@warlock.js/cascade 4.4.0 → 4.6.0

package/esm/drivers/postgres/postgres-query-parser.mjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"postgres-query-parser.mjs","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../@warlock.js/cascade/src/drivers/postgres/postgres-query-parser.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * PostgreSQL Query Parser\n *\n * Translates Cascade query operations into PostgreSQL SQL queries.\n * Mirrors the MongoQueryParser pattern but generates SQL instead\n * of MongoDB aggregation pipelines.\n *\n * @module cascade/drivers/postgres\n */\n\nimport type {\n  DriverQuery,\n  JoinOptions,\n  WhereOperator,\n} from \"../../contracts/query-builder.contract\";\nimport type { SqlDialectContract } from \"../sql/sql-dialect.contract\";\n\nimport { PostgresDialect } from \"./postgres-dialect\";\n\n/**\n * Operation types supported by the query parser.\n */\nexport type PostgresOperationType =\n  // WHERE operations\n  | \"where\"\n  | \"orWhere\"\n  | \"whereRaw\"\n  | \"orWhereRaw\"\n  | \"whereIn\"\n  | \"whereNotIn\"\n  | \"whereNull\"\n  | \"whereNotNull\"\n  | \"whereBetween\"\n  | \"whereNotBetween\"\n  | \"whereLike\"\n  | \"whereNotLike\"\n  | \"whereColumn\"\n  | \"orWhereColumn\"\n  | \"whereExists\"\n  | \"whereNotExists\"\n  | \"whereDate\"\n  | \"whereDateBefore\"\n  | \"whereDateAfter\"\n  | \"whereDateBetween\"\n  | \"whereJsonContains\"\n  | \"whereJsonDoesntContain\"\n  | \"whereFullText\"\n  // SELECT operations\n  | \"select\"\n  | \"selectRaw\"\n  | \"deselect\"\n  // JOIN operations\n  | \"join\"\n  | \"leftJoin\"\n  | \"rightJoin\"\n  | \"innerJoin\"\n  | \"fullJoin\"\n  | \"crossJoin\"\n  | \"joinRaw\"\n  // ORDER operations\n  | \"orderBy\"\n  | \"orderByRaw\"\n  // GROUP operations\n  | \"groupBy\"\n  | \"having\"\n  | \"havingRaw\"\n  // LIMIT operations\n  | \"limit\"\n  | \"offset\"\n  // RELATION operations\n  | \"has\"\n  | \"whereHas\"\n  | \"doesntHave\"\n  | \"whereDoesntHave\"\n  // joinWith operations\n  | \"selectRelatedColumns\"\n  // Other\n  | \"distinct\";\n\n/**\n * Internal operation representation.\n */\nexport type PostgresParserOperation = {\n  /** Operation type */\n  readonly type: PostgresOperationType;\n  /** Operation data/parameters */\n  readonly data: Record<string, unknown>;\n};\n\n/**\n * Parser configuration options.\n */\nexport type PostgresParserOptions = {\n  /** Target table name */\n  readonly table: string;\n  /** Table alias (optional) */\n  readonly alias?: string;\n  /** Operations to parse */\n  readonly operations: PostgresParserOperation[];\n  /** SQL dialect for syntax generation */\n  readonly dialect?: SqlDialectContract;\n  /** Factory for creating sub-parsers (for nested queries) */\n  readonly createSubParser?: (table: string) => PostgresQueryParser;\n};\n\n/**\n * PostgreSQL Query Parser.\n *\n * Converts a list of query operations into a SQL query string with parameters.\n * Handles SELECT, WHERE, JOIN, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, LIMIT/OFFSET clauses.\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * const parser = new PostgresQueryParser({\n *   table: 'users',\n *   operations: [\n *     { type: 'where', data: { field: 'name', operator: '=', value: 'Alice' } },\n *     { type: 'orderBy', data: { field: 'createdAt', direction: 'desc' } },\n *     { type: 'limit', data: { value: 10 } }\n *   ]\n * });\n *\n * const { sql, params } = parser.parse();\n * // sql: 'SELECT * FROM \"users\" WHERE \"name\" = $1 ORDER BY \"createdAt\" DESC LIMIT 10'\n * // params: ['Alice']\n * ```\n */\nexport class PostgresQueryParser {\n  /**\n   * Target table name.\n   */\n  private readonly table: string;\n\n  /**\n   * Table alias.\n   */\n  private readonly alias?: string;\n\n  /**\n   * Operations to process.\n   */\n  private readonly operations: PostgresParserOperation[];\n\n  /**\n   * SQL dialect for syntax.\n   */\n  private readonly dialect: SqlDialectContract;\n\n  /**\n   * Current parameter index (1-based for PostgreSQL).\n   */\n  private paramIndex = 1;\n\n  /**\n   * Collected parameters.\n   */\n  private readonly params: unknown[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * SELECT columns.\n   */\n  public selectColumns: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * Deselected (excluded) columns.\n   */\n  private deselectColumns: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * Raw SELECT expressions.\n   */\n  private selectRaw: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * WHERE clauses.\n   */\n  public whereClauses: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * JOIN clauses.\n   */\n  private joinClauses: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * ORDER BY clauses.\n   */\n  public orderClauses: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * GROUP BY columns.\n   */\n  private groupColumns: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * HAVING clauses.\n   */\n  private havingClauses: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * LIMIT value.\n   */\n  public limitValue?: number;\n\n  /**\n   * OFFSET value.\n   */\n  public offsetValue?: number;\n\n  /**\n   * DISTINCT flag.\n   */\n  private isDistinct = false;\n\n  /**\n   * Whether the query has any JOIN operations (pre-scanned before processing).\n   * Used by qualifyColumn() to decide whether to prefix columns with the main table.\n   */\n  private hasJoins = false;\n\n  /**\n   * Tracked joined tables (for table reference detection).\n   */\n  private readonly joinedTables = new Set<string>();\n\n  /**\n   * Create a new query parser.\n   *\n   * @param options - Parser configuration\n   */\n  public constructor(options: PostgresParserOptions) {\n    this.table = options.table;\n    this.alias = options.alias;\n    this.operations = options.operations;\n    this.dialect = options.dialect ?? new PostgresDialect();\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Parse all operations and build the SQL query.\n   *\n   * @returns DriverQuery with `query` (SQL string) and `bindings` (parameter values)\n   */\n  public parse(): DriverQuery {\n    // Pre-scan for any join operations so qualifyColumn() can prefix columns\n    // correctly even when WHERE clauses appear before JOINs in the operations list.\n    const JOIN_TYPES = new Set([\n      \"join\",\n      \"leftJoin\",\n      \"rightJoin\",\n      \"innerJoin\",\n      \"fullJoin\",\n      \"crossJoin\",\n      \"joinRaw\",\n    ]);\n\n    this.hasJoins = false;\n\n    // First pass: locate all joins and populate joinedTables for accurate JSON path detection\n    for (const operation of this.operations) {\n      if (JOIN_TYPES.has(operation.type)) {\n        this.hasJoins = true;\n        const data = operation.data as any;\n        const joinTable = data.table as string;\n        const alias = data.alias as string;\n\n        if (joinTable) this.joinedTables.add(joinTable);\n        if (alias) this.joinedTables.add(alias);\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Process each operation\n    for (const operation of this.operations) {\n      this.processOperation(operation);\n    }\n\n    // Build the final SQL query\n    const query = this.buildSql();\n\n    return { query, bindings: this.params };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Get a formatted string representation of the query.\n   *\n   * @returns Formatted SQL with bindings\n   */\n  public toPrettyString(): string {\n    const { query = \"\", bindings } = this.parse();\n    return `${query}\\n-- Bindings: ${JSON.stringify(bindings ?? [])}`;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process a single operation.\n   *\n   * @param operation - The operation to process\n   */\n  private processOperation(operation: PostgresParserOperation): void {\n    const { type, data } = operation;\n\n    switch (type) {\n      // WHERE operations\n      case \"where\":\n        this.processWhere(data, \"AND\");\n        break;\n      case \"orWhere\":\n        this.processWhere(data, \"OR\");\n        break;\n      case \"whereRaw\":\n        this.processWhereRaw(data, \"AND\");\n        break;\n      case \"orWhereRaw\":\n        this.processWhereRaw(data, \"OR\");\n        break;\n      case \"whereIn\":\n        this.processWhereIn(data, false);\n        break;\n      case \"whereNotIn\":\n        this.processWhereIn(data, true);\n        break;\n      case \"whereNull\":\n        this.processWhereNull(data, false);\n        break;\n      case \"whereNotNull\":\n        this.processWhereNull(data, true);\n        break;\n      case \"whereBetween\":\n        this.processWhereBetween(data, false);\n        break;\n      case \"whereNotBetween\":\n        this.processWhereBetween(data, true);\n        break;\n      case \"whereLike\":\n        this.processWhereLike(data, false);\n        break;\n      case \"whereNotLike\":\n        this.processWhereLike(data, true);\n        break;\n      case \"whereColumn\":\n        this.processWhereColumn(data, \"AND\");\n        break;\n      case \"orWhereColumn\":\n        this.processWhereColumn(data, \"OR\");\n        break;\n      case \"whereJsonContains\":\n        this.processWhereJsonContains(data, false);\n        break;\n      case \"whereJsonDoesntContain\":\n        this.processWhereJsonContains(data, true);\n        break;\n      case \"whereFullText\":\n        this.processWhereFullText(data);\n        break;\n\n      // SELECT operations\n      case \"select\":\n        this.processSelect(data);\n        break;\n      case \"selectRaw\":\n        this.processSelectRaw(data);\n        break;\n      case \"deselect\":\n        this.processDeselect(data);\n        break;\n\n      // JOIN operations\n      case \"join\":\n      case \"innerJoin\":\n        this.processJoin(data, \"INNER\");\n        break;\n      case \"leftJoin\":\n        this.processJoin(data, \"LEFT\");\n        break;\n      case \"rightJoin\":\n        this.processJoin(data, \"RIGHT\");\n        break;\n      case \"fullJoin\":\n        this.processJoin(data, \"FULL OUTER\");\n        break;\n      case \"crossJoin\":\n        this.processCrossJoin(data);\n        break;\n      case \"joinRaw\":\n        this.processJoinRaw(data);\n        break;\n\n      // ORDER operations\n      case \"orderBy\":\n        this.processOrderBy(data);\n        break;\n      case \"orderByRaw\":\n        this.processOrderByRaw(data);\n        break;\n\n      // GROUP operations\n      case \"groupBy\":\n        this.processGroupBy(data);\n        break;\n      case \"having\":\n        this.processHaving(data);\n        break;\n      case \"havingRaw\":\n        this.processHavingRaw(data);\n        break;\n\n      // LIMIT operations\n      case \"limit\":\n        this.limitValue = data.value as number;\n        break;\n      case \"offset\":\n        this.offsetValue = data.value as number;\n        break;\n\n      // Other\n      case \"distinct\":\n        this.isDistinct = true;\n        break;\n\n      // joinWith select related columns\n      case \"selectRelatedColumns\":\n        this.processSelectRelatedColumns(data);\n        break;\n\n      default:\n        // Unknown operation - ignore or throw\n        break;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Build the final SQL query from collected clauses.\n   *\n   * @returns Complete SQL query string\n   */\n  private buildSql(): string {\n    const parts: string[] = [];\n\n    // SELECT clause\n    parts.push(this.buildSelectClause());\n\n    // FROM clause\n    const quotedTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(this.table);\n    const fromClause = this.alias\n      ? `FROM ${quotedTable} AS ${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(this.alias)}`\n      : `FROM ${quotedTable}`;\n    parts.push(fromClause);\n\n    // JOIN clauses\n    if (this.joinClauses.length > 0) {\n      parts.push(this.joinClauses.join(\" \"));\n    }\n\n    // WHERE clause\n    if (this.whereClauses.length > 0) {\n      parts.push(`WHERE ${this.whereClauses.join(\" \")}`);\n    }\n\n    // GROUP BY clause\n    if (this.groupColumns.length > 0) {\n      const quotedCols = this.groupColumns.map((c) => this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(c));\n      parts.push(`GROUP BY ${quotedCols.join(\", \")}`);\n    }\n\n    // HAVING clause\n    if (this.havingClauses.length > 0) {\n      parts.push(`HAVING ${this.havingClauses.join(\" AND \")}`);\n    }\n\n    // ORDER BY clause\n    if (this.orderClauses.length > 0) {\n      parts.push(`ORDER BY ${this.orderClauses.join(\", \")}`);\n    }\n\n    // LIMIT/OFFSET\n    const limitOffset = this.dialect.limitOffset(this.limitValue, this.offsetValue);\n    if (limitOffset) {\n      parts.push(limitOffset);\n    }\n\n    return parts.join(\" \");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Build the SELECT clause.