
+import {Constants as UnpiConstants} from "../unpi";
+import {Znp, type ZpiObject} from "../znp";
+import Definition from "../znp/definition";
+import {isMtCmdAreqZdo} from "../znp/utils";
+import {Endpoints} from "./endpoints";
+import {ZnpAdapterManager} from "./manager";
+import {ZnpVersion} from "./tstype";
+import {KonnextConfig} from "../../../controller/model/konnextConfig";
+
+const NS = "zh:zstack";
+const Subsystem = UnpiConstants.Subsystem;
+const Type = UnpiConstants.Type;
+const {ZnpCommandStatus, AddressMode} = Constants.COMMON;
+
+const DataConfirmTimeout = 9999; // Not an actual code
+
+interface WaitressMatcher {
+    address?: number | string;
+    endpoint: number;
+    transactionSequenceNumber?: number;
+    frameType: Zcl.FrameType;
+    clusterID: number;
+    commandIdentifier: number;
+    direction: number;
+}
+
+class DataConfirmError extends Error {
+    public code: number;
+    constructor(code: number) {
+        const error = code === DataConfirmTimeout ? "'TIMEOUT'" : `'${ZnpCommandStatus[code]}' (0x${code.toString(16)})`;
+        const message = `Data request failed with error: ${error}`;
+        super(message);
+        this.code = code;
+    }
+}
+
+export class ZStackAdapter extends Adapter {
+    private deviceAnnounceRouteDiscoveryDebouncers: Map<number, () => void>;
+    private znp: Znp;
+    // @ts-expect-error initialized in `start`
+    private adapterManager: ZnpAdapterManager;
+    private transactionID: number;
+    // @ts-expect-error initialized in `start`
+    private version: {
+        product: number;
+        transportrev: number;
+        majorrel: number;
+        minorrel: number;
+        maintrel: number;
+        revision: string;
+    };
+    private closing: boolean;
+    // @ts-expect-error initialized in `start`
+    private queue: Queue;
+    private supportsLED?: boolean;
+    private interpanLock: boolean;
+    private interpanEndpointRegistered: boolean;
+    private waitress: Waitress<Events.ZclPayload, WaitressMatcher>;
+    private konnextConfig: KonnextConfig;
+
+    public constructor(networkOptions: NetworkOptions, serialPortOptions: SerialPortOptions, backupPath: string, adapterOptions: AdapterOptions, konnextConfig: KonnextConfig) {
+        super(networkOptions, serialPortOptions, backupPath, adapterOptions);
+        this.hasZdoMessageOverhead = false;
+        this.manufacturerID = Zcl.ManufacturerCode.TEXAS_INSTRUMENTS;
+        // biome-ignore lint/style/noNonNullAssertion: ignored using `--suppress`
+        this.znp = new Znp(this.serialPortOptions.path!, this.serialPortOptions.baudRate!, this.serialPortOptions.rtscts!, konnextConfig);
+
+        this.konnextConfig = konnextConfig;
+        this.transactionID = 0;
+        this.deviceAnnounceRouteDiscoveryDebouncers = new Map();
+        this.interpanLock = false;
+        this.interpanEndpointRegistered = false;
+        this.closing = false;
+        this.waitress = new Waitress<Events.ZclPayload, WaitressMatcher>(this.waitressValidator, this.waitressTimeoutFormatter);
+
+        this.znp.on("received", this.onZnpRecieved.bind(this));
+        this.znp.on("close", this.onZnpClose.bind(this));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adapter methods
+     */
+    public async start(): Promise<StartResult> {
+        await this.znp.open();
+
+        const attempts = 3;
+        for (let i = 0; i < attempts; i++) {
+            try {
+                await this.znp.request(Subsystem.SYS, "ping", {capabilities: 1});
+                break;
+            } catch (e) {
+                if (attempts - 1 === i) {
+                    throw new Error(`Failed to connect to the adapter (${e})`);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Old firmware did not support version, assume it's Z-Stack 1.2 for now.
+        try {
+            this.version = (await this.znp.requestWithReply(Subsystem.SYS, "version", {})).payload as typeof this.version;
+        } catch {
+            logger.debug("Failed to get zStack version, assuming 1.2", NS);
+            this.version = {transportrev: 2, product: 0, majorrel: 2, minorrel: 0, maintrel: 0, revision: ""};
+        }
+
+        const concurrent = this.adapterOptions?.concurrent ? this.adapterOptions.concurrent : this.version.product === ZnpVersion.ZStack3x0 ? 16 : 2;
+
+        logger.debug(`Adapter concurrent: ${concurrent}`, NS);
+
+        this.queue = new Queue(concurrent);
+
+        logger.debug(() => `Detected znp version '${ZnpVersion[this.version.product]}' (${JSON.stringify(this.version)})`, NS);
+        this.adapterManager = new ZnpAdapterManager(this, this.znp, {
+            backupPath: this.backupPath,
+            version: this.version.product,
+            greenPowerGroup: ZSpec.GP_GROUP_ID,
+            networkOptions: this.networkOptions,
+            adapterOptions: this.adapterOptions,
+        });
+
+        const startResult = this.adapterManager.start();
+
+        if (this.adapterOptions.disableLED) {
+            // Wait a bit for adapter to startup, otherwise led doesn't disable (tested with CC2531)
+            await wait(200);
+            await this.setLED("disable");
+        }
+
+        if (this.adapterOptions.transmitPower != null) {
+            await this.znp.request(Subsystem.SYS, "stackTune", {operation: 0, value: this.adapterOptions.transmitPower});
+        }
+
+        return await startResult;
+    }
+
+    public async stop(): Promise<void> {
+        this.closing = true;
+        await this.znp.close();
+    }
+
+    public async getCoordinatorIEEE(): Promise<string> {
+        return await this.queue.execute(async () => {
+            this.checkInterpanLock();
+            const deviceInfo = await this.znp.requestWithReply(Subsystem.UTIL, "getDeviceInfo", {});
+
+            return deviceInfo.payload.ieeeaddr;
