@warlock.js/cascade 5.30.0 → 5.32.0

package/esm/validation/database-writer-validation-error.d.mts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { ValidationResult } from "@warlock.js/seal";
-
 //#region ../../packages/cascade/src/validation/database-writer-validation-error.d.ts
 /**
  * Error thrown when model validation fails during database write operations.
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ import { ValidationResult } from "@warlock.js/seal";
  * }
  * ```
  */
-declare class DatabaseWriterValidationError extends Error {
+export declare class DatabaseWriterValidationError extends Error {
   /**
    * Array of validation errors from @warlock.js/seal.
    *
@@ -97,5 +96,4 @@ declare class DatabaseWriterValidationError extends Error {
   hasFieldError(fieldPath: string): boolean;
 }
 //#endregion
-export { DatabaseWriterValidationError };
 //# sourceMappingURL=database-writer-validation-error.d.mts.map

package/esm/validation/database-writer-validation-error.d.mts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"database-writer-validation-error.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/validation/database-writer-validation-error.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;AA0BA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;cAAa,6BAAA,SAAsC,KAAA;EAsJX;AAAA;;;;;;;;EAAA,SA5ItB,MAAA,EAAQ,gBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;cAeL,OAAA,UAAiB,MAAA,EAAQ,gBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EA0CrC,QAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAkEA,cAAA,CAAe,SAAA,WAAoB,gBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAiBnC,aAAA,CAAc,SAAA;AAAA"}
+{"version":3,"file":"database-writer-validation-error.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/validation/database-writer-validation-error.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;qBA0Ba,sCAAsC;;;;;;;;;;WAUjC,QAAQ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAexB,YAAmB,iBAAiB,QAAQ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EA0CrC;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAkEA,eAAe,oBAAoB;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAiBnC,cAAc"}

package/esm/validation/index.d.mts

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 import { DatabaseWriterValidationError } from "./database-writer-validation-error.mjs";
-import { BaseQueryRuleOptions, BaseUniqueRuleOptions, ExistsRuleOptions, UniqueRuleOptions } from "./types.mjs";
+import { BaseQueryRuleOptions, BaseUniqueRuleOptions, ExistsRuleOptions, UniqueRuleOptions } from "./types.mjs";
+import "./database-seal-plugins.mjs";
+export { type BaseQueryRuleOptions, type BaseUniqueRuleOptions, DatabaseWriterValidationError, type ExistsRuleOptions, type UniqueRuleOptions };

package/esm/validation/index.mjs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 import { DatabaseWriterValidationError } from "./database-writer-validation-error.mjs";
 import "./database-seal-plugins.mjs";
 
-export {  };
+export { DatabaseWriterValidationError };

package/esm/validation/plugins/database-rules-plugin.d.mts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { ChildModel } from "../../model/model.types.mjs";
 import { Model } from "../../model/model.mjs";
 import { ExistsRuleOptions, UniqueRuleOptions } from "../types.mjs";
+import "@warlock.js/seal";
 //#region ../../packages/cascade/src/validation/plugins/database-rules-plugin.d.ts
 declare module "@warlock.js/seal" {
   interface ScalarValidator {
@@ -30,7 +31,5 @@ declare module "@warlock.js/seal" {
     }): this;
   }
 }
-/**
- * Cascade's database-rules plugin for Seal.
- */
+//#endregion
 //# sourceMappingURL=database-rules-plugin.d.mts.map

package/esm/validation/plugins/database-rules-plugin.d.mts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"database-rules-plugin.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/validation/plugins/database-rules-plugin.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;YAmBY,eAAA;IAYgB;IAVxB,MAAA,CACE,KAAA,EAAO,UAAA,CAAW,KAAA,YAClB,WAAA,GAAc,OAAA,CAAQ,iBAAA;MACpB,YAAA;IAAA;IAgBoB;IAXxB,MAAA,CACE,KAAA,EAAO,UAAA,CAAW,KAAA,YAClB,WAAA,GAAc,OAAA,CAAQ,iBAAA;MACpB,YAAA;IAAA;EAAA;EAAA,UAKI,eAAA;IACR,MAAA,CACE,KAAA,EAAO,UAAA,CAAW,KAAA,YAClB,WAAA,GAAc,OAAA,CAAQ,iBAAA;MACpB,YAAA;IAAA;IAGJ,MAAA,CACE,KAAA,EAAO,UAAA,CAAW,KAAA,YAClB,WAAA,GAAc,OAAA,CAAQ,iBAAA;MACpB,YAAA;IAAA;EAAA;EAAA,UAKI,eAAA;IACR,MAAA,CACE,KAAA,EAAO,UAAA,CAAW,KAAA,YAClB,WAAA,GAAc,OAAA,CAAQ,iBAAA;MACpB,YAAA;IAAA;IAGJ,MAAA,CACE,KAAA,EAAO,UAAA,CAAW,KAAA,YAClB,WAAA,GAAc,OAAA,CAAQ,iBAAA;MACpB,YAAA;IAAA;EAAA;AAAA"}
+{"version":3,"file":"database-rules-plugin.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/validation/plugins/database-rules-plugin.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;YAmBY;;IAER,OACE,OAAO,WAAW,iBAClB,cAAc,QAAQ;MACpB;;;IAKJ,OACE,OAAO,WAAW,iBAClB,cAAc,QAAQ;MACpB;;;YAKI;IACR,OACE,OAAO,WAAW,iBAClB,cAAc,QAAQ;MACpB;;IAGJ,OACE,OAAO,WAAW,iBAClB,cAAc,QAAQ;MACpB;;;YAKI;IACR,OACE,OAAO,WAAW,iBAClB,cAAc,QAAQ;MACpB;;IAGJ,OACE,OAAO,WAAW,iBAClB,cAAc,QAAQ;MACpB"}

package/esm/validation/plugins/embed-validator-plugin.d.mts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { ChildModel } from "../../model/model.types.mjs";
+import "../../model/model.mjs";
 import { EmbedModelValidator } from "../validators/embed-validator.mjs";
+import "@warlock.js/seal";
 //#region ../../packages/cascade/src/validation/plugins/embed-validator-plugin.d.ts
 type EmbedOptions = {
   errorMessage?: string;
@@ -11,7 +13,6 @@ declare module "@warlock.js/seal" {
     embedMany(model?: ChildModel<any> | string, options?: EmbedOptions): EmbedModelValidator;
   }
 }
-/**
- * File validation plugin for Seal
- */
+//#endregion
+export {};
 //# sourceMappingURL=embed-validator-plugin.d.mts.map

package/esm/validation/plugins/embed-validator-plugin.d.mts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"embed-validator-plugin.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/validation/plugins/embed-validator-plugin.ts"],"mappings":";;;KAWK,YAAA;EACH,YAAA;EACA,KAAK;AAAA;AAAA;EAAA,UAIK,UAAA;IACR,KAAA,CAAM,KAAA,GAAQ,UAAA,gBAA0B,OAAA,GAAU,YAAA,GAAe,mBAAA;IACjE,SAAA,CAAU,KAAA,GAAQ,UAAA,gBAA0B,OAAA,GAAU,YAAA,GAAe,mBAAA;EAAA;AAAA"}
+{"version":3,"file":"embed-validator-plugin.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/validation/plugins/embed-validator-plugin.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;KAWK;EACH;EACA;;;YAIU;IACR,MAAM,QAAQ,0BAA0B,UAAU,eAAe;IACjE,UAAU,QAAQ,0BAA0B,UAAU,eAAe"}

package/esm/validation/types.d.mts

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { ChildModel } from "../model/model.types.mjs";
 import { Model } from "../model/model.mjs";
 import { QueryBuilderContract } from "../contracts/query-builder.contract.mjs";
-
 //#region ../../packages/cascade/src/validation/types.d.ts
 /**
  * Base options shared by all database-backed validation rules.