\n   *\n   * @returns SELECT clause string\n   */\n  private buildSelectClause(): string {\n    const distinct = this.isDistinct ? \"DISTINCT \" : \"\";\n\n    // If no specific columns, select all — qualify with main table when joins present\n    if (this.selectColumns.length === 0 && this.selectRaw.length === 0) {\n      return this.hasJoins\n        ? `SELECT ${distinct}${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(this.table)}.*`\n        : `SELECT ${distinct}*`;\n    }\n\n    const columns: string[] = [];\n\n    // Add selected columns — prefix with main table when joins present to avoid ambiguity\n    for (const col of this.selectColumns) {\n      if (!this.deselectColumns.includes(col)) {\n        columns.push(this.parseColumnIdentifier(col, this.table, this.alias));\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Add raw expressions\n    columns.push(...this.selectRaw);\n\n    return `SELECT ${distinct}${columns.join(\", \")}`;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Add a placeholder and parameter.\n   *\n   * @param value - Parameter value\n   * @returns Placeholder string ($1, $2, etc.)\n   */\n  private addParam(value: unknown): string {\n    this.params.push(value);\n    return this.dialect.placeholder(this.paramIndex++);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Absorb a sub-parser's params into this parser, returning a rewriter\n   * function that translates the sub-parser's `$N` placeholders into freshly\n   * numbered placeholders in this parser's namespace.\n   *\n   * Required whenever sub-parser SQL fragments (e.g. WHERE clauses produced\n   * for a `joinWith` constraint) are spliced into the outer query — without\n   * the rewrite the embedded `$N` references point at parameters this\n   * parser has no knowledge of, leaving them dangling in the final SQL.\n   *\n   * The sub-parser's `params[i]` corresponds to its `$(i+1)` placeholder\n   * (its `paramIndex` always starts at 1), so we map sequentially.\n   *\n   * @example\n   *   const renumber = this.absorbSubParserParams(subParser);\n   *   const fragment = renumber(subParser.whereClauses.join(\" \"));\n   */\n  private absorbSubParserParams(subParser: PostgresQueryParser): (sql: string) => string {\n    if (subParser.params.length === 0) {\n      return (sql) => sql;\n    }\n\n    const oldToNew = new Map<string, string>();\n\n    for (let index = 0; index < subParser.params.length; index++) {\n      const newPlaceholder = this.addParam(subParser.params[index]);\n      oldToNew.set(`$${index + 1}`, newPlaceholder);\n    }\n\n    return (sql) => sql.replace(/\\$\\d+/g, (match) => oldToNew.get(match) ?? match);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process a basic WHERE operation.\n   *\n   * Delegates to specialised processors for operators that require more than a\n   * single placeholder (between, in, like-variants, exists, etc.).\n   */\n  private processWhere(data: Record<string, unknown>, boolean: \"AND\" | \"OR\"): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const operator = (data.operator as WhereOperator) ?? \"=\";\n    const value = data.value;\n\n    // Delegate to specialised processors for operators that need it\n    switch (operator) {\n      case \"between\":\n        return this.processWhereBetween({ field, range: value as [unknown, unknown] }, false);\n      case \"notBetween\":\n        return this.processWhereBetween({ field, range: value as [unknown, unknown] }, true);\n      case \"in\":\n        return this.processWhereIn({ field, values: value as unknown[] }, false);\n      case \"notIn\":\n        return this.processWhereIn({ field, values: value as unknown[] }, true);\n      case \"like\":\n      case \"ilike\":\n      case \"startsWith\":\n      case \"endsWith\":\n        return this.processWhereLike({ field, pattern: value as string }, false);\n      case \"notLike\":\n      case \"notStartsWith\":\n      case \"notEndsWith\":\n        return this.processWhereLike({ field, pattern: value as string }, true);\n      case \"exists\":\n        // EXISTS expects value to be a raw sub-query string\n        return this.addWhereClause(`EXISTS (${value})`, boolean);\n    }\n\n    const quotedField = this.parseColumnIdentifier(field, this.table, this.alias);\n\n    if (value === null) {\n      const nullOperator = operator === \"!=\" ? \"IS NOT NULL\" : \"IS NULL\";\n      return this.addWhereClause(`${quotedField} ${nullOperator}`, boolean);\n    }\n\n    // Simple single-value operator — fall through to generic path\n    const placeholder = this.addParam(value);\n    this.addWhereClause(`${quotedField} ${this.mapOperator(operator)} ${placeholder}`, boolean);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process a raw WHERE operation.\n   */\n  private processWhereRaw(data: Record<string, unknown>, boolean: \"AND\" | \"OR\"): void {\n    const expression = data.expression as string;\n    const bindings = (data.bindings as unknown[]) ?? [];\n\n    // Replace ? placeholders with $n\n    let processed = expression;\n    for (const binding of bindings) {\n      processed = processed.replace(\"?\", this.addParam(binding));\n    }\n\n    this.addWhereClause(processed, boolean);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process WHERE IN / NOT IN.\n   */\n  private processWhereIn(data: Record<string, unknown>, negate: boolean): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const values = data.values as unknown[];\n\n    const quotedField = this.parseColumnIdentifier(field, this.table, this.alias);\n    const operator = negate ? \"!= ALL\" : \"= ANY\";\n    const placeholder = this.addParam(values);\n\n    this.addWhereClause(`${quotedField} ${operator}(${placeholder})`, \"AND\");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process WHERE NULL / NOT NULL.\n   */\n  private processWhereNull(data: Record<string, unknown>, negate: boolean): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const quotedField = this.parseColumnIdentifier(field, this.table, this.alias);\n    const clause = negate ? `${quotedField} IS NOT NULL` : `${quotedField} IS NULL`;\n    this.addWhereClause(clause, \"AND\");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process WHERE BETWEEN / NOT BETWEEN.\n   */\n  private processWhereBetween(data: Record<string, unknown>, negate: boolean): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const range = data.range as [unknown, unknown];\n\n    const quotedField = this.parseColumnIdentifier(field, this.table, this.alias);\n    const placeholder1 = this.addParam(range[0]);\n    const placeholder2 = this.addParam(range[1]);\n    const keyword = negate ? \"NOT BETWEEN\" : \"BETWEEN\";\n\n    this.addWhereClause(`${quotedField} ${keyword} ${placeholder1} AND ${placeholder2}`, \"AND\");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process WHERE LIKE / NOT LIKE.\n   */\n  private processWhereLike(data: Record<string, unknown>, negate: boolean): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const pattern = data.pattern as string;\n\n    const quotedField = this.parseColumnIdentifier(field, this.table, this.alias);\n    const { operator } = this.dialect.likePattern(pattern, true);\n    const placeholder = this.addParam(pattern);\n    const keyword = negate ? `NOT ${operator}` : operator;\n\n    this.addWhereClause(`${quotedField} ${keyword} ${placeholder}`, \"AND\");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process WHERE column comparison.\n   */\n  private processWhereColumn(data: Record<string, unknown>, boolean: \"AND\" | \"OR\"): void {\n    const first = data.first as string;\n    const operator = (data.operator as string) ?? \"=\";\n    const second = data.second as string;\n\n    // Both sides may need qualification if unambiguous table is unclear\n    const quotedFirst = this.parseColumnIdentifier(first, this.table, this.alias);\n    const quotedSecond = this.parseColumnIdentifier(second, this.table, this.alias);\n\n    this.addWhereClause(`${quotedFirst} ${operator} ${quotedSecond}`, boolean);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process WHERE JSON contains.\n   */\n  private processWhereJsonContains(data: Record<string, unknown>, negate: boolean): void {\n    const path = data.path as string;\n    const value = data.value;\n\n    const quotedPath = this.parseColumnIdentifier(path, this.table, this.alias);\n    const jsonValue = JSON.stringify(value);\n    const operator = negate ? \"NOT @>\" : \"@>\";\n\n    this.addWhereClause(`${quotedPath} ${operator} '${jsonValue}'::jsonb`, \"AND\");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process full-text search WHERE.\n   */\n  private processWhereFullText(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const fields = data.fields as string[];\n    const query = data.query as string;\n\n    // Build tsvector from fields\n    const tsVectors = fields\n      .map((f) => `to_tsvector('english', ${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(f)})`)\n      .join(\" || \");\n\n    const placeholder = this.addParam(query);\n    this.addWhereClause(`(${tsVectors}) @@ plainto_tsquery('english', ${placeholder})`, \"AND\");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process SELECT operation.\n   */\n  private processSelect(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const fields = data.fields as string[] | Record<string, string>;\n\n    if (Array.isArray(fields)) {\n      this.selectColumns.push(...fields);\n    } else {\n      // Handle aliases: { field: 'alias' }\n      for (const [field, alias] of Object.entries(fields)) {\n        const quotedField = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(field);\n        const quotedAlias = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(alias);\n        this.selectRaw.push(`${quotedField} AS ${quotedAlias}`);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process raw SELECT expression.\n   */\n  private processSelectRaw(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const expression = data.expression as string | Record<string, unknown>;\n    const bindings = (data.bindings as unknown[]) ?? [];\n\n    if (typeof expression === \"string\") {\n      // Replace ? placeholders with $n positional params (same as processWhereRaw)\n      let processed = expression;\n      for (const binding of bindings) {\n        processed = processed.replace(\"?\", this.addParam(binding));\n      }\n      this.selectRaw.push(processed);\n    } else {\n      // Handle object expressions (for compatibility)\n      for (const [alias, expr] of Object.entries(expression)) {\n        this.selectRaw.push(`${expr} AS ${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(alias)}`);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process DESELECT operation.\n   */\n  private processDeselect(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const fields = data.fields as string[];\n    this.deselectColumns.push(...fields);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process SELECT for related columns (joinWith).\n   *\n   * - hasOne / belongsTo  → LEFT JOIN + row_to_json  (single object)\n   * - hasMany             → correlated subquery with json_agg (array, no row explosion)\n   *\n   * @example hasMany correlated subquery:\n   *   (SELECT json_agg(row_to_json(a.*))\n   *    FROM \"chat_message_actions\" a\n   *    WHERE a.\"chat_message_id\" = \"chat_messages\".\"id\") AS \"actions\"\n   *\n   * @example hasOne/belongsTo row_to_json:\n   *   row_to_json(\"organizationAiModel\".*) AS \"organizationAiModel\"\n   */\n  private processSelectRelatedColumns(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const alias = data.alias as string;\n    const select = data.select as string[] | undefined;\n    const relationType = data.type as string | undefined;\n    const constraintOps = data.constraintOps as PostgresParserOperation[] | undefined;\n    const quotedAlias = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(alias);\n    const quotedTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(this.table);\n\n    const hasExplicitSelect = this.selectColumns.length > 0;\n    if (!hasExplicitSelect && !this.selectRaw.includes(`${quotedTable}.