+        });
+    }
+
+    public async getCoordinatorVersion(): Promise<CoordinatorVersion> {
+        return await Promise.resolve({type: ZnpVersion[this.version.product], meta: this.version});
+    }
+
+    public async permitJoin(seconds: number, networkAddress?: number): Promise<void> {
+        const clusterId = Zdo.ClusterId.PERMIT_JOINING_REQUEST;
+        // `authentication`: TC significance always 1 (zb specs)
+        const zdoPayload = Zdo.Buffalo.buildRequest(this.hasZdoMessageOverhead, clusterId, seconds, 1, []);
+
+        if (networkAddress === undefined) {
+            await this.sendZdo(ZSpec.BLANK_EUI64, ZSpec.BroadcastAddress.DEFAULT, clusterId, zdoPayload, true);
+        } else {
+            // NOTE: `sendZdo` takes care of adjusting the payload as appropriate based on `networkAddress === 0` or not
+            const result = await this.sendZdo(ZSpec.BLANK_EUI64, networkAddress, clusterId, zdoPayload, false);
+
+            /* v8 ignore start */
+            if (!Zdo.Buffalo.checkStatus<Zdo.ClusterId.PERMIT_JOINING_RESPONSE>(result)) {
+                // TODO: will disappear once moved upstream
+                throw new Zdo.StatusError(result[0]);
+            }
+            /* v8 ignore stop */
+        }
+
+        await this.queue.execute<void>(async () => {
+            this.checkInterpanLock();
+            await this.setLED(seconds === 0 ? "off" : "on");
+        });
+    }
+
+    public async reset(type: "soft" | "hard"): Promise<void> {
+        if (type === "soft") {
+            await this.znp.request(Subsystem.SYS, "resetReq", {type: Constants.SYS.resetType.SOFT});
+        } else {
+            await this.znp.request(Subsystem.SYS, "resetReq", {type: Constants.SYS.resetType.HARD});
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async setLED(action: "disable" | "on" | "off"): Promise<void> {
+        if (this.supportsLED == null) {
+            // Only zStack3x0 with 20210430 and greater support LED
+            const zStack3x0 = this.version.product === ZnpVersion.ZStack3x0;
+            this.supportsLED = !zStack3x0 || (zStack3x0 && Number.parseInt(this.version.revision, 10) >= 20210430);
+        }
+
+        if (!this.supportsLED || (this.adapterOptions.disableLED && action !== "disable")) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Firmwares build on and after 20211029 should handle LED themselves
+        const firmwareControlsLed = Number.parseInt(this.version.revision, 10) >= 20211029;
+        const lookup = {
+            disable: firmwareControlsLed ? {ledid: 0xff, mode: 5} : {ledid: 3, mode: 0},
+            on: firmwareControlsLed ? null : {ledid: 3, mode: 1},
+            off: firmwareControlsLed ? null : {ledid: 3, mode: 0},
+        };
+
+        const payload = lookup[action];
+        if (payload) {
+            await this.znp.request(Subsystem.UTIL, "ledControl", payload, undefined, 500).catch(() => {
+                // We cannot 100% correctly determine if an adapter supports LED. E.g. the zStack 1.2 20190608
+                // fw supports led on the CC2531 but not on the CC2530. Therefore if a led request fails never thrown
+                // an error but instead mark the led as unsupported.
+                // https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee-herdsman/issues/377
+                // https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee2mqtt/issues/7693
+                this.supportsLED = false;
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async requestNetworkAddress(ieeeAddr: string): Promise<number> {
+        /**
+         * NOTE: There are cases where multiple nwkAddrRsp are recevied with different network addresses,
+         * this is currently not handled, the first nwkAddrRsp is taken.
+         */
+        logger.debug(`Request network address of '${ieeeAddr}'`, NS);
+
+        const clusterId = Zdo.ClusterId.NETWORK_ADDRESS_REQUEST;
+        const zdoPayload = Zdo.Buffalo.buildRequest(this.hasZdoMessageOverhead, clusterId, ieeeAddr as Eui64, false, 0);
+
+        const result = await this.sendZdoInternal(ieeeAddr, ZSpec.NULL_NODE_ID, clusterId, zdoPayload, false, true);
+
+        if (Zdo.Buffalo.checkStatus<Zdo.ClusterId.NETWORK_ADDRESS_RESPONSE>(result)) {
+            return result[1].nwkAddress;
+            /* v8 ignore start */
+        }
+
+        // TODO: will disappear once moved upstream
+        throw new Zdo.StatusError(result[0]);
+        /* v8 ignore stop */
+    }
+
+    private supportsAssocRemove(): boolean {
+        return this.version.product === ZnpVersion.ZStack3x0 && Number.parseInt(this.version.revision, 10) >= 20200805;
+    }
+
+    private supportsAssocAdd(): boolean {
+        return this.version.product === ZnpVersion.ZStack3x0 && Number.parseInt(this.version.revision, 10) >= 20201026;
+    }
+
+    private async discoverRoute(networkAddress: number, waitSettled = true): Promise<void> {
+        logger.debug(`Discovering route to ${networkAddress}`, NS);
+        const payload = {dstAddr: networkAddress, options: 0, radius: Constants.AF.DEFAULT_RADIUS};
+        await this.znp.request(Subsystem.ZDO, "extRouteDisc", payload);
+
+        if (waitSettled) {
+            await wait(3000);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve all data for AF_INCOMING_MSG_EXT with huge data byte count.
+     *
+     * @param timestamp
+     * @param length full data length
+     *
+     * @returns Buffer containing the full data or undefined on error
+     */
+    private async dataRetrieveAll(timestamp: number, length: number): Promise<Buffer | undefined> {
+        const buf = Buffer.alloc(length);
+        const blockSize = 240;
+
+        const freeExtMessage = async () => {
+            // A length of zero is special and triggers the freeing of
+            // the corresponding incoming message.