@@ -9,19 +8,22 @@ import { QueryBuilderContract } from "../contracts/query-builder.contract.mjs";
  * Identifies the model to query, the column to filter on, and an optional
  * hook to customise the query before the existence/uniqueness check runs.
  */
-type BaseQueryRuleOptions = {
-  /** The Model to query against */Model: ChildModel<Model> | string; /** Callback to customise the query before it executes */
+export type BaseQueryRuleOptions = {
+  /** The Model to query against */
+  Model: ChildModel<Model> | string;
+  /** Callback to customise the query before it executes */
   query?: (options: {
     query: QueryBuilderContract;
     value: any;
     allValues: any;
-  }) => void | Promise<void>; /** The column to filter by (defaults to the validated key) */
+  }) => void | Promise<void>;
+  /** The column to filter by (defaults to the validated key) */
   column?: string;
 };
 /**
  * Base options for uniqueness validation rules.
  */
-type BaseUniqueRuleOptions = BaseQueryRuleOptions;
+export type BaseUniqueRuleOptions = BaseQueryRuleOptions;
 /**
  * Options for the `unique` validation rule.
  *
@@ -29,15 +31,17 @@ type BaseUniqueRuleOptions = BaseQueryRuleOptions;
  * input's value", or an explicit `exceptColumnName` / `exceptValue` pair
  * used by request-aware wrappers (e.g. core's `uniqueExceptCurrentUser`).
  */
-type UniqueRuleOptions = BaseUniqueRuleOptions & {
-  /** Sibling input key to exclude from the uniqueness check */except?: string; /** Column name to exclude (paired with `exceptValue`) */
-  exceptColumnName?: string; /** Value to exclude under `exceptColumnName` */
+export type UniqueRuleOptions = BaseUniqueRuleOptions & {
+  /** Sibling input key to exclude from the uniqueness check */
+  except?: string;
+  /** Column name to exclude (paired with `exceptValue`) */
+  exceptColumnName?: string;
+  /** Value to exclude under `exceptColumnName` */
   exceptValue?: any;
 };
 /**
  * Options for the `exists` validation rule.
  */
-type ExistsRuleOptions = BaseQueryRuleOptions;
+export type ExistsRuleOptions = BaseQueryRuleOptions;
 //#endregion
-export { BaseQueryRuleOptions, BaseUniqueRuleOptions, ExistsRuleOptions, UniqueRuleOptions };
 //# sourceMappingURL=types.d.mts.map

package/esm/validation/types.d.mts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"types.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/validation/types.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;AASA;;;KAAY,oBAAA;EAEH,iCAAP,KAAA,EAAO,UAAA,CAAW,KAAA,YAML;EAJb,KAAA,IAAS,OAAA;IACP,KAAA,EAAO,oBAAA;IACP,KAAA;IACA,SAAA;EAAA,aACW,OAAA,QAJb;EAMA,MAAA;AAAA;;;;KAMU,qBAAA,GAAwB,oBAAoB;;;AANhD;AAMR;;;;KASY,iBAAA,GAAoB,qBAAqB;EAAzC,6DAEV,MAAA;EAEA,gBAAA,WAJ8B;EAM9B,WAAA;AAAA;;;AAAW;KAMD,iBAAA,GAAoB,oBAAoB"}
+{"version":3,"file":"types.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/validation/types.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;YASY;;EAEV,OAAO,WAAW;;EAElB,SAAS;IACP,OAAO;IACP;IACA;eACW;;EAEb;;;;;YAMU,wBAAwB;;;;;;;;YASxB,oBAAoB;;EAE9B;;EAEA;;EAEA;;;;;YAMU,oBAAoB"}

package/esm/validation/validators/embed-validator.d.mts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { ChildModel } from "../../model/model.types.mjs";
+import "../../model/model.mjs";
 import { BaseValidator } from "@warlock.js/seal";
-
 //#region ../../packages/cascade/src/validation/validators/embed-validator.d.ts
-declare class EmbedModelValidator extends BaseValidator {
+export declare class EmbedModelValidator extends BaseValidator {
   /**
    * Check if value is a string type
    */
@@ -21,5 +21,4 @@ declare class EmbedModelValidator extends BaseValidator {
   embed(embed?: string | string[]): EmbedModelValidator;
 }
 //#endregion
-export { EmbedModelValidator };
 //# sourceMappingURL=embed-validator.d.mts.map

package/esm/validation/validators/embed-validator.d.mts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"embed-validator.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/validation/validators/embed-validator.ts"],"mappings":";;;;cAMa,mBAAA,SAA4B,aAAA;;;AAAzC;EAIS,WAAA,CAAY,KAAA;;;;EAYZ,KAAA,CAAM,KAAA,EAAO,UAAA,gBAA0B,YAAA,YAAwB,mBAAA;EAaC;;;EAAhE,MAAA,CAAO,KAAA,EAAO,UAAA,gBAA0B,YAAA,YAAwB,mBAAA;EA7BnB;;;EA8C7C,KAAA,CAAM,KAAA,uBAA4B,mBAAA;AAAA"}
+{"version":3,"file":"embed-validator.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/validation/validators/embed-validator.ts"],"mappings":";;;;qBAMa,4BAA4B;;;;EAIhC,YAAY;;;;EAYZ,MAAM,OAAO,0BAA0B,wBAAwB;;;;EAa/D,OAAO,OAAO,0BAA0B,wBAAwB;;;;EAiBhE,MAAM,4BAA4B"}

package/esm/writer/database-writer.d.mts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import { Model } from "../model/model.mjs";
 import { WriterContract, WriterOptions, WriterResult } from "../contracts/database-writer.contract.mjs";
-
 //#region ../../packages/cascade/src/writer/database-writer.d.ts
 /**
  * Database writer service that orchestrates model persistence.
