@wahack/pi-coding-agent 15.11.0

package/src/config/model-resolver.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1502 @@
+/**
+ * Model resolution, scoping, and initial selection.
+ *
+ * Layering:
+ * - `matchModel` is the single matching engine. Order: exact `provider/id`
+ *   reference (with OpenRouter routed/date fallbacks) → exact canonical id →
+ *   exact bare id → provider-scoped fuzzy → substring with alias-vs-dated pick.
+ * - `parseModelPatternWithContext`/`parseModelPattern` layer the selector
+ *   grammar on top: trailing `:level` thinking suffixes (`splitThinkingSuffix`)
+ *   and `@upstream` provider routing (`splitUpstreamRouting`).
+ * - Everything else (`resolveModelFromString`, `resolveModelOverride*`,
+ *   `resolveRoleSelection`, `resolveModelScope`, `resolveCliModel`,
+ *   `findSmolModel`/`findSlowModel`) adapts inputs — roles, settings patterns,
+ *   CLI flags, scope globs — onto that pipeline.
+ */
+
+import { ThinkingLevel } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-agent-core";
+import type { Api, Effort, KnownProvider, Model, ModelSpec } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-ai";
+import { buildModel } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-catalog/build";
+import { modelMatchesHost } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-catalog/hosts";
+import { buildModelProviderPriorityRank } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-catalog/identity";
+import { clampThinkingLevelForModel } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-catalog/model-thinking";
+import { modelsAreEqual } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-catalog/models";
+import { DEFAULT_MODEL_PER_PROVIDER } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-catalog/provider-models";
+import { fuzzyMatch } from './stubs/tui/index.ts';
+import { logger } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils";
+import chalk from "chalk";
+import MODEL_PRIO from "../priority.json" with { type: "json" };
+import { parseThinkingLevel, resolveThinkingLevelForModel } from "../thinking";
+import { isAuthenticated, kNoAuth, type ModelRegistry } from "./model-registry";
+import { MODEL_ROLE_IDS, type ModelRole } from "./model-roles";
+import type { Settings } from "./settings";
+
+/**
+ * Pick the first available model matching a known provider's default id
+ * (catalog table order), falling back to the first available model.
+ */
+function pickDefaultAvailableModel(availableModels: Model<Api>[]): Model<Api> | undefined {
+	for (const provider of Object.keys(DEFAULT_MODEL_PER_PROVIDER) as KnownProvider[]) {
+		const defaultId = DEFAULT_MODEL_PER_PROVIDER[provider];
+		const match = availableModels.find(m => m.provider === provider && m.id === defaultId);
+		if (match) return match;
+	}
+	return availableModels[0];
+}
+
+export interface ScopedModel {
+	model: Model<Api>;
+	thinkingLevel?: ThinkingLevel;
+	explicitThinkingLevel: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Split a trailing `:<level>` thinking selector off a model pattern.
+ *
+ * `level` is set only when the suffix parses as a valid thinking level, in
+ * which case `base` has the suffix stripped; otherwise `base` is the input.
+ * `minColonIndex` requires the colon to appear strictly after that index —
+ * role-alias callers pass `PREFIX_MODEL_ROLE.length` so the base is at least
+ * as long as the `pi/` prefix.
+ */
+function splitThinkingSuffix(pattern: string, minColonIndex = -1): { base: string; level?: ThinkingLevel } {
+	const colonIdx = pattern.lastIndexOf(":");
+	if (colonIdx <= minColonIndex) return { base: pattern };
+	const level = parseThinkingLevel(pattern.slice(colonIdx + 1));
+	return level ? { base: pattern.slice(0, colonIdx), level } : { base: pattern };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a model string in "provider/modelId" format.
+ * Returns undefined if the format is invalid.