+            await this.znp.requestWithReply(Subsystem.AF, "dataRetrieve", {timestamp: timestamp, index: 0, length: 0});
+        };
+        for (let index = 0; index < length; index += blockSize) {
+            const chunkSize = Math.min(blockSize, length - index);
+            const rsp = await this.znp.requestWithReply(
+                Subsystem.AF,
+                "dataRetrieve",
+                {
+                    timestamp: timestamp,
+                    index: index,
+                    length: chunkSize,
+                },
+                undefined,
+            );
+            // 0x00 = afStatus_SUCCESS
+            if (rsp.payload.status !== 0x00) {
+                logger.error(
+                    `dataRetrieve [timestamp: ${timestamp}, index: ${index}, chunkSize: ${chunkSize}] error status: ${rsp.payload.status}`,
+                    NS,
+                );
+                await freeExtMessage();
+                return undefined;
+            }
+            if (rsp.payload.length !== chunkSize) {
+                logger.error(`dataRetrieve length mismatch [${chunkSize} requested, ${rsp.payload.length} returned`, NS);
+                await freeExtMessage();
+                return undefined;
+            }
+            rsp.payload.data.copy(buf, index);
+        }
+        await freeExtMessage();
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    public async sendZdo(
+        ieeeAddress: string,
+        networkAddress: number,
+        clusterId: Zdo.ClusterId,
+        payload: Buffer,
+        disableResponse: true,
+    ): Promise<void>;
+    public async sendZdo<K extends keyof ZdoTypes.RequestToResponseMap>(
+        ieeeAddress: string,
+        networkAddress: number,
+        clusterId: K,
+        payload: Buffer,
+        disableResponse: false,
+    ): Promise<ZdoTypes.RequestToResponseMap[K]>;
+    public async sendZdo<K extends keyof ZdoTypes.RequestToResponseMap>(
+        ieeeAddress: string,
+        networkAddress: number,
+        clusterId: K,
+        payload: Buffer,
+        disableResponse: boolean,
+    ): Promise<ZdoTypes.RequestToResponseMap[K] | undefined> {
+        return await this.sendZdoInternal(ieeeAddress, networkAddress, clusterId, payload, disableResponse, false);
+    }
+
+    private async sendZdoInternal(
+        ieeeAddress: string,
+        networkAddress: number,
+        clusterId: Zdo.ClusterId,
+        payload: Buffer,
+        disableResponse: boolean,
+        skipQueue: boolean,
+    ): Promise<undefined>;
+    private async sendZdoInternal<K extends keyof ZdoTypes.RequestToResponseMap>(
+        ieeeAddress: string,
+        networkAddress: number,
+        clusterId: K,
+        payload: Buffer,
+        disableResponse: false,
+        skipQueue: boolean,
+    ): Promise<ZdoTypes.RequestToResponseMap[K]>;
+    private async sendZdoInternal<K extends keyof ZdoTypes.RequestToResponseMap>(
+        ieeeAddress: string,
+        networkAddress: number,
+        clusterId: K,
+        payload: Buffer,
+        disableResponse: boolean,
+        skipQueue: boolean,
+    ): Promise<ZdoTypes.RequestToResponseMap[K] | undefined> {
+        const func = async (): Promise<ZdoTypes.RequestToResponseMap[K] | undefined> => {
+            this.checkInterpanLock();
+
+            // stack-specific requirements
+            switch (clusterId) {
+                case Zdo.ClusterId.PERMIT_JOINING_REQUEST: {
+                    const finalPayload = Buffer.alloc(payload.length + 3);
+                    finalPayload.writeUInt8(ZSpec.BroadcastAddress[networkAddress] ? AddressMode.ADDR_BROADCAST : AddressMode.ADDR_16BIT, 0);
+                    // zstack uses AddressMode.ADDR_16BIT + ZSpec.BroadcastAddress.DEFAULT to signal "coordinator-only"
+                    finalPayload.writeUInt16LE(networkAddress === 0 ? ZSpec.BroadcastAddress.DEFAULT : networkAddress, 1);
+                    finalPayload.set(payload, 3);
+
+                    payload = finalPayload;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case Zdo.ClusterId.NWK_UPDATE_REQUEST: {
+                    // extra zeroes for empty nwkManagerAddr if necessary
+                    const zeroes = 9 - payload.length - 1; /* zstack doesn't have nwkUpdateId */
+                    const finalPayload = Buffer.alloc(payload.length + 3 + zeroes);
+                    finalPayload.writeUInt16LE(networkAddress, 0);
+                    finalPayload.writeUInt8(ZSpec.BroadcastAddress[networkAddress] ? AddressMode.ADDR_BROADCAST : AddressMode.ADDR_16BIT, 2);
+                    finalPayload.set(payload, 3);
+
+                    payload = finalPayload;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case Zdo.ClusterId.BIND_REQUEST:
+                case Zdo.ClusterId.UNBIND_REQUEST: {
+                    // extra zeroes for uint16 (in place of ieee when MULTICAST) and endpoint (not used when MULTICAST)
+                    const zeroes = 21 - payload.length;
+                    const finalPayload = Buffer.alloc(payload.length + 2 + zeroes);
+                    finalPayload.writeUInt16LE(networkAddress, 0);
+                    finalPayload.set(payload, 2);
+
+                    payload = finalPayload;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case Zdo.ClusterId.NETWORK_ADDRESS_REQUEST:
+                case Zdo.ClusterId.IEEE_ADDRESS_REQUEST: {
+                    // no modification necessary
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                default: {
+                    const finalPayload = Buffer.alloc(payload.length + 2);
+                    finalPayload.writeUInt16LE(networkAddress, 0);
+                    finalPayload.set(payload, 2);
+
+                    payload = finalPayload;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            let waiter: ReturnType<typeof this.znp.waitFor> | undefined;
+
+            if (!disableResponse) {
+                const responseClusterId = Zdo.Utils.getResponseClusterId(clusterId);
+
+                if (responseClusterId) {
+                    const cmd = Definition[Subsystem.ZDO].find((c) => isMtCmdAreqZdo(c) && c.zdoClusterId === responseClusterId);
+                    assert(cmd, `Response for ZDO cluster ID '${responseClusterId}' not supported.`);
+
+                    waiter = this.znp.waitFor(
+                        UnpiConstants.Type.AREQ,
+                        Subsystem.ZDO,
+                        cmd.name,
+                        responseClusterId === Zdo.ClusterId.NETWORK_ADDRESS_RESPONSE ? ieeeAddress : networkAddress,
+                        undefined,
+                        undefined,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+
+            try {
+                await this.znp.requestZdo(clusterId, payload, waiter?.ID);
+            } catch (error) {
+                if (clusterId === Zdo.ClusterId.NODE_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST) {
+                    // Discover route when node descriptor request fails
+                    // https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee2mqtt/issues/3276
+                    logger.debug(`Discover route to '${networkAddress}' because node descriptor request failed`, NS);
+                    await this.discoverRoute(networkAddress);
+                    await this.znp.requestZdo(clusterId, payload, /* v8 ignore next */ waiter?.ID);
+                } else {
+                    throw error;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (waiter) {
+                const response = await waiter.start().promise;
+
+                return response.payload.zdo;
+            }
+        };