*`)) {\n      this.selectRaw.unshift(`${quotedTable}.*`);\n    }\n\n    if (relationType === \"hasMany\") {\n      // Correlated subquery — no JOIN, no row explosion, returns a JSON array.\n      const relatedTable = data.table as string;\n      const foreignKey = data.foreignKey as string;\n      const localKey = data.localKey as string;\n      const quotedRelatedTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(relatedTable);\n      const quotedForeignKey = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(foreignKey);\n      const quotedLocalKey = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(localKey);\n      const quotedMainTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(this.table);\n\n      let innerSelect: string;\n      if (select && select.length > 0) {\n        // Pick specific columns: json_agg(json_build_object('id', a.\"id\", ...))\n        const fields = select\n          .map((col) => `'${col}', a.${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(col)}`)\n          .join(\", \");\n        innerSelect = `json_agg(json_build_object(${fields}))`;\n      } else {\n        innerSelect = `json_agg(row_to_json(a.*))`;\n      }\n\n      // Build the base FK condition\n      const fkCondition = `a.${quotedForeignKey} = ${quotedMainTable}.${quotedLocalKey}`;\n\n      // Merge constraint ops (where / order / limit) from a sub-parser.\n      // The sub-parser numbers its own placeholders starting at $1; we must\n      // absorb its params into this parser and renumber the embedded SQL,\n      // otherwise $N references in the merged clauses dangle.\n      let extraWhere = \"\";\n      let orderBy = \"\";\n      let limitClause = \"\";\n\n      if (constraintOps && constraintOps.length > 0) {\n        const subParser = new PostgresQueryParser({\n          table: relatedTable,\n          alias: \"a\",\n          operations: constraintOps,\n        });\n        subParser.parse();\n\n        const renumber = this.absorbSubParserParams(subParser);\n\n        if (subParser.whereClauses.length > 0) {\n          extraWhere = ` AND ${renumber(subParser.whereClauses.join(\" \"))}`;\n        }\n        if (subParser.orderClauses.length > 0) {\n          orderBy = ` ORDER BY ${renumber(subParser.orderClauses.join(\", \"))}`;\n        }\n        if (subParser.limitValue !== undefined) {\n          limitClause = ` LIMIT ${subParser.limitValue}`;\n        }\n      }\n\n      // Wrap with ORDER/LIMIT only when constraints are present (json_agg ignores ORDER)\n      const innerQuery =\n        orderBy || limitClause\n          ? `SELECT row_to_json(sub.*) FROM (SELECT * FROM ${quotedRelatedTable} a WHERE ${fkCondition}${extraWhere}${orderBy}${limitClause}) sub`\n          : `SELECT ${innerSelect.replace(\"json_agg(\", \"\").replace(/\\)$/, \"\")} FROM ${quotedRelatedTable} a WHERE ${fkCondition}${extraWhere}`;\n\n      const aggregated =\n        orderBy || limitClause\n          ? `(SELECT json_agg(row_to_json(sub.*)) FROM (SELECT * FROM ${quotedRelatedTable} a WHERE ${fkCondition}${extraWhere}${orderBy}${limitClause}) sub) AS ${quotedAlias}`\n          : `(SELECT ${innerSelect} FROM ${quotedRelatedTable} a WHERE ${fkCondition}${extraWhere}) AS ${quotedAlias}`;\n\n      this.selectRaw.push(aggregated);\n    } else {\n      // hasOne / belongsTo — single object via LEFT JOIN + row_to_json.\n      // If constraint provides an explicit select list, prefer it over data.select\n      let effectiveSelect = select;\n      if (constraintOps && constraintOps.length > 0) {\n        const subParser = new PostgresQueryParser({\n          table: (data.table as string) ?? alias,\n          alias,\n          operations: constraintOps,\n        });\n        subParser.parse();\n        if (subParser.selectColumns.length > 0) {\n          effectiveSelect = subParser.selectColumns;\n        }\n      }\n\n      if (effectiveSelect && effectiveSelect.length > 0) {\n        const selectedColumns = effectiveSelect\n          .map((col) => `${quotedAlias}.${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(col)}`)\n          .join(\", \");\n        this.selectRaw.push(\n          `row_to_json((SELECT d FROM (SELECT ${selectedColumns}) d)) AS ${quotedAlias}`,\n        );\n      } else {\n        this.selectRaw.push(`row_to_json(${quotedAlias}.*) AS ${quotedAlias}`);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process JOIN operation with smart field detection.\n   *\n   * Handles both regular columns and JSONB nested paths:\n   * - \"id\" → \"table\".\"id\" (auto-prefixed)\n   * - \"users.id\" → \"users\".\"id\" (explicit table)\n   * - \"createdBy.id\" → \"table\".\"createdBy\"->>'id' (JSONB path)\n   * - \"posts.createdBy.id\" → \"posts\".\"createdBy\"->>'id' (JSONB with table)\n   */\n  private processJoin(data: Record<string, unknown>, type: string): void {\n    const options = data as unknown as\n      | JoinOptions\n      | { table: string; localField: string; foreignField: string };\n\n    const joinTable = \"table\" in options ? options.table : \"\";\n    const localField = \"localField\" in options ? options.localField : \"\";\n    const foreignField = \"foreignField\" in options ? options.foreignField : \"\";\n    const alias = \"alias\" in options ? options.alias : undefined;\n    const constraintOps = (data.constraintOps as PostgresParserOperation[] | undefined) ?? [];\n\n    const quotedTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(joinTable);\n    const tableRef = alias\n      ? `${quotedTable} AS ${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(alias)}`\n      : quotedTable;\n    const tableAlias = alias ?? joinTable;\n\n    // Track the joined table for reference detection\n    this.joinedTables.add(joinTable);\n    if (alias) {\n      this.joinedTables.add(alias);\n    }\n\n    // Parse local field (belongs to main table)\n    const quotedLocal = this.parseColumnIdentifier(localField!, this.table, this.alias);\n\n    // Parse foreign field (belongs to join table)\n    const quotedForeign = this.parseColumnIdentifier(foreignField!, joinTable, tableAlias);\n\n    // Build the basic ON condition. For hasOne/belongsTo joinWith with a\n    // constraint callback, append the constraint's where-clauses to the ON\n    // clause (preserves LEFT JOIN semantics — main rows stay even when no\n    // related row passes the constraint). orderBy/limit on the constraint\n    // are silently dropped — they have no meaning on a single-row LEFT JOIN.\n    let onClause = `${quotedLocal} = ${quotedForeign}`;\n\n    if (constraintOps.length > 0) {\n      const whereOps = constraintOps.filter(\n        (op) => op.type.startsWith(\"where\") || op.type.startsWith(\"orWhere\"),\n      );\n\n      if (whereOps.length > 0) {\n        const subParser = new PostgresQueryParser({\n          table: joinTable,\n          alias: tableAlias,\n          operations: whereOps,\n        });\n        subParser.parse();\n\n        if (subParser.whereClauses.length > 0) {\n          const renumber = this.absorbSubParserParams(subParser);\n          onClause = `${onClause} AND ${renumber(subParser.whereClauses.join(\" \"))}`;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    this.joinClauses.push(`${type} JOIN ${tableRef} ON ${onClause}`);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Parse a column identifier with smart detection for table prefixes and JSONB paths.\n   *\n   * Supports an optional explicit cast suffix using PostgreSQL's `::type` syntax,\n   * which is the only way to coerce a JSONB-extracted value (always returned as\n   * `text`) into another type. The parser does NOT infer casts from key names —\n   * coercion is always opt-in by the caller.\n   *\n   * @param field - The field string. Examples:\n   *   - \"id\"                       → `\"table\".\"id\"`\n   *   - \"users.id\"                 → `\"users\".\"id\"`\n   *   - \"createdBy.id\"             → `\"table\".\"createdBy\"->>'id'`\n   *   - \"createdBy.id::int\"        → `(\"table\".\"createdBy\"->>'id')::int`\n   *   - \"meta.score::numeric\"      → `(\"table\".\"meta\"->>'score')::numeric`\n   *   - \"posts.createdBy.id::uuid\" → `(\"posts\".\"createdBy\"->>'id')::uuid`\n   * @param defaultTable - Default table to use if no prefix\n   * @param tableAlias - Table alias to use if provided\n   * @returns Properly quoted SQL expression\n   */\n  private parseColumnIdentifier(field: string, defaultTable: string, tableAlias?: string): string {\n    if (!field) return \"\";\n\n    // Extract optional explicit cast suffix: \"createdBy.id::int\" → path \"createdBy.id\", cast \"int\"\n    let cast: string | undefined;\n    const castIndex = field.indexOf(\"::\");\n    if (castIndex !== -1) {\n      cast = field.slice(castIndex + 2).trim();\n      field = field.slice(0, castIndex);\n    }\n\n    const effectiveTable = tableAlias ?? defaultTable;\n    const parts = field.split(\".\");\n\n    let expression: string;\n\n    if (parts.length === 1) {\n      // Single part: just a column name, prefix with default table\n      expression = `${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(effectiveTable)}.${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(field)}`;\n    } else if (parts.length === 2) {\n      // Two parts: could be \"table.column\" or \"jsonbColumn.key\"\n      const [first, second] = parts;\n\n      if (this.isTableReference(first)) {\n        // It's table.column - regular column reference\n        expression = `${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(first)}.${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(second)}`;\n      } else {\n        // It's jsonbColumn.key - JSONB path\n        expression = this.buildJsonbPath(effectiveTable, first, [second]);\n      }\n    } else {\n      // Three or more parts: \"table.jsonbColumn.key...\" or \"jsonbColumn.key1.key2...\"\n      const [first, second, ...rest] = parts;\n\n      if (this.isTableReference(first)) {\n        // First part is table: \"posts.createdBy.id\" → table is \"posts\", JSONB is \"createdBy.id\"\n        expression = this.buildJsonbPath(first, second, rest);\n      } else {\n        // No table prefix: \"createdBy.address.city\" → use default table\n        expression = this.buildJsonbPath(effectiveTable, first, [second, ...rest]);\n      }\n    }\n\n    return cast ? `(${expression})::${cast}` : expression;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Check if a string is a table reference (main table or join table).\n   */\n  private isTableReference(name: string): boolean {\n    if (name === this.table || name === this.alias) {\n      return true;\n    }\n\n    if (this.joinedTables.has(name)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Build a JSONB path expression.\n   *\n   * @param table - Table name\n   * @param column - JSONB column name\n   * @param path - Array of nested keys\n   * @returns PostgreSQL JSONB path expression\n   *\n   * Returns the raw JSONB path expression — extracted values are always `text`\n   * (`->>` returns text). Callers that need a different type must request an\n   * explicit cast via the `::type` suffix in `parseColumnIdentifier`.\n   *\n   * @example\n   * buildJsonbPath(\"posts\", \"createdBy\", [\"id\"])\n   * // Returns: \"posts\".\"createdBy\"->>'id'\n   *\n   * buildJsonbPath(\"posts\", \"createdBy\", [\"address\", \"city\"])\n   * // Returns: \"posts\".\"createdBy\"->'address'->>'city'\n   */\n  private buildJsonbPath(table: string, column: string, path: string[]): string {\n    const quotedTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(table);\n    const quotedColumn = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(column);\n\n    if (path.length === 0) {\n      return `${quotedTable}.${quotedColumn}`;\n    }\n\n    // Build JSONB path: use -> for intermediate keys, ->> for final key (returns text)\n    let expression = `${quotedTable}.${quotedColumn}`;\n\n    for (let i = 0; i < path.length; i++) {\n      const isLast = i === path.length - 1;\n      const operator = isLast ? \"->>\" : \"->\";\n      expression += `${operator}'${path[i]}'`;\n    }\n\n    return expression;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process CROSS JOIN operation.