@wasm-gaming/fbneo-wasm 0.1.2 → 0.2.0

package/src/fbneo.sdk.ts

@@ -1,256 +1,688 @@
-import type {
-  AssetData,
-  EngineConfig,
-  EngineEvent,
-  EngineInstance,
-  InputPreset,
-  KeyMap,
+/**
+ * The engine package's entry point: an `EngineSDK` for FBNeo (FinalBurn Neo), the
+ * arcade emulator.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * import FbneoSDK from '@wasm-gaming/fbneo-wasm';
+ *
+ * const play = await new FbneoSDK()
+ *   .options({ driver: 'mslug' })                       // or romFileName: 'mslug.zip'
+ *   .assets({ rom: () => readZip(), bios: () => readBios() })
+ *   .storage({ namespace: 'mslug' })                    // → OPFS fbneo/mslug/
+ *   .mount(document.querySelector('#stage'))
+ *   .start();
+ *
+ * play.pause('menu'); play.resume('menu');
+ * await play.restart();                                  // soft reset
+ * await play.destroy();                                  // saves flushed, loop stopped
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Everything a host drives is the contract's (`@wasm-gaming/engine-specs`); what is
+ * this engine's own: {@link FbneoConfig} and friends, owner-aware
+ * {@link FbneoPlay.pause} / {@link FbneoPlay.resume}, {@link FbneoPlay.states},
+ * {@link FbneoPlay.storagePath} and the `saves` event.
+ *
+ * Saves: the build points FBNeo's NVRAM/EEPROM and hiscore paths at MEMFS `/save`.
+ * The SDK seeds it from OPFS `fbneo/<namespace>/` before boot and mirrors it back
+ * after asking FBNeo to write (`web_persist`): every 10 s, on pause, when the page is
+ * hidden and on destroy. Upstream only wrote at exit, which a web page never reaches.
+ */
+import {
+  EnginePlayBase,
+  EngineSDKBase,
+  EventEmitter,
+  type EngineInit,
+  type EngineSDKConstructor,
+  type EventsOf,
 } from '@wasm-gaming/engine-specs';
-import { manifest } from './fbneo.manifest.js';
-import { DEFAULT_FBNEO_OPTIONS, type FbneoOptions } from './fbneo.options.js';
+import {
+  FBNEO_SPEC,
+  FBNEO_VIDEO,
+  type FbneoAsset,
+  type FbneoConfig,
+  type FbneoOptions,
+  type FbneoPayloads,
+} from './fbneo.options.js';
 
-export { manifest };
+export type {
+  FbneoAsset,
+  FbneoAssets,
+  FbneoConfig,
+  FbneoEvents,
+  FbneoOptions,
+  FbneoPayloads,
+  FbneoStorage,
+} from './fbneo.options.js';
+export { FBNEO_SPEC, FBNEO_VIDEO } from './fbneo.options.js';
 
+const ENGINE_ID = 'fbneo';
+const DEFAULT_STORAGE_NAMESPACE = 'default';
+const SAVE_DIR = '/save';
 /**
- * Shape of the Emscripten Module object exposed by fbneo.js.
- *
- * FBNeo's Emscripten SDL2 build is expected to be produced with
- * `-sMODULARIZE -sEXPORT_NAME=createFbneoModule` and the full `FS` object
- * exported (`-sEXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS=FS,callMain`). We defensively support
- * both the modularized factory and the classic global-`Module` shape.
+ * FBNeo's ROM search paths (src/burner/sdl/drv.cpp): the absolute one is always
+ * searched; `/roms` covers the cwd-relative `roms/` with the cwd at `/`.
  */
-type FbneoModule = {
+const ROM_DIRS = ['/usr/local/share/roms', '/roms'];
+const SAVE_INTERVAL_MS = 10_000;
+/** How long a ROM set may take to load before start() gives up. */
+const LOAD_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+
+/** The Emscripten module this build produces (`createFbneoModule` from fbneo.js). */
+interface FbneoModule {
   FS: {
     mkdirTree(path: string): void;
     writeFile(path: string, data: Uint8Array): void;
-    analyzePath(path: string): { exists: boolean };
+    readFile(path: string): Uint8Array;
     readdir(path: string): string[];
+    stat(path: string): { mode: number; mtime: Date | number };
+    unlink(path: string): void;
+    isFile(mode: number): boolean;
   };
   callMain(args: string[]): void;
-  pauseMainLoop?: () => void;
-  resumeMainLoop?: () => void;
-  onRuntimeInitialized?: () => void;
-  locateFile?: (path: string, prefix: string) => string;
-  noInitialRun?: boolean;
-  canvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
-};
-
-type FbneoModuleFactory = (overrides: Partial<FbneoModule>) => Promise<FbneoModule>;
-
-const scriptLoadCache = new Map<string, Promise<void>>();
-
-function loadClassicScriptOnce(src: string): Promise<void> {
-  const cached = scriptLoadCache.get(src);
-  if (cached) return cached;
-
-  const p = new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
-    const script = document.createElement('script');
-    script.src = src;
-    script.async = true;
-    script.onload = () => resolve();
-    script.onerror = () => reject(new Error(`fbneo: failed to load script: ${src}`));
-    document.head.appendChild(script);
-  });
-
-  scriptLoadCache.set(src, p);
-  return p;
+  _web_set_paused(paused: number): void;
+  _web_reset(): void;
+  _web_persist(): number;
+  _web_save_state(slot: number): number;
+  _web_load_state(slot: number): number;
+  _web_running(): number;
+  _web_quit(): void;
+  SDL2?: { audioContext?: AudioContext };
 }
 
