@willbooster/tree-sitter-c-sharp 0.0.0-placeholder.0 → 1.0.0

package/grammar.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1879 @@
+/**
+ * @file C# grammar for tree-sitter
+ * @author Max Brunsfeld <maxbrunsfeld@gmail.com>
+ * @author Damien Guard <damieng@gmail.com>
+ * @author Amaan Qureshi <amaanq12@gmail.com>
+ * @license MIT
+ */
+
+/// <reference types="tree-sitter-cli/dsl" />
+// @ts-check
+
+const PREC = {
+  GENERIC: 19,
+  DOT: 18,
+  INVOCATION: 18,
+  POSTFIX: 18,
+  PREFIX: 17,
+  UNARY: 17,
+  CAST: 17,
+  RANGE: 16,
+  SWITCH: 15,
+  WITH: 14,
+  MULT: 13,
+  ADD: 12,
+  SHIFT: 11,
+  REL: 10,
+  EQUAL: 9,
+  AND: 8,
+  XOR: 7,
+  OR: 6,
+  LOGICAL_AND: 5,
+  LOGICAL_OR: 4,
+  COALESCING: 3,
+  CONDITIONAL: 2,
+  ASSIGN: 1,
+  SELECT: 0,
+};
+
+const decimalDigitSequence = /([0-9][0-9_]*[0-9]|[0-9])/;
+
+const stringEncoding = /(u|U)8/;
+
+// oxlint-disable-next-line unicorn/prefer-module -- This package is CommonJS, so tree-sitter loads grammar.js as CommonJS.
+module.exports = grammar({
+  name: 'c_sharp',
+
+  conflicts: ($) => [
+    [$._simple_name, $.generic_name],
+    [$._simple_name, $.type_parameter],
+    [$._simple_name, $.subpattern],
+
+    [$.tuple_element, $.type_pattern],
+    [$.tuple_element, $.using_variable_declarator],
+    [$.tuple_element, $.declaration_expression],
+
+    [$.tuple_pattern, $.parameter],
+    [$.tuple_pattern, $._simple_name],
+
+    [$.lvalue_expression, $._name],
+    [$.parameter, $.lvalue_expression],
+    // C# 14 null-conditional assignment: `obj?.x = v` requires
+    // `conditional_access_expression` to appear in both lvalue and
+    // non-lvalue contexts. Tree-sitter needs GLR for the decision.
+    [$.lvalue_expression, $.non_lvalue_expression],
+
+    [$.type, $.attribute],
+    [$.type, $.nullable_type],
+    [$.type, $.nullable_type, $.array_creation_expression],
+    [$.type, $._array_base_type],
+    [$.type, $._array_base_type, $.array_creation_expression],
+    [$.type, $.array_creation_expression],
+    [$.type, $._pointer_base_type],
+
+    [$.qualified_name, $.member_access_expression],
+    [$.qualified_name, $.explicit_interface_specifier],
+
+    [$._array_base_type, $.stackalloc_expression],
+
+    [$.constant_pattern, $.non_lvalue_expression],
+    [$.constant_pattern, $._expression_statement_expression],
+    [$.constant_pattern, $.lvalue_expression],
+    [$.constant_pattern, $._name],
+    [$.constant_pattern, $.lvalue_expression, $._name],
+
+    [$.type, $._name_invocation_pattern, $.recursive_pattern],
+    [$.attribute, $.type, $._name_invocation_pattern, $.recursive_pattern],
+
+    [$.parenthesized_pattern, $._parenthesized_pattern_with_designation],
+
+    [$.expression_element, $.argument],
+    [$.spread_element, $.range_expression],
+    [$.collection_expression, $.list_pattern],
+
+    [$._reserved_identifier, $.modifier],
+    [$._reserved_identifier, $.scoped_type],
+    [$._reserved_identifier, $.implicit_type],
+    [$._reserved_identifier, $.from_clause],
+    [$._reserved_identifier, $.implicit_type, $.var_pattern],
+    [$._reserved_identifier, $.type_parameter_constraint],
+    [$._reserved_identifier, $.parameter, $.scoped_type],
+    [$._reserved_identifier, $.parameter],
+    [$._simple_name, $.parameter],
+    [$.tuple_element, $.parameter, $.declaration_expression],
+    [$.parameter, $.tuple_element],
+
+    [$.event_declaration, $.variable_declarator],
+
+    [$.base_list],
+    [$.using_directive, $.modifier],
+    [$.using_directive],
+
+    [$._constructor_declaration_initializer, $._simple_name],
+
+    // For C# 14 extension declarations: `extension(scoped X x)` —
+    // `scoped` can be a parameter modifier, a scoped_type, or a
+    // reserved identifier (when there's no further type). Keep all
+    // three alive until later tokens disambiguate.
+    [$.receiver_parameter, $.scoped_type, $._reserved_identifier],
+  ],
+
+  externals: ($) => [
+    $._optional_semi,
+    $.interpolation_regular_start,
+    $.interpolation_verbatim_start,
+    $.interpolation_raw_start,
+    $.interpolation_start_quote,
+    $.interpolation_end_quote,
+    $.interpolation_open_brace,
+    $.interpolation_close_brace,
+    $.interpolation_string_content,
+    $.raw_string_start,
+    $.raw_string_end,
+    $.raw_string_content,
+    // C# 14: emitted by the scanner at '(' when forward-scanning shows a
+    // simple-lambda parameter list (at least one element has a parameter
+    // modifier) closed by ')=>'.
+    $._lambda_paren_open,
+  ],
+
+  extras: ($) => [
+    /[\s\u00A0\uFEFF\u3000]+/,
+    $.comment,
+    $.preproc_region,
+    $.preproc_endregion,
+    $.preproc_line,
+    $.preproc_pragma,
+    $.preproc_nullable,
+    $.preproc_error,
+    $.preproc_warning,
+    $.preproc_define,
+    $.preproc_undef,
+  ],
+
+  inline: ($) => [
+    $._namespace_member_declaration,
+    $._object_creation_type,
+    $._nullable_base_type,
+    $._parameter_type_with_modifiers,
+    $._top_level_item_no_statement,
+  ],
+
+  precedences: ($) => [
+    [$._anonymous_object_member_declarator, $._simple_name],
+    [$.block, $.initializer_expression],
+  ],
+
+  supertypes: ($) => [
+    $.declaration,
+    $.expression,
+    $.non_lvalue_expression,
+    $.lvalue_expression,
+    $.literal,
+    $.statement,
+    $.type,
+    $.type_declaration,
+    $.pattern,
+  ],
+
+  word: ($) => $._identifier_token,
+
+  rules: {
+    compilation_unit: ($) => seq(optional($.shebang_directive), repeat($._top_level_item)),
+
+    _top_level_item: ($) => prec(2, choice($._top_level_item_no_statement, $.global_statement)),
+
+    _top_level_item_no_statement: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        $.extern_alias_directive,
+        $.using_directive,
+        $.global_attribute,
+        alias($.preproc_if_in_top_level, $.preproc_if),
+        $._namespace_member_declaration,
+        $.file_scoped_namespace_declaration
+      ),
+
+    global_statement: ($) => prec(1, $.statement),
+
+    extern_alias_directive: ($) => seq('extern', 'alias', field('name', $.identifier), ';'),
+
+    using_directive: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        optional('global'),
+        'using',
+        choice(
+          seq(optional('unsafe'), field('name', $.identifier), '=', $.type),
+          seq(repeat(choice('static', 'unsafe')), $._name)
+        ),
+        ';'
+      ),
+
+    global_attribute: ($) => seq('[', choice('assembly', 'module'), ':', commaSep1($.attribute), optional(','), ']'),
+
+    attribute: ($) => seq(field('name', $._name), optional($.attribute_argument_list)),
+
+    attribute_argument_list: ($) => prec(-1, seq('(', commaSep($.attribute_argument), ')')),
+
+    attribute_argument: ($) =>
+      prec(-1, seq(optional(prec(1, seq(field('name', $.identifier), choice(':', '=')))), $.expression)),
+
+    attribute_list: ($) => seq('[', optional($.attribute_target_specifier), commaSep1($.attribute), optional(','), ']'),
+
+    _attribute_list: ($) => choice($.attribute_list, $.preproc_if_in_attribute_list),
+
+    // Higher precedence than `_reserved_identifier`: when both interpretations
+    // are valid (e.g. `[field :` could be `_reserved_identifier` followed by
+    // bogus `:`, or `attribute_target_specifier`), prefer the target-specifier
+    // reading. `_reserved_identifier` still wins when no `:` follows, so
+    // `[field]` continues to parse as collection_expression with identifier.