\n   */\n  private processCrossJoin(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const table = data.table as string;\n    const quotedTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(table);\n    this.joinClauses.push(`CROSS JOIN ${quotedTable}`);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process raw JOIN expression.\n   */\n  private processJoinRaw(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const expression = data.expression as string;\n    const bindings = (data.bindings as unknown[]) ?? [];\n\n    let processed = expression;\n    for (const binding of bindings) {\n      processed = processed.replace(\"?\", this.addParam(binding));\n    }\n\n    this.joinClauses.push(processed);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process ORDER BY operation.\n   */\n  private processOrderBy(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const direction = ((data.direction as string) ?? \"asc\").toUpperCase();\n\n    const quotedField = this.parseColumnIdentifier(field, this.table, this.alias);\n    this.orderClauses.push(`${quotedField} ${direction}`);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process raw ORDER BY expression.\n   */\n  private processOrderByRaw(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const expression = data.expression as string;\n    const bindings = (data.bindings as unknown[]) ?? [];\n\n    // Replace ? placeholders with $n positional params (same as processWhereRaw)\n    let processed = expression;\n    for (const binding of bindings) {\n      processed = processed.replace(\"?\", this.addParam(binding));\n    }\n    this.orderClauses.push(processed);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process GROUP BY operation.\n   */\n  private processGroupBy(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const fields = data.fields as string | string[];\n    const columns = Array.isArray(fields) ? fields : [fields];\n    this.groupColumns.push(...columns);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process HAVING operation.\n   */\n  private processHaving(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const operator = (data.operator as string) ?? \"=\";\n    const value = data.value;\n\n    const quotedField = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(field);\n    const placeholder = this.addParam(value);\n\n    this.havingClauses.push(`${quotedField} ${operator} ${placeholder}`);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process a raw HAVING expression, threading `?` placeholders into\n   * positional params the same way `processWhereRaw` / `processSelectRaw` do.\n   * Without this, bindings on a `havingRaw` op are silently dropped.\n   */\n  private processHavingRaw(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    let expression = data.expression as string;\n    const bindings = (data.bindings as unknown[]) ?? [];\n\n    for (const binding of bindings) {\n      expression = expression.replace(\"?\", this.addParam(binding));\n    }\n\n    this.havingClauses.push(expression);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Add a WHERE clause with boolean operator.\n   */\n  private addWhereClause(clause: string, boolean: \"AND\" | \"OR\"): void {\n    if (this.whereClauses.length === 0) {\n      this.whereClauses.push(clause);\n    } else {\n      this.whereClauses.push(`${boolean} ${clause}`);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Map simple Cascade operators to their SQL equivalents.\n   *\n   * Complex operators (between, in, like-variants, exists) are handled by\n   * dedicated processors and should never reach this method.\n   */\n  private mapOperator(operator: WhereOperator): string {\n    const mapping: Record<string, string> = {\n      \"=\": \"=\",\n      \"!=\": \"!=\",\n      \"<>\": \"<>\",\n      \">\": \">\",\n      \">=\": \">=\",\n      \"<\": \"<\",\n      \"<=\": \"<=\",\n      like: \"LIKE\",\n      notlike: \"NOT LIKE\",\n      ilike: \"ILIKE\",\n    };\n\n    return mapping[operator.toLowerCase()] ?? operator;\n  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+{"version":3,"file":"postgres-query-parser.mjs","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../@warlock.js/cascade/src/drivers/postgres/postgres-query-parser.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * PostgreSQL Query Parser\n *\n * Translates Cascade query operations into PostgreSQL SQL queries.\n * Mirrors the MongoQueryParser pattern but generates SQL instead\n * of MongoDB aggregation pipelines.\n *\n * @module cascade/drivers/postgres\n */\n\nimport type {\n  DriverQuery,\n  JoinOptions,\n  WhereOperator,\n} from \"../../contracts/query-builder.contract\";\nimport type { SqlDialectContract } from \"../sql/sql-dialect.contract\";\n\nimport { PostgresDialect } from \"./postgres-dialect\";\n\n/**\n * Operation types supported by the query parser.\n */\nexport type PostgresOperationType =\n  // WHERE operations\n  | \"where\"\n  | \"orWhere\"\n  | \"whereRaw\"\n  | \"orWhereRaw\"\n  | \"whereIn\"\n  | \"whereNotIn\"\n  | \"whereNull\"\n  | \"whereNotNull\"\n  | \"whereBetween\"\n  | \"whereNotBetween\"\n  | \"whereLike\"\n  | \"whereNotLike\"\n  | \"whereColumn\"\n  | \"orWhereColumn\"\n  | \"whereExists\"\n  | \"whereNotExists\"\n  | \"whereDate\"\n  | \"whereDateBefore\"\n  | \"whereDateAfter\"\n  | \"whereDateBetween\"\n  | \"whereJsonContains\"\n  | \"whereJsonDoesntContain\"\n  | \"whereFullText\"\n  // SELECT operations\n  | \"select\"\n  | \"selectRaw\"\n  | \"deselect\"\n  // JOIN operations\n  | \"join\"\n  | \"leftJoin\"\n  | \"rightJoin\"\n  | \"innerJoin\"\n  | \"fullJoin\"\n  | \"crossJoin\"\n  | \"joinRaw\"\n  // ORDER operations\n  | \"orderBy\"\n  | \"orderByRaw\"\n  // GROUP operations\n  | \"groupBy\"\n  | \"groupByRaw\"\n  | \"having\"\n  | \"havingRaw\"\n  // LIMIT operations\n  | \"limit\"\n  | \"offset\"\n  // RELATION operations\n  | \"has\"\n  | \"whereHas\"\n  | \"doesntHave\"\n  | \"whereDoesntHave\"\n  // joinWith operations\n  | \"selectRelatedColumns\"\n  // Other\n  | \"distinct\";\n\n/**\n * Internal operation representation.\n */\nexport type PostgresParserOperation = {\n  /** Operation type */\n  readonly type: PostgresOperationType;\n  /** Operation data/parameters */\n  readonly data: Record<string, unknown>;\n};\n\n/**\n * Parser configuration options.\n */\nexport type PostgresParserOptions = {\n  /** Target table name */\n  readonly table: string;\n  /** Table alias (optional) */\n  readonly alias?: string;\n  /** Operations to parse */\n  readonly operations: PostgresParserOperation[];\n  /** SQL dialect for syntax generation */\n  readonly dialect?: SqlDialectContract;\n  /** Factory for creating sub-parsers (for nested queries) */\n  readonly createSubParser?: (table: string) => PostgresQueryParser;\n};\n\n/**\n * PostgreSQL Query Parser.\n *\n * Converts a list of query operations into a SQL query string with parameters.\n * Handles SELECT, WHERE, JOIN, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, LIMIT/OFFSET clauses.\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * const parser = new PostgresQueryParser({\n *   table: 'users',\n *   operations: [\n *     { type: 'where', data: { field: 'name', operator: '=', value: 'Alice' } },\n *     { type: 'orderBy', data: { field: 'createdAt', direction: 'desc' } },\n *     { type: 'limit', data: { value: 10 } }\n *   ]\n * });\n *\n * const { sql, params } = parser.parse();\n * // sql: 'SELECT * FROM \"users\" WHERE \"name\" = $1 ORDER BY \"createdAt\" DESC LIMIT 10'\n * // params: ['Alice']\n * ```\n */\nexport class PostgresQueryParser {\n  /**\n   * Target table name.\n   */\n  private readonly table: string;\n\n  /**\n   * Table alias.\n   */\n  private readonly alias?: string;\n\n  /**\n   * Operations to process.\n   */\n  private readonly operations: PostgresParserOperation[];\n\n  /**\n   * SQL dialect for syntax.\n   */\n  private readonly dialect: SqlDialectContract;\n\n  /**\n   * Current parameter index (1-based for PostgreSQL).\n   */\n  private paramIndex = 1;\n\n  /**\n   * Collected parameters.\n   */\n  private readonly params: unknown[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * SELECT columns.\n   */\n  public selectColumns: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * Deselected (excluded) columns.\n   */\n  private deselectColumns: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * Raw SELECT expressions.\n   */\n  private selectRaw: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * WHERE clauses.\n   */\n  public whereClauses: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * JOIN clauses.\n   */\n  private joinClauses: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * ORDER BY clauses.\n   */\n  public orderClauses: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * GROUP BY columns (bare identifiers — get quoted).\n   */\n  private groupColumns: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * Raw GROUP BY expressions (emitted verbatim — e.g. a `date_trunc(...)`\n   * bucket). Kept separate from `groupColumns` so they bypass identifier\n   * quoting while still landing in the same `GROUP BY` clause.\n   */\n  private groupRawExpressions: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * HAVING clauses.\n   */\n  private havingClauses: string[] = [];\n\n  /**\n   * LIMIT value.\n   */\n  public limitValue?: number;\n\n  /**\n   * OFFSET value.\n   */\n  public offsetValue?: number;\n\n  /**\n   * DISTINCT flag.\n   */\n  private isDistinct = false;\n\n  /**\n   * Whether the query has any JOIN operations (pre-scanned before processing).\n   * Used by qualifyColumn() to decide whether to prefix columns with the main table.\n   */\n  private hasJoins = false;\n\n  /**\n   * Tracked joined tables (for table reference detection).\n   */\n  private readonly joinedTables = new Set<string>();\n\n  /**\n   * Create a new query parser.\n   *\n   * @param options - Parser configuration\n   */\n  public constructor(options: PostgresParserOptions) {\n    this.table = options.table;\n    this.alias = options.alias;\n    this.operations = options.operations;\n    this.dialect = options.dialect ?? new PostgresDialect();\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Parse all operations and build the SQL query.\n   *\n   * @returns DriverQuery with `query` (SQL string) and `bindings` (parameter values)\n   */\n  public parse(): DriverQuery {\n    // Pre-scan for any join operations so qualifyColumn() can prefix columns\n    // correctly even when WHERE clauses appear before JOINs in the operations list.\n    const JOIN_TYPES = new Set([\n      \"join\",\n      \"leftJoin\",\n      \"rightJoin\",\n      \"innerJoin\",\n      \"fullJoin\",\n      \"crossJoin\",\n      \"joinRaw\",\n    ]);\n\n    this.hasJoins = false;\n\n    // First pass: locate all joins and populate joinedTables for accurate JSON path detection\n    for (const operation of this.operations) {\n      if (JOIN_TYPES.has(operation.type)) {\n        this.hasJoins = true;\n        const data = operation.data as any;\n        const joinTable = data.table as string;\n        const alias = data.alias as string;\n\n        if (joinTable) this.joinedTables.add(joinTable);\n        if (alias) this.joinedTables.add(alias);\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Process each operation\n    for (const operation of this.operations) {\n      this.processOperation(operation);\n    }\n\n    // Build the final SQL query\n    const query = this.buildSql();\n\n    return { query, bindings: this.params };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Get a formatted string representation of the query.\n   *\n   * @returns Formatted SQL with bindings\n   */\n  public toPrettyString(): string {\n    const { query = \"\", bindings } = this.parse();\n    return `${query}\\n-- Bindings: ${JSON.stringify(bindings ?? [])}`;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process a single operation.