-function toUint8(x: AssetData | undefined | unknown): Uint8Array | null {
-  if (x == null) return null;
-  if (typeof x === 'string') return new TextEncoder().encode(x);
-  if (x instanceof Uint8Array) return x;
-  if (x instanceof ArrayBuffer) return new Uint8Array(x);
-  if (ArrayBuffer.isView(x)) return new Uint8Array(x.buffer, x.byteOffset, x.byteLength);
-  throw new TypeError('fbneo: asset must be Uint8Array | ArrayBuffer | string');
-}
+type FbneoFactory = (overrides: Record<string, unknown>) => Promise<FbneoModule>;
 
-/** Strip a directory and extension from a zip filename to get the FBNeo driver name. */
-function driverFromFileName(fileName: string): string {
-  const base = fileName.replace(/^.*[\\/]/, '');
-  return base.replace(/\.(zip|7z)$/i, '');
+/**
+ * Where an engine keeps one namespace: `<engineId>/<namespace>`, relative to the OPFS
+ * root. Identical to the other engines': segments cleaned, `.` and `..` dropped,
+ * anything outside `[A-Za-z0-9._-]` → `_`, nothing usable → `default`; a leading
+ * `<engineId>/` is stripped once.
+ */
+export function storagePath(
+  engineId: string,
+  namespace: unknown,
+): { namespace: string; path: string; prefixed: boolean } {
+  const segments =
+    typeof namespace === 'string'
+      ? namespace
+          .split('/')
+          .map((segment) => segment.trim())
+          .filter((segment) => segment && segment !== '.' && segment !== '..')
+          .map((segment) => segment.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9._-]/g, '_'))
+      : [];
+  const prefixed = segments.length > 1 && segments[0] === engineId;
+  if (prefixed) segments.shift();
+  const cleaned = segments.join('/') || DEFAULT_STORAGE_NAMESPACE;
+  return { namespace: cleaned, path: `${engineId}/${cleaned}`, prefixed };
 }
 
 /**
- * Resolve the render canvas from the contract's `EngineConfig`.
- * The contract is a union: hosts pass either `canvasEl` (a render target) or
- * `attachTo` (a container the SDK mounts its own canvas into). Legacy `canvas`
- * is still accepted as a defensive fallback for hosts built against 0.1.x.
+ * The FBNeo driver for a session: `driver` when given, else the ROM file name's stem
+ * (`mslug.zip`, `C:\roms\mslug.7z` → `mslug`). Empty when neither says.
  */
-function resolveCanvas(config: EngineConfig): HTMLCanvasElement {
-  const c =
-    (config as { canvasEl?: HTMLCanvasElement }).canvasEl ??
-    (config as { canvas?: HTMLCanvasElement }).canvas;
-  if (c) return c;
-
-  const attachTo = (config as { attachTo?: HTMLElement }).attachTo;
-  if (attachTo) {
-    const existing = attachTo.querySelector('canvas');
-    if (existing) return existing;
-    const created = document.createElement('canvas');
-    attachTo.appendChild(created);
-    return created;
+export function driverName(options: { driver?: string; romFileName?: string }): string {
+  const explicit = options.driver?.trim();
+  if (explicit) return explicit;
+  const base = (options.romFileName ?? '').replace(/^.*[\\/]/, '');
+  return base.replace(/\.(zip|7z)$/i, '').trim();
+}
+
+async function opfsDir(path: string, create: boolean): Promise<FileSystemDirectoryHandle | null> {
+  if (typeof navigator === 'undefined' || !navigator.storage?.getDirectory) return null;
+  try {
+    let dir = await navigator.storage.getDirectory();
+    for (const segment of path.split('/').filter(Boolean)) {
+      dir = await dir.getDirectoryHandle(segment, { create });
+    }
+    return dir;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
   }
-  throw new Error('fbneo: config.canvasEl or config.attachTo is required');
 }
 