+        return skipQueue ? await func() : await this.queue.execute(func, networkAddress);
+    }
+
+    public async sendZclFrameToEndpoint(
+        ieeeAddr: string,
+        networkAddress: number,
+        endpoint: number,
+        zclFrame: Zcl.Frame,
+        timeout: number,
+        disableResponse: boolean,
+        disableRecovery: boolean,
+        sourceEndpoint?: number,
+        profileId?: number,
+    ): Promise<Events.ZclPayload | undefined> {
+        const srcEndpoint = this.selectSourceEndpoint(sourceEndpoint, profileId);
+
+        return await this.queue.execute<Events.ZclPayload | undefined>(async () => {
+            this.checkInterpanLock();
+            return await this.sendZclFrameToEndpointInternal(
+                ieeeAddr,
+                networkAddress,
+                endpoint,
+                srcEndpoint,
+                zclFrame,
+                timeout,
+                disableResponse,
+                disableRecovery,
+                0,
+                0,
+                false,
+                false,
+                false,
+                undefined,
+            );
+        }, networkAddress);
+    }
+
+    private async sendZclFrameToEndpointInternal(
+        ieeeAddr: string,
+        networkAddress: number,
+        endpoint: number,
+        sourceEndpoint: number,
+        zclFrame: Zcl.Frame,
+        timeout: number,
+        disableResponse: boolean,
+        disableRecovery: boolean,
+        responseAttempt: number,
+        dataRequestAttempt: number,
+        checkedNetworkAddress: boolean,
+        discoveredRoute: boolean,
+        assocRemove: boolean,
+        assocRestore?: {ieeeadr: string; nwkaddr: number; noderelation: number},
+    ): Promise<Events.ZclPayload | undefined> {
+        logger.debug(
+            `sendZclFrameToEndpointInternal ${ieeeAddr}:${networkAddress}/${endpoint} ` +
+                `(${responseAttempt},${dataRequestAttempt},${this.queue.count()})`,
+            NS,
+        );
+        let response = null;
+        const command = zclFrame.command;
+        if (command.response !== undefined && disableResponse === false) {
+            response = this.waitForInternal(
+                networkAddress,
+                endpoint,
+                zclFrame.header.frameControl.frameType,
+                Zcl.Direction.SERVER_TO_CLIENT,
+                zclFrame.header.transactionSequenceNumber,
+                zclFrame.cluster.ID,
+                command.response,
+                timeout,
+            );
+        } else if (!zclFrame.header.frameControl.disableDefaultResponse) {
+            response = this.waitForInternal(
+                networkAddress,
+                endpoint,
+                Zcl.FrameType.GLOBAL,
+                Zcl.Direction.SERVER_TO_CLIENT,
+                zclFrame.header.transactionSequenceNumber,
+                zclFrame.cluster.ID,
+                Zcl.Foundation.defaultRsp.ID,
+                timeout,
+            );
+        }
+
+        const dataConfirmResult = await this.dataRequest(
+            networkAddress,
+            endpoint,
+            sourceEndpoint,
+            zclFrame.cluster.ID,
+            Constants.AF.DEFAULT_RADIUS,
+            zclFrame.toBuffer(),
+            timeout,
+        );
+
+        if (dataConfirmResult !== ZnpCommandStatus.SUCCESS) {
+            // In case dataConfirm timesout (= null) or gives an error, try to recover
+            logger.debug(`Data confirm error (${ieeeAddr}:${networkAddress},${dataConfirmResult},${dataRequestAttempt})`, NS);
+            if (response !== null) response.cancel();
+
+            /**
+             * In case we did an assocRemove in the previous attempt and it still fails after this, assume that the
+             * coordinator is still the parent of the device (but for some reason the device is not available now).
+             * Re-add the device to the assoc table, otherwise we will never be able to reach it anymore.
+             */
+            if (assocRemove && assocRestore && this.supportsAssocAdd()) {
+                logger.debug(`assocAdd(${assocRestore.ieeeadr})`, NS);
+                await this.znp.request(Subsystem.UTIL, "assocAdd", assocRestore);
+                assocRestore = undefined;
+            }
+
+            const recoverableErrors = [
+                ZnpCommandStatus.NWK_NO_ROUTE,
+                ZnpCommandStatus.MAC_NO_ACK,
+                ZnpCommandStatus.MAC_CHANNEL_ACCESS_FAILURE,
+                ZnpCommandStatus.MAC_TRANSACTION_EXPIRED,
+                ZnpCommandStatus.BUFFER_FULL,
+                ZnpCommandStatus.MAC_NO_RESOURCES,
+            ];
+
+            if (dataRequestAttempt >= 4 || !recoverableErrors.includes(dataConfirmResult) || disableRecovery) {
+                throw new DataConfirmError(dataConfirmResult);
+            }
+
+            if (
+                dataConfirmResult === ZnpCommandStatus.MAC_CHANNEL_ACCESS_FAILURE ||
+                dataConfirmResult === ZnpCommandStatus.BUFFER_FULL ||
+                dataConfirmResult === ZnpCommandStatus.MAC_NO_RESOURCES
+            ) {
+                /**
+                 * MAC_CHANNEL_ACCESS_FAILURE: When many commands at once are executed we can end up in a MAC
+                 * channel access failure error. This is because there is too much traffic on the network.
+                 * Retry this command once after a cooling down period.
+                 * BUFFER_FULL: When many commands are executed at once the buffer can get full, wait
+                 * some time and retry.
+                 * MAC_NO_RESOURCES: Operation could not be completed because no memory resources are available,
+                 * wait some time and retry.
+                 */
+                await wait(2000);
+                return await this.sendZclFrameToEndpointInternal(
+                    ieeeAddr,
+                    networkAddress,
+                    endpoint,
+                    sourceEndpoint,
+                    zclFrame,
+                    timeout,
+                    disableResponse,
+                    disableRecovery,
+                    responseAttempt,
+                    dataRequestAttempt + 1,
+                    checkedNetworkAddress,
+                    discoveredRoute,
+                    assocRemove,
+                    assocRestore,
+                );
+            }
+
+            let doAssocRemove = false;
+            if (
+                !assocRemove &&
+                dataConfirmResult === ZnpCommandStatus.MAC_TRANSACTION_EXPIRED &&
+                dataRequestAttempt >= 1 &&
+                this.supportsAssocRemove()
+            ) {
+                const match = await this.znp.requestWithReply(Subsystem.UTIL, "assocGetWithAddress", {
+                    extaddr: ieeeAddr,
+                    nwkaddr: networkAddress,
+                });
+
+                if (match.payload.nwkaddr !== 0xfffe && match.payload.noderelation !== 255) {
+                    doAssocRemove = true;
+                    assocRestore = {ieeeadr: ieeeAddr, nwkaddr: networkAddress, noderelation: match.payload.noderelation};
+                }
+
+                assocRemove = true;
+            }
+
+            // NWK_NO_ROUTE: no network route => rediscover route
+            // MAC_NO_ACK: route may be corrupted
+            // MAC_TRANSACTION_EXPIRED: Mac layer is sleeping
+            if (doAssocRemove) {
+                /**
+                 * Since child aging is disabled on the firmware, when a end device is directly connected
+                 * to the coordinator and changes parent and the coordinator does not recevie this update,
+                 * it still thinks it's directly connected.