\n   *\n   * @param operation - The operation to process\n   */\n  private processOperation(operation: PostgresParserOperation): void {\n    const { type, data } = operation;\n\n    switch (type) {\n      // WHERE operations\n      case \"where\":\n        this.processWhere(data, \"AND\");\n        break;\n      case \"orWhere\":\n        this.processWhere(data, \"OR\");\n        break;\n      case \"whereRaw\":\n        this.processWhereRaw(data, \"AND\");\n        break;\n      case \"orWhereRaw\":\n        this.processWhereRaw(data, \"OR\");\n        break;\n      case \"whereIn\":\n        this.processWhereIn(data, false);\n        break;\n      case \"whereNotIn\":\n        this.processWhereIn(data, true);\n        break;\n      case \"whereNull\":\n        this.processWhereNull(data, false);\n        break;\n      case \"whereNotNull\":\n        this.processWhereNull(data, true);\n        break;\n      case \"whereBetween\":\n        this.processWhereBetween(data, false);\n        break;\n      case \"whereNotBetween\":\n        this.processWhereBetween(data, true);\n        break;\n      case \"whereLike\":\n        this.processWhereLike(data, false);\n        break;\n      case \"whereNotLike\":\n        this.processWhereLike(data, true);\n        break;\n      case \"whereColumn\":\n        this.processWhereColumn(data, \"AND\");\n        break;\n      case \"orWhereColumn\":\n        this.processWhereColumn(data, \"OR\");\n        break;\n      case \"whereJsonContains\":\n        this.processWhereJsonContains(data, false);\n        break;\n      case \"whereJsonDoesntContain\":\n        this.processWhereJsonContains(data, true);\n        break;\n      case \"whereFullText\":\n        this.processWhereFullText(data);\n        break;\n\n      // SELECT operations\n      case \"select\":\n        this.processSelect(data);\n        break;\n      case \"selectRaw\":\n        this.processSelectRaw(data);\n        break;\n      case \"deselect\":\n        this.processDeselect(data);\n        break;\n\n      // JOIN operations\n      case \"join\":\n      case \"innerJoin\":\n        this.processJoin(data, \"INNER\");\n        break;\n      case \"leftJoin\":\n        this.processJoin(data, \"LEFT\");\n        break;\n      case \"rightJoin\":\n        this.processJoin(data, \"RIGHT\");\n        break;\n      case \"fullJoin\":\n        this.processJoin(data, \"FULL OUTER\");\n        break;\n      case \"crossJoin\":\n        this.processCrossJoin(data);\n        break;\n      case \"joinRaw\":\n        this.processJoinRaw(data);\n        break;\n\n      // ORDER operations\n      case \"orderBy\":\n        this.processOrderBy(data);\n        break;\n      case \"orderByRaw\":\n        this.processOrderByRaw(data);\n        break;\n\n      // GROUP operations\n      case \"groupBy\":\n        this.processGroupBy(data);\n        break;\n      case \"groupByRaw\":\n        this.processGroupByRaw(data);\n        break;\n      case \"having\":\n        this.processHaving(data);\n        break;\n      case \"havingRaw\":\n        this.processHavingRaw(data);\n        break;\n\n      // LIMIT operations\n      case \"limit\":\n        this.limitValue = data.value as number;\n        break;\n      case \"offset\":\n        this.offsetValue = data.value as number;\n        break;\n\n      // Other\n      case \"distinct\":\n        this.isDistinct = true;\n        break;\n\n      // joinWith select related columns\n      case \"selectRelatedColumns\":\n        this.processSelectRelatedColumns(data);\n        break;\n\n      default:\n        // Unknown operation - ignore or throw\n        break;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Build the final SQL query from collected clauses.\n   *\n   * @returns Complete SQL query string\n   */\n  private buildSql(): string {\n    const parts: string[] = [];\n\n    // SELECT clause\n    parts.push(this.buildSelectClause());\n\n    // FROM clause\n    const quotedTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(this.table);\n    const fromClause = this.alias\n      ? `FROM ${quotedTable} AS ${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(this.alias)}`\n      : `FROM ${quotedTable}`;\n    parts.push(fromClause);\n\n    // JOIN clauses\n    if (this.joinClauses.length > 0) {\n      parts.push(this.joinClauses.join(\" \"));\n    }\n\n    // WHERE clause\n    if (this.whereClauses.length > 0) {\n      parts.push(`WHERE ${this.whereClauses.join(\" \")}`);\n    }\n\n    // GROUP BY clause — bare columns are quoted; raw expressions (e.g.\n    // date_trunc buckets) are emitted verbatim. Both share one clause.\n    if (this.groupColumns.length > 0 || this.groupRawExpressions.length > 0) {\n      const quotedCols = this.groupColumns.map((c) => this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(c));\n      const allGroupTerms = [...quotedCols, ...this.groupRawExpressions];\n      parts.push(`GROUP BY ${allGroupTerms.join(\", \")}`);\n    }\n\n    // HAVING clause\n    if (this.havingClauses.length > 0) {\n      parts.push(`HAVING ${this.havingClauses.join(\" AND \")}`);\n    }\n\n    // ORDER BY clause\n    if (this.orderClauses.length > 0) {\n      parts.push(`ORDER BY ${this.orderClauses.join(\", \")}`);\n    }\n\n    // LIMIT/OFFSET\n    const limitOffset = this.dialect.limitOffset(this.limitValue, this.offsetValue);\n    if (limitOffset) {\n      parts.push(limitOffset);\n    }\n\n    return parts.join(\" \");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Build the SELECT clause.\n   *\n   * @returns SELECT clause string\n   */\n  private buildSelectClause(): string {\n    const distinct = this.isDistinct ? \"DISTINCT \" : \"\";\n\n    // If no specific columns, select all — qualify with main table when joins present\n    if (this.selectColumns.length === 0 && this.selectRaw.length === 0) {\n      return this.hasJoins\n        ? 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match);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process a basic WHERE operation.\n   *\n   * Delegates to specialised processors for operators that require more than a\n   * single placeholder (between, in, like-variants, exists, etc.).\n   */\n  private processWhere(data: Record<string, unknown>, boolean: \"AND\" | \"OR\"): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const operator = (data.operator as WhereOperator) ?? \"=\";\n    const value = data.value;\n\n    // Delegate to specialised processors for operators that need it\n    switch (operator) {\n      case \"between\":\n        return this.processWhereBetween({ field, range: value as [unknown, unknown] }, false);\n      case \"notBetween\":\n        return this.processWhereBetween({ field, range: value as [unknown, unknown] }, true);\n      case \"in\":\n        return this.processWhereIn({ field, values: value as unknown[] }, false);\n      case \"notIn\":\n        return this.processWhereIn({ field, values: value as unknown[] }, true);\n      case \"like\":\n      case \"ilike\":\n      case \"startsWith\":\n      case \"endsWith\":\n        return this.processWhereLike({ field, pattern: value as string }, false);\n      case \"notLike\":\n      case \"notStartsWith\":\n      case \"notEndsWith\":\n        return this.processWhereLike({ field, pattern: value as string }, true);\n      case \"exists\":\n        // EXISTS expects value to be a raw sub-query string\n        return this.addWhereClause(`EXISTS (${value})`, boolean);\n    }\n\n    const quotedField = this.parseColumnIdentifier(field, this.table, this.alias);\n\n    if (value === null) {\n      const nullOperator = operator === \"!=\" ? \"IS NOT NULL\" : \"IS NULL\";\n      return this.addWhereClause(`${quotedField} ${nullOperator}`, boolean);\n    }\n\n    // Simple single-value operator — fall through to generic path\n    const placeholder = this.addParam(value);\n    this.addWhereClause(`${quotedField} ${this.mapOperator(operator)} ${placeholder}`, boolean);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process a raw WHERE operation.\n   */\n  private processWhereRaw(data: Record<string, unknown>, boolean: \"AND\" | \"OR\"): void {\n    const expression = data.expression as string;\n    const bindings = (data.bindings as unknown[]) ?? [];\n\n    // Replace ? placeholders with $n\n    let processed = expression;\n    for (const binding of bindings) {\n      processed = processed.replace(\"?\", this.addParam(binding));\n    }\n\n    this.addWhereClause(processed, boolean);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process WHERE IN / NOT IN.\n   */\n  private processWhereIn(data: Record<string, unknown>, negate: boolean): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const values = data.values as unknown[];\n\n    const quotedField = this.parseColumnIdentifier(field, this.table, this.alias);\n    const operator = negate ? \"!= ALL\" : \"= ANY\";\n    const placeholder = this.addParam(values);\n\n    this.addWhereClause(`${quotedField} ${operator}(${placeholder})`, \"AND\");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process WHERE NULL / NOT NULL.\n   */\n  private processWhereNull(data: Record<string, unknown>, negate: boolean): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const quotedField = this.parseColumnIdentifier(field, this.table, this.alias);\n    const clause = negate ? `${quotedField} IS NOT NULL` : `${quotedField} IS NULL`;\n    this.addWhereClause(clause, \"AND\");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process WHERE BETWEEN / NOT BETWEEN.\n   */\n  private processWhereBetween(data: Record<string, unknown>, negate: boolean): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const range = data.range as [unknown, unknown];\n\n    const quotedField = this.parseColumnIdentifier(field, this.table, this.alias);\n    const placeholder1 = this.addParam(range[0]);\n    const placeholder2 = this.addParam(range[1]);\n    const keyword = negate ? \"NOT BETWEEN\" : \"BETWEEN\";\n\n    this.addWhereClause(`${quotedField} ${keyword} ${placeholder1} AND ${placeholder2}`, \"AND\");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process WHERE LIKE / NOT LIKE.\n   */\n  private processWhereLike(data: Record<string, unknown>, negate: boolean): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const pattern = data.pattern as string;\n\n    const quotedField = this.parseColumnIdentifier(field, this.table, this.alias);\n    const { operator } = this.dialect.likePattern(pattern, true);\n    const placeholder = this.addParam(pattern);\n    const keyword = negate ? `NOT ${operator}` : operator;\n\n    this.addWhereClause(`${quotedField} ${keyword} ${placeholder}`, \"AND\");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process WHERE column comparison.\n   */\n  private processWhereColumn(data: Record<string, unknown>, boolean: \"AND\" | \"OR\"): void {\n    const first = data.first as string;\n    const operator = (data.operator as string) ?? \"=\";\n    const second = data.second as string;\n\n    // Both sides may need qualification if unambiguous table is unclear\n    const quotedFirst = this.parseColumnIdentifier(first, this.table, this.alias);\n    const quotedSecond = this.parseColumnIdentifier(second, this.table, this.alias);\n\n    this.addWhereClause(`${quotedFirst} ${operator} ${quotedSecond}`, boolean);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process WHERE JSON contains.\n   */\n  private processWhereJsonContains(data: Record<string, unknown>, negate: boolean): void {\n    const path = data.path as string;\n    const value = data.value;\n\n    const quotedPath = this.parseColumnIdentifier(path, this.table, this.alias);\n    const jsonValue = JSON.stringify(value);\n    const operator = negate ? \"NOT @>\" : \"@>\";\n\n    this.addWhereClause(`${quotedPath} ${operator} '${jsonValue}'::jsonb`, \"AND\");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process full-text search WHERE.\n   */\n  private processWhereFullText(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const fields = data.fields as string[];\n    const query = data.query as string;\n\n    // Build tsvector from fields\n    const tsVectors = fields\n      .map((f) => `to_tsvector('english', ${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(f)})`)\n      .join(\" || \");\n\n    const placeholder = this.addParam(query);\n    this.addWhereClause(`(${tsVectors}) @@ plainto_tsquery('english', ${placeholder})`, \"AND\");\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process SELECT operation.