+    attribute_target_specifier: () =>
+      prec(1, seq(choice('field', 'event', 'method', 'param', 'property', 'return', 'type', 'typevar'), ':')),
+
+    _namespace_member_declaration: ($) => choice($.namespace_declaration, $.type_declaration),
+
+    namespace_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq('namespace', field('name', $._name), field('body', $.declaration_list), $._optional_semi),
+
+    file_scoped_namespace_declaration: ($) => seq('namespace', field('name', $._name), ';'),
+
+    type_declaration: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        $.class_declaration,
+        $.struct_declaration,
+        $.enum_declaration,
+        $.interface_declaration,
+        $.delegate_declaration,
+        $.record_declaration
+      ),
+
+    class_declaration: ($) => seq($._class_declaration_initializer, $._declaration_list_body),
+
+    _class_declaration_initializer: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        'class',
+        field('name', $.identifier),
+        repeat(choice($.type_parameter_list, $.parameter_list, $.base_list)),
+        repeat($.type_parameter_constraints_clause)
+      ),
+
+    struct_declaration: ($) => seq($._struct_declaration_initializer, $._declaration_list_body),
+
+    _struct_declaration_initializer: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        optional('ref'),
+        'struct',
+        field('name', $.identifier),
+        repeat(choice($.type_parameter_list, $.parameter_list, $.base_list)),
+        repeat($.type_parameter_constraints_clause)
+      ),
+
+    enum_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        $._enum_declaration_initializer,
+        choice(seq(field('body', $.enum_member_declaration_list), $._optional_semi), ';')
+      ),
+
+    _enum_declaration_initializer: ($) =>
+      seq(repeat($._attribute_list), repeat($.modifier), 'enum', field('name', $.identifier), optional($.base_list)),
+
+    enum_member_declaration_list: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        '{',
+        commaSep(choice($.enum_member_declaration, alias($.preproc_if_in_enum_member_declaration, $.preproc_if))),
+        optional(','),
+        '}'
+      ),
+
+    enum_member_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq(repeat($._attribute_list), field('name', $.identifier), optional(seq('=', field('value', $.expression)))),
+
+    interface_declaration: ($) => seq($._interface_declaration_initializer, $._declaration_list_body),
+
+    _interface_declaration_initializer: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        'interface',
+        field('name', $.identifier),
+        field('type_parameters', optional($.type_parameter_list)),
+        optional($.base_list),
+        repeat($.type_parameter_constraints_clause)
+      ),
+
+    delegate_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq($._delegate_declaration_initializer, repeat($.type_parameter_constraints_clause), ';'),
+
+    _delegate_declaration_initializer: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        'delegate',
+        field('type', $.type),
+        field('name', $.identifier),
+        field('type_parameters', optional($.type_parameter_list)),
+        field('parameters', $.parameter_list)
+      ),
+
+    record_declaration: ($) => seq($._record_declaration_initializer, $._declaration_list_body),
+
+    _record_declaration_initializer: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        'record',
+        optional(choice('class', 'struct')),
+        field('name', $.identifier),
+        repeat(choice($.type_parameter_list, $.parameter_list)),
+        optional(alias($.record_base, $.base_list)),
+        repeat($.type_parameter_constraints_clause)
+      ),
+
+    record_base: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        seq(':', commaSep1($._name)),
+        seq(':', $.primary_constructor_base_type, optional(seq(',', commaSep1($._name))))
+      ),
+
+    _declaration_list_body: ($) => choice(seq(field('body', $.declaration_list), $._optional_semi), ';'),
+
+    primary_constructor_base_type: ($) => seq(field('type', $._name), $.argument_list),
+
+    modifier: () =>
+      prec.right(
+        choice(
+          'abstract',
+          'async',
+          'const',
+          'extern',
+          'file',
+          'fixed',
+          'internal',
+          'new',
+          'override',
+          'partial',
+          'private',
+          'protected',
+          'public',
+          'readonly',
+          'required',
+          // 'ref',     // `ref` as a modifier can only be used on struct declarations. Other than that it's a ref type or a ref parameter in a declaration.
+          // 'scoped',  // `scoped` is either part of a scoped type or a scoped parameter. Both of which are handled outside of `modifier`.
+          'sealed',
+          'static',
+          'unsafe',
+          'virtual',
+          'volatile'
+        )
+      ),
+
+    type_parameter_list: ($) => seq('<', commaSep1($.type_parameter), '>'),
+
+    type_parameter: ($) => seq(repeat($._attribute_list), optional(choice('in', 'out')), field('name', $.identifier)),
+
+    base_list: ($) => seq(':', commaSep1(seq($.type, optional($.argument_list)))),
+
+    type_parameter_constraints_clause: ($) => seq('where', $.identifier, ':', commaSep1($.type_parameter_constraint)),
+
+    type_parameter_constraint: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        seq('class', optional('?')),
+        'struct',
+        'notnull',
+        'unmanaged',
+        $.constructor_constraint,
+        field('type', $.type)
+      ),
+
+    constructor_constraint: () => seq('new', '(', ')'),
+
+    operator_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        field('type', $.type),
+        optional($.explicit_interface_specifier),
+        'operator',
+        optional('checked'),
+        field(
+          'operator',
+          choice(
+            '!',
+            '~',
+            '++',
+            '--',
+            'true',
+            'false',
+            '+',
+            '-',
+            '*',
+            '/',
+            '%',
+            '^',
+            '|',
+            '&',
+            '<<',
+            '>>',
+            '>>>',
+            '==',
+            '!=',
+            '>',
+            '<',
+            '>=',
+            '<=',
+            // C# 14: user-defined compound assignment operators.
+            // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-14#user-defined-compound-assignment-operators
+            '+=',
+            '-=',
+            '*=',
+            '/=',
+            '%=',
+            '^=',
+            '|=',
+            '&=',
+            '<<=',
+            '>>=',
+            '>>>='
+          )
+        ),
+        field('parameters', $.parameter_list),
+        $._function_body
+      ),
+
+    conversion_operator_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        choice('implicit', 'explicit'),
+        repeat1(
+          choice(
+            // Intentionally structured this way for grammar size
+            $.explicit_interface_specifier,
+            'operator',
+            'checked'
+          )
+        ),
+        field('type', $.type),
+        field('parameters', $.parameter_list),
+        $._function_body
+      ),
+
+    declaration_list: ($) => seq('{', repeat($.declaration), '}'),
+
+    declaration: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        $.class_declaration,
+        $.struct_declaration,
+        $.enum_declaration,
+        $.delegate_declaration,
+        $.field_declaration,
+        $.method_declaration,
+        $.event_declaration,
+        $.event_field_declaration,
+        $.record_declaration,
+        $.constructor_declaration,
+        $.destructor_declaration,
+        $.indexer_declaration,
+        $.interface_declaration,
+        $.namespace_declaration,
+        $.operator_declaration,
+        $.conversion_operator_declaration,
+        $.property_declaration,
+        $.using_directive,
+        $.preproc_if,
+        $.extension_declaration
+      ),
+
+    // C# 14: extension declarations introduce extension methods, properties,
+    // and operators with a shared receiver inside a non-generic static class.