+ */
+export function parseModelString(
+	modelStr: string,
+): { provider: string; id: string; thinkingLevel?: ThinkingLevel } | undefined {
+	const slashIdx = modelStr.indexOf("/");
+	if (slashIdx <= 0) return undefined;
+	const id = modelStr.slice(slashIdx + 1);
+	const provider = modelStr.slice(0, slashIdx);
+	// Strip valid thinking level suffix (e.g., "claude-sonnet-4-6:high" -> id "claude-sonnet-4-6", thinkingLevel "high")
+	const { base, level } = splitThinkingSuffix(id);
+	return level ? { provider, id: base, thinkingLevel: level } : { provider, id };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format a model as "provider/modelId" string.
+ */
+export function formatModelString(model: Model<Api>): string {
+	return `${model.provider}/${model.id}`;
+}
+
+export function formatModelSelectorValue(selector: string, thinkingLevel: ThinkingLevel | undefined): string {
+	return thinkingLevel && thinkingLevel !== ThinkingLevel.Inherit ? `${selector}:${thinkingLevel}` : selector;
+}
+
+function getOpenRouterRouteSuffix(modelId: string): { baseId: string; suffix: string } | undefined {
+	const colonIdx = modelId.lastIndexOf(":");
+	if (colonIdx === -1) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	const suffix = modelId.slice(colonIdx + 1).trim();
+	if (!suffix || parseThinkingLevel(suffix)) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	return { baseId: modelId.slice(0, colonIdx), suffix };
+}
+
+function stripOpenRouterDateSuffix(modelId: string): string | undefined {
+	const stripped = modelId.replace(/-\d{8}(?=$|:)/i, "");
+	return stripped !== modelId ? stripped : undefined;
+}
+
+function getOpenRouterFallbackModelIds(modelId: string): string[] {
+	const orderedCandidates: string[] = [];
+	const queue = [modelId];
+	const seen = new Set<string>();
+
+	while (queue.length > 0) {
+		const candidate = queue.shift();
+		if (!candidate || seen.has(candidate)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		seen.add(candidate);
+		orderedCandidates.push(candidate);
+
+		const routedSuffix = getOpenRouterRouteSuffix(candidate);
+		if (routedSuffix) {
+			queue.push(routedSuffix.baseId);
+		}
+
+		const strippedDate = stripOpenRouterDateSuffix(candidate);
+		if (strippedDate) {
+			queue.push(strippedDate);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return orderedCandidates;
+}
+
+function cloneModelWithRequestedId(model: Model<Api>, requestedId: string): Model<Api> {
+	return {
+		...model,
+		id: requestedId,
+		...(model.name === model.id ? { name: requestedId } : {}),
+	};
+}
+
+const UPSTREAM_ROUTING_SLUG = /^[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?$/i;
+
+/**
+ * Split a trailing `@<upstream>` provider-routing selector off a model pattern.
+ *
+ * `openrouter/z-ai/glm-4.7@cerebras` -> base `openrouter/z-ai/glm-4.7`, upstream
+ * `cerebras`. A `:thinking` suffix after the slug is kept on the base
+ * (`...@cerebras:high` -> base `...:high`). Returns undefined when there is no
+ * `@` or the suffix is not a bare provider slug, so model ids that legitimately
+ * contain `@` (`claude-opus-4-8@default`, `workers-ai/@cf/...`) are never split.