\n   */\n  private processSelect(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const fields = data.fields as string[] | Record<string, string>;\n\n    if (Array.isArray(fields)) {\n      this.selectColumns.push(...fields);\n    } else {\n      // Handle aliases: { field: 'alias' }\n      for (const [field, alias] of Object.entries(fields)) {\n        const quotedField = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(field);\n        const quotedAlias = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(alias);\n        this.selectRaw.push(`${quotedField} AS ${quotedAlias}`);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process raw SELECT expression.\n   */\n  private processSelectRaw(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const expression = data.expression as string | Record<string, unknown>;\n    const bindings = (data.bindings as unknown[]) ?? [];\n\n    if (typeof expression === \"string\") {\n      // Replace ? placeholders with $n positional params (same as processWhereRaw)\n      let processed = expression;\n      for (const binding of bindings) {\n        processed = processed.replace(\"?\", this.addParam(binding));\n      }\n      this.selectRaw.push(processed);\n    } else {\n      // Handle object expressions (for compatibility)\n      for (const [alias, expr] of Object.entries(expression)) {\n        this.selectRaw.push(`${expr} AS ${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(alias)}`);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process DESELECT operation.\n   */\n  private processDeselect(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const fields = data.fields as string[];\n    this.deselectColumns.push(...fields);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process SELECT for related columns (joinWith).\n   *\n   * - hasOne / belongsTo  → LEFT JOIN + row_to_json  (single object)\n   * - hasMany             → correlated subquery with json_agg (array, no row explosion)\n   *\n   * @example hasMany correlated subquery:\n   *   (SELECT json_agg(row_to_json(a.*))\n   *    FROM \"chat_message_actions\" a\n   *    WHERE a.\"chat_message_id\" = \"chat_messages\".\"id\") AS \"actions\"\n   *\n   * @example hasOne/belongsTo row_to_json:\n   *   row_to_json(\"organizationAiModel\".*) AS \"organizationAiModel\"\n   */\n  private processSelectRelatedColumns(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const alias = data.alias as string;\n    const select = data.select as string[] | undefined;\n    const relationType = data.type as string | undefined;\n    const constraintOps = data.constraintOps as PostgresParserOperation[] | undefined;\n    const quotedAlias = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(alias);\n    const quotedTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(this.table);\n\n    const hasExplicitSelect = this.selectColumns.length > 0;\n    if (!hasExplicitSelect && !this.selectRaw.includes(`${quotedTable}.*`)) {\n      this.selectRaw.unshift(`${quotedTable}.*`);\n    }\n\n    if (relationType === \"hasMany\") {\n      // Correlated subquery — no JOIN, no row explosion, returns a JSON array.\n      const relatedTable = data.table as string;\n      const foreignKey = data.foreignKey as string;\n      const localKey = data.localKey as string;\n      const quotedRelatedTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(relatedTable);\n      const quotedForeignKey = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(foreignKey);\n      const quotedLocalKey = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(localKey);\n      const quotedMainTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(this.table);\n\n      let innerSelect: string;\n      if (select && select.length > 0) {\n        // Pick specific columns: json_agg(json_build_object('id', a.\"id\", ...))\n        const fields = select\n          .map((col) => `'${col}', a.${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(col)}`)\n          .join(\", \");\n        innerSelect = `json_agg(json_build_object(${fields}))`;\n      } else {\n        innerSelect = `json_agg(row_to_json(a.*))`;\n      }\n\n      // Build the base FK condition\n      const fkCondition = `a.${quotedForeignKey} = ${quotedMainTable}.${quotedLocalKey}`;\n\n      // Merge constraint ops (where / order / limit) from a sub-parser.\n      // The sub-parser numbers its own placeholders starting at $1; we must\n      // absorb its params into this parser and renumber the embedded SQL,\n      // otherwise $N references in the merged clauses dangle.\n      let extraWhere = \"\";\n      let orderBy = \"\";\n      let limitClause = \"\";\n\n      if (constraintOps && constraintOps.length > 0) {\n        const subParser = new PostgresQueryParser({\n          table: relatedTable,\n          alias: \"a\",\n          operations: constraintOps,\n        });\n        subParser.parse();\n\n        const renumber = this.absorbSubParserParams(subParser);\n\n        if (subParser.whereClauses.length > 0) {\n          extraWhere = ` AND ${renumber(subParser.whereClauses.join(\" \"))}`;\n        }\n        if (subParser.orderClauses.length > 0) {\n          orderBy = ` ORDER BY ${renumber(subParser.orderClauses.join(\", \"))}`;\n        }\n        if (subParser.limitValue !== undefined) {\n          limitClause = ` LIMIT ${subParser.limitValue}`;\n        }\n      }\n\n      // Wrap with ORDER/LIMIT only when constraints are present (json_agg ignores ORDER)\n      const innerQuery =\n        orderBy || limitClause\n          ? `SELECT row_to_json(sub.*) FROM (SELECT * FROM ${quotedRelatedTable} a WHERE ${fkCondition}${extraWhere}${orderBy}${limitClause}) sub`\n          : `SELECT ${innerSelect.replace(\"json_agg(\", \"\").replace(/\\)$/, \"\")} FROM ${quotedRelatedTable} a WHERE ${fkCondition}${extraWhere}`;\n\n      const aggregated =\n        orderBy || limitClause\n          ? `(SELECT json_agg(row_to_json(sub.*)) FROM (SELECT * FROM ${quotedRelatedTable} a WHERE ${fkCondition}${extraWhere}${orderBy}${limitClause}) sub) AS ${quotedAlias}`\n          : `(SELECT ${innerSelect} FROM ${quotedRelatedTable} a WHERE ${fkCondition}${extraWhere}) AS ${quotedAlias}`;\n\n      this.selectRaw.push(aggregated);\n    } else {\n      // hasOne / belongsTo — single object via LEFT JOIN + row_to_json.\n      // If constraint provides an explicit select list, prefer it over data.select\n      let effectiveSelect = select;\n      if (constraintOps && constraintOps.length > 0) {\n        const subParser = new PostgresQueryParser({\n          table: (data.table as string) ?? alias,\n          alias,\n          operations: constraintOps,\n        });\n        subParser.parse();\n        if (subParser.selectColumns.length > 0) {\n          effectiveSelect = subParser.selectColumns;\n        }\n      }\n\n      if (effectiveSelect && effectiveSelect.length > 0) {\n        const selectedColumns = effectiveSelect\n          .map((col) => `${quotedAlias}.${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(col)}`)\n          .join(\", \");\n        this.selectRaw.push(\n          `row_to_json((SELECT d FROM (SELECT ${selectedColumns}) d)) AS ${quotedAlias}`,\n        );\n      } else {\n        this.selectRaw.push(`row_to_json(${quotedAlias}.*) AS ${quotedAlias}`);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process JOIN operation with smart field detection.\n   *\n   * Handles both regular columns and JSONB nested paths:\n   * - \"id\" → \"table\".\"id\" (auto-prefixed)\n   * - \"users.id\" → \"users\".\"id\" (explicit table)\n   * - \"createdBy.id\" → \"table\".\"createdBy\"->>'id' (JSONB path)\n   * - \"posts.createdBy.id\" → \"posts\".\"createdBy\"->>'id' (JSONB with table)\n   */\n  private processJoin(data: Record<string, unknown>, type: string): void {\n    const options = data as unknown as\n      | JoinOptions\n      | { table: string; localField: string; foreignField: string };\n\n    const joinTable = \"table\" in options ? options.table : \"\";\n    const localField = \"localField\" in options ? options.localField : \"\";\n    const foreignField = \"foreignField\" in options ? options.foreignField : \"\";\n    const alias = \"alias\" in options ? options.alias : undefined;\n    const constraintOps = (data.constraintOps as PostgresParserOperation[] | undefined) ?? [];\n\n    const quotedTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(joinTable);\n    const tableRef = alias\n      ? `${quotedTable} AS ${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(alias)}`\n      : quotedTable;\n    const tableAlias = alias ?? joinTable;\n\n    // Track the joined table for reference detection\n    this.joinedTables.add(joinTable);\n    if (alias) {\n      this.joinedTables.add(alias);\n    }\n\n    // Parse local field (belongs to main table)\n    const quotedLocal = this.parseColumnIdentifier(localField!, this.table, this.alias);\n\n    // Parse foreign field (belongs to join table)\n    const quotedForeign = this.parseColumnIdentifier(foreignField!, joinTable, tableAlias);\n\n    // Build the basic ON condition. For hasOne/belongsTo joinWith with a\n    // constraint callback, append the constraint's where-clauses to the ON\n    // clause (preserves LEFT JOIN semantics — main rows stay even when no\n    // related row passes the constraint). orderBy/limit on the constraint\n    // are silently dropped — they have no meaning on a single-row LEFT JOIN.\n    let onClause = `${quotedLocal} = ${quotedForeign}`;\n\n    if (constraintOps.length > 0) {\n      const whereOps = constraintOps.filter(\n        (op) => op.type.startsWith(\"where\") || op.type.startsWith(\"orWhere\"),\n      );\n\n      if (whereOps.length > 0) {\n        const subParser = new PostgresQueryParser({\n          table: joinTable,\n          alias: tableAlias,\n          operations: whereOps,\n        });\n        subParser.parse();\n\n        if (subParser.whereClauses.length > 0) {\n          const renumber = this.absorbSubParserParams(subParser);\n          onClause = `${onClause} AND ${renumber(subParser.whereClauses.join(\" \"))}`;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    this.joinClauses.push(`${type} JOIN ${tableRef} ON ${onClause}`);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Parse a column identifier with smart detection for table prefixes and JSONB paths.\n   *\n   * Supports an optional explicit cast suffix using PostgreSQL's `::type` syntax,\n   * which is the only way to coerce a JSONB-extracted value (always returned as\n   * `text`) into another type. The parser does NOT infer casts from key names —\n   * coercion is always opt-in by the caller.\n   *\n   * @param field - The field string. Examples:\n   *   - \"id\"                       → `\"table\".\"id\"`\n   *   - \"users.id\"                 → `\"users\".\"id\"`\n   *   - \"createdBy.id\"             → `\"table\".\"createdBy\"->>'id'`\n   *   - \"createdBy.id::int\"        → `(\"table\".\"createdBy\"->>'id')::int`\n   *   - \"meta.score::numeric\"      → `(\"table\".\"meta\"->>'score')::numeric`\n   *   - \"posts.createdBy.id::uuid\" → `(\"posts\".\"createdBy\"->>'id')::uuid`\n   * @param defaultTable - Default table to use if no prefix\n   * @param tableAlias - Table alias to use if provided\n   * @returns Properly quoted SQL expression\n   */\n  private parseColumnIdentifier(field: string, defaultTable: string, tableAlias?: string): string {\n    if (!field) return \"\";\n\n    // Extract optional explicit cast suffix: \"createdBy.id::int\" → path \"createdBy.id\", cast \"int\"\n    let cast: string | undefined;\n    const castIndex = field.indexOf(\"::\");\n    if (castIndex !== -1) {\n      cast = field.slice(castIndex + 2).trim();\n      field = field.slice(0, castIndex);\n    }\n\n    const effectiveTable = tableAlias ?? defaultTable;\n    const parts = field.split(\".\");\n\n    let expression: string;\n\n    if (parts.length === 1) {\n      // Single part: just a column name, prefix with default table\n      expression = `${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(effectiveTable)}.${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(field)}`;\n    } else if (parts.length === 2) {\n      // Two parts: could be \"table.column\" or \"jsonbColumn.key\"\n      const [first, second] = parts;\n\n      if (this.isTableReference(first)) {\n        // It's table.column - regular column reference\n        expression = `${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(first)}.