+async function resolveAsset(asset: FbneoAsset | undefined): Promise<Uint8Array | null> {
+  const value = typeof asset === 'function' ? await asset() : asset;
+  if (value == null) return null;
+  if (value instanceof Uint8Array) return value;
+  if (value instanceof ArrayBuffer) return new Uint8Array(value);
+  throw new TypeError('fbneo: an asset must be a Uint8Array, an ArrayBuffer or a thunk returning one');
+}
+
+function sameBytes(a: Uint8Array | undefined, b: Uint8Array): boolean {
+  if (!a || a.length !== b.length) return false;
+  for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) if (a[i] !== b[i]) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/** The player's save-state slots: 0-3. */
+export const STATE_SLOTS = 4;
 /**
- * Ensure the canvas used by FBNeo has `id="canvas"`.
- * Emscripten SDL2 queries `document.querySelector('#canvas')` to locate its render target.
+ * The *unsaved* suspend point: written when the player leaves, offered when they come
+ * back, and saved into a numbered slot only when they ask.
  */
-function prepareCanvas(
-  canvas: HTMLCanvasElement,
-  renderFilter: Required<FbneoOptions>['renderFilter'],
-): HTMLCanvasElement {
-  if (canvas.id !== 'canvas') canvas.id = 'canvas';
-  if (!canvas.width) canvas.width = manifest.video.baseWidth;
-  if (!canvas.height) canvas.height = manifest.video.baseHeight;
-  // SDL2's Emscripten backend measures getBoundingClientRect() (borders/padding
-  // included) to detect external CSS sizing; decoration on the canvas itself
-  // makes it create a tiny window. Host pages should decorate a wrapper instead.
-  canvas.style.border = '0';
-  canvas.style.padding = '0';
-  canvas.style.imageRendering = renderFilter === 'pixelated' ? 'pixelated' : 'auto';
-  return canvas;
+export const AUTO_STATE_SLOT = 9;
+
+/** One save-state slot. */
+export interface FbneoStateSlot {
+  slot: number;
+  /** When the state was written, or null for an empty slot. */
+  savedAt: Date | null;
+  /** The frame saved with it (PNG), when the host handed one over. */
+  thumbnail: Blob | null;
+  /** Protected: cannot be overwritten or removed until unlocked. */
+  locked: boolean;
 }
 
-export async function load(config: EngineConfig): Promise<EngineInstance> {
-  const { assets, onEvent } = config;
+/** Save states: whole-machine snapshots kept in the save folder (and OPFS). */
+export interface FbneoStates {
+  /** The player's slots, 0-3. */
+  list(): FbneoStateSlot[];
+  /** Any slot, {@link AUTO_STATE_SLOT} included. */
+  get(slot: number): FbneoStateSlot;
+  /** Save the running game into `slot` (paused or not). Refuses a locked slot. */
+  save(slot: number, options?: { thumbnail?: Blob | null }): Promise<void>;
+  /** Load `slot` into the running game; false when it is empty or FBNeo refused it. */
+  load(slot: number): boolean;
+  /** Copy a state (and its frame) into another slot — the unsaved point into a numbered one. */
+  copy(from: number, to: number): Promise<void>;
+  lock(slot: number, locked: boolean): Promise<void>;
+  remove(slot: number): Promise<void>;
+}
 
-  const emit = (e: EngineEvent): void => {
-    try {
-      onEvent?.(e);
-    } catch {
-      // host callback must not break the engine runtime
-    }
-  };
+const nextFrame = (): Promise<void> => new Promise((resolve) => requestAnimationFrame(() => resolve()));
+const mtimeOf = (value: Date | number | undefined): number =>
+  value instanceof Date ? value.getTime() : typeof value === 'number' ? value : 0;
+
+/** The live engine: one booted FBNeo and its session. */
+export class FbneoPlay extends EnginePlayBase<FbneoPayloads> {
+  #module: FbneoModule | null = null;
+  #destroyed = false;
+  #pauseOwner: string | null = null;
+  #driver = '';
 
-  // Generic hosts (e.g. the engine-specs demo shell) pass the picked file's name
-  // as `options.fileName`; treat it as an alias for `romFileName` so the driver
-  // can be inferred from the ROM's filename without a FBNeo-specific option.
-  const rawOptions = config.options as
-    | (FbneoOptions & { fileName?: string })
-    | undefined;
-  const opts: Required<FbneoOptions> = {
-    ...DEFAULT_FBNEO_OPTIONS,
-    ...rawOptions,
-    romFileName:
-      rawOptions?.romFileName ??
-      rawOptions?.fileName ??
-      DEFAULT_FBNEO_OPTIONS.romFileName,
+  #canvas: HTMLCanvasElement | null = null;
+  #ownsCanvas = false;
+  #box: HTMLElement | null = null;
+  #boxObserver: ResizeObserver | null = null;
+  #canvasObserver: MutationObserver | null = null;
+
+  #namespace = DEFAULT_STORAGE_NAMESPACE;
+  #storagePath = `${ENGINE_ID}/${DEFAULT_STORAGE_NAMESPACE}`;
+  #persist = true;
+  #saveTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+  #lastSaved = new Map<string, Uint8Array>();
+  #flushing: Promise<void> | null = null;
+  #onHidden = (): void => {
+    if (document.visibilityState === 'hidden') void this.flushSaves();
   };
 