+ */
+function splitUpstreamRouting(pattern: string): { base: string; upstream: string } | undefined {
+	const at = pattern.lastIndexOf("@");
+	if (at <= 0) return undefined;
+	const rest = pattern.slice(at + 1);
+	const colon = rest.indexOf(":");
+	const upstream = colon === -1 ? rest : rest.slice(0, colon);
+	if (!UPSTREAM_ROUTING_SLUG.test(upstream)) return undefined;
+	const trailing = colon === -1 ? "" : rest.slice(colon);
+	return { base: pattern.slice(0, at) + trailing, upstream };
+}
+
+/** OpenRouter and Vercel AI Gateway are the aggregators that honor per-request upstream routing. */
+function supportsUpstreamRouting(model: Model<Api>): boolean {
+	return modelMatchesHost(model, "openrouter") || modelMatchesHost(model, "vercelAIGateway");
+}
+
+/** Pin a resolved aggregator model to a single upstream provider via its compat routing block. */
+function applyUpstreamRouting(model: Model<Api>, upstream: string): Model<Api> {
+	const aggregatorModel = model as Model<"openai-completions">;
+	const routing = { only: [upstream] };
+	return buildModel({
+		...model,
+		compat: modelMatchesHost(model, "vercelAIGateway")
+			? { ...aggregatorModel.compatConfig, vercelGatewayRouting: routing }
+			: { ...aggregatorModel.compatConfig, openRouterRouting: routing },
+	} as ModelSpec<Api>);
+}
+
+const kProviderModelIndex = Symbol("model-resolver.providerIndex");
+type ModelsWithProviderIndex = readonly Model<Api>[] & {
+	[kProviderModelIndex]?: Map<string, Model<Api> | null>;
+};
+
+function getProviderModelIndex(availableModels: readonly Model<Api>[]): Map<string, Model<Api> | null> {
+	const tagged = availableModels as ModelsWithProviderIndex;
+	const cached = tagged[kProviderModelIndex];
+	if (cached) return cached;
+	const index = new Map<string, Model<Api> | null>();
+	for (const m of availableModels) {
+		const key = `${m.provider.toLowerCase()}\u0000${m.id.toLowerCase()}`;
+		if (index.has(key)) {
+			index.set(key, null); // ambiguous sentinel; do not overwrite back
+		} else {
+			index.set(key, m);
+		}
+	}
+	tagged[kProviderModelIndex] = index;
+	return index;
+}
+
+export function resolveProviderModelReference(
+	provider: string,
+	modelId: string,
+	availableModels: readonly Model<Api>[],
+): Model<Api> | undefined {
+	const normalizedProvider = provider.trim().toLowerCase();
+	const normalizedModelId = modelId.trim().toLowerCase();
+	if (!normalizedProvider || !normalizedModelId) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	const index = getProviderModelIndex(availableModels);
+	const exact = index.get(`${normalizedProvider}\u0000${normalizedModelId}`);
+	if (exact === null) {
+		return undefined; // ambiguous
+	}
+	if (exact !== undefined) {
+		return exact;
+	}
+
+	if (normalizedProvider !== "openrouter") {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	for (const fallbackId of getOpenRouterFallbackModelIds(modelId).slice(1)) {
+		const fallback = index.get(`${normalizedProvider}\u0000${fallbackId.toLowerCase()}`);
+		if (fallback === null) {
+			return undefined;
+		}
+		if (fallback !== undefined) {
+			return cloneModelWithRequestedId(fallback, modelId);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+export interface ModelMatchPreferences {
+	/** Most-recently-used model keys (provider/modelId) to prefer when ambiguous. */
+	usageOrder?: string[];
+	/** Provider precedence used for ambiguous unqualified model patterns. */
+	providerOrder?: readonly string[];
+	/** Providers to deprioritize when no recent usage or provider priority is available. */
+	deprioritizeProviders?: string[];
+}
+
+export type CanonicalModelRegistry = Partial<
+	Pick<ModelRegistry, "resolveCanonicalModel" | "getCanonicalVariants" | "getCanonicalId">
+>;
+export type ModelLookupRegistry = Pick<ModelRegistry, "getAvailable"> & Partial<CanonicalModelRegistry>;
+type CliModelRegistry = Pick<ModelRegistry, "getAll"> & Partial<CanonicalModelRegistry>;
+type InitialModelRegistry = Pick<ModelRegistry, "getAvailable" | "find">;
+type RestorableModelRegistry = Pick<ModelRegistry, "getAvailable" | "find" | "getApiKey">;
+
+interface ModelPreferenceContext {
+	modelUsageRank: Map<string, number>;
+	providerUsageRank: Map<string, number>;
+	providerPriorityRank: Map<string, number>;