${this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(second)}`;\n      } else {\n        // It's jsonbColumn.key - JSONB path\n        expression = this.buildJsonbPath(effectiveTable, first, [second]);\n      }\n    } else {\n      // Three or more parts: \"table.jsonbColumn.key...\" or \"jsonbColumn.key1.key2...\"\n      const [first, second, ...rest] = parts;\n\n      if (this.isTableReference(first)) {\n        // First part is table: \"posts.createdBy.id\" → table is \"posts\", JSONB is \"createdBy.id\"\n        expression = this.buildJsonbPath(first, second, rest);\n      } else {\n        // No table prefix: \"createdBy.address.city\" → use default table\n        expression = this.buildJsonbPath(effectiveTable, first, [second, ...rest]);\n      }\n    }\n\n    return cast ? `(${expression})::${cast}` : expression;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Check if a string is a table reference (main table or join table).\n   */\n  private isTableReference(name: string): boolean {\n    if (name === this.table || name === this.alias) {\n      return true;\n    }\n\n    if (this.joinedTables.has(name)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Build a JSONB path expression.\n   *\n   * @param table - Table name\n   * @param column - JSONB column name\n   * @param path - Array of nested keys\n   * @returns PostgreSQL JSONB path expression\n   *\n   * Returns the raw JSONB path expression — extracted values are always `text`\n   * (`->>` returns text). Callers that need a different type must request an\n   * explicit cast via the `::type` suffix in `parseColumnIdentifier`.\n   *\n   * @example\n   * buildJsonbPath(\"posts\", \"createdBy\", [\"id\"])\n   * // Returns: \"posts\".\"createdBy\"->>'id'\n   *\n   * buildJsonbPath(\"posts\", \"createdBy\", [\"address\", \"city\"])\n   * // Returns: \"posts\".\"createdBy\"->'address'->>'city'\n   */\n  private buildJsonbPath(table: string, column: string, path: string[]): string {\n    const quotedTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(table);\n    const quotedColumn = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(column);\n\n    if (path.length === 0) {\n      return `${quotedTable}.${quotedColumn}`;\n    }\n\n    // Build JSONB path: use -> for intermediate keys, ->> for final key (returns text)\n    let expression = `${quotedTable}.${quotedColumn}`;\n\n    for (let i = 0; i < path.length; i++) {\n      const isLast = i === path.length - 1;\n      const operator = isLast ? \"->>\" : \"->\";\n      expression += `${operator}'${path[i]}'`;\n    }\n\n    return expression;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process CROSS JOIN operation.\n   */\n  private processCrossJoin(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const table = data.table as string;\n    const quotedTable = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(table);\n    this.joinClauses.push(`CROSS JOIN ${quotedTable}`);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process raw JOIN expression.\n   */\n  private processJoinRaw(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const expression = data.expression as string;\n    const bindings = (data.bindings as unknown[]) ?? [];\n\n    let processed = expression;\n    for (const binding of bindings) {\n      processed = processed.replace(\"?\", this.addParam(binding));\n    }\n\n    this.joinClauses.push(processed);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process ORDER BY operation.\n   */\n  private processOrderBy(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const direction = ((data.direction as string) ?? \"asc\").toUpperCase();\n\n    const quotedField = this.parseColumnIdentifier(field, this.table, this.alias);\n    this.orderClauses.push(`${quotedField} ${direction}`);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process raw ORDER BY expression.\n   */\n  private processOrderByRaw(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const expression = data.expression as string;\n    const bindings = (data.bindings as unknown[]) ?? [];\n\n    // Replace ? placeholders with $n positional params (same as processWhereRaw)\n    let processed = expression;\n    for (const binding of bindings) {\n      processed = processed.replace(\"?\", this.addParam(binding));\n    }\n    this.orderClauses.push(processed);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process GROUP BY operation.\n   */\n  private processGroupBy(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const fields = data.fields as string | string[];\n    const columns = Array.isArray(fields) ? fields : [fields];\n    this.groupColumns.push(...columns);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process a raw GROUP BY expression (emitted verbatim, no quoting). Used by\n   * `groupByDate` to add a `date_trunc(...)` bucket to the GROUP BY clause.\n   */\n  private processGroupByRaw(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const expression = data.expression as string;\n    this.groupRawExpressions.push(expression);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process HAVING operation.\n   */\n  private processHaving(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    const field = data.field as string;\n    const operator = (data.operator as string) ?? \"=\";\n    const value = data.value;\n\n    const quotedField = this.dialect.quoteIdentifier(field);\n    const placeholder = this.addParam(value);\n\n    this.havingClauses.push(`${quotedField} ${operator} ${placeholder}`);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Process a raw HAVING expression, threading `?` placeholders into\n   * positional params the same way `processWhereRaw` / `processSelectRaw` do.\n   * Without this, bindings on a `havingRaw` op are silently dropped.\n   */\n  private processHavingRaw(data: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    let expression = data.expression as string;\n    const bindings = (data.bindings as unknown[]) ?? [];\n\n    for (const binding of bindings) {\n      expression = expression.replace(\"?\", this.addParam(binding));\n    }\n\n    this.havingClauses.push(expression);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Add a WHERE clause with boolean operator.\n   */\n  private addWhereClause(clause: string, boolean: \"AND\" | \"OR\"): void {\n    if (this.whereClauses.length === 0) {\n      this.whereClauses.push(clause);\n    } else {\n      this.whereClauses.push(`${boolean} ${clause}`);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Map simple Cascade operators to their SQL equivalents.\n   *\n   * Complex operators (between, in, like-variants, exists) are handled by\n   * dedicated processors and should never reach this method.\n   */\n  private mapOperator(operator: WhereOperator): string {\n    const mapping: Record<string, string> = {\n      \"=\": \"=\",\n      \"!=\": \"!=\",\n      \"<>\": \"<>\",\n      \">\": \">\",\n      \">=\": \">=\",\n      \"<\": \"<\",\n      \"<=\": \"<=\",\n      like: \"LIKE\",\n      notlike: \"NOT LIKE\",\n      ilike: \"ILIKE\",\n    };\n\n    return mapping[operator.toLowerCase()] ?? operator;\n  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package/esm/drivers/postgres/types.d.mts

@@ -34,6 +34,21 @@ type PostgresPoolConfig = PostgresConnectionConfig & {
   readonly connectionTimeoutMillis?: number; /** Maximum times to use a connection before destroying it */
   readonly maxUses?: number; /** Application name for connection identification */
   readonly application_name?: string;
+  /**
+   * Column names whose values are native PostgreSQL arrays (e.g. `JSONB[]`,
+   * `TEXT[]`, `INTEGER[]`) rather than scalar `json` / `jsonb` columns.
+   *
+   * The serializer cannot see the table schema, so by default it
+   * `JSON.stringify`s every non-vector array (and plain object) so it binds
+   * as JSON text — the only correct form for a `json` / `jsonb` column. For a
+   * genuine native-array column (`arrayJson()` → `JSONB[]`, `arrayText()` →
+   * `TEXT[]`, …) that conversion is wrong: node-pg must receive the raw JS
+   * array so it emits a `{...}` array literal. List those columns here to
+   * opt them out of JSON-text encoding.
+   *
+   * @default undefined (no native-array columns)
+   */
+  readonly nativeArrayColumns?: readonly string[];
 };
 /**
  * PostgreSQL query result wrapper.

package/esm/drivers/postgres/types.d.mts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/esm/drivers/sql/sql-dialect.contract.d.mts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { ColumnExpression } from "../../expressions/column-expressions.mjs";
 import { AggregateExpression } from "../../expressions/aggregate-expressions.mjs";
 
 //#region ../@warlock.js/cascade/src/drivers/sql/sql-dialect.contract.d.ts
@@ -215,6 +216,25 @@ interface SqlDialectContract {
    * ```
    */
   aggregateToSql(expression: AggregateExpression): string;
+  /**
+   * Compile a typed {@link ColumnExpression} tree into a SQL fragment.
+   *
+   * Used by expression-aware aggregates (e.g. `$agg.sum($expr.mul("price","qty"))`).
+   * Column references MUST be quoted/escaped via the dialect's identifier path
+   * — never raw-interpolated. Only the `raw` node emits a verbatim string.
+   *
+   * @param expression - The expression tree to compile
+   * @returns A SQL fragment (e.g. `("price" * "quantity")`)
+   */
+  columnExpressionToSql(expression: ColumnExpression): string;
+  /**
+   * Build a date-bucket truncation expression for a portable `groupByDate`.
+   *
+   * @param column - The date/timestamp column to truncate
+   * @param unit - The bucket granularity
+   * @returns The SQL fragment (e.g. `date_trunc('month', "created_at")`)
+   */
+  dateTruncSql(column: string, unit: "day" | "week" | "month" | "year"): string;
 }
 //#endregion
 export { SqlDialectContract };

package/esm/drivers/sql/sql-dialect.contract.d.mts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"sql-dialect.contract.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../@warlock.js/cascade/src/drivers/sql/sql-dialect.contract.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;UAmCiB,kBAAA;EA4Kf;;;;;EAAA,SAtKS,IAAA;EAwKP;;;;;AAuB4C;;;;;;;;;;;EA7K9C,WAAA,CAAY,KAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAoBZ,eAAA,CAAgB,UAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAkBhB,cAAA,CAAe,KAAA;;;;;;;WAQN,iBAAA;;;;;;;WAQA,aAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAkBT,WAAA,CAAY,KAAA,WAAgB,MAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAoB5B,WAAA,CAAY,MAAA,UAAgB,IAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;EAa5B,YAAA,CAAa,MAAA,UAAgB,KAAA,WAAgB,IAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAgB7C,WAAA,CAAY,OAAA,UAAiB,eAAA;IAA8B,QAAA;IAAkB,OAAA;EAAA;;;;;;;;;;;EAY7E,aAAA,CAAc,MAAA,UAAgB,UAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAe9B,UAAA,CACE,IAAA,UACA,OAAA;IAAY,MAAA;IAAiB,SAAA;IAAoB,KAAA;IAAgB,UAAA;EAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAuBnE,cAAA,CAAe,UAAA,EAAY,mBAAmB;AAAA"}
+{"version":3,"file":"sql-dialect.contract.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../../@warlock.js/cascade/src/drivers/sql/sql-dialect.contract.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;UAmCiB,kBAAA;EA6Je;;;;;EAAA,SAvJrB,IAAA;EAwK0D;;;;;;;;;;;;AA4CC;;;;EAlMpE,WAAA,CAAY,KAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAoBZ,eAAA,CAAgB,UAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAkBhB,cAAA,CAAe,KAAA;;;;;;;WAQN,iBAAA;;;;;;;WAQA,aAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAkBT,WAAA,CAAY,KAAA,WAAgB,MAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAoB5B,WAAA,CAAY,MAAA,UAAgB,IAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;EAa5B,YAAA,CAAa,MAAA,UAAgB,KAAA,WAAgB,IAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAgB7C,WAAA,CAAY,OAAA,UAAiB,eAAA;IAA8B,QAAA;IAAkB,OAAA;EAAA;;;;;;;;;;;EAY7E,aAAA,CAAc,MAAA,UAAgB,UAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAe9B,UAAA,CACE,IAAA,UACA,OAAA;IAAY,MAAA;IAAiB,SAAA;IAAoB,KAAA;IAAgB,UAAA;EAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;EAuBnE,cAAA,CAAe,UAAA,EAAY,mBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;EAY3B,qBAAA,CAAsB,UAAA,EAAY,gBAAgB;;;;;;;;EASlD,YAAA,CAAa,MAAA,UAAgB,IAAA;AAAA"}

package/esm/expressions/aggregate-expressions.d.mts

@@ -1,30 +1,6 @@
+import { ColumnExpression, ColumnExpressionInput } from "./column-expressions.mjs";
+
 //#region ../@warlock.js/cascade/src/expressions/aggregate-expressions.d.ts
-/**
- * Database-agnostic aggregation expressions.