+    // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-14.0/extensions
+    //
+    //   extension_declaration:
+    //     'extension' type_parameter_list? '(' receiver_parameter ')'
+    //         type_parameter_constraints_clause* extension_body
+    //   extension_body: '{' extension_member_declaration* '}' ';'?
+    //   extension_member_declaration:
+    //     method_declaration | property_declaration | operator_declaration
+    //   receiver_parameter: attributes? parameter_modifiers? type identifier?
+    //
+    // `extension` is contextual; it is recognized as the start of an
+    // extension declaration when followed by `<` or `(` in declaration
+    // position. Use prec.dynamic so an identifier named `extension` in
+    // other positions still parses.
+    extension_declaration: ($) =>
+      prec.dynamic(
+        1,
+        seq(
+          repeat($._attribute_list),
+          'extension',
+          optional($.type_parameter_list),
+          '(',
+          $.receiver_parameter,
+          ')',
+          repeat($.type_parameter_constraints_clause),
+          $.extension_body
+        )
+      ),
+
+    receiver_parameter: ($) =>
+      seq(repeat($._attribute_list), $._parameter_type_with_modifiers, optional(field('name', $.identifier))),
+
+    extension_body: ($) => seq('{', repeat($._extension_member_declaration), '}', optional(';')),
+
+    _extension_member_declaration: ($) => choice($.method_declaration, $.property_declaration, $.operator_declaration),
+
+    field_declaration: ($) => seq(repeat($._attribute_list), repeat($.modifier), $.variable_declaration, ';'),
+
+    constructor_declaration: ($) => seq($._constructor_declaration_initializer, $._function_body),
+
+    _constructor_declaration_initializer: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        field('name', $.identifier),
+        field('parameters', $.parameter_list),
+        optional($.constructor_initializer)
+      ),
+
+    destructor_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        optional('extern'),
+        '~',
+        field('name', $.identifier),
+        field('parameters', $.parameter_list),
+        $._function_body
+      ),
+
+    method_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        field('returns', $.type),
+        optional($.explicit_interface_specifier),
+        field('name', $.identifier),
+        field('type_parameters', optional($.type_parameter_list)),
+        field('parameters', $.parameter_list),
+        repeat($.type_parameter_constraints_clause),
+        $._function_body
+      ),
+
+    event_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        'event',
+        field('type', $.type),
+        optional($.explicit_interface_specifier),
+        field('name', $.identifier),
+        choice(field('accessors', $.accessor_list), ';')
+      ),
+
+    event_field_declaration: ($) =>
+      prec.dynamic(1, seq(repeat($._attribute_list), repeat($.modifier), 'event', $.variable_declaration, ';')),
+
+    accessor_list: ($) => seq('{', repeat($.accessor_declaration), '}'),
+
+    accessor_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        field('name', choice('get', 'set', 'add', 'remove', 'init', $.identifier)),
+        $._function_body
+      ),
+
+    indexer_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        field('type', $.type),
+        optional($.explicit_interface_specifier),
+        'this',
+        field('parameters', $.bracketed_parameter_list),
+        choice(field('accessors', $.accessor_list), seq(field('value', $.arrow_expression_clause), ';'))
+      ),
+
+    bracketed_parameter_list: ($) => seq('[', sep(choice($.parameter, $._parameter_array), ','), ']'),
+
+    property_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        field('type', $.type),
+        optional($.explicit_interface_specifier),
+        field('name', $.identifier),
+        choice(
+          seq(field('accessors', $.accessor_list), optional(seq('=', field('value', $.expression), ';'))),
+          seq(field('value', $.arrow_expression_clause), ';')
+        )
+      ),
+
+    explicit_interface_specifier: ($) => prec(PREC.DOT, seq($._name, '.')),
+
+    parameter_list: ($) => seq('(', sep(choice($.parameter, $._parameter_array), ','), ')'),
+
+    _parameter_type_with_modifiers: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat(prec.left(alias(choice('this', 'scoped', 'ref', 'out', 'in', 'readonly'), $.modifier))),
+        field('type', $.type)
+      ),
+
+    parameter: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        optional($._parameter_type_with_modifiers),
+        field('name', $.identifier),
+        optional(seq('=', $.expression))
+      ),
+
+    _parameter_array: ($) =>
+      seq(repeat($._attribute_list), 'params', field('type', $.type), field('name', $.identifier)),
+
+    constructor_initializer: ($) => seq(':', choice('base', 'this'), $.argument_list),
+
+    argument_list: ($) => seq('(', commaSep($.argument), ')'),
+
+    tuple_pattern: ($) => seq('(', commaSep1(choice(field('name', $.identifier), $.discard, $.tuple_pattern)), ')'),
+
+    argument: ($) =>
+      prec(
+        1,
+        seq(
+          optional(seq(field('name', $.identifier), ':')),
+          optional(choice('ref', 'out', 'in')),
+          choice($.expression, $.declaration_expression)
+        )
+      ),
+
+    block: ($) => seq('{', repeat($.statement), '}'),
+
+    arrow_expression_clause: ($) => seq('=>', $.expression),
+
+    _function_body: ($) => choice(field('body', $.block), seq(field('body', $.arrow_expression_clause), ';'), ';'),
+
+    variable_declaration: ($) => seq(field('type', $.type), commaSep1($.variable_declarator)),
+
+    using_variable_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq(field('type', $.type), commaSep1(alias($.using_variable_declarator, $.variable_declarator))),
+
+    variable_declarator: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        choice(field('name', $.identifier), $.tuple_pattern),
+        optional($.bracketed_argument_list),
+        optional(seq('=', $.expression))
+      ),
+
+    using_variable_declarator: ($) => seq(field('name', $.identifier), optional(seq('=', $.expression))),
+
+    bracketed_argument_list: ($) => seq('[', commaSep1($.argument), optional(','), ']'),
+
+    qualified_identifier: ($) => sep1($.identifier, '.'),
+
+    _name: ($) => choice($.alias_qualified_name, $.qualified_name, $._simple_name),
+
+    alias_qualified_name: ($) => seq(field('alias', $.identifier), '::', field('name', $._simple_name)),
+
+    _simple_name: ($) => choice($.identifier, $.generic_name),
+
+    qualified_name: ($) => prec(PREC.DOT, seq(field('qualifier', $._name), '.', field('name', $._simple_name))),
+
+    generic_name: ($) => seq($.identifier, $.type_argument_list),
+
+    type_argument_list: ($) => seq('<', choice(repeat(','), commaSep1($.type)), '>'),
+
+    type: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        $.implicit_type,
+        $.array_type,
+        $._name,
+        $.nullable_type,
+        $.pointer_type,
+        $.function_pointer_type,
+        $.predefined_type,
+        $.tuple_type,
+        $.ref_type,
+        $.scoped_type
+      ),
+
+    implicit_type: () => prec.dynamic(1, 'var'),
+
+    array_type: ($) => seq(field('type', $._array_base_type), field('rank', $.array_rank_specifier)),
+
+    _array_base_type: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        $.array_type,
+        $._name,
+        $.nullable_type,
+        $.pointer_type,
+        $.function_pointer_type,
+        $.predefined_type,
+        $.tuple_type
+      ),
+
+    array_rank_specifier: ($) => seq('[', commaSep(optional($.expression)), ']'),
+
+    nullable_type: ($) => seq(field('type', $._nullable_base_type), '?'),
+
+    _nullable_base_type: ($) => choice($.array_type, $._name, $.predefined_type, $.tuple_type),
+
+    pointer_type: ($) => seq(field('type', $._pointer_base_type), '*'),
+
+    _pointer_base_type: ($) =>
+      choice($._name, $.nullable_type, $.pointer_type, $.function_pointer_type, $.predefined_type, $.tuple_type),
+
+    function_pointer_type: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        'delegate',
+        '*',
+        optional($.calling_convention),
+        '<',
+        repeat(seq($.function_pointer_parameter, ',')),
+        field('returns', $.type),
+        '>'
+      ),
+
+    calling_convention: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        'managed',
+        seq(
+          'unmanaged',
+          optional(seq('[', commaSep1(choice('Cdecl', 'Stdcall', 'Thiscall', 'Fastcall', $.identifier)), ']'))
+        )
+      ),
+
+    function_pointer_parameter: ($) => seq(optional(choice('ref', 'out', 'in')), field('type', $._ref_base_type)),
+
+    predefined_type: () =>
+      token(
+        choice(