+	deprioritizedProviders: Set<string>;
+	modelOrder: Map<string, number>;
+}
+
+function buildPreferenceContext(
+	availableModels: Model<Api>[],
+	preferences: ModelMatchPreferences | undefined,
+): ModelPreferenceContext {
+	const modelUsageRank = new Map<string, number>();
+	const providerUsageRank = new Map<string, number>();
+	const usageOrder = preferences?.usageOrder ?? [];
+	for (let i = 0; i < usageOrder.length; i += 1) {
+		const key = usageOrder[i];
+		if (!modelUsageRank.has(key)) {
+			modelUsageRank.set(key, i);
+		}
+		const parsed = parseModelString(key);
+		if (parsed && !providerUsageRank.has(parsed.provider)) {
+			providerUsageRank.set(parsed.provider, i);
+		}
+	}
+	const providerPriorityRank = buildModelProviderPriorityRank(preferences?.providerOrder);
+	const deprioritizedProviders = new Set(preferences?.deprioritizeProviders ?? []);
+	const modelOrder = new Map<string, number>();
+	for (let i = 0; i < availableModels.length; i += 1) {
+		modelOrder.set(formatModelString(availableModels[i]), i);
+	}
+
+	return { modelUsageRank, providerUsageRank, providerPriorityRank, deprioritizedProviders, modelOrder };
+}
+
+export function getModelMatchPreferences(
+	settings?: Partial<Pick<Settings, "get" | "getStorage">>,
+): ModelMatchPreferences {
+	return {
+		usageOrder: settings?.getStorage?.()?.getModelUsageOrder(),
+		providerOrder: settings?.get?.("modelProviderOrder"),
+	};
+}
+
+function mergeModelMatchPreferences(
+	settings: Settings | undefined,
+	preferences: ModelMatchPreferences | undefined,
+): ModelMatchPreferences {
+	const settingsPreferences = getModelMatchPreferences(settings);
+	return {
+		usageOrder: preferences?.usageOrder ?? settingsPreferences.usageOrder,
+		providerOrder: preferences?.providerOrder ?? settingsPreferences.providerOrder,
+		deprioritizeProviders: preferences?.deprioritizeProviders,
+	};
+}
+
+function pickPreferredModel(candidates: Model<Api>[], context: ModelPreferenceContext): Model<Api> {
+	if (candidates.length <= 1) return candidates[0];
+	return [...candidates].sort((a, b) => {
+		const aKey = formatModelString(a);
+		const bKey = formatModelString(b);
+		const aUsage = context.modelUsageRank.get(aKey);
+		const bUsage = context.modelUsageRank.get(bKey);
+		if (aUsage !== undefined || bUsage !== undefined) {
+			return (aUsage ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) - (bUsage ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+		}
+
+		const aProviderPriority = context.providerPriorityRank.get(a.provider.toLowerCase());
+		const bProviderPriority = context.providerPriorityRank.get(b.provider.toLowerCase());
+		if (aProviderPriority !== undefined || bProviderPriority !== undefined) {
+			return (aProviderPriority ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) - (bProviderPriority ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+		}
+
+		const aProviderUsage = context.providerUsageRank.get(a.provider);
+		const bProviderUsage = context.providerUsageRank.get(b.provider);
+		if (aProviderUsage !== undefined || bProviderUsage !== undefined) {
+			return (aProviderUsage ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) - (bProviderUsage ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+		}
+
+		const aDeprioritized = context.deprioritizedProviders.has(a.provider);
+		const bDeprioritized = context.deprioritizedProviders.has(b.provider);
+		if (aDeprioritized !== bDeprioritized) {
+			return aDeprioritized ? 1 : -1;
+		}
+
+		const aOrder = context.modelOrder.get(aKey) ?? 0;
+		const bOrder = context.modelOrder.get(bKey) ?? 0;
+		return aOrder - bOrder;
+	})[0];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper to check if a model ID looks like an alias (no date suffix)
+ * Dates are typically in format: -20241022 or -20250929
+ */
+function isAlias(id: string): boolean {
+	// Check if ID ends with -latest
+	if (id.endsWith("-latest")) return true;
+
+	// Check if ID ends with a date pattern (-YYYYMMDD)
+	const datePattern = /-\d{8}$/;
+	return !datePattern.test(id);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find an exact explicit provider/model match.
+ * Bare model ids are handled separately so canonical ids can coalesce variants.