- *
- * `count` / `sum` / `avg` / `min` / `max` are **cross-driver** — the same
- * call compiles to the native shape on every supported database (MongoDB
- * `{ $sum: "$field" }`, SQL `SUM(field)`, ...).
- *
- * `distinct` / `floor` / `first` / `last` are **MongoDB-only**. They have no
- * single-scalar `GROUP BY` equivalent in SQL, so on Postgres they throw a
- * fail-fast error at the `.groupBy()` call (naming the `selectRaw` /
- * `havingRaw` escape hatch) rather than emit a silently-different query.
- *
- * @example
- * ```typescript
- * import { $agg } from '@warlock.js/cascade';
- *
- * // Works for both MongoDB and SQL
- * Lesson.query()
- *   .groupBy("type", {
- *     count: $agg.count(),
- *     total: $agg.sum("duration"),
- *     avg: $agg.avg("rating")
- *   })
- *   .get();
- * ```
- */
 /**
  * Abstract aggregate expression format.
  *
@@ -32,13 +8,20 @@
  * to their native syntax.
  */
 type AggregateExpression = {
-  /** The aggregate function type */__agg: AggregateFunction; /** The field to aggregate (null for count) */
+  /** The aggregate function type */__agg: AggregateFunction; /** The field to aggregate (null for count, or when `__expr` carries a composed expression) */
   __field: string | null;
+  /**
+   * A typed column expression to aggregate over, when the aggregate operates
+   * on more than a bare column (e.g. `price * quantity`). When present, drivers
+   * compile this instead of `__field`. Absent for the simple bare-column form
+   * so existing `$agg.sum("col")` payloads stay byte-for-byte identical.
+   */
+  __expr?: ColumnExpression;
 };
 /**
  * Supported aggregate functions.
  */
-type AggregateFunction = "count" | "sum" | "avg" | "min" | "max" | "first" | "last" | "distinct" | "floor";
+type AggregateFunction = "count" | "countDistinct" | "sum" | "avg" | "min" | "max" | "first" | "last" | "distinct" | "floor";
 /**
  * Checks if a value is an abstract aggregate expression.
  */
@@ -68,23 +51,77 @@ declare const $agg: {
    */
   count(): AggregateExpression;
   /**
-   * Sum a numeric field across documents in each group.
+   * Count the number of distinct values of a field in each group.
+   *
+   * @param field - The field name to count distinct values of
+   * @returns Abstract count-distinct expression
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * query.groupBy("country", {
+   *   uniqueCities: $agg.countDistinct("city")
+   * });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * **Cross-driver.** Translates to:
+   * - SQL: `COUNT(DISTINCT city)`
+   * - MongoDB: `{ $addToSet: "$city" }` in the `$group` stage, finalized with
+   *   `{ $size: "$uniqueCities" }` in the renaming `$project` (the standard
+   *   distinct-count-per-group pattern, since `$size` is not a `$group`
+   *   accumulator).
+   */
+  countDistinct(field: string): AggregateExpression;
+  /**
+   * Sum a numeric field — or a composed arithmetic expression — across
+   * documents in each group.
    *
-   * @param field - The field name to sum
+   * Pass a bare column name to sum a single field (unchanged from v1), or a
+   * typed `$expr` node (`$expr.mul` / `$expr.add` / `$expr.sub` / `$expr.div` /
+   * `$expr.col` / `$expr.lit`) to sum a computed value such as `price * quantity`.
+   *
+   * @param input - A field name or a typed `ColumnExpression`
    * @returns Abstract sum expression
    *
    * @example
    * ```typescript
+   * import { $agg, $expr } from "@warlock.js/cascade";
+   *
+   * // Bare column
+   * query.groupBy("type", { totalDuration: $agg.sum("duration") });
+   *
+   * // Composed expression: SUM(price * quantity)
+   * query.groupBy("type", { revenue: $agg.sum($expr.mul("price", "quantity")) });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * Translates to:
+   * - SQL: `SUM("duration")` / `SUM(("price" * "quantity"))`
+   * - MongoDB: `{ $sum: "$duration" }` / `{ $sum: { $multiply: ["$price", "$quantity"] } }`
+   */
+  sum(input: ColumnExpressionInput): AggregateExpression;
+  /**
+   * Sum a raw, driver-native expression escape hatch.
+   *
+   * Equivalent to `$agg.sum($expr.raw(expression))`. The raw string is emitted
+   * verbatim into the generated query — never build it from untrusted input.
+   * Reach for the typed {@link sum} form first; this exists only for fragments
+   * the typed combinators can't express.
+   *
+   * @param expression - A raw expression fragment (e.g. `"price * quantity"`)
+   * @returns Abstract sum expression wrapping the raw fragment
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
    * query.groupBy("type", {
-   *   totalDuration: $agg.sum("duration")
+   *   net: $agg.sumRaw("price * quantity * (1 - discount)"),
    * });
    * ```
    *
    * Translates to:
-   * - MongoDB: `{ $sum: "$duration" }`
-   * - SQL: `SUM(duration)`
+   * - SQL: `SUM(price * quantity * (1 - discount))`
+   * - MongoDB: throws — raw SQL fragments are not portable to a pipeline; use
+   *   the typed {@link sum} form (or `groupByRaw`) on MongoDB instead.
    */
-  sum(field: string): AggregateExpression;
+  sumRaw(expression: string): AggregateExpression;
   /**
    * Calculate the average value of a field across documents in each group.
    *

package/esm/expressions/aggregate-expressions.d.mts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"aggregate-expressions.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../../../@warlock.js/cascade/src/expressions/aggregate-expressions.ts"],"mappings":";;;AAmFA;;;;;;AAAA,KA/CY,mBAAA;EAqJkB,kCAnJ5B,KAAA,EAAO,iBAAA,EAiMa;EA/LpB,OAAA;EA2OyB;;;;;;EApOzB,MAAA,GAAS,gBAAgB;AAAA;;;;KAMf,iBAAA;;;;iBAeI,qBAAA,CAAsB,KAAA,YAAiB,KAAA,IAAS,mBAAmB;;;;;;;cAetE,IAAA;EAoJS;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;WAnIX,mBAAA;EAmP+B;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;gCA3NV,mBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;aA8BnB,qBAAA,GAAwB,mBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;8BA+BP,mBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;sBAyBR,mBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;sBAqBA,mBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;sBAqBA,mBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;2BAuBK,mBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;wBAsBH,mBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;wBAuBA,mBAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;uBAuBD,mBAAA;AAAA"}

package/esm/expressions/aggregate-expressions.mjs

@@ -35,26 +35,99 @@ const $agg = {
 		};
 	},
 	/**
-	* Sum a numeric field across documents in each group.
+	* Count the number of distinct values of a field in each group.
 	*
-	* @param field - The field name to sum
+	* @param field - The field name to count distinct values of
+	* @returns Abstract count-distinct expression
+	*
+	* @example
+	* ```typescript
+	* query.groupBy("country", {
+	*   uniqueCities: $agg.countDistinct("city")
+	* });
+	* ```
+	*
+	* **Cross-driver.** Translates to:
+	* - SQL: `COUNT(DISTINCT city)`
+	* - MongoDB: `{ $addToSet: "$city" }` in the `$group` stage, finalized with
+	*   `{ $size: "$uniqueCities" }` in the renaming `$project` (the standard
+	*   distinct-count-per-group pattern, since `$size` is not a `$group`
+	*   accumulator).
+	*/
+	countDistinct(field) {
+		return {
+			__agg: "countDistinct",
+			__field: field
+		};
+	},
+	/**
+	* Sum a numeric field — or a composed arithmetic expression — across
+	* documents in each group.
+	*
+	* Pass a bare column name to sum a single field (unchanged from v1), or a
+	* typed `$expr` node (`$expr.mul` / `$expr.add` / `$expr.sub` / `$expr.div` /
+	* `$expr.col` / `$expr.lit`) to sum a computed value such as `price * quantity`.
+	*
+	* @param input - A field name or a typed `ColumnExpression`
 	* @returns Abstract sum expression
 	*
 	* @example
 	* ```typescript
+	* import { $agg, $expr } from "@warlock.js/cascade";
+	*
+	* // Bare column
+	* query.groupBy("type", { totalDuration: $agg.sum("duration") });
+	*
+	* // Composed expression: SUM(price * quantity)
+	* query.groupBy("type", { revenue: $agg.sum($expr.mul("price", "quantity")) });
+	* ```
+	*
+	* Translates to:
+	* - SQL: `SUM("duration")` / `SUM(("price" * "quantity"))`
+	* - MongoDB: `{ $sum: "$duration" }` / `{ $sum: { $multiply: ["$price", "$quantity"] } }`
+	*/
+	sum(input) {
+		if (typeof input === "string") return {
+			__agg: "sum",
+			__field: input
+		};
+		return {
+			__agg: "sum",
+			__field: null,
+			__expr: input
+		};
+	},
+	/**
+	* Sum a raw, driver-native expression escape hatch.
+	*
+	* Equivalent to `$agg.sum($expr.raw(expression))`. The raw string is emitted
+	* verbatim into the generated query — never build it from untrusted input.
+	* Reach for the typed {@link sum} form first; this exists only for fragments
+	* the typed combinators can't express.
+	*
+	* @param expression - A raw expression fragment (e.g. `"price * quantity"`)
+	* @returns Abstract sum expression wrapping the raw fragment
+	*
+	* @example
+	* ```typescript
 	* query.groupBy("type", {
-	*   totalDuration: $agg.sum("duration")
+	*   net: $agg.sumRaw("price * quantity * (1 - discount)"),
 	* });
 	* ```
 	*
 	* Translates to:
-	* - MongoDB: `{ $sum: "$duration" }`
-	* - SQL: `SUM(duration)`
+	* - SQL: `SUM(price * quantity * (1 - discount))`
+	* - MongoDB: throws — raw SQL fragments are not portable to a pipeline; use
+	*   the typed {@link sum} form (or `groupByRaw`) on MongoDB instead.
 	*/
-	sum(field) {
+	sumRaw(expression) {
 		return {
 			__agg: "sum",
-			__field: field
+			__field: null,
+			__expr: {
+				__expr: "raw",
+				expression
+			}
 		};
 	},
 	/**