+                 * A discoverRoute() is not send out in this case, therefore remove it from the associated device
+                 * list and try again.
+                 * Note: assocRemove is a custom command, not available by default, only available on recent
+                 * z-stack-firmware firmware version. In case it's not supported by the coordinator we will
+                 * automatically timeout after 60000ms.
+                 */
+                logger.debug(`assocRemove(${ieeeAddr})`, NS);
+                await this.znp.request(Subsystem.UTIL, "assocRemove", {ieeeadr: ieeeAddr});
+            } else if (!discoveredRoute && dataRequestAttempt >= 1) {
+                discoveredRoute = true;
+                await this.discoverRoute(networkAddress);
+            } else if (!checkedNetworkAddress && dataRequestAttempt >= 1) {
+                // Figure out once if the network address has been changed.
+                try {
+                    checkedNetworkAddress = true;
+                    const actualNetworkAddress = await this.requestNetworkAddress(ieeeAddr);
+                    if (networkAddress !== actualNetworkAddress) {
+                        logger.debug("Failed because request was done with wrong network address", NS);
+                        discoveredRoute = true;
+                        networkAddress = actualNetworkAddress;
+                        await this.discoverRoute(actualNetworkAddress);
+                    } else {
+                        logger.debug("Network address did not change", NS);
+                    }
+                    /* v8 ignore start */
+                } catch {
+                    /* empty */
+                }
+                /* v8 ignore stop */
+            } else {
+                logger.debug("Wait 2000ms", NS);
+                await wait(2000);
+            }
+
+            return await this.sendZclFrameToEndpointInternal(
+                ieeeAddr,
+                networkAddress,
+                endpoint,
+                sourceEndpoint,
+                zclFrame,
+                timeout,
+                disableResponse,
+                disableRecovery,
+                responseAttempt,
+                dataRequestAttempt + 1,
+                checkedNetworkAddress,
+                discoveredRoute,
+                assocRemove,
+                assocRestore,
+            );
+        }
+
+        if (response !== null) {
+            try {
+                const result = await response.start().promise;
+                return result;
+            } catch (error) {
+                logger.debug(`Response timeout (${ieeeAddr}:${networkAddress},${responseAttempt})`, NS);
+                if (responseAttempt < 1 && !disableRecovery) {
+                    // No response could be because the radio of the end device is turned off:
+                    // Sometimes the coordinator does not properly set the PENDING flag.
+                    // Try to rewrite the device entry in the association table, this fixes it sometimes.
+                    const match = await this.znp.requestWithReply(Subsystem.UTIL, "assocGetWithAddress", {
+                        extaddr: ieeeAddr,
+                        nwkaddr: networkAddress,
+                    });
+                    logger.debug(
+                        `Response timeout recovery: Node relation ${match.payload.noderelation} (${ieeeAddr} / ${match.payload.nwkaddr})`,
+                        NS,
+                    );
+                    if (
+                        this.supportsAssocAdd() &&
+                        this.supportsAssocRemove() &&
+                        match.payload.nwkaddr !== 0xfffe &&
+                        match.payload.noderelation === 1
+                    ) {
+                        logger.debug(`Response timeout recovery: Rewrite association table entry (${ieeeAddr})`, NS);
+                        await this.znp.request(Subsystem.UTIL, "assocRemove", {ieeeadr: ieeeAddr});
+                        await this.znp.request(Subsystem.UTIL, "assocAdd", {
+                            ieeeadr: ieeeAddr,
+                            nwkaddr: networkAddress,
+                            noderelation: match.payload.noderelation,
+                        });
+                    }
+                    // No response could be of invalid route, e.g. when message is send to wrong parent of end device.
+                    await this.discoverRoute(networkAddress);
+                    return await this.sendZclFrameToEndpointInternal(
+                        ieeeAddr,
+                        networkAddress,
+                        endpoint,
+                        sourceEndpoint,
+                        zclFrame,
+                        timeout,
+                        disableResponse,
+                        disableRecovery,
+                        responseAttempt + 1,
+                        dataRequestAttempt,
+                        checkedNetworkAddress,
+                        discoveredRoute,
+                        assocRemove,
+                        assocRestore,
+                    );
+                }
+
+                throw error;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public async sendZclFrameToGroup(groupID: number, zclFrame: Zcl.Frame, sourceEndpoint?: number, profileId?: number): Promise<void> {
+        const srcEndpoint = this.selectSourceEndpoint(sourceEndpoint, profileId);
+
+        return await this.queue.execute<void>(async () => {
+            this.checkInterpanLock();
+            await this.dataRequestExtended(
+                AddressMode.ADDR_GROUP,
+                groupID,
+                0xff,
+                0,
+                srcEndpoint,
+                zclFrame.cluster.ID,
+                Constants.AF.DEFAULT_RADIUS,
+                zclFrame.toBuffer(),
+                3000,
+                true,
+            );
+
+            /**
+             * As a group command is not confirmed and thus immidiately returns
+             * (contrary to network address requests) we will give the
+             * command some time to 'settle' in the network.
+             */
+            await wait(200);
+        });
+    }
+
+    public async sendZclFrameToAll(
+        endpoint: number,
+        zclFrame: Zcl.Frame,
+        sourceEndpoint: number,
+        destination: BroadcastAddress,
+        profileId?: number,
+    ): Promise<void> {
+        const srcEndpoint = this.selectSourceEndpoint(sourceEndpoint, profileId);
+
+        return await this.queue.execute<void>(async () => {
+            this.checkInterpanLock();
+            await this.dataRequestExtended(
+                AddressMode.ADDR_16BIT,
+                destination,
+                endpoint,
+                0,
+                srcEndpoint,
+                zclFrame.cluster.ID,
+                Constants.AF.DEFAULT_RADIUS,
+                zclFrame.toBuffer(),
+                3000,
+                false,
+                0,
+            );
+
+            /**
+             * As a broadcast command is not confirmed and thus immidiately returns
+             * (contrary to network address requests) we will give the
+             * command some time to 'settle' in the network.