+          'bool',
+          'byte',
+          'char',
+          'decimal',
+          'double',
+          'float',
+          'int',
+          'long',
+          'object',
+          'sbyte',
+          'short',
+          'string',
+          'uint',
+          'ulong',
+          'ushort',
+          'nint',
+          'nuint',
+          'void'
+        )
+      ),
+
+    ref_type: ($) => seq('ref', optional('readonly'), field('type', $.type)),
+
+    _ref_base_type: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        $.implicit_type,
+        $._name,
+        $.nullable_type,
+        $.array_type,
+        $.pointer_type,
+        $.function_pointer_type,
+        $.predefined_type,
+        $.tuple_type
+      ),
+
+    scoped_type: ($) => seq('scoped', field('type', $._scoped_base_type)),
+
+    _scoped_base_type: ($) => choice($._name, $.ref_type),
+
+    tuple_type: ($) => seq('(', commaSep2($.tuple_element), ')'),
+
+    tuple_element: ($) => seq(field('type', $.type), field('name', optional($.identifier))),
+
+    statement: ($) =>
+      prec(
+        1,
+        choice(
+          $.block,
+          $.break_statement,
+          $.checked_statement,
+          $.continue_statement,
+          $.do_statement,
+          $.empty_statement,
+          $.expression_statement,
+          $.fixed_statement,
+          $.for_statement,
+          $.return_statement,
+          $.lock_statement,
+          $.yield_statement,
+          $.switch_statement,
+          $.throw_statement,
+          $.try_statement,
+          $.unsafe_statement,
+          $.using_statement,
+          $.foreach_statement,
+          $.goto_statement,
+          $.labeled_statement,
+          $.if_statement,
+          $.while_statement,
+          $.local_declaration_statement,
+          $.local_function_statement,
+          alias($.preproc_if_in_top_level, $.preproc_if)
+        )
+      ),
+
+    break_statement: () => seq('break', ';'),
+
+    checked_statement: ($) => seq(choice('checked', 'unchecked'), $.block),
+
+    continue_statement: () => seq('continue', ';'),
+
+    do_statement: ($) =>
+      seq('do', field('body', $.statement), 'while', '(', field('condition', $.expression), ')', ';'),
+
+    empty_statement: () => ';',
+
+    expression_statement: ($) => seq($._expression_statement_expression, ';'),
+
+    fixed_statement: ($) => seq('fixed', '(', $.variable_declaration, ')', $.statement),
+
+    for_statement: ($) => seq('for', $._for_statement_conditions, field('body', $.statement)),
+
+    _for_statement_conditions: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        '(',
+        field('initializer', optional(choice($.variable_declaration, commaSep1($.expression)))),
+        ';',
+        field('condition', optional($.expression)),
+        ';',
+        field('update', optional(commaSep1($.expression))),
+        ')'
+      ),
+
+    return_statement: ($) => seq('return', optional($.expression), ';'),
+
+    lock_statement: ($) => seq('lock', '(', $.expression, ')', $.statement),
+
+    yield_statement: ($) => seq('yield', choice(seq('return', $.expression), 'break'), ';'),
+
+    switch_statement: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        'switch',
+        choice(seq('(', field('value', $.expression), ')'), field('value', $.tuple_expression)),
+        field('body', $.switch_body)
+      ),
+
+    switch_body: ($) => seq('{', repeat($.switch_section), '}'),
+
+    switch_section: ($) =>
+      prec.left(
+        seq(
+          choice(seq('case', choice($.expression, seq($.pattern, optional($.when_clause)))), 'default'),
+          ':',
+          repeat($.statement)
+        )
+      ),
+
+    throw_statement: ($) => seq('throw', optional($.expression), ';'),
+
+    try_statement: ($) => seq('try', field('body', $.block), repeat($.catch_clause), optional($.finally_clause)),
+
+    catch_clause: ($) =>
+      seq('catch', repeat(choice($.catch_declaration, $.catch_filter_clause)), field('body', $.block)),
+
+    catch_declaration: ($) => seq('(', field('type', $.type), optional(field('name', $.identifier)), ')'),
+
+    catch_filter_clause: ($) => seq('when', '(', $.expression, ')'),
+
+    finally_clause: ($) => seq('finally', $.block),
+
+    unsafe_statement: ($) => seq('unsafe', $.block),
+
+    using_statement: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        optional('await'),
+        'using',
+        '(',
+        choice(alias($.using_variable_declaration, $.variable_declaration), $.expression),
+        ')',
+        field('body', $.statement)
+      ),
+
+    foreach_statement: ($) => seq($._foreach_statement_initializer, field('body', $.statement)),
+
+    _foreach_statement_initializer: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        optional('await'),
+        'foreach',
+        '(',
+        choice(
+          seq(field('type', $.type), field('left', choice($.identifier, $.tuple_pattern))),
+          field('left', $.expression)
+        ),
+        'in',
+        field('right', $.expression),
+        ')'
+      ),
+
+    goto_statement: ($) => seq('goto', optional(choice('case', 'default')), optional($.expression), ';'),
+
+    labeled_statement: ($) => seq($.identifier, ':', $.statement),
+
+    if_statement: ($) =>
+      prec.right(
+        seq(
+          'if',
+          '(',
+          field('condition', $.expression),
+          ')',
+          field('consequence', $.statement),
+          optional(seq('else', field('alternative', $.statement)))
+        )
+      ),
+
+    while_statement: ($) => seq('while', '(', field('condition', $.expression), ')', field('body', $.statement)),
+
+    local_declaration_statement: ($) =>
+      seq(optional('await'), optional('using'), repeat($.modifier), $.variable_declaration, ';'),
+
+    local_function_statement: ($) =>
+      seq($._local_function_declaration, repeat($.type_parameter_constraints_clause), $._function_body),
+
+    _local_function_declaration: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat($._attribute_list),
+        repeat($.modifier),
+        field('type', $.type),
+        field('name', $.identifier),
+        field('type_parameters', optional($.type_parameter_list)),
+        field('parameters', $.parameter_list)
+      ),
+
+    pattern: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        $.constant_pattern,
+        $.declaration_pattern,
+        $.discard,
+        $.recursive_pattern,
+        $.var_pattern,
+        $.negated_pattern,
+        // This must come before plain parenthesized_pattern to create GLR conflict
+        prec.dynamic(1, alias($._parenthesized_pattern_with_designation, $.recursive_pattern)),
+        $.parenthesized_pattern,
+        $.relational_pattern,
+        $.or_pattern,
+        $.and_pattern,
+        $.list_pattern,
+        $.type_pattern
+      ),
+
+    // Uses '(' pattern ')' to create direct conflict with parenthesized_pattern
+    _parenthesized_pattern_with_designation: ($) => seq('(', $.pattern, ')', $._variable_designation),
+
+    constant_pattern: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        $.binary_expression,
+        $.default_expression,
+        $.interpolated_string_expression,
+        $.parenthesized_expression,
+        $.postfix_unary_expression,
+        $.prefix_unary_expression,
+        $.sizeof_expression,
+        $.tuple_expression,
+        $.typeof_expression,
+        $.member_access_expression,
+        alias($._name_invocation_pattern, $.invocation_expression),
+        alias($._complex_invocation_expression, $.invocation_expression),
+        $.cast_expression,
+        $._simple_name,
+        $.literal
+      ),
+
+    // Invocation with name - creates conflict with recursive_pattern's Name(positional_pattern_clause)
+    _name_invocation_pattern: ($) => seq(field('function', $._name), field('arguments', $.argument_list)),
+
+    // Invocation where function is not a simple name
+    _complex_invocation_expression: ($) =>
+      prec(
+        PREC.INVOCATION,
+        seq(
+          field(
+            'function',
+            choice(
+              $.member_access_expression,
+              $.element_access_expression,
+              $.invocation_expression,
+              $.parenthesized_expression,
+              $.conditional_access_expression,
+              $.cast_expression
+            )
+          ),
+          field('arguments', $.argument_list)
+        )
+      ),
+
+    discard: () => '_',
+
+    parenthesized_pattern: ($) => seq('(', $.pattern, ')'),
+
+    var_pattern: ($) => seq('var', $._variable_designation),
+
+    // No associativity: tree-sitter 0.27 resolves a precedence tie with a right-associative reduce as a shift, which
+    // makes `case int when x:` and `x is A or nameof(y)` read `when` and `(y)` as a variable designation.