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ import { WriterContract, WriterOptions, WriterResult } from "../contracts/databa
  * await writer.save({ skipEvents: true });
  * ```
  */
-declare class DatabaseWriter implements WriterContract {
+export declare class DatabaseWriter implements WriterContract {
   /** The model instance being persisted */
   private readonly model;
   /** Dirty columns an update validation dropped (strip mode); never written. */
@@ -180,5 +179,4 @@ declare class DatabaseWriter implements WriterContract {
   private triggerSync;
 }
 //#endregion
-export { DatabaseWriter };
 //# sourceMappingURL=database-writer.d.mts.map

package/esm/writer/database-writer.d.mts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"database-writer.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/writer/database-writer.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;AAyDA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;cAAa,cAAA,YAA0B,cAAA;EA+HvB;EAAA,iBA7HG,KAAA;EAyPgB;EAAA,iBAtPhB,kBAAA;EAqSJ;EAAA,iBAlSI,IAAA;EAkSa;EAAA,iBA/Rb,UAAA;EA+RmD;EAAA,iBA5RnD,MAAA;EA4XT;EAAA,iBAzXS,KAAA;EAqbJ;EAAA,iBAlbI,UAAA;EAqdT;EAAA,iBAldS,MAAA;EAqiBE;EAAA,iBAliBF,UAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;cAcE,KAAA,EAAO,KAAA;;;;;;;;EAkBb,IAAA,CAAK,OAAA,GAAS,aAAA,GAAqB,OAAA,CAAQ,YAAA;;;;;;;;;;;UAqE1C,eAAA;;;;;;;EA4HD,gBAAA,IAAoB,OAAA;;;;;;;;UAYnB,aAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;EAmCD,gBAAA,CAAiB,OAAA,GAAS,aAAA,GAAqB,OAAA,CAAQ,MAAA;;;;;;;;UA4CtD,aAAA;;;;;;UAoDN,kBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;UAmDA,qBAAA;;;;;;EASK,cAAA,IAAkB,OAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;UAmCvB,qBAAA;;;;;;;;;;UAmFA,WAAA;AAAA"}
+{"version":3,"file":"database-writer.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/writer/database-writer.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;qBAyDa,0BAA0B;;mBAEpB;;mBAGA;;mBAGA;;mBAGA;;mBAGA;;mBAGA;;mBAGA;;mBAGA;;mBAGA;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAcjB,YAAmB,OAAO;;;;;;;;EAkBb,KAAK,UAAS,gBAAqB,QAAQ;;;;;;;;;;;UAmE1C;;;;;;;EAyHD,oBAAoB;;;;;;;;UAYnB;;;;;;;;;;;;EAmCD,iBAAiB,UAAS,gBAAqB,QAAQ;;;;;;;;UA4CtD;;;;;;UAgDN;;;;;;;;;;;;UAsDA;;;;;;EASK,kBAAkB;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;UAmCvB;;;;;;;;;;UAmFA"}

package/esm/writer/database-writer.mjs

@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ var DatabaseWriter = class {
 	*/
 	buildUpdateOperations() {
 		const operations = {};
-		const identityColumns = new Set([
+		const identityColumns = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
 			this.primaryKey,
 			"id",
 			"_id"

package/esm/writer/database-writer.mjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"database-writer.mjs","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/writer/database-writer.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { when } from \"@mongez/reinforcements\";\nimport { getSealConfig, v, type ObjectValidator } from \"@warlock.js/seal\";\nimport type {\n  DriverContract,\n  InsertResult,\n  UpdateOperations,\n  UpdateResult,\n} from \"../contracts/database-driver.contract\";\nimport type {\n  WriterContract,\n  WriterOptions,\n  WriterResult,\n} from \"../contracts/database-writer.contract\";\nimport { mergeDriverFields } from \"../model/methods/accessor-methods\";\nimport { generateModelId } from \"../model/generate-model-id\";\nimport type { ChildModel, Model } from \"../model/model\";\nimport { enqueueSyncFanout } from \"../sync/sync-fanout\";\nimport { triggerModelEvent } from \"../sync/model-events\";\nimport type { StrictMode } from \"../types\";\nimport { DatabaseWriterValidationError } from \"../validation\";\nimport { afterCommit } from \"../transactions/after-commit\";\nimport type { DataSource } from \"./../data-source/data-source\";\n\n/**\n * Database writer service that orchestrates model persistence.\n *\n * Handles the complete save pipeline:\n * 1. Check for changes (skip if no changes and not new)\n * 2. Emit `saving` event (for data enrichment)\n * 3. Emit `validating` event\n * 4. Validate and cast data via @warlock.js/seal schema\n * 5. Emit `validated` event\n * 6. Generate ID (for new NoSQL records)\n * 7. Emit `creating`/`updating` events\n * 8. Execute insert or update via driver\n * 9. Merge returned data into model\n * 10. Reset dirty tracker and update `isNew` flag\n * 11. Emit `saved` and `created`/`updated` events\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * const user = new User({ name: \"Alice\", email: \"alice@example.com\" });\n * const writer = new DatabaseWriter(user);\n * await writer.save();\n *\n * console.log(user.get(\"id\")); // 1 (auto-generated)\n * console.log(user.get(\"_id\")); // ObjectId(\"...\")\n *\n * // Update existing record\n * user.set(\"name\", \"Alice Smith\");\n * await writer.save();\n * // Only updates the \"name\" field (partial update)\n *\n * // Silent save (no events)\n * await writer.save({ skipEvents: true });\n * ```\n */\nexport class DatabaseWriter implements WriterContract {\n  /** The model instance being persisted */\n  private readonly model: Model;\n\n  /** Dirty columns an update validation dropped (strip mode); never written. */\n  private readonly unvalidatedColumns = new Set<string>();\n\n  /** Model constructor reference */\n  private readonly ctor: ChildModel<Model>;\n\n  /** Data source containing driver and ID generator */\n  private readonly dataSource: DataSource;\n\n  /** Database driver for executing queries */\n  private readonly driver: DriverContract;\n\n  /** Table/collection name */\n  private readonly table: string;\n\n  /** Primary key field name */\n  private readonly primaryKey: string;\n\n  /** Validation schema (if defined) */\n  private readonly schema?: ObjectValidator;\n\n  /** Strict mode configuration */\n  private readonly strictMode: StrictMode;\n\n  /**\n   * Create a new writer instance for a model.\n   *\n   * @param model - The model instance to persist\n   *\n   * @example\n   * ```typescript\n   * const user = new User({ name: \"Alice\" });\n   * const writer = new DatabaseWriter(user);\n   * await writer.save();\n   * ```\n   */\n  public constructor(model: Model) {\n    this.model = model;\n    this.ctor = model.constructor as ChildModel<Model>;\n    this.dataSource = this.ctor.getDataSource();\n    this.driver = this.dataSource.driver;\n    this.table = this.ctor.table;\n    this.primaryKey = this.ctor.primaryKey;\n    this.schema = this.ctor.schema;\n    this.strictMode = this.ctor.strictMode;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Save the model instance to the database.\n   *\n   * @param options - Save options\n   * @returns Result with success status, document, and metadata\n   * @throws {ValidationError} If validation fails\n   */\n  public async save(options: WriterOptions = {}): Promise<WriterResult> {\n    const isInsert = this.model.isNew;\n\n    // 1. Check if model has changes (skip if no changes and not new)\n    if (!isInsert && !this.model.hasChanges()) {\n      return {\n        success: true,\n        document: this.model.data,\n        isNew: false,\n        modifiedCount: 0,\n      };\n    }\n\n    // 2. Emit saving event (before validation for data enrichment)\n    if (!options.skipEvents) {\n      await this.model.emitEvent(\"saving\", {\n        isInsert,\n        options,\n        mode: isInsert ? \"insert\" : \"update\",\n      });\n    }\n\n    // 3-4. Execute insert or update (validation happens inside each path)\n    let result: InsertResult | UpdateResult;\n\n    if (isInsert) {\n      result = await this.performInsert(options);\n    } else {\n      await this.validateAndCast(false, options);\n      result = await this.performUpdate(options);\n    }\n\n    // 5. Reset dirty tracker and update isNew flag\n    const changedFields = isInsert ? [] : this.model.getDirtyColumns();\n    this.model.dirtyTracker.reset();\n    this.model.isNew = false;\n\n    // 6. Emit post-save events\n    if (!options.skipEvents) {\n      await this.model.emitEvent(\"saved\");\n      await this.model.emitEvent(isInsert ? \"created\" : \"updated\");\n    }\n\n    // 7. Trigger sync operations after COMMIT (inside a transaction they are\n    // queued, so a rolled-back write never fans out). Failures are logged.