-  const romBytes = toUint8(assets?.rom ?? assets?.data);
-  if (!romBytes) {
-    throw new Error('fbneo: no ROM bytes provided — pass assets.rom (an arcade ROM zip)');
+  constructor(init?: EngineInit<FbneoPayloads>, events?: EventEmitter<EventsOf<FbneoPayloads>>) {
+    super(FBNEO_SPEC, init, events);
+  }
+
+  /** The normalised namespace this session uses. */
+  get namespace(): string {
+    return this.#namespace;
   }
-  const biosBytes = toUint8(assets?.bios);
-
-  const canvas = prepareCanvas(resolveCanvas(config), opts.renderFilter);
-
-  // FBNeo boots a game by its ROM-set short name ("driver", e.g. "mslug") and
-  // searches its ROM paths for a matching `<driver>.zip`. Prefer an explicit
-  // `options.driver`; otherwise derive it from the ROM filename (stripping the
-  // extension). Whatever the source, the zip is mounted as `<driver>.zip` so the
-  // name FBNeo looks up and the name on disk always agree.
-  const driver = (opts.driver || driverFromFileName(opts.romFileName)).trim();
-  if (!driver || driver === 'game') {
-    throw new Error(
-      'fbneo: could not determine the ROM-set name. Pass options.driver (the FBNeo ' +
-        'short name, e.g. "mslug") or name the ROM file after it (e.g. mslug.zip).',
-    );
+
+  /** Where this session's saves live, relative to the OPFS root: `fbneo/<namespace>`. */
+  get storagePath(): string {
+    return this.#storagePath;
   }
-  const romFileName = `${driver}.zip`;
-
-  const jsUrl = config.jsUrl ?? new URL('./fbneo.js', import.meta.url).href;
-  const wasmUrl = config.wasmUrl ?? new URL('./fbneo.wasm', jsUrl).href;
-
-  let modRef: FbneoModule | null = null;
-  let readyResolve: () => void = () => {};
-  const readyPromise = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-    readyResolve = resolve;
-  });
-
-  // FBNeo's default ROM search paths (src/burner/sdl/drv.cpp) are the absolute
-  // "/usr/local/share/roms/" and the cwd-relative "roms/". Under Emscripten the
-  // cwd is not guaranteed to be "/", so write to the absolute path (always
-  // searched) as well as "/roms/". FBNeo matches ROM files inside each zip by
-  // name/CRC, so the zip must be named after the driver.
-  const romDirs = ['/usr/local/share/roms', '/roms'];
-  const writeRoms = (mod: FbneoModule): void => {
-    for (const dir of romDirs) {
-      mod.FS.mkdirTree(dir);
-      mod.FS.writeFile(`${dir}/${romFileName}`, romBytes);
-      if (biosBytes) mod.FS.writeFile(`${dir}/neogeo.zip`, biosBytes);
+
+  /** The driver (ROM-set short name) this session booted. */
+  get driver(): string {
+    return this.#driver;
+  }
+
+  /** Who holds the pause, or null while running. */
+  get pausedBy(): string | null {
+    return this.#pauseOwner;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The current frame as a PNG (also while paused: the picture is kept). Null when
+   * there is nothing to read.
+   */
+  async snapshot(): Promise<Blob | null> {
+    const canvas = this.#canvas;
+    if (!canvas || !this.#module) return null;
+    await nextFrame();
+    const copy = document.createElement('canvas');
+    copy.width = canvas.width || FBNEO_VIDEO.width;
+    copy.height = canvas.height || FBNEO_VIDEO.height;
+    copy.getContext('2d')?.drawImage(canvas, 0, 0, copy.width, copy.height);
+    return new Promise((resolve) => copy.toBlob((blob) => resolve(blob), 'image/png'));
+  }
+
+  /** Save states — see {@link FbneoStates}. */
+  get states(): FbneoStates {
+    const Module = this.#requireModule();
+    const { FS } = Module;
+    const file = (name: string): string => `${SAVE_DIR}/${name}`;
+    const exists = (name: string): boolean => {
+      try {
+        FS.stat(file(name));
+        return true;
+      } catch {
+        return false;
+      }
+    };
+    const stateName = (slot: number): string => `slot_${slot}.fs`;
+    const mtime = (name: string): number | null => {
+      try {
+        return mtimeOf(FS.stat(file(name)).mtime);
+      } catch {
+        return null;
+      }
+    };
+    const checkSlot = (slot: number): number => {
+      if (slot === AUTO_STATE_SLOT || (Number.isInteger(slot) && slot >= 0 && slot < STATE_SLOTS)) return slot;
+      throw new RangeError(`fbneo: a state slot is 0-${STATE_SLOTS - 1} or ${AUTO_STATE_SLOT}, not ${slot}`);
+    };
+    const isLocked = (slot: number): boolean => exists(`slot_${slot}.lock`);
+    const refuseLocked = (slot: number): void => {
+      if (isLocked(slot)) throw new Error(`fbneo: state slot ${slot} is locked`);
+    };
+    // Removed files have to leave OPFS too: the mirror only ever writes.
+    const forget = async (names: string[]): Promise<void> => {
+      for (const name of names) {
+        try {
+          FS.unlink(file(name));
+        } catch {
+          /* not there */
+        }
+        this.#lastSaved.delete(name);
+      }
+      const dir = this.#persist ? await opfsDir(this.#storagePath, false) : null;
+      for (const name of names) await dir?.removeEntry(name).catch(() => {});
+    };