+    // A name such as `A.B` in `R(A.B or C)` also parses as a constant pattern. Without the negative dynamic
+    // precedence, the reading depends on the other GLR stack versions alive at that point, so an incremental
+    // reparse can switch it without reporting a changed range.
+    type_pattern: ($) => prec.dynamic(-1, field('type', $.type)),
+
+    list_pattern: ($) =>
+      prec.right(
+        seq(
+          '[',
+          optional(seq(commaSep1(choice($.pattern, $.slice_pattern)), optional(','))),
+          ']',
+          optional($._variable_designation)
+        )
+      ),
+
+    // C# 11 slice pattern: `..` optionally followed by a subpattern that
+    // binds the captured slice. `[a, .. var rest, z]`, `[..]` (bare),
+    // `[.. List<int> rest]` (declaration_pattern), etc.
+    slice_pattern: ($) => prec.right(seq('..', optional($.pattern))),
+
+    recursive_pattern: ($) =>
+      prec.left(
+        choice(
+          // name followed by positional pattern WITH variable designation
+          prec.dynamic(
+            1,
+            seq(
+              field('type', $._name),
+              $.positional_pattern_clause,
+              optional($.property_pattern_clause),
+              $._variable_designation
+            )
+          ),
+          // name followed by positional pattern WITHOUT variable designation
+          prec.dynamic(
+            -1,
+            seq(field('type', $._name), $.positional_pattern_clause, optional($.property_pattern_clause))
+          ),
+          // positional pattern with variable designation (no type prefix)
+          prec.dynamic(1, seq($.positional_pattern_clause, $._variable_designation)),
+          // positional pattern without variable designation (no type prefix)
+          $.positional_pattern_clause,
+          // other type followed by pattern clauses (type is required here to avoid ambiguity)
+          seq(
+            field('type', $.type),
+            choice(seq($.positional_pattern_clause, optional($.property_pattern_clause)), $.property_pattern_clause),
+            optional($._variable_designation)
+          ),
+          // no type, just pattern clauses (no variable designation to avoid conflict with above)
+          seq(
+            choice(seq($.positional_pattern_clause, $.property_pattern_clause), $.property_pattern_clause),
+            optional($._variable_designation)
+          )
+        )
+      ),
+
+    positional_pattern_clause: ($) => prec(1, seq('(', optional(commaSep($.subpattern)), ')')),
+
+    property_pattern_clause: ($) => prec(1, seq('{', commaSep($.subpattern), optional(','), '}')),
+
+    subpattern: ($) => prec.right(seq(optional(choice(seq($.expression, ':'), seq($.identifier, ':'))), $.pattern)),
+
+    relational_pattern: ($) =>
+      choice(seq('<', $.expression), seq('<=', $.expression), seq('>', $.expression), seq('>=', $.expression)),
+
+    negated_pattern: ($) => seq('not', $.pattern),
+
+    and_pattern: ($) =>
+      prec.left(PREC.AND, seq(field('left', $.pattern), field('operator', 'and'), field('right', $.pattern))),
+
+    or_pattern: ($) =>
+      prec.left(PREC.OR, seq(field('left', $.pattern), field('operator', 'or'), field('right', $.pattern))),
+
+    declaration_pattern: ($) => seq(field('type', $.type), $._variable_designation),
+
+    _variable_designation: ($) =>
+      prec(1, choice($.discard, $.parenthesized_variable_designation, field('name', $.identifier))),
+
+    parenthesized_variable_designation: ($) => seq('(', commaSep($._variable_designation), ')'),
+
+    expression: ($) => choice($.non_lvalue_expression, $.lvalue_expression),
+
+    non_lvalue_expression: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        'base',
+        $.binary_expression,
+        $.interpolated_string_expression,
+        $.conditional_expression,
+        $.conditional_access_expression,
+        $.literal,
+        $._expression_statement_expression,
+        $.is_expression,
+        $.is_pattern_expression,
+        $.as_expression,
+        $.cast_expression,
+        $.checked_expression,
+        $.collection_expression,
+        $.switch_expression,
+        $.throw_expression,
+        $.default_expression,
+        $.lambda_expression,
+        $.with_expression,
+        $.sizeof_expression,
+        $.typeof_expression,
+        $.makeref_expression,
+        $.ref_expression,
+        // Address-of (see `_address_of_expression` below): aliased to
+        // `prefix_unary_expression` to preserve the public AST shape.
+        // Parallels `_pointer_indirection_expression` (the `*` operator),
+        // which is similarly aliased back into `lvalue_expression`.
+        alias($._address_of_expression, $.prefix_unary_expression),
+        $.reftype_expression,
+        $.refvalue_expression,
+        $.stackalloc_expression,
+        $.range_expression,
+        $.array_creation_expression,
+        $.anonymous_method_expression,
+        $.anonymous_object_creation_expression,
+        $.implicit_array_creation_expression,
+        $.implicit_object_creation_expression,
+        $.implicit_stackalloc_expression,
+        $.initializer_expression,
+        $.query_expression,
+        alias($.preproc_if_in_expression, $.preproc_if)
+      ),
+
+    lvalue_expression: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        'this',
+        $.member_access_expression,
+        $.tuple_expression,
+        $._simple_name,
+        $.element_access_expression,
+        alias($.bracketed_argument_list, $.element_binding_expression),
+        alias($._pointer_indirection_expression, $.prefix_unary_expression),
+        alias($._parenthesized_lvalue_expression, $.parenthesized_expression),
+        // C# 14 null-conditional assignment: `obj?.x = v`, `obj?[i] = v`.
+        // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-14#null-conditional-assignment
+        $.conditional_access_expression
+      ),
+
+    // Covers error CS0201: Only assignment, call, increment, decrement, await, and new object expressions can be used as a statement
+    _expression_statement_expression: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        $.assignment_expression,
+        $.invocation_expression,
+        $.postfix_unary_expression,
+        $.prefix_unary_expression,
+        $.await_expression,
+        $.object_creation_expression,
+        $.parenthesized_expression
+      ),
+
+    assignment_expression: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        field('left', $.lvalue_expression),
+        field('operator', choice('=', '+=', '-=', '*=', '/=', '%=', '&=', '^=', '|=', '<<=', '>>=', '>>>=', '??=')),
+        field('right', $.expression)
+      ),
+
+    binary_expression: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        ...[
+          ['&&', PREC.LOGICAL_AND],
+          ['||', PREC.LOGICAL_OR],
+          ['>>', PREC.SHIFT],
+          ['>>>', PREC.SHIFT],
+          ['<<', PREC.SHIFT],
+          ['&', PREC.AND],
+          ['^', PREC.XOR],
+          ['|', PREC.OR],
+          ['+', PREC.ADD],
+          ['-', PREC.ADD],
+          ['*', PREC.MULT],
+          ['/', PREC.MULT],
+          ['%', PREC.MULT],
+          ['<', PREC.REL],
+          ['<=', PREC.REL],
+          ['==', PREC.EQUAL],
+          ['!=', PREC.EQUAL],
+          ['>=', PREC.REL],
+          ['>', PREC.REL],
+        ].map(([operator, precedence]) =>
+          prec.left(
+            precedence,
+            seq(
+              field('left', $.expression),
+              // @ts-ignore
+              field('operator', operator),
+              field('right', $.expression)
+            )
+          )
+        ),
+        prec.right(
+          PREC.COALESCING,
+          seq(field('left', $.expression), field('operator', '??'), field('right', $.expression))
+        )
+      ),
+
+    postfix_unary_expression: ($) => prec(PREC.POSTFIX, seq($.expression, choice('++', '--', '!'))),
+
+    prefix_unary_expression: ($) =>
+      prec(
+        PREC.UNARY,
+        seq(
+          // `&` and `*` are intentionally NOT in this choice list:
+          //   * `&` → `_address_of_expression` (operand restricted to lvalue
+          //           — see comment on that rule for the #413 rationale)
+          //   * `*` → `_pointer_indirection_expression` (same shape,
+          //           restricted to lvalue, surfaced in `lvalue_expression`)
+          // Both are aliased back to `prefix_unary_expression` so the
+          // public AST is unaffected.