\n    if (!options.skipSync && !isInsert) {\n      afterCommit(() => this.triggerSync(changedFields));\n    }\n\n    return {\n      success: true,\n      document: this.model.data,\n      isNew: isInsert,\n      modifiedCount: isInsert\n        ? undefined\n        : (result as UpdateResult).modifiedCount,\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Validate and cast model data using the schema.\n   *\n   * Updates the model's data in-place with validated/casted values.\n   *\n   * @param isInsert - Whether this is an insert operation\n   * @param options - Save options\n   * @throws {ValidationError} If validation fails\n   * @private\n   */\n  private async validateAndCast(\n    isInsert: boolean,\n    options: WriterOptions,\n  ): Promise<void> {\n    // Emit validating event\n    if (!options.skipEvents) {\n      await this.model.emitEvent(\"validating\", {\n        isInsert,\n        options,\n        mode: isInsert ? \"insert\" : \"update\",\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Skip validation if requested or no schema defined\n    if (options.skipValidation || !this.schema) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    // Whitelist the framework-managed system columns so a model carrying them\n    // (id / _id / timestamps / soft-delete deletedAt) validates cleanly instead\n    // of being stripped (strictMode \"strip\") or rejected (strictMode \"fail\").\n    // `when(...)` adds each timestamp/soft-delete column only when configured\n    // (truthy) — the lazy factory means a disabled column (`false`) never even\n    // builds a bogus schema key.\n    //\n    // The whitelist must apply to BOTH insert and update: on insert a caller may\n    // supply a backdated createdAt (e.g. data migrations / imports), and without\n    // the whitelist strictMode \"strip\" silently drops it before it reaches the\n    // writer, while \"fail\" rejects the whole insert.\n    const systemColumns = {\n      id: v.scalar().optional(),\n      _id: v.any().optional(),\n      ...when(this.ctor.createdAtColumn, () => ({\n        [this.ctor.createdAtColumn as string]: v.date().optional(),\n      })),\n      ...when(this.ctor.updatedAtColumn, () => ({\n        [this.ctor.updatedAtColumn as string]: v.date().optional(),\n      })),\n      ...when(this.ctor.deletedAtColumn, () => ({\n        [this.ctor.deletedAtColumn as string]: v.date().optional(),\n      })),\n    };\n\n    // Clone full schema for insert, partial (dirty keys only) for updates.\n    //\n    // An update validates ONLY the dirty columns and merges back only those\n    // keys: columns the schema does not list (migration-added, withCount, ...)\n    // are never touched, so they can no longer be turned into `$unset`.\n    const dataToValidate: Record<string, unknown> = isInsert\n      ? this.model.data\n      : Object.fromEntries(\n          this.model\n            .getDirtyColumns()\n            .filter(column => column in this.model.data)\n            .map(column => [column, this.model.data[column]]),\n        );\n\n    const validationSchema = isInsert\n      ? this.schema.clone().extend(systemColumns)\n      : this.schema.clone(Object.keys(dataToValidate)).extend(systemColumns);\n\n    // Apply strict mode\n    if (this.strictMode === \"strip\") {\n      validationSchema.stripUnknown();\n    } else if (this.strictMode === \"fail\") {\n      validationSchema.allowUnknown(false);\n    } else if (this.strictMode === \"allow\") {\n      validationSchema.allowUnknown(true);\n    }\n\n    // Run validation\n    const result = await v.validate(validationSchema, dataToValidate, {\n      context: {\n        model: this.model,\n      },\n      ...getSealConfig(),\n    });\n\n    if (!result.isValid) {\n      const error = new DatabaseWriterValidationError(\n        `[${this.model.constructor.name} Model] ${isInsert ? \"Insert\" : \"Update\"} Validation failed`,\n        result.errors,\n      );\n      if (!options.skipEvents) {\n        await this.model.emitEvent(\"validated\", { result, error });\n      }\n      throw error;\n    }\n\n    // Update model data with validated/casted data\n    if (isInsert) {\n      this.model.replaceData(result.data);\n    } else {\n      const validated = result.data as Record<string, unknown>;\n\n      for (const column of Object.keys(dataToValidate)) {\n        if (column in validated) {\n          this.model.set(column, validated[column]);\n        } else if (dataToValidate[column] === null && column in validationSchema.schema) {\n          // An explicit null on a KNOWN column that passed validation: an\n          // optional, non-nullable leaf coalesces null to \"absent\" in seal, so\n          // it is missing from the result. It is a deliberate \"clear this\n          // column\", not an unknown one to strip (Real-Estate #18). A required\n          // column never gets here: its rule rejects the null and validation throws.\n          this.model.set(column, null);\n        } else {\n          // Dropped by strictMode \"strip\": never write an unvalidated column.\n          this.unvalidatedColumns.add(column);\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Emit validated event\n    if (!options.skipEvents) {\n      await this.model.emitEvent(\"validated\", { result });\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Validate, cast and id-generate a not-yet-persisted model for `upsert()`.\n   *\n   * Runs the insert-mode pipeline (schema, casts, strictMode, Mongo `id`) but\n   * does not write; the caller sends the resulting data through the driver.\n   */\n  public async prepareForUpsert(): Promise<void> {\n    await this.validateAndCast(true, {});\n    await this.generateNextId();\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Perform an insert operation.\n   *\n   * @param options - Save options\n   * @returns Insert result\n   * @private\n   */\n  private async performInsert(options: WriterOptions): Promise<InsertResult> {\n    const dataToInsert = await this.prepareForInsert(options);\n\n    // INSERT: use full validated data\n    let result: InsertResult;\n\n    try {\n      result = await this.driver.insert(this.table, dataToInsert);\n    } catch (error) {\n      throw this.mapUniqueViolation(error, true);\n    }\n\n    // Merge returned data (e.g., generated _id, timestamps)\n    // Note: We use merge here because the result might not include all fields\n    // (e.g., our generated 'id' field), and we don't want to lose them\n    mergeDriverFields(this.model, result.document as Record<string, unknown>);\n\n    // Reset dirty tracker immediately after merge to prevent\n    // database-generated fields (like _id) from being marked as dirty\n    this.model.dirtyTracker.reset();\n\n    return result;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Run the insert pipeline (validation, casting, id generation, timestamps,\n   * `validating`/`validated`/`creating` hooks) WITHOUT writing.\n   *\n   * `save()` uses this for its insert path, so bulk inserts and single inserts\n   * cannot drift. The caller is responsible for sending the returned document\n   * to the driver.\n   *\n   * @param options - Save options (e.g. `skipEvents`, `skipValidation`)\n   * @returns The prepared document to insert\n   */\n  public async prepareForInsert(options: WriterOptions = {}): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> {\n    // Validate and cast data\n    await this.validateAndCast(true, options);\n\n    // Generate ID if needed (NoSQL only)\n    await this.generateNextId();\n\n    // Get data to insert (already validated and casted)\n    const dataToInsert = this.model.data;\n\n    // Add createdAt and updatedAt to the data (using resolved column names)\n    // The column names are already resolved through the hierarchy:\n    // Model static property > Database config > Driver defaults > undefined\n    //\n    // Only stamp createdAt when the caller did NOT supply one, so a backdated\n    // value (e.g. data migrations / imports) is honored instead of overwritten.