+    const get = (slot: number): FbneoStateSlot => {
+      checkSlot(slot);
+      const savedAt = mtime(stateName(slot));
+      let thumbnail: Blob | null = null;
+      if (savedAt !== null && exists(`slot_${slot}.png`)) {
+        thumbnail = new Blob([new Uint8Array(FS.readFile(file(`slot_${slot}.png`)))], { type: 'image/png' });
+      }
+      return { slot, savedAt: savedAt === null ? null : new Date(savedAt), thumbnail, locked: isLocked(slot) };
+    };
+    return {
+      list: () => Array.from({ length: STATE_SLOTS }, (_, slot) => get(slot)),
+      get,
+      save: async (slot, options = {}) => {
+        checkSlot(slot);
+        refuseLocked(slot);
+        // FBNeo writes the state at once (between frames: JS only runs while its loop sleeps).
+        if (!Module._web_save_state(slot)) throw new Error('fbneo: the state could not be saved (no game running?)');
+        if (options.thumbnail) {
+          FS.writeFile(file(`slot_${slot}.png`), new Uint8Array(await options.thumbnail.arrayBuffer()));
+        } else await forget([`slot_${slot}.png`]);
+        await this.flushSaves();
+      },
+      load: (slot) => {
+        checkSlot(slot);
+        if (mtime(stateName(slot)) === null) return false;
+        return Module._web_load_state(slot) !== 0;
+      },
+      copy: async (from, to) => {
+        checkSlot(from);
+        checkSlot(to);
+        refuseLocked(to);
+        if (mtime(stateName(from)) === null) throw new Error(`fbneo: state slot ${from} is empty`);
+        await forget([stateName(to), `slot_${to}.png`]);
+        FS.writeFile(file(stateName(to)), new Uint8Array(FS.readFile(file(stateName(from)))));
+        if (exists(`slot_${from}.png`)) {
+          FS.writeFile(file(`slot_${to}.png`), new Uint8Array(FS.readFile(file(`slot_${from}.png`))));
+        }
+        await this.flushSaves();
+      },
+      lock: async (slot, locked) => {
+        checkSlot(slot);
+        if (locked) {
+          if (mtime(stateName(slot)) === null) throw new Error(`fbneo: state slot ${slot} is empty`);
+          FS.writeFile(file(`slot_${slot}.lock`), new Uint8Array([1]));
+          await this.flushSaves();
+        } else {
+          await forget([`slot_${slot}.lock`]);
+          this.emit('saves', { files: [`slot_${slot}.lock`] });
+        }
+      },
+      remove: async (slot) => {
+        checkSlot(slot);
+        refuseLocked(slot);
+        const names = [stateName(slot), `slot_${slot}.png`];
+        await forget(names);
+        this.emit('saves', { files: names });
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  #requireModule(): FbneoModule {
+    if (!this.#module) throw new Error('fbneo: the engine is not running — start() it first');
+    return this.#module;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Freeze emulation and sound. The first caller owns the pause, and only that
+   * owner's {@link resume} lifts it, so an overlay cannot resume a game the host had
+   * already frozen. Saves are flushed, since a paused game is often a closed one.
+   */
+  pause(owner = 'host'): void {
+    const Module = this.#module;
+    if (!Module || this.#pauseOwner) return;
+    this.#pauseOwner = owner;
+    Module._web_set_paused(1);
+    void Module.SDL2?.audioContext?.suspend();
+    void this.flushSaves();
+    this.emit('pause', { owner });
+  }
+
+  resume(owner = 'host'): void {
+    const Module = this.#module;
+    if (!Module || this.#pauseOwner !== owner) return;
+    this.#pauseOwner = null;
+    void Module.SDL2?.audioContext?.resume();
+    Module._web_set_paused(0);
+    this.emit('resume', { owner });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ask FBNeo to write its NVRAM, then copy whatever changed in `/save` to OPFS
+   * `fbneo/<namespace>/`. Emits `saves` with the files that moved. Safe to call any
+   * time; overlapping calls share one flush.
+   */
+  flushSaves(): Promise<void> {
+    this.#flushing ??= this.#flush().finally(() => {
+      this.#flushing = null;
+    });
+    return this.#flushing;
+  }
+
+  // ---- Contract hooks ----
+
+  protected override mounted(target: HTMLElement): void {
+    if (target instanceof HTMLCanvasElement) {
+      this.#canvas = target;
+      this.#ownsCanvas = false;
+      this.#box = target.parentElement;
+    } else {
+      this.#canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
+      this.#ownsCanvas = true;
+      this.#box = target;
+      target.appendChild(this.#canvas);
     }
-  };
+    const canvas = this.#canvas;
+    // Emscripten's SDL2 finds its window by id, and measures the element: no border or
+    // padding on the canvas itself, or SDL creates a tiny window.
+    canvas.id = 'canvas';
+    if (!canvas.width) canvas.width = FBNEO_VIDEO.width;
+    if (!canvas.height) canvas.height = FBNEO_VIDEO.height;
+    canvas.tabIndex = 0;
+    canvas.style.border = '0';
+    canvas.style.padding = '0';
+    canvas.style.display = 'block';
+    canvas.addEventListener('contextmenu', (event) => event.preventDefault());
+    void this.#applyFilter();
 