+          choice('++', '--', '+', '-', '!', '~', '^'),
+          $.expression
+        )
+      ),
+
+    _pointer_indirection_expression: ($) => prec.right(PREC.UNARY, seq('*', $.lvalue_expression)),
+
+    // Address-of is split out from `prefix_unary_expression` so that
+    // `&` can't act as a fallback when the lexer would otherwise
+    // emit `&&`. Its operand is restricted to an lvalue (same shape
+    // as the spec's `address-of-expression`). This is the fix for
+    // tree-sitter#413: `(a) && (b > 0)` was misparsed as
+    // `cast(a, &(&(b > 0)))` because the cast state accepted `&` as
+    // a unary start and the lexer split `&&` into two `&` tokens.
+    // With this split, `&` is only valid before an lvalue, which
+    // `(b > 0)` is not — so the cast interpretation can no longer
+    // consume the trailing parenthesized expression and `&&` must
+    // be emitted as a single token for the binary path to succeed.
+    _address_of_expression: ($) => prec.right(PREC.UNARY, seq('&', $.lvalue_expression)),
+
+    query_expression: ($) => seq($.from_clause, $._query_body),
+
+    from_clause: ($) => seq('from', optional(field('type', $.type)), field('name', $.identifier), 'in', $.expression),
+
+    _query_body: ($) =>
+      prec.right(sep1(seq(repeat($._query_clause), $._select_or_group_clause), seq('into', $.identifier))),
+
+    _query_clause: ($) => choice($.from_clause, $.join_clause, $.let_clause, $.order_by_clause, $.where_clause),
+
+    join_clause: ($) => seq('join', $._join_header, $._join_body, optional($.join_into_clause)),
+
+    _join_header: ($) => seq(optional(field('type', $.type)), $.identifier, 'in', $.expression),
+
+    _join_body: ($) => seq('on', $.expression, 'equals', $.expression),
+
+    join_into_clause: ($) => seq('into', $.identifier),
+
+    let_clause: ($) => seq('let', $.identifier, '=', $.expression),
+
+    order_by_clause: ($) => seq('orderby', commaSep1($._ordering)),
+
+    _ordering: ($) => seq($.expression, optional(choice('ascending', 'descending'))),
+
+    where_clause: ($) => seq('where', $.expression),
+
+    _select_or_group_clause: ($) => choice($.group_clause, $.select_clause),
+
+    group_clause: ($) => seq('group', $.expression, 'by', $.expression),
+
+    select_clause: ($) => seq('select', $.expression),
+
+    conditional_expression: ($) =>
+      prec.right(
+        PREC.CONDITIONAL,
+        seq(
+          field('condition', $.expression),
+          '?',
+          field('consequence', $.expression),
+          ':',
+          field('alternative', $.expression)
+        )
+      ),
+
+    conditional_access_expression: ($) =>
+      prec.right(
+        PREC.CONDITIONAL,
+        seq(
+          field('condition', $.expression),
+          '?',
+          choice($.member_binding_expression, alias($.bracketed_argument_list, $.element_binding_expression))
+        )
+      ),
+
+    as_expression: ($) =>
+      prec(PREC.REL, seq(field('left', $.expression), field('operator', 'as'), field('right', $.type))),
+
+    is_expression: ($) =>
+      prec(PREC.REL, seq(field('left', $.expression), field('operator', 'is'), field('right', $.type))),
+
+    is_pattern_expression: ($) =>
+      prec(PREC.REL, seq(field('expression', $.expression), 'is', field('pattern', $.pattern))),
+
+    cast_expression: ($) =>
+      prec(
+        PREC.CAST,
+        prec.dynamic(
+          1,
+          seq(
+            // higher than invocation, lower than binary
+            '(',
+            field('type', $.type),
+            ')',
+            field('value', $.expression)
+          )
+        )
+      ),
+
+    checked_expression: ($) => seq(choice('checked', 'unchecked'), '(', $.expression, ')'),
+
+    invocation_expression: ($) =>
+      prec(PREC.INVOCATION, seq(field('function', $.expression), field('arguments', $.argument_list))),
+
+    switch_expression: ($) => prec(PREC.SWITCH, seq($.expression, 'switch', $._switch_expression_body)),
+    _switch_expression_body: ($) => seq('{', commaSep($.switch_expression_arm), optional(','), '}'),
+
+    switch_expression_arm: ($) => seq($.pattern, optional($.when_clause), '=>', $.expression),
+
+    when_clause: ($) => seq('when', $.expression),
+
+    await_expression: ($) => prec.right(PREC.UNARY, seq('await', $.expression)),
+
+    throw_expression: ($) => seq('throw', $.expression),
+
+    element_access_expression: ($) =>
+      prec(PREC.POSTFIX, seq(field('expression', $.expression), field('subscript', $.bracketed_argument_list))),
+
+    interpolated_string_expression: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        seq(
+          alias($.interpolation_regular_start, $.interpolation_start),
+          alias($.interpolation_start_quote, '"'),
+          repeat($._interpolated_string_content),
+          alias($.interpolation_end_quote, '"')
+        ),
+        seq(
+          alias($.interpolation_verbatim_start, $.interpolation_start),
+          alias($.interpolation_start_quote, '"'),
+          repeat($._interpolated_verbatim_string_content),
+          alias($.interpolation_end_quote, '"')
+        ),
+        seq(
+          alias($.interpolation_raw_start, $.interpolation_start),
+          alias($.interpolation_start_quote, $.interpolation_quote),
+          repeat($._interpolated_raw_string_content),
+          alias($.interpolation_end_quote, $.interpolation_quote)
+        )
+      ),
+
+    _interpolated_string_content: ($) =>
+      choice(alias($.interpolation_string_content, $.string_content), $.escape_sequence, $.interpolation),
+
+    _interpolated_verbatim_string_content: ($) =>
+      choice(alias($.interpolation_string_content, $.string_content), $.interpolation),
+
+    _interpolated_raw_string_content: ($) =>
+      choice(alias($.interpolation_string_content, $.string_content), $.interpolation),
+
+    interpolation: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        alias($.interpolation_open_brace, $.interpolation_brace),
+        $.expression,
+        optional($.interpolation_alignment_clause),
+        optional($.interpolation_format_clause),
+        alias($.interpolation_close_brace, $.interpolation_brace)
+      ),
+
+    interpolation_alignment_clause: ($) => seq(',', $.expression),
+
+    interpolation_format_clause: () => seq(':', /[^}"]+/),
+
+    member_access_expression: ($) =>
+      prec(
+        PREC.DOT,
+        seq(
+          field('expression', choice($.expression, $.predefined_type, $._name)),
+          choice('.', '->'),
+          field('name', $._simple_name)
+        )
+      ),
+
+    member_binding_expression: ($) => seq('.', field('name', $._simple_name)),
+
+    object_creation_expression: ($) =>
+      prec.right(
+        seq(
+          'new',
+          field('type', $.type),
+          field('arguments', optional($.argument_list)),
+          field('initializer', optional($.initializer_expression))
+        )
+      ),
+
+    // inline
+    _object_creation_type: ($) => choice($._name, $.nullable_type, $.predefined_type),
+
+    parenthesized_expression: ($) => seq('(', $.non_lvalue_expression, ')'),
+
+    _parenthesized_lvalue_expression: ($) => seq('(', $.lvalue_expression, ')'),
+
+    lambda_expression: ($) =>
+      prec(-1, seq($._lambda_expression_init, '=>', field('body', choice($.block, $.expression)))),
+
+    _lambda_expression_init: ($) =>
+      prec(
+        -1,
+        seq(
+          repeat($._attribute_list),
+          repeat(prec(-1, alias(choice('static', 'async'), $.modifier))),
+          optional(field('type', $.type)),
+          field('parameters', $._lambda_parameters)
+        )
+      ),
+
+    _lambda_parameters: ($) =>
+      prec(
+        -1,
+        choice(
+          $.parameter_list,
+          alias($.identifier, $.implicit_parameter),
+          // C# 14: `(ref x) => x`, `(out y) => ...`, `(text, out result) => ...`
+          // The opening '(' is recognized via the external _lambda_paren_open
+          // token, which the scanner only emits when it can confirm a closing
+          // ')=>' follows a parameter list containing at least one modifier.