\n    // This mirrors the upsert path's guard. updatedAt is always stamped to\n    // reflect the moment the record is persisted.\n    const createdAtColumn = this.ctor.createdAtColumn;\n\n    if (createdAtColumn && dataToInsert[createdAtColumn] == null) {\n      dataToInsert[createdAtColumn] = new Date();\n    }\n\n    const updatedAtColumn = this.ctor.updatedAtColumn;\n    if (updatedAtColumn) {\n      dataToInsert[updatedAtColumn] = new Date();\n    }\n\n    // Emit creating event\n    if (!options.skipEvents) {\n      await this.model.emitEvent(\"creating\");\n    }\n\n    return dataToInsert;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Perform an update operation.\n   *\n   * @param options - Save options\n   * @returns Update result\n   * @private\n   */\n  private async performUpdate(options: WriterOptions): Promise<UpdateResult> {\n    // Emit updating event\n    if (!options.skipEvents) {\n      await this.model.emitEvent(\"updating\");\n    }\n\n    // Update the updatedAt timestamp (using resolved column name)\n    const updatedAtColumn = this.ctor.updatedAtColumn;\n    if (updatedAtColumn) {\n      this.model.set(updatedAtColumn, new Date());\n    }\n\n    if (options.replace) {\n      const document = await this.driver.replace(\n        this.table,\n        this.buildPrimaryKeyFilter(),\n        this.model.data,\n      );\n\n      if (document) {\n        this.model.replaceData(document as Record<string, unknown>);\n      }\n\n      return { modifiedCount: document ? 1 : 0 };\n    }\n\n    // Build operations from dirty tracker\n    const operations = this.buildUpdateOperations();\n\n    // Nothing left to write once identity columns are excluded — don't hand the\n    // driver an empty update document (MongoDB rejects one).\n    if (Object.keys(operations).length === 0) {\n      return { modifiedCount: 0 };\n    }\n\n    // Execute update with operations\n    try {\n      return await this.driver.update(\n        this.table,\n        this.buildPrimaryKeyFilter(),\n        operations,\n      );\n    } catch (error) {\n      throw this.mapUniqueViolation(error, false);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Map a driver unique-constraint violation (Postgres 23505, MongoDB 11000)\n   * to a field validation error, so a lost `unique` race never surfaces as a\n   * 500. Any other error is returned untouched.\n   */\n  private mapUniqueViolation(error: unknown, isInsert: boolean): unknown {\n    const err = error as\n      | {\n          code?: string | number;\n          detail?: string;\n          keyPattern?: Record<string, unknown>;\n          message?: string;\n        }\n      | undefined;\n\n    if (err?.code !== \"23505\" && err?.code !== 11000 && err?.code !== \"11000\") {\n      return error;\n    }\n\n    let field: string | undefined;\n\n    if (err.keyPattern) {\n      field = Object.keys(err.keyPattern)[0];\n    } else {\n      // Postgres: \"Key (email)=(x) already exists.\"\n      field = /Key \\(([^)]+)\\)=/.exec(err.detail ?? \"\")?.[1]?.split(\",\")[0]?.trim();\n    }\n\n    if (!field) {\n      // Mongo: \"index: email_1 dup key\"\n      field = /index: (\\S+?)_-?1\\b/.exec(err.message ?? \"\")?.[1];\n    }\n\n    return new DatabaseWriterValidationError(\n      `[${this.model.constructor.name} Model] ${isInsert ? \"Insert\" : \"Update\"} Validation failed`,\n      [\n        {\n          type: \"unique\",\n          error: `The ${field ?? \"value\"} must be unique`,\n          input: field ?? \"id\",\n        },\n      ],\n    );\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Build the filter that pins a write to the row this model was loaded from.\n   *\n   * It reads `model.trustedPrimaryKey` — the value captured when the instance\n   * became persisted — NOT the current value in `model.data`. The current value\n   * is reachable by mass assignment (`model.merge(req.body)`), so deriving the\n   * filter from it let a request body redirect the UPDATE to another document.\n   *\n   * @returns Filter matching the originally loaded record\n   * @private\n   */\n  private buildPrimaryKeyFilter(): Record<string, unknown> {\n    return { [this.primaryKey]: this.model.trustedPrimaryKey };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate ID for the model if auto-generation is enabled.\n   *\n   * @private\n   */\n  public async generateNextId(): Promise<void> {\n    if (!this.ctor.autoGenerateId || this.model.get(\"id\")) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    const id = await generateModelId(this.ctor);\n\n    if (id === undefined) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    this.model.set(\"id\", id);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Build update operations from the model's dirty tracker.\n   *\n   * Handles both modified fields ($set) and removed fields ($unset).\n   *\n   * @returns Update operations for the driver\n   * @private\n   *\n   * @example\n   * ```typescript\n   * // Model with changes\n   * user.set(\"name\", \"Alice\");\n   * user.unset(\"tempField\");\n   *\n   * const operations = this.buildUpdateOperations();\n   * // {\n   * //   $set: { name: \"Alice\" },\n   * //   $unset: { tempField: 1 }\n   * // }\n   * ```\n   */\n  private buildUpdateOperations(): UpdateOperations {\n    const operations: UpdateOperations = {};\n\n    // Identity columns are never written by an update. The filter pins the row\n    // by its captured primary key, so a dirty `id`/`_id` can only come from\n    // mass assignment or an explicit set() — either way, rewriting the key of\n    // an existing row corrupts identity (and `_id` is immutable in MongoDB).\n    // Changing a primary key is a deliberate operation: use the atomic/raw APIs.\n    const identityColumns = new Set([this.primaryKey, \"id\", \"_id\"]);\n\n    // Top-level fields assigned/unset as a whole (`set(\"nested\", obj)`,\n    // `unset(\"nested\")`) are written as ONE value. Per-leaf operations can only\n    // report the leaves that changed or vanished, so a nested object replaced with\n    // one that has fewer keys would keep its removed keys' empty parents in the\n    // stored document. Dotted-path sets (`set(\"nested.a\", v)`) and merges are\n    // partial by intent and keep going through the per-leaf path below.\n    const replacedColumns = this.model.dirtyTracker\n      .getReplacedColumns()\n      .filter(column => !identityColumns.has(column) && !this.unvalidatedColumns.has(column));\n\n    // A leaf under a whole-written field must not be sent too: MongoDB rejects\n    // an update touching both `nested` and `nested.a`.\n    const isUnderReplaced = (column: string): boolean =>\n      replacedColumns.some(root => column === root || column.startsWith(`${root}.`));\n\n    // Get dirty columns (modified fields)\n    const dirtyColumns = this.model\n      .getDirtyColumns()\n      .filter(\n        column =>\n          !identityColumns.has(column) &&\n          !this.unvalidatedColumns.has(column) &&\n          !isUnderReplaced(column),\n      );\n\n    if (dirtyColumns.length > 0) {\n      operations.$set = {};\n      for (const column of dirtyColumns) {\n        const value = this.model.get(column);\n        if (value === undefined) continue;\n\n        operations.$set[column] = this.model.get(column);\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Get removed columns, collapsed to the highest path that is actually gone so\n    // a parent emptied by an unset is removed too instead of left behind as `{}`.