-  const moduleOverrides: Partial<FbneoModule> = {
-    canvas,
-    noInitialRun: true,
-    locateFile(path: string): string {
-      if (path.endsWith('.wasm')) return wasmUrl;
-      return new URL(path, jsUrl).href;
-    },
-  };
+    if (this.#box && this.#ownsCanvas) {
+      this.#boxObserver?.disconnect();
+      this.#boxObserver = new ResizeObserver(() => this.#fit());
+      this.#boxObserver.observe(this.#box);
+      // FBNeo sizes the canvas to each game's picture (vertical games too): refit then.
+      this.#canvasObserver?.disconnect();
+      this.#canvasObserver = new MutationObserver(() => this.#fit());
+      this.#canvasObserver.observe(canvas, { attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['width', 'height'] });
+      this.#fit();
+    }
+  }
 
-  await loadClassicScriptOnce(jsUrl);
+  protected override async open(_options: FbneoOptions): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.#destroyed) {
+      throw new Error('fbneo: this engine has been destroyed and cannot be started again in this page — build a new FbneoSDK in a new page');
+    }
+    if (this.#module) {
+      // Already running: a restart is the machine's soft reset.
+      if (this.#pauseOwner) this.resume(this.#pauseOwner);
+      this.#module._web_reset();
+      return;
+    }
+    await this.#boot();
+  }
 
-  const g = globalThis as {
-    createFbneoModule?: FbneoModuleFactory;
-    Module?: FbneoModule;
-  };
+  protected override patched(kind: string, patch: object): void {
+    if (kind === 'config' && 'renderFilter' in patch) void this.#applyFilter();
+  }
+
+  protected override async close(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.#saveTimer) clearInterval(this.#saveTimer);
+    this.#saveTimer = null;
+    document.removeEventListener('visibilitychange', this.#onHidden);
+    window.removeEventListener('pagehide', this.#onHidden);
 
-  // Our build is a MODULARIZE factory (createFbneoModule). The factory promise
-  // resolves *after* the runtime is initialized and FS is available, so this is
-  // the correct point to populate MEMFS — write the ROMs before callMain().
-  if (typeof g.createFbneoModule === 'function') {
-    modRef = await g.createFbneoModule(moduleOverrides);
-  } else if (g.Module) {
-    modRef = g.Module;
-  } else {
-    throw new Error('fbneo: unable to initialize runtime module from fbneo.js');
+    const Module = this.#module;
+    if (Module) {
+      await this.flushSaves();
+      const context = Module.SDL2?.audioContext;
+      try {
+        Module._web_set_paused(1);
+        // Ends FBNeo's loop: it exits the game its own way (NVRAM written, sound closed).
+        Module._web_quit();
+      } catch {
+        /* already gone */
+      }
+      // FBNeo's exit closes the AudioContext on the loop's next turn; close it here only
+      // if it didn't (closing it first makes FBNeo's own close throw).
+      const deadline = performance.now() + 1000;
+      while (context && context.state !== 'closed' && performance.now() < deadline) {
+        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+      }
+      if (context && context.state !== 'closed') await context.close().catch(() => {});
+    }
+    this.#boxObserver?.disconnect();
+    this.#boxObserver = null;
+    this.#canvasObserver?.disconnect();
+    this.#canvasObserver = null;
+    if (this.#ownsCanvas) this.#canvas?.remove();
+    this.#canvas = null;
+    this.#module = null;
+    this.#pauseOwner = null;
+    this.#destroyed = true;
   }
 