+             */
+            await wait(200);
+        });
+    }
+
+    public async addInstallCode(ieeeAddress: string, key: Buffer, hashed: boolean): Promise<void> {
+        assert(this.version.product !== ZnpVersion.ZStack12, "Install code is not supported for ZStack 1.2 adapter");
+        // TODO: always use 0x2? => const hashedKey = hashed ? key : ZSpec.Utils.aes128MmoHash(key);
+        const payload = {installCodeFormat: hashed ? 0x2 : 0x1, ieeeaddr: ieeeAddress, installCode: key};
+        await this.znp.request(Subsystem.APP_CNF, "bdbAddInstallCode", payload);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Event handlers
+     */
+    public onZnpClose(): void {
+        if (!this.closing) {
+            this.emit("disconnected");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private onZnpRecieved(object: ZpiObject): void {
+        if (object.type !== UnpiConstants.Type.AREQ) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (object.subsystem === Subsystem.ZDO) {
+            if (isMtCmdAreqZdo(object.command)) {
+                this.emit("zdoResponse", object.command.zdoClusterId, object.payload.zdo);
+            }
+
+            if (object.command.name === "tcDeviceInd") {
+                const payload: Events.DeviceJoinedPayload = {
+                    networkAddress: object.payload.nwkaddr,
+                    ieeeAddr: object.payload.extaddr,
+                };
+
+                this.emit("deviceJoined", payload);
+            } else if (object.command.name === "endDeviceAnnceInd") {
+                // TODO: better way???
+                if (Zdo.Buffalo.checkStatus<Zdo.ClusterId.END_DEVICE_ANNOUNCE>(object.payload.zdo)) {
+                    const zdoPayload = object.payload.zdo[1];
+                    // Only discover routes to end devices, if bit 1 of capabilities === 0 it's an end device.
+                    const isEndDevice = zdoPayload.capabilities.deviceType === 0;
+
+                    if (isEndDevice) {
+                        if (!this.deviceAnnounceRouteDiscoveryDebouncers.has(zdoPayload.nwkAddress)) {
+                            // If a device announces multiple times in a very short time, it makes no sense
+                            // to rediscover the route every time.
+                            const debouncer = debounce(
+                                () => {
+                                    this.queue
+                                        .execute<void>(async () => {
+                                            await this.discoverRoute(zdoPayload.nwkAddress, false).catch(() => {});
+                                        }, zdoPayload.nwkAddress)
+                                        .catch(() => {});
+                                },
+                                60 * 1000,
+                                {immediate: true},
+                            );
+                            this.deviceAnnounceRouteDiscoveryDebouncers.set(zdoPayload.nwkAddress, debouncer);
+                        }
+
+                        const debouncer = this.deviceAnnounceRouteDiscoveryDebouncers.get(zdoPayload.nwkAddress);
+                        assert(debouncer);
+                        debouncer();
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (object.command.name === "concentratorIndCb") {
+                // Some routers may change short addresses and the announcement
+                // is missed by the coordinator. This can happen when there are
+                // power outages or other interruptions in service. They may
+                // not send additional announcements, causing the device to go
+                // offline. However, those devices may instead send
+                // Concentrator Indicator Callback commands, which contain both
+                // the short and the long address allowing us to update our own
+                // mappings.
+                // https://e2e.ti.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-discussions-components-files/158/4403.zstacktask.c
+                // https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee-herdsman/issues/74
+                this.emit("zdoResponse", Zdo.ClusterId.NETWORK_ADDRESS_RESPONSE, [
+                    Zdo.Status.SUCCESS,
+                    {
+                        eui64: object.payload.extaddr,
+                        nwkAddress: object.payload.srcaddr,
+                        startIndex: 0,
+                        assocDevList: [],
+                    } as ZdoTypes.NetworkAddressResponse,
+                ]);
+            } else {
+                if (object.command.name === "leaveInd") {
+                    if (object.payload.rejoin) {
+                        logger.debug("Device leave: Got leave indication with rejoin=true, nothing to do", NS);
+                    } else {
+                        const payload: Events.DeviceLeavePayload = {
+                            networkAddress: object.payload.srcaddr,
+                            ieeeAddr: object.payload.extaddr,
+                        };
+
+                        this.emit("deviceLeave", payload);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (object.subsystem === Subsystem.AF) {
+                if (object.command.name === "incomingMsg" || object.command.name === "incomingMsgExt") {
+                    // TI ZNP API docs
+                    // ---------------
+                    // AF_INCOMING_MSG_EXT - SrcAddrMode
+                    // A value of 3 (i.e. the enumeration value for ‘afAddr64Bit’) indicates 8-
+                    // byte/64-bit address mode; otherwise, only the 2 LSB’s of the 8 bytes are
+                    // used to form a 2-byte short address.
+
+                    // Addr is currently parsed by Buffalo as Eui64 (`0x${string}`), but it's
+                    // possible future changes could read srcaddrmode and parse accordingly.
+                    // Prior tests also passed an integer (e.g. 2), so best to handle all cases.
+                    // If type is not a string, we assume a 16-bit address.
+
+                    const isEui64Addr = typeof object.payload.srcaddr === "string";
+
+                    const srcaddr =
+                        object.command.name === "incomingMsgExt" && object.payload.srcaddrmode !== 0x03
+                            ? isEui64Addr
+                                ? Number.parseInt(object.payload.srcaddr.slice(-4), 16)
+                                : object.payload.srcaddr
+                            : object.payload.srcaddr;
+
+                    // TI ZNP API docs suggest that payload.data should be zero length for messages
+                    // with huge data, but testing shows it is 3-bytes, the first two of which are
+                    // the 16-bit srcAddr.
+                    // Possibly zh is not parsing incomingMsgExt correctly. Just compare len with
+                    // payload length for now.
+                    //if (object.command.name === "incomingMsgExt" && object.payload.len > 0 && object.payload.data.length === 0) {
+
+                    if (object.command.name === "incomingMsgExt" && object.payload.data.length < object.payload.len) {
+                        // The ZNP will send incomingMsgExt (AF_INCOMING_MSG_EXT)
+                        // when data length is > about 223 bytes (or if INTER_PAN network
+                        // is used).
+                        //
+                        // In the first case, the data is not included in the payload, but
+                        // must be retrieved block by block from the ZNP buffer using the
+                        // AF_DATA_RETRIEVE message.