\n    const removedColumns = this.model.dirtyTracker\n      .getRemovedPaths()\n      .filter(column => !identityColumns.has(column) && !isUnderReplaced(column));\n\n    if (removedColumns.length > 0) {\n      operations.$unset = {};\n      for (const column of removedColumns) {\n        operations.$unset[column] = 1;\n      }\n    }\n\n    for (const column of replacedColumns) {\n      const value = this.model.get(column);\n\n      if (value === undefined) {\n        operations.$unset ??= {};\n        operations.$unset[column] = 1;\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      operations.$set ??= {};\n      operations.$set[column] = value;\n    }\n\n    return operations;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Trigger sync operations after successful save.\n   *\n   * Emits a model.updated event that ModelSyncOperation listens to.\n   * The sync is handled by registered sync operations, not directly here.\n   *\n   * @param changedFields - Fields that were changed (for filtering)\n   * @private\n   */\n  private triggerSync(changedFields: string[]): void {\n    enqueueSyncFanout({\n      sourceModel: this.ctor.name,\n      operation: \"update\",\n      execute: () => triggerModelEvent(this.ctor, \"updated\", this.model, changedFields),\n    });\n  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+{"version":3,"file":"database-writer.mjs","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../packages/cascade/src/writer/database-writer.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { when } from \"@mongez/reinforcements\";\nimport { getSealConfig, v, type ObjectValidator } from \"@warlock.js/seal\";\nimport type {\n  DriverContract,\n  InsertResult,\n  UpdateOperations,\n  UpdateResult,\n} from \"../contracts/database-driver.contract\";\nimport type {\n  WriterContract,\n  WriterOptions,\n  WriterResult,\n} from \"../contracts/database-writer.contract\";\nimport { mergeDriverFields } from \"../model/methods/accessor-methods\";\nimport { generateModelId } from \"../model/generate-model-id\";\nimport type { ChildModel, Model } from \"../model/model\";\nimport { enqueueSyncFanout } from \"../sync/sync-fanout\";\nimport { triggerModelEvent } from \"../sync/model-events\";\nimport type { StrictMode } from \"../types\";\nimport { DatabaseWriterValidationError } from \"../validation\";\nimport { afterCommit } from \"../transactions/after-commit\";\nimport type { DataSource } from \"./../data-source/data-source\";\n\n/**\n * Database writer service that orchestrates model persistence.\n *\n * Handles the complete save pipeline:\n * 1. Check for changes (skip if no changes and not new)\n * 2. Emit `saving` event (for data enrichment)\n * 3. Emit `validating` event\n * 4. Validate and cast data via @warlock.js/seal schema\n * 5. Emit `validated` event\n * 6. Generate ID (for new NoSQL records)\n * 7. Emit `creating`/`updating` events\n * 8. Execute insert or update via driver\n * 9. Merge returned data into model\n * 10. Reset dirty tracker and update `isNew` flag\n * 11. Emit `saved` and `created`/`updated` events\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * const user = new User({ name: \"Alice\", email: \"alice@example.com\" });\n * const writer = new DatabaseWriter(user);\n * await writer.save();\n *\n * console.log(user.get(\"id\")); // 1 (auto-generated)\n * console.log(user.get(\"_id\")); // ObjectId(\"...\")\n *\n * // Update existing record\n * user.set(\"name\", \"Alice Smith\");\n * await writer.save();\n * // Only updates the \"name\" field (partial update)\n *\n * // Silent save (no events)\n * await writer.save({ skipEvents: true });\n * ```\n */\nexport class DatabaseWriter implements WriterContract {\n  /** The model instance being persisted */\n  private readonly model: Model;\n\n  /** Dirty columns an update validation dropped (strip mode); never written. */\n  private readonly unvalidatedColumns = new Set<string>();\n\n  /** Model constructor reference */\n  private readonly ctor: ChildModel<Model>;\n\n  /** Data source containing driver and ID generator */\n  private readonly dataSource: DataSource;\n\n  /** Database driver for executing queries */\n  private readonly driver: DriverContract;\n\n  /** Table/collection name */\n  private readonly table: string;\n\n  /** Primary key field name */\n  private readonly primaryKey: string;\n\n  /** Validation schema (if defined) */\n  private readonly schema?: ObjectValidator;\n\n  /** Strict mode configuration */\n  private readonly strictMode: StrictMode;\n\n  /**\n   * Create a new writer instance for a model.\n   *\n   * @param model - The model instance to persist\n   *\n   * @example\n   * ```typescript\n   * const user = new User({ name: \"Alice\" });\n   * const writer = new DatabaseWriter(user);\n   * await writer.save();\n   * ```\n   */\n  public constructor(model: Model) {\n    this.model = model;\n    this.ctor = model.constructor as ChildModel<Model>;\n    this.dataSource = this.ctor.getDataSource();\n    this.driver = this.dataSource.driver;\n    this.table = this.ctor.table;\n    this.primaryKey = this.ctor.primaryKey;\n    this.schema = this.ctor.schema;\n    this.strictMode = this.ctor.strictMode;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Save the model instance to the database.\n   *\n   * @param options - Save options\n   * @returns Result with success status, document, and metadata\n   * @throws {ValidationError} If validation fails\n   */\n  public async save(options: WriterOptions = {}): Promise<WriterResult> {\n    const isInsert = this.model.isNew;\n\n    // 1. Check if model has changes (skip if no changes and not new)\n    if (!isInsert && !this.model.hasChanges()) {\n      return {\n        success: true,\n        document: this.model.data,\n        isNew: false,\n        modifiedCount: 0,\n      };\n    }\n\n    // 2. Emit saving event (before validation for data enrichment)\n    if (!options.skipEvents) {\n      await this.model.emitEvent(\"saving\", {\n        isInsert,\n        options,\n        mode: isInsert ? \"insert\" : \"update\",\n      });\n    }\n\n    // 3-4. Execute insert or update (validation happens inside each path)\n    let result: InsertResult | UpdateResult;\n\n    if (isInsert) {\n      result = await this.performInsert(options);\n    } else {\n      await this.validateAndCast(false, options);\n      result = await this.performUpdate(options);\n    }\n\n    // 5. Reset dirty tracker and update isNew flag\n    const changedFields = isInsert ? [] : this.model.getDirtyColumns();\n    this.model.dirtyTracker.reset();\n    this.model.isNew = false;\n\n    // 6. Emit post-save events\n    if (!options.skipEvents) {\n      await this.model.emitEvent(\"saved\");\n      await this.model.emitEvent(isInsert ? \"created\" : \"updated\");\n    }\n\n    // 7. Trigger sync operations after COMMIT (inside a transaction they are\n    // queued, so a rolled-back write never fans out). Failures are logged.\n    if (!options.skipSync && !isInsert) {\n      afterCommit(() => this.triggerSync(changedFields));\n    }\n\n    return {\n      success: true,\n      document: this.model.data,\n      isNew: isInsert,\n      modifiedCount: isInsert ? undefined : (result as UpdateResult).modifiedCount,\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Validate and cast model data using the schema.\n   *\n   * Updates the model's data in-place with validated/casted values.\n   *\n   * @param isInsert - Whether this is an insert operation\n   * @param options - Save options\n   * @throws {ValidationError} If validation fails\n   * @private\n   */\n  private async validateAndCast(isInsert: boolean, options: WriterOptions): Promise<void> {\n    // Emit validating event\n    if (!options.skipEvents) {\n      await this.model.emitEvent(\"validating\", {\n        isInsert,\n        options,\n        mode: isInsert ? \"insert\" : \"update\",\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Skip validation if requested or no schema defined\n    if (options.skipValidation || !this.schema) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    // Whitelist the framework-managed system columns so a model carrying them\n    // (id / _id / timestamps / soft-delete deletedAt) validates cleanly instead\n    // of being stripped (strictMode \"strip\") or rejected (strictMode \"fail\").