-  writeRoms(modRef);
-  readyResolve();
+  // ---- Boot ----
 
-  await readyPromise;
+  async #boot(): Promise<void> {
+    const config = await this.#values<FbneoConfig>('config');
+    const options = await this.#values<FbneoOptions>('options');
+    const assets = await this.#values<{ rom?: FbneoAsset; bios?: FbneoAsset }>('assets');
+    const storage = await this.#values<{ namespace?: string; persist?: 'opfs' | null }>('storage');
 
-  let running = false;
-  const boot = (): void => {
-    if (running) return;
-    running = true;
-    // FBNeo SDL takes the ROM set short name and searches its rom paths for it.
-    modRef!.callMain([driver]);
-    emit({ type: 'ready' });
-  };
+    if (!this.#canvas) {
+      throw new Error('fbneo: mount() an element (or a canvas) before start()');
+    }
 
-  const setInput = (_map: InputPreset | KeyMap): void => {
-    // Input is handled by the Emscripten SDL2 event loop; no external override yet.
-  };
+    const driver = driverName(options);
+    if (!driver) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'fbneo: which game is it? Pass options.driver (the FBNeo short name, e.g. "mslug") ' +
+          'or options.romFileName named after it (mslug.zip).',
+      );
+    }
+    const rom = await resolveAsset(assets.rom);
+    if (!rom) throw new Error('fbneo: no ROM set — hand one over as assets.rom (bytes or a thunk)');
+    const bios = await resolveAsset(assets.bios);
+    this.#driver = driver;
 