+
+                        this.queue
+                            .execute<void>(async () => {
+                                const data = await this.dataRetrieveAll(object.payload.timestamp, object.payload.len);
+                                if (data === undefined) {
+                                    logger.error("Failed to retrieve chunked payload for incomingMsgExt", NS);
+                                } else {
+                                    logger.debug(
+                                        `Retrieved ${data.length} bytes from huge data buffer for msg with timestamp ${object.payload.timestamp}`,
+                                        NS,
+                                    );
+                                    const payload: Events.ZclPayload = {
+                                        clusterID: object.payload.clusterid,
+                                        data: data,
+                                        header: Zcl.Header.fromBuffer(data),
+                                        address: srcaddr,
+                                        endpoint: object.payload.srcendpoint,
+                                        linkquality: object.payload.linkquality,
+                                        groupID: object.payload.groupid,
+                                        wasBroadcast: object.payload.wasbroadcast === 1,
+                                        destinationEndpoint: object.payload.dstendpoint,
+                                    };
+                                    this.waitress.resolve(payload);
+                                    this.emit("zclPayload", payload);
+                                }
+                            })
+                            .catch(() => {});
+                    } else {
+                        // incomingMsg OR incomingMsgExt with data
+                        // in the payload (i.e. INTER_PAN network)
+
+                        const payload: Events.ZclPayload = {
+                            clusterID: object.payload.clusterid,
+                            data: object.payload.data,
+                            header: Zcl.Header.fromBuffer(object.payload.data),
+                            address: srcaddr,
+                            endpoint: object.payload.srcendpoint,
+                            linkquality: object.payload.linkquality,
+                            groupID: object.payload.groupid,
+                            wasBroadcast: object.payload.wasbroadcast === 1,
+                            destinationEndpoint: object.payload.dstendpoint,
+                        };
+
+                        this.waitress.resolve(payload);
+                        this.emit("zclPayload", payload);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public async getNetworkParameters(): Promise<NetworkParameters> {
+        const result = await this.znp.requestWithReply(Subsystem.ZDO, "extNwkInfo", {});
+        return {
+            panID: result.payload.panid as number,
+            extendedPanID: result.payload.extendedpanid as string, // read as IEEEADDR, so `0x${string}`
+            channel: result.payload.channel as number,
+            /**
+             * Return a dummy nwkUpdateId of 0, the nwkUpdateId is used when changing channels however the
+             * zstack API does not allow to set this value. Instead it automatically increments the nwkUpdateId
+             * based on the value in the NIB.
+             * https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee-herdsman/pull/1280#discussion_r1947815987
+             */
+            nwkUpdateID: 0,
+        };
+    }
+
+    public async supportsBackup(): Promise<boolean> {
+        return await Promise.resolve(true);
+    }
+
+    public async backup(ieeeAddressesInDatabase: string[]): Promise<Models.Backup> {
+        return await this.adapterManager.backup.createBackup(ieeeAddressesInDatabase);
+    }
+
+    public async setChannelInterPAN(channel: number): Promise<void> {
+        return await this.queue.execute<void>(async () => {
+            this.interpanLock = true;
+            await this.znp.request(Subsystem.AF, "interPanCtl", {cmd: 1, data: [channel]});
+
+            if (!this.interpanEndpointRegistered) {
+                // Make sure that endpoint 12 is registered to proxy the InterPAN messages.
+                await this.znp.request(Subsystem.AF, "interPanCtl", {cmd: 2, data: [12]});
+                this.interpanEndpointRegistered = true;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    public async sendZclFrameInterPANToIeeeAddr(zclFrame: Zcl.Frame, ieeeAddr: string): Promise<void> {
+        return await this.queue.execute<void>(async () => {
+            await this.dataRequestExtended(
+                AddressMode.ADDR_64BIT,
+                ieeeAddr,
+                0xfe,
+                0xffff,
+                12,
+                zclFrame.cluster.ID,
+                30,
+                zclFrame.toBuffer(),
+                10000,
+                false,
+            );
+        });
+    }
+
+    public async sendZclFrameInterPANBroadcast(zclFrame: Zcl.Frame, timeout: number, disableResponse: false): Promise<Events.ZclPayload>;
+    public async sendZclFrameInterPANBroadcast(zclFrame: Zcl.Frame, timeout: number, disableResponse: true): Promise<undefined>;
+    public async sendZclFrameInterPANBroadcast(
+        zclFrame: Zcl.Frame,
+        timeout: number,
+        disableResponse: boolean,
+    ): Promise<Events.ZclPayload | undefined> {
+        return await this.queue.execute<Events.ZclPayload | undefined>(async () => {
+            const command = zclFrame.command;
+            if (!disableResponse && command.response === undefined) {
+                throw new Error(`Command '${command.name}' has no response, cannot wait for response`);
+            }
+
+            let response: ReturnType<typeof this.waitForInternal> | undefined;
+
+            if (!disableResponse && command.response !== undefined) {
+                response = this.waitForInternal(
+                    undefined,
+                    0xfe,
+                    zclFrame.header.frameControl.frameType,
+                    Zcl.Direction.SERVER_TO_CLIENT,
+                    undefined,
+                    zclFrame.cluster.ID,
+                    command.response,
+                    timeout,
+                );
+            }
+
+            try {
+                await this.dataRequestExtended(
+                    AddressMode.ADDR_16BIT,
+                    0xffff,
+                    0xfe,
+                    0xffff,
+                    12,
+                    zclFrame.cluster.ID,
+                    30,
+                    zclFrame.toBuffer(),
+                    10000,
+                    false,
+                );
+            } catch (error) {
+                response?.cancel();
+                throw error;
+            }
+
+            if (response) {
+                return await response.start().promise;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    public async restoreChannelInterPAN(): Promise<void> {
+        return await this.queue.execute<void>(async () => {
+            await this.znp.request(Subsystem.AF, "interPanCtl", {cmd: 0, data: []});
+            // Give adapter some time to restore, otherwise stuff crashes
+            await wait(3000);
+            this.interpanLock = false;
+        });
+    }
+
+    private waitForInternal(
+        networkAddress: number | undefined,
+        endpoint: number,
+        frameType: Zcl.FrameType,
+        direction: Zcl.Direction,
+        transactionSequenceNumber: number | undefined,
+        clusterID: number,
+        commandIdentifier: number,
+        timeout: number,
+    ): {start: () => {promise: Promise<Events.ZclPayload>}; cancel: () => void} {
+        const payload = {
+            address: networkAddress,
+            endpoint,