\n    // `when(...)` adds each timestamp/soft-delete column only when configured\n    // (truthy) — the lazy factory means a disabled column (`false`) never even\n    // builds a bogus schema key.\n    //\n    // The whitelist must apply to BOTH insert and update: on insert a caller may\n    // supply a backdated createdAt (e.g. data migrations / imports), and without\n    // the whitelist strictMode \"strip\" silently drops it before it reaches the\n    // writer, while \"fail\" rejects the whole insert.\n    const systemColumns = {\n      id: v.scalar().optional(),\n      _id: v.any().optional(),\n      ...when(this.ctor.createdAtColumn, () => ({\n        [this.ctor.createdAtColumn as string]: v.date().optional(),\n      })),\n      ...when(this.ctor.updatedAtColumn, () => ({\n        [this.ctor.updatedAtColumn as string]: v.date().optional(),\n      })),\n      ...when(this.ctor.deletedAtColumn, () => ({\n        [this.ctor.deletedAtColumn as string]: v.date().optional(),\n      })),\n    };\n\n    // Clone full schema for insert, partial (dirty keys only) for updates.\n    //\n    // An update validates ONLY the dirty columns and merges back only those\n    // keys: columns the schema does not list (migration-added, withCount, ...)\n    // are never touched, so they can no longer be turned into `$unset`.\n    const dataToValidate: Record<string, unknown> = isInsert\n      ? this.model.data\n      : Object.fromEntries(\n          this.model\n            .getDirtyColumns()\n            .filter((column) => column in this.model.data)\n            .map((column) => [column, this.model.data[column]]),\n        );\n\n    const validationSchema = isInsert\n      ? this.schema.clone().extend(systemColumns)\n      : this.schema.clone(Object.keys(dataToValidate)).extend(systemColumns);\n\n    // Apply strict mode\n    if (this.strictMode === \"strip\") {\n      validationSchema.stripUnknown();\n    } else if (this.strictMode === \"fail\") {\n      validationSchema.allowUnknown(false);\n    } else if (this.strictMode === \"allow\") {\n      validationSchema.allowUnknown(true);\n    }\n\n    // Run validation\n    const result = await v.validate(validationSchema, dataToValidate, {\n      context: {\n        model: this.model,\n      },\n      ...getSealConfig(),\n    });\n\n    if (!result.isValid) {\n      const error = new DatabaseWriterValidationError(\n        `[${this.model.constructor.name} Model] ${isInsert ? \"Insert\" : \"Update\"} Validation failed`,\n        result.errors,\n      );\n      if (!options.skipEvents) {\n        await this.model.emitEvent(\"validated\", { result, error });\n      }\n      throw error;\n    }\n\n    // Update model data with validated/casted data\n    if (isInsert) {\n      this.model.replaceData(result.data);\n    } else {\n      const validated = result.data as Record<string, unknown>;\n\n      for (const column of Object.keys(dataToValidate)) {\n        if (column in validated) {\n          this.model.set(column, validated[column]);\n        } else if (dataToValidate[column] === null && column in validationSchema.schema) {\n          // An explicit null on a KNOWN column that passed validation: an\n          // optional, non-nullable leaf coalesces null to \"absent\" in seal, so\n          // it is missing from the result. It is a deliberate \"clear this\n          // column\", not an unknown one to strip (Real-Estate #18). A required\n          // column never gets here: its rule rejects the null and validation throws.\n          this.model.set(column, null);\n        } else {\n          // Dropped by strictMode \"strip\": never write an unvalidated column.\n          this.unvalidatedColumns.add(column);\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Emit validated event\n    if (!options.skipEvents) {\n      await this.model.emitEvent(\"validated\", { result });\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Validate, cast and id-generate a not-yet-persisted model for `upsert()`.\n   *\n   * Runs the insert-mode pipeline (schema, casts, strictMode, Mongo `id`) but\n   * does not write; the caller sends the resulting data through the driver.\n   */\n  public async prepareForUpsert(): Promise<void> {\n    await this.validateAndCast(true, {});\n    await this.generateNextId();\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Perform an insert operation.\n   *\n   * @param options - Save options\n   * @returns Insert result\n   * @private\n   */\n  private async performInsert(options: WriterOptions): Promise<InsertResult> {\n    const dataToInsert = await this.prepareForInsert(options);\n\n    // INSERT: use full validated data\n    let result: InsertResult;\n\n    try {\n      result = await this.driver.insert(this.table, dataToInsert);\n    } catch (error) {\n      throw this.mapUniqueViolation(error, true);\n    }\n\n    // Merge returned data (e.g., generated _id, timestamps)\n    // Note: We use merge here because the result might not include all fields\n    // (e.g., our generated 'id' field), and we don't want to lose them\n    mergeDriverFields(this.model, result.document as Record<string, unknown>);\n\n    // Reset dirty tracker immediately after merge to prevent\n    // database-generated fields (like _id) from being marked as dirty\n    this.model.dirtyTracker.reset();\n\n    return result;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Run the insert pipeline (validation, casting, id generation, timestamps,\n   * `validating`/`validated`/`creating` hooks) WITHOUT writing.\n   *\n   * `save()` uses this for its insert path, so bulk inserts and single inserts\n   * cannot drift. The caller is responsible for sending the returned document\n   * to the driver.\n   *\n   * @param options - Save options (e.g. `skipEvents`, `skipValidation`)\n   * @returns The prepared document to insert\n   */\n  public async prepareForInsert(options: WriterOptions = {}): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> {\n    // Validate and cast data\n    await this.validateAndCast(true, options);\n\n    // Generate ID if needed (NoSQL only)\n    await this.generateNextId();\n\n    // Get data to insert (already validated and casted)\n    const dataToInsert = this.model.data;\n\n    // Add createdAt and updatedAt to the data (using resolved column names)\n    // The column names are already resolved through the hierarchy:\n    // Model static property > Database config > Driver defaults > undefined\n    //\n    // Only stamp createdAt when the caller did NOT supply one, so a backdated\n    // value (e.g. data migrations / imports) is honored instead of overwritten.\n    // This mirrors the upsert path's guard. updatedAt is always stamped to\n    // reflect the moment the record is persisted.\n    const createdAtColumn = this.ctor.createdAtColumn;\n\n    if (createdAtColumn && dataToInsert[createdAtColumn] == null) {\n      dataToInsert[createdAtColumn] = new Date();\n    }\n\n    const updatedAtColumn = this.ctor.updatedAtColumn;\n    if (updatedAtColumn) {\n      dataToInsert[updatedAtColumn] = new Date();\n    }\n\n    // Emit creating event\n    if (!options.skipEvents) {\n      await this.model.emitEvent(\"creating\");\n    }\n\n    return dataToInsert;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Perform an update operation.