-  return {
-    start() {
-      boot();
-    },
-    pause() {
-      modRef?.pauseMainLoop?.();
-    },
-    resume() {
-      modRef?.resumeMainLoop?.();
-    },
-    reset() {
-      // FBNeo does not expose a soft-reset hook through this WASM build.
-      throw new Error('fbneo: reset is not supported by this build');
-    },
-    setInput,
-    destroy() {
-      modRef?.pauseMainLoop?.();
-      running = false;
-      emit({ type: 'exit' });
-    },
-  };
+    const resolved = storagePath(ENGINE_ID, storage.namespace);
+    this.#namespace = resolved.namespace;
+    this.#storagePath = resolved.path;
+    this.#persist = storage.persist !== null;
+
+    const jsUrl = config.jsUrl ?? new URL('./fbneo.js', import.meta.url).href;
+    const wasmUrl = config.wasmUrl ?? new URL('./fbneo.wasm', import.meta.url).href;
+    const { default: createFbneoModule } = (await import(/* @vite-ignore */ jsUrl)) as {
+      default: FbneoFactory;
+    };
+
+    // The context SDL will use, made first so it keeps its picture between frames:
+    // FBNeo draws from timers, not animation frames, so without this snapshot() (the
+    // app's suspend-point frames) reads a cleared buffer. SDL gets this one back.
+    this.#canvas.getContext('webgl', { preserveDrawingBuffer: true, antialias: false });
+
+    let failed: ((error: Error) => void) | null = null;
+    // FBNeo reports a set it could not load only on stdout (then main() returns).
+    let refused: string | null = null;
+    const Module = await createFbneoModule({
+      canvas: this.#canvas,
+      noInitialRun: true,
+      locateFile: (path: string) => (path.endsWith('.wasm') ? wasmUrl : new URL(path, jsUrl).href),
+      print: (text: string) => {
+        if (/error loading your selected game/i.test(text)) refused = text;
+        console.log('[fbneo]', text);
+      },
+      printErr: (text: string) => console.warn('[fbneo]', text),
+      onAbort: (what: unknown) => failed?.(new Error(`fbneo: aborted — ${String(what)}`)),
+    });
+    this.#module = Module;
+    failed = (error) => this.emit('error', error);
+
+    const { FS } = Module;
+    // FBNeo finds a game by `<driver>.zip` in its ROM paths, and matches the files
+    // inside by name/CRC: whatever the player named the file, it lands as that.
+    for (const dir of ROM_DIRS) {
+      FS.mkdirTree(dir);
+      FS.writeFile(`${dir}/${driver}.zip`, rom);
+      if (bios) FS.writeFile(`${dir}/neogeo.zip`, bios);
+    }
+    FS.mkdirTree(SAVE_DIR);
+    if (this.#persist) await this.#restoreSaves();
+
+    // callMain() returns at FBNeo's first yield, before the set is loaded: wait for
+    // the game to run, or for FBNeo to say it refused the set, so a bad set is an
+    // error here and not a black screen.
+    Module.callMain([driver]);
+    const deadline = performance.now() + LOAD_TIMEOUT_MS;
+    while (!Module._web_running() && !refused && performance.now() < deadline) {
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+    }
+    if (!Module._web_running()) {
+      throw new Error(
+        refused
+          ? `fbneo: FBNeo could not load "${driver}" — the ROM set is incomplete, is not that driver, or needs a BIOS (neogeo.zip for Neo Geo)`
+          : `fbneo: "${driver}" did not start within ${LOAD_TIMEOUT_MS / 1000} s`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (this.#persist) {
+      this.#saveTimer = setInterval(() => void this.flushSaves(), SAVE_INTERVAL_MS);
+      document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', this.#onHidden);
+      window.addEventListener('pagehide', this.#onHidden);
+    }
+    this.#fit();
+  }
+
+  /** The plain values behind one payload's descriptors. */
+  async #values<T>(kind: 'config' | 'options' | 'assets' | 'storage'): Promise<T> {
+    const described = (await this[kind]()) as Record<string, { value: unknown }>;
+    const out: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    for (const [key, property] of Object.entries(described)) out[key] = property.value;
+    return out as T;
+  }
+
+  // ---- Saves ----
+
+  async #restoreSaves(): Promise<void> {
+    const dir = await opfsDir(this.#storagePath, false);
+    if (!dir || !this.#module) return;
+    const iterable = dir as unknown as { entries(): AsyncIterable<[string, FileSystemHandle]> };
+    for await (const [name, handle] of iterable.entries()) {
+      if (handle.kind !== 'file') continue;
+      const bytes = new Uint8Array(await (await (handle as FileSystemFileHandle).getFile()).arrayBuffer());
+      this.#module.FS.writeFile(`${SAVE_DIR}/${name}`, bytes);
+      this.#lastSaved.set(name, bytes);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async #flush(): Promise<void> {
+    const Module = this.#module;
+    if (!Module || !this.#persist) return;
+    try {
+      Module._web_persist();
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.warn('[fbneo] persist failed', e);
+      return;
+    }
+    const changed: Array<[string, Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>]> = [];
+    for (const name of Module.FS.readdir(SAVE_DIR)) {
+      if (name === '.' || name === '..') continue;
+      const path = `${SAVE_DIR}/${name}`;
+      if (!Module.FS.isFile(Module.FS.stat(path).mode)) continue;
+      const bytes = new Uint8Array(Module.FS.readFile(path));
+      if (!sameBytes(this.#lastSaved.get(name), bytes)) changed.push([name, bytes]);
+    }
+    if (changed.length === 0) return;
+
+    const dir = await opfsDir(this.#storagePath, true);
+    if (!dir) return;
+    const written: string[] = [];
+    for (const [name, bytes] of changed) {
+      try {
+        const writable = await (await dir.getFileHandle(name, { create: true })).createWritable();
+        await writable.write(bytes);
+        await writable.close();
+        this.#lastSaved.set(name, bytes);
+        written.push(name);
+      } catch (e) {
+        console.warn(`[fbneo] could not persist ${name}`, e);
+      }
+    }
+    if (written.length) this.emit('saves', { files: written });
+  }
+
+  // ---- Picture ----
+
+  /** Scale the canvas to fit its box, keeping the picture's own proportions. */
+  #fit(): void {
+    const canvas = this.#canvas;
+    const box = this.#box;
+    if (!canvas || !box || !this.#ownsCanvas) return;
+    const { width, height } = box.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const w = canvas.width || FBNEO_VIDEO.width;
+    const h = canvas.height || FBNEO_VIDEO.height;
+    if (!width || !height) return;
+    const scale = Math.min(width / w, height / h);
+    canvas.style.width = `${Math.floor(w * scale)}px`;
+    canvas.style.height = `${Math.floor(h * scale)}px`;
+  }
+
+  async #applyFilter(): Promise<void> {
+    const canvas = this.#canvas;
+    if (!canvas) return;
+    const { renderFilter } = await this.#values<FbneoConfig>('config');
+    canvas.style.imageRendering = renderFilter === 'smooth' ? 'auto' : 'pixelated';
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The factory a host constructs: static identity, the configuration chain, and a
+ * `start()` that boots FBNeo and opens a session.
+ */
+export class FbneoSDK extends EngineSDKBase<FbneoPayloads> {
+  static readonly id = ENGINE_ID;
+  /** Kept in step with package.json by `node scripts/sync-version.mjs`. */
+  static readonly version = '0.2.0';
+  static readonly name = 'FinalBurn Neo';
+  static readonly description =
+    'FBNeo, the arcade emulator (Capcom CPS-1/2/3, SNK Neo Geo, Sega System 16 and more), compiled to WebAssembly. Ships no games: the player provides the ROM sets, and they never leave their browser.';
+
+  protected override createPlay(
+    init: EngineInit<FbneoPayloads>,
+    events: EventEmitter<EventsOf<FbneoPayloads>>,
+  ): FbneoPlay {
+    return new FbneoPlay(init, events);
+  }
 }
 
-export default { manifest, load };
+/** CI's conformance line: if this class stops satisfying the contract, `make test` fails. */
+export const FBNEO_ENGINE: EngineSDKConstructor<FbneoPayloads> = FbneoSDK;
+
+export default FbneoSDK;