+            clusterID,
+            commandIdentifier,
+            frameType,
+            direction,
+            transactionSequenceNumber,
+        };
+
+        const waiter = this.waitress.waitFor(payload, timeout);
+        const cancel = (): void => this.waitress.remove(waiter.ID);
+        return {start: waiter.start, cancel};
+    }
+
+    public waitFor(
+        networkAddress: number | undefined,
+        endpoint: number,
+        frameType: Zcl.FrameType,
+        direction: Zcl.Direction,
+        transactionSequenceNumber: number | undefined,
+        clusterID: number,
+        commandIdentifier: number,
+        timeout: number,
+    ): {promise: Promise<Events.ZclPayload>; cancel: () => void} {
+        const waiter = this.waitForInternal(
+            networkAddress,
+            endpoint,
+            frameType,
+            direction,
+            transactionSequenceNumber,
+            clusterID,
+            commandIdentifier,
+            timeout,
+        );
+
+        return {cancel: waiter.cancel, promise: waiter.start().promise};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Private methods
+     */
+    private async dataRequest(
+        destinationAddress: number,
+        destinationEndpoint: number,
+        sourceEndpoint: number,
+        clusterID: number,
+        radius: number,
+        data: Buffer,
+        timeout: number,
+    ): Promise<number> {
+        const transactionID = this.nextTransactionID();
+        const response = this.znp.waitFor(Type.AREQ, Subsystem.AF, "dataConfirm", undefined, transactionID, undefined, timeout);
+
+        await this.znp.request(
+            Subsystem.AF,
+            "dataRequest",
+            {
+                dstaddr: destinationAddress,
+                destendpoint: destinationEndpoint,
+                srcendpoint: sourceEndpoint,
+                clusterid: clusterID,
+                transid: transactionID,
+                options: 0,
+                radius: radius,
+                len: data.length,
+                data: data,
+            },
+            response.ID,
+        );
+
+        let result = null;
+        try {
+            const dataConfirm = await response.start().promise;
+            result = dataConfirm.payload.status;
+        } catch {
+            result = DataConfirmTimeout;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private async dataRequestExtended(
+        addressMode: number,
+        destinationAddressOrGroupID: number | string,
+        destinationEndpoint: number,
+        panID: number,
+        sourceEndpoint: number,
+        clusterID: number,
+        radius: number,
+        data: Buffer,
+        timeout: number,
+        confirmation: boolean,
+        attemptsLeft = 5,
+    ): Promise<ZpiObject | undefined> {
+        const transactionID = this.nextTransactionID();
+        const response = confirmation
+            ? this.znp.waitFor(Type.AREQ, Subsystem.AF, "dataConfirm", undefined, transactionID, undefined, timeout)
+            : undefined;
+
+        await this.znp.request(
+            Subsystem.AF,
+            "dataRequestExt",
+            {
+                dstaddrmode: addressMode,
+                dstaddr: this.toAddressString(destinationAddressOrGroupID),
+                destendpoint: destinationEndpoint,
+                dstpanid: panID,
+                srcendpoint: sourceEndpoint,
+                clusterid: clusterID,
+                transid: transactionID,
+                options: 0, // TODO: why was this here? Constants.AF.options.DISCV_ROUTE,
+                radius,
+                len: data.length,
+                data: data,
+            },
+            response?.ID,
+        );
+
+        if (confirmation && response) {
+            const dataConfirm = await response.start().promise;
+            if (dataConfirm.payload.status !== ZnpCommandStatus.SUCCESS) {
+                if (
+                    attemptsLeft > 0 &&
+                    (dataConfirm.payload.status === ZnpCommandStatus.MAC_CHANNEL_ACCESS_FAILURE ||
+                        dataConfirm.payload.status === ZnpCommandStatus.BUFFER_FULL)
+                ) {
+                    /**
+                     * 225: When many commands at once are executed we can end up in a MAC channel access failure
+                     * error. This is because there is too much traffic on the network.
+                     * Retry this command once after a cooling down period.
+                     */
+                    await wait(2000);
+                    return await this.dataRequestExtended(
+                        addressMode,
+                        destinationAddressOrGroupID,
+                        destinationEndpoint,
+                        panID,
+                        sourceEndpoint,
+                        clusterID,
+                        radius,
+                        data,
+                        timeout,
+                        confirmation,
+                        attemptsLeft - 1,
+                    );
+                }
+
+                throw new DataConfirmError(dataConfirm.payload.status);
+            }
+
+            return dataConfirm;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private nextTransactionID(): number {
+        this.transactionID++;
+
+        if (this.transactionID > 255) {
+            this.transactionID = 1;
+        }
+
+        return this.transactionID;
+    }
+
+    private toAddressString(address: number | string): string {
+        return typeof address === "number" ? `0x${address.toString(16).padStart(16, "0")}` : address.toString();
+    }
+
+    private waitressTimeoutFormatter(matcher: WaitressMatcher, timeout: number): string {
+        return (
+            `Timeout - ${matcher.address} - ${matcher.endpoint}` +
+            ` - ${matcher.transactionSequenceNumber} - ${matcher.clusterID}` +
+            ` - ${matcher.commandIdentifier} after ${timeout}ms`
+        );
+    }
+
+    private waitressValidator(payload: Events.ZclPayload, matcher: WaitressMatcher): boolean {
+        return Boolean(
+            payload.header &&
+                (!matcher.address || payload.address === matcher.address) &&
+                payload.endpoint === matcher.endpoint &&
+                (matcher.transactionSequenceNumber === undefined || payload.header.transactionSequenceNumber === matcher.transactionSequenceNumber) &&
+                payload.clusterID === matcher.clusterID &&
+                matcher.frameType === payload.header.frameControl.frameType &&
+                matcher.commandIdentifier === payload.header.commandIdentifier &&
+                matcher.direction === payload.header.frameControl.direction,
+        );
+    }
+
+    private checkInterpanLock(): void {
+        if (this.interpanLock) {
+            throw new Error("Cannot execute command, in Inter-PAN mode");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private selectSourceEndpoint(sourceEndpoint?: number, profileId?: number): number {
+        // Use provided sourceEndpoint as the highest priority
+        let srcEndpoint = sourceEndpoint;
+        // If sourceEndpoint is not provided, try to select the source endpoint based on the profileId.
+        if (srcEndpoint === undefined && profileId !== undefined) {
+            srcEndpoint = Endpoints.find((e) => e.appprofid === profileId)?.endpoint;
+        }
+        //If no profileId is provided, or if no corresponding endpoint exists, use endpoint 1.
+        if (srcEndpoint === undefined) {
+            srcEndpoint = 1;
+        }
+
+        // Validate that the requested profileId can be satisfied by the adapter.
+        if (profileId !== undefined && Endpoints.find((e) => e.endpoint === srcEndpoint)?.appprofid !== profileId) {
+            throw new Error(`Profile ID ${profileId} is not supported by this adapter.`);
+        }
+
+        return srcEndpoint;
+    }
+}