+          $._implicit_parameter_list_with_modifiers
+        )
+      ),
+
+    // C# 14 simple-lambda parameter list with modifiers. Each element is
+    // either a bare identifier or one or more modifiers (scoped/ref/out/in/
+    // readonly) followed by an identifier. The opening token is the
+    // external _lambda_paren_open; the closing ')' is the regular literal.
+    _implicit_parameter_list_with_modifiers: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        $._lambda_paren_open,
+        commaSep1(
+          choice(
+            seq(
+              repeat1(alias(choice('scoped', 'ref', 'out', 'in', 'readonly'), $.modifier)),
+              alias($.identifier, $.implicit_parameter)
+            ),
+            alias($.identifier, $.implicit_parameter)
+          )
+        ),
+        ')'
+      ),
+
+    array_creation_expression: ($) =>
+      prec.dynamic(PREC.UNARY, seq('new', field('type', $.array_type), optional($.initializer_expression))),
+
+    anonymous_method_expression: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        repeat(prec(-1, alias(choice('static', 'async'), $.modifier))),
+        'delegate',
+        optional(field('parameters', $.parameter_list)),
+        $.block
+      ),
+
+    anonymous_object_creation_expression: ($) =>
+      seq('new', '{', commaSep($._anonymous_object_member_declarator), optional(','), '}'),
+
+    _anonymous_object_member_declarator: ($) => choice(seq($.identifier, '=', $.expression), $.expression),
+
+    implicit_array_creation_expression: ($) => seq('new', '[', repeat(','), ']', $.initializer_expression),
+
+    implicit_object_creation_expression: ($) =>
+      prec.right(seq('new', $.argument_list, optional($.initializer_expression))),
+
+    implicit_stackalloc_expression: ($) => seq('stackalloc', '[', ']', $.initializer_expression),
+
+    collection_expression: ($) => seq('[', optional(seq(commaSep1($.collection_element), optional(','))), ']'),
+
+    collection_element: ($) => choice($.expression_element, $.spread_element),
+
+    expression_element: ($) => prec(1, $.expression),
+
+    spread_element: ($) => prec.dynamic(1, prec(PREC.RANGE, seq('..', $.expression))),
+
+    initializer_expression: ($) => seq('{', commaSep($.expression), optional(','), '}'),
+
+    declaration_expression: ($) => prec.dynamic(1, seq(field('type', $.type), field('name', $.identifier))),
+
+    default_expression: ($) => prec.right(seq('default', optional(seq('(', field('type', $.type), ')')))),
+
+    with_expression: ($) => prec.left(PREC.WITH, seq($.expression, 'with', $._with_body)),
+    _with_body: ($) => seq('{', commaSep($.with_initializer), optional(','), '}'),
+
+    with_initializer: ($) => seq($.identifier, '=', $.expression),
+
+    sizeof_expression: ($) => seq('sizeof', '(', field('type', $.type), ')'),
+
+    typeof_expression: ($) => seq('typeof', '(', field('type', $.type), ')'),
+
+    makeref_expression: ($) => seq('__makeref', '(', $.expression, ')'),
+
+    ref_expression: ($) => seq('ref', $.expression),
+
+    reftype_expression: ($) => seq('__reftype', '(', $.expression, ')'),
+
+    refvalue_expression: ($) => seq('__refvalue', '(', field('value', $.expression), ',', field('type', $.type), ')'),
+
+    stackalloc_expression: ($) =>
+      prec.left(seq('stackalloc', field('type', $.array_type), optional($.initializer_expression))),
+
+    range_expression: ($) => prec.right(PREC.RANGE, seq(optional($.expression), '..', optional($.expression))),
+
+    tuple_expression: ($) => seq('(', commaSep2($.argument), ')'),
+
+    literal: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        $.null_literal,
+        $.character_literal,
+        $.integer_literal,
+        $.real_literal,
+        $.boolean_literal,
+        $.string_literal,
+        $.verbatim_string_literal,
+        $.raw_string_literal
+      ),
+
+    null_literal: () => 'null',
+
+    character_literal: ($) => seq("'", choice($.character_literal_content, $.escape_sequence), "'"),
+
+    character_literal_content: () => token.immediate(/[^'\\]/),
+
+    integer_literal: () =>
+      token(
+        seq(
+          choice(
+            decimalDigitSequence, // Decimal
+            /0[xX][0-9a-fA-F_]*[0-9a-fA-F]+/, // Hex
+            /0[bB][01_]*[01]+/ // Binary
+          ),
+          optional(/([uU][lL]?|[lL][uU]?)/)
+        )
+      ),
+
+    real_literal: () => {
+      const suffix = /[fFdDmM]/;
+      const exponent = /[eE][+-]?[0-9][0-9_]*/;
+      return token(
+        choice(
+          seq(decimalDigitSequence, '.', decimalDigitSequence, optional(exponent), optional(suffix)),
+          seq('.', decimalDigitSequence, optional(exponent), optional(suffix)),
+          seq(decimalDigitSequence, exponent, optional(suffix)),
+          seq(decimalDigitSequence, suffix)
+        )
+      );
+    },
+
+    string_literal: ($) =>
+      seq('"', repeat(choice($.string_literal_content, $.escape_sequence)), '"', optional($.string_literal_encoding)),
+
+    string_literal_content: () => token.immediate(prec(1, /[^"\\\n]+/)),
+
+    escape_sequence: () =>
+      token(choice(/\\x[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}/, /\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4}/, /\\U[0-9a-fA-F]{8}/, /\\[abefnrtv'"\\?0]/)),
+
+    string_literal_encoding: () => token.immediate(stringEncoding),
+
+    verbatim_string_literal: () => token(seq('@"', repeat(choice(/[^"]/, '""')), '"', optional(stringEncoding))),
+
+    raw_string_literal: ($) =>
+      seq($.raw_string_start, $.raw_string_content, $.raw_string_end, optional(stringEncoding)),
+
+    boolean_literal: () => choice('true', 'false'),
+
+    _identifier_token: () =>
+      token(
+        seq(
+          optional('@'),
+          /(\p{XID_Start}|_|\\u[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}|\\U[0-9A-Fa-f]{8})(\p{XID_Continue}|\\u[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}|\\U[0-9A-Fa-f]{8})*/u
+        )
+      ),
+    identifier: ($) => choice($._identifier_token, $._reserved_identifier),
+
+    _reserved_identifier: () =>
+      choice(
+        'alias',
+        'ascending',
+        'by',
+        'descending',
+        'equals',
+        // attribute_target_specifier keywords — contextual only when followed
+        // by `:` in `[target: Attr]` position. Anywhere else they're
+        // identifiers. Without listing them here the LR table preferred the
+        // literal-keyword interpretation, breaking `[type]`, `[field]`, etc.