\n   *\n   * @param options - Save options\n   * @returns Update result\n   * @private\n   */\n  private async performUpdate(options: WriterOptions): Promise<UpdateResult> {\n    // Emit updating event\n    if (!options.skipEvents) {\n      await this.model.emitEvent(\"updating\");\n    }\n\n    // Update the updatedAt timestamp (using resolved column name)\n    const updatedAtColumn = this.ctor.updatedAtColumn;\n    if (updatedAtColumn) {\n      this.model.set(updatedAtColumn, new Date());\n    }\n\n    if (options.replace) {\n      const document = await this.driver.replace(\n        this.table,\n        this.buildPrimaryKeyFilter(),\n        this.model.data,\n      );\n\n      if (document) {\n        this.model.replaceData(document as Record<string, unknown>);\n      }\n\n      return { modifiedCount: document ? 1 : 0 };\n    }\n\n    // Build operations from dirty tracker\n    const operations = this.buildUpdateOperations();\n\n    // Nothing left to write once identity columns are excluded — don't hand the\n    // driver an empty update document (MongoDB rejects one).\n    if (Object.keys(operations).length === 0) {\n      return { modifiedCount: 0 };\n    }\n\n    // Execute update with operations\n    try {\n      return await this.driver.update(this.table, this.buildPrimaryKeyFilter(), operations);\n    } catch (error) {\n      throw this.mapUniqueViolation(error, false);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Map a driver unique-constraint violation (Postgres 23505, MongoDB 11000)\n   * to a field validation error, so a lost `unique` race never surfaces as a\n   * 500. Any other error is returned untouched.\n   */\n  private mapUniqueViolation(error: unknown, isInsert: boolean): unknown {\n    const err = error as\n      | {\n          code?: string | number;\n          detail?: string;\n          keyPattern?: Record<string, unknown>;\n          message?: string;\n        }\n      | undefined;\n\n    if (err?.code !== \"23505\" && err?.code !== 11000 && err?.code !== \"11000\") {\n      return error;\n    }\n\n    let field: string | undefined;\n\n    if (err.keyPattern) {\n      field = Object.keys(err.keyPattern)[0];\n    } else {\n      // Postgres: \"Key (email)=(x) already exists.\"\n      field = /Key \\(([^)]+)\\)=/\n        .exec(err.detail ?? \"\")?.[1]\n        ?.split(\",\")[0]\n        ?.trim();\n    }\n\n    if (!field) {\n      // Mongo: \"index: email_1 dup key\"\n      field = /index: (\\S+?)_-?1\\b/.exec(err.message ?? \"\")?.[1];\n    }\n\n    return new DatabaseWriterValidationError(\n      `[${this.model.constructor.name} Model] ${isInsert ? \"Insert\" : \"Update\"} Validation failed`,\n      [\n        {\n          type: \"unique\",\n          error: `The ${field ?? \"value\"} must be unique`,\n          input: field ?? \"id\",\n        },\n      ],\n    );\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Build the filter that pins a write to the row this model was loaded from.\n   *\n   * It reads `model.trustedPrimaryKey` — the value captured when the instance\n   * became persisted — NOT the current value in `model.data`. The current value\n   * is reachable by mass assignment (`model.merge(req.body)`), so deriving the\n   * filter from it let a request body redirect the UPDATE to another document.\n   *\n   * @returns Filter matching the originally loaded record\n   * @private\n   */\n  private buildPrimaryKeyFilter(): Record<string, unknown> {\n    return { [this.primaryKey]: this.model.trustedPrimaryKey };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Generate ID for the model if auto-generation is enabled.\n   *\n   * @private\n   */\n  public async generateNextId(): Promise<void> {\n    if (!this.ctor.autoGenerateId || this.model.get(\"id\")) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    const id = await generateModelId(this.ctor);\n\n    if (id === undefined) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    this.model.set(\"id\", id);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Build update operations from the model's dirty tracker.\n   *\n   * Handles both modified fields ($set) and removed fields ($unset).\n   *\n   * @returns Update operations for the driver\n   * @private\n   *\n   * @example\n   * ```typescript\n   * // Model with changes\n   * user.set(\"name\", \"Alice\");\n   * user.unset(\"tempField\");\n   *\n   * const operations = this.buildUpdateOperations();\n   * // {\n   * //   $set: { name: \"Alice\" },\n   * //   $unset: { tempField: 1 }\n   * // }\n   * ```\n   */\n  private buildUpdateOperations(): UpdateOperations {\n    const operations: UpdateOperations = {};\n\n    // Identity columns are never written by an update. The filter pins the row\n    // by its captured primary key, so a dirty `id`/`_id` can only come from\n    // mass assignment or an explicit set() — either way, rewriting the key of\n    // an existing row corrupts identity (and `_id` is immutable in MongoDB).\n    // Changing a primary key is a deliberate operation: use the atomic/raw APIs.\n    const identityColumns = new Set([this.primaryKey, \"id\", \"_id\"]);\n\n    // Top-level fields assigned/unset as a whole (`set(\"nested\", obj)`,\n    // `unset(\"nested\")`) are written as ONE value. Per-leaf operations can only\n    // report the leaves that changed or vanished, so a nested object replaced with\n    // one that has fewer keys would keep its removed keys' empty parents in the\n    // stored document. Dotted-path sets (`set(\"nested.a\", v)`) and merges are\n    // partial by intent and keep going through the per-leaf path below.\n    const replacedColumns = this.model.dirtyTracker\n      .getReplacedColumns()\n      .filter((column) => !identityColumns.has(column) && !this.unvalidatedColumns.has(column));\n\n    // A leaf under a whole-written field must not be sent too: MongoDB rejects\n    // an update touching both `nested` and `nested.a`.\n    const isUnderReplaced = (column: string): boolean =>\n      replacedColumns.some((root) => column === root || column.startsWith(`${root}.`));\n\n    // Get dirty columns (modified fields)\n    const dirtyColumns = this.model\n      .getDirtyColumns()\n      .filter(\n        (column) =>\n          !identityColumns.has(column) &&\n          !this.unvalidatedColumns.has(column) &&\n          !isUnderReplaced(column),\n      );\n\n    if (dirtyColumns.length > 0) {\n      operations.$set = {};\n      for (const column of dirtyColumns) {\n        const value = this.model.get(column);\n        if (value === undefined) continue;\n\n        operations.$set[column] = this.model.get(column);\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Get removed columns, collapsed to the highest path that is actually gone so\n    // a parent emptied by an unset is removed too instead of left behind as `{}`.\n    const removedColumns = this.model.dirtyTracker\n      .getRemovedPaths()\n      .filter((column) => !identityColumns.has(column) && !isUnderReplaced(column));\n\n    if (removedColumns.length > 0) {\n      operations.$unset = {};\n      for (const column of removedColumns) {\n        operations.$unset[column] = 1;\n      }\n    }\n\n    for (const column of replacedColumns) {\n      const value = this.model.get(column);\n\n      if (value === undefined) {\n        operations.$unset ??= {};\n        operations.$unset[column] = 1;\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      operations.$set ??= {};\n      operations.$set[column] = value;\n    }\n\n    return operations;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Trigger sync operations after successful save.\n   *\n   * Emits a model.updated event that ModelSyncOperation listens to.\n   * The sync is handled by registered sync operations, not directly here.\n   *\n   * @param changedFields - Fields that were changed (for filtering)\n   * @private\n   */\n  private triggerSync(changedFields: string[]): void {\n    enqueueSyncFanout({\n      sourceModel: this.ctor.name,\n      operation: \"update\",\n      execute: () => triggerModelEvent(this.ctor, \"updated\", this.model, changedFields),\n    });\n  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