+        // as collection_expression elements. Excludes `'event'` and `'return'`
+        // from the attribute_target_specifier choice — those are real C#
+        // keywords and must not be accepted as identifiers anywhere else.
+        'field',
+        'file',
+        'from',
+        'global',
+        'group',
+        'into',
+        'join',
+        'let',
+        'method',
+        'notnull',
+        'on',
+        'orderby',
+        'param',
+        'property',
+        'scoped',
+        'select',
+        'type',
+        'typevar',
+        'unmanaged',
+        'var',
+        'when',
+        'where',
+        'yield'
+      ),
+
+    // Preprocessor
+
+    ...preprocIf('', ($) => $.declaration),
+    ...preprocIf('_in_top_level', ($) => choice($._top_level_item_no_statement, $.statement)),
+    ...preprocIf('_in_expression', ($) => $.expression, -2, false),
+    ...preprocIf('_in_enum_member_declaration', ($) => $.enum_member_declaration, 0, false),
+    ...preprocIf('_in_attribute_list', ($) => $.attribute_list, -1, false),
+
+    preproc_arg: () => token(prec(-1, /\S([^/\n]|\/[^*]|\\\r?\n)*/)),
+    preproc_directive: () => /#[ \t]*[a-zA-Z0-9]\w*/,
+
+    _preproc_expression: ($) =>
+      choice(
+        $.identifier,
+        $.boolean_literal,
+        $.integer_literal,
+        $.character_literal,
+        alias($.preproc_unary_expression, $.unary_expression),
+        alias($.preproc_binary_expression, $.binary_expression),
+        alias($.preproc_parenthesized_expression, $.parenthesized_expression)
+      ),
+
+    preproc_parenthesized_expression: ($) => seq('(', $._preproc_expression, ')'),
+
+    preproc_unary_expression: ($) =>
+      prec.left(PREC.UNARY, seq(field('operator', '!'), field('argument', $._preproc_expression))),
+
+    preproc_binary_expression: ($) => {
+      const table = [
+        ['||', PREC.LOGICAL_OR],
+        ['&&', PREC.LOGICAL_AND],
+        ['==', PREC.EQUAL],
+        ['!=', PREC.EQUAL],
+      ];
+
+      return choice(
+        ...table.map(([operator, precedence]) => {
+          return prec.left(
+            precedence,
+            seq(
+              field('left', $._preproc_expression),
+              // @ts-ignore
+              field('operator', operator),
+              field('right', $._preproc_expression)
+            )
+          );
+        })
+      );
+    },
+
+    preproc_region: ($) => seq(preprocessor('region'), optional(field('content', $.preproc_arg)), /\n/),
+
+    preproc_endregion: ($) => seq(preprocessor('endregion'), optional(field('content', $.preproc_arg)), /\n/),
+
+    preproc_line: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        preprocessor('line'),
+        choice(
+          'default',
+          'hidden',
+          seq($.integer_literal, optional($.string_literal)),
+          seq(
+            '(',
+            $.integer_literal,
+            ',',
+            $.integer_literal,
+            ')',
+            '-',
+            '(',
+            $.integer_literal,
+            ',',
+            $.integer_literal,
+            ')',
+            optional($.integer_literal),
+            $.string_literal
+          )
+        ),
+        /\n/
+      ),
+
+    preproc_pragma: ($) =>
+      seq(
+        preprocessor('pragma'),
+        choice(
+          seq('warning', choice('disable', 'restore'), commaSep(choice($.identifier, $.integer_literal))),
+          seq('checksum', $.string_literal, $.string_literal, $.string_literal)
+        ),
+        /\n/
+      ),
+
+    preproc_nullable: () =>
+      seq(
+        preprocessor('nullable'),
+        choice('enable', 'disable', 'restore'),
+        optional(choice('annotations', 'warnings')),
+        /\n/
+      ),
+
+    preproc_error: ($) => seq(preprocessor('error'), $.preproc_arg, /\n/),
+
+    preproc_warning: ($) => seq(preprocessor('warning'), $.preproc_arg, /\n/),
+
+    preproc_define: ($) => seq(preprocessor('define'), $.preproc_arg, /\n/),
+
+    preproc_undef: ($) => seq(preprocessor('undef'), $.preproc_arg, /\n/),
+
+    shebang_directive: () => token(seq('#!', /.*/)),
+
+    comment: () => token(choice(seq('//', /[^\n\r]*/), seq('/*', /[^*]*\*+([^/*][^*]*\*+)*/, '/'))),
+  },
+});
+
+/**
+ * Creates a preprocessor regex rule
+ *
+ * @param {string} command
+ *
+ * @returns {AliasRule}
+ */
+function preprocessor(command) {
+  return alias(new RegExp('#[ \t]*' + command), '#' + command);
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {string} suffix
+ *
+ * @param {RuleBuilder<string>} content
+ *
+ * @param {number} precedence
+ *
+ * @param {boolean} rep
+ *
+ * @returns {RuleBuilders<string, string>}
+ */
+function preprocIf(suffix, content, precedence = 0, rep = true) {
+  /**
+   *
+   * @param {GrammarSymbols<string>} $
+   *
+   * @returns {ChoiceRule}
+   */
+  function alternativeBlock($) {
+    return choice(
+      suffix ? alias($['preproc_else' + suffix], $.preproc_else) : $.preproc_else,
+      suffix ? alias($['preproc_elif' + suffix], $.preproc_elif) : $.preproc_elif
+    );
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ['preproc_if' + suffix]: ($) =>
+      prec(
+        precedence,
+        seq(
+          preprocessor('if'),
+          field('condition', $._preproc_expression),
+          /\n/,
+          rep ? repeat(content($)) : optional(content($)),
+          field('alternative', optional(alternativeBlock($))),
+          preprocessor('endif')
+        )
+      ),
+
+    ['preproc_else' + suffix]: ($) =>
+      prec(precedence, seq(preprocessor('else'), rep ? repeat(content($)) : optional(content($)))),
+
+    ['preproc_elif' + suffix]: ($) =>
+      prec(
+        precedence,
+        seq(
+          preprocessor('elif'),
+          field('condition', $._preproc_expression),
+          /\n/,
+          rep ? repeat(content($)) : optional(content($)),
+          field('alternative', optional(alternativeBlock($)))
+        )
+      ),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a rule to match one or more of the rules separated by a comma
+ *
+ * @param {Rule} rule
+ *
+ * @returns {SeqRule}
+ */
+function commaSep1(rule) {
+  return seq(rule, repeat(seq(',', rule)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a rule to match two or more of the rules separated by a comma
+ *
+ * @param {Rule} rule
+ *
+ * @returns {SeqRule}
+ */
+function commaSep2(rule) {
+  return seq(rule, repeat1(seq(',', rule)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a rule to optionally match one or more of the rules separated by a comma
+ *
+ * @param {Rule} rule
+ *
+ * @returns {ChoiceRule}
+ */
+function commaSep(rule) {
+  return optional(commaSep1(rule));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a rule to match one or more of the rules separated by `separator`
+ *
+ * @param {RuleOrLiteral} rule
+ *
+ * @param {RuleOrLiteral} separator
+ *
+ * @returns {SeqRule}
+ */
+function sep1(rule, separator) {
+  return seq(rule, repeat(seq(separator, rule)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a rule to optionally match one or more of the rules separated by `separator`
+ *
+ * @param {RuleOrLiteral} rule
+ *
+ * @param {RuleOrLiteral} separator
+ *
+ * @returns {ChoiceRule}
+ */
+function sep(rule, separator) {
+  return optional(sep1(rule, separator));
+}