+ */
+function findExactModelReferenceMatch(modelReference: string, availableModels: Model<Api>[]): Model<Api> | undefined {
+	const trimmedReference = modelReference.trim();
+	if (!trimmedReference) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	const slashIndex = trimmedReference.indexOf("/");
+	if (slashIndex !== -1) {
+		const provider = trimmedReference.substring(0, slashIndex).trim();
+		const modelId = trimmedReference.substring(slashIndex + 1).trim();
+		if (provider && modelId) {
+			return resolveProviderModelReference(provider, modelId, availableModels);
+		}
+	}
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+function findExactCanonicalModelMatch(
+	modelReference: string,
+	availableModels: Model<Api>[],
+	modelRegistry: CanonicalModelRegistry | undefined,
+): Model<Api> | undefined {
+	if (!modelRegistry) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+	const trimmedReference = modelReference.trim();
+	if (!trimmedReference || trimmedReference.includes("/")) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+	return modelRegistry.resolveCanonicalModel?.(trimmedReference, {
+		availableOnly: false,
+		candidates: availableModels,
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * The single model-matching engine. Tries, in order:
+ * 1. exact `provider/id` reference (OpenRouter routed/date fallbacks included),
+ * 2. exact canonical id (coalesces provider variants),
+ * 3. exact bare id (preference-ranked),
+ * 4. provider-scoped fuzzy match,
+ * 5. substring match with the alias-vs-dated pick.
+ * Returns the matched model or undefined if no match found.
+ */
+function matchModel(
+	modelPattern: string,
+	availableModels: Model<Api>[],
+	context: ModelPreferenceContext,
+	options?: { modelRegistry?: CanonicalModelRegistry },
+): Model<Api> | undefined {
+	// Explicit provider/model selectors always bypass canonical coalescing.
+	const exactRefMatch = findExactModelReferenceMatch(modelPattern, availableModels);
+	if (exactRefMatch) {
+		return exactRefMatch;
+	}
+
+	// Exact canonical ids coalesce provider variants before bare-id matching.
+	const exactCanonicalMatch = findExactCanonicalModelMatch(modelPattern, availableModels, options?.modelRegistry);
+	if (exactCanonicalMatch) {
+		return exactCanonicalMatch;
+	}
+
+	// Exact ID match (case-insensitive) — this must happen before provider-scoped
+	// fuzzy matching so raw IDs that contain slashes (for example OpenRouter model
+	// IDs like "openai/gpt-4o:extended") still resolve as IDs instead of being
+	// misread as a provider-qualified selector.
+	const exactMatches = availableModels.filter(m => m.id.toLowerCase() === modelPattern.toLowerCase());
+	if (exactMatches.length > 0) {
+		return pickPreferredModel(exactMatches, context);
+	}
+	// Check for provider/modelId format — fuzzy match within provider only.
+	const slashIndex = modelPattern.indexOf("/");
+	if (slashIndex !== -1) {
+		const provider = modelPattern.substring(0, slashIndex);
+		const modelId = modelPattern.substring(slashIndex + 1);
+		const providerModels = availableModels.filter(m => m.provider.toLowerCase() === provider.toLowerCase());
+		if (providerModels.length === 0) {
+			// The prefix is not a known provider in this candidate set, so treat the
+			// slash as part of the raw model ID and continue with generic matching.
+		} else {
+			const scored = providerModels
+				.map(model => ({ model, match: fuzzyMatch(modelId, model.id) }))
+				.filter(entry => entry.match.matches);
+			if (scored.length === 0) {
+				return undefined;
+			}
+
+			scored.sort((a, b) => {
+				if (a.match.score !== b.match.score) return a.match.score - b.match.score;
+				const aKey = formatModelString(a.model);
+				const bKey = formatModelString(b.model);
+				const aUsage = context.modelUsageRank.get(aKey) ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+				const bUsage = context.modelUsageRank.get(bKey) ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+				if (aUsage !== bUsage) return aUsage - bUsage;
+
+				const aProviderUsage = context.providerUsageRank.get(a.model.provider) ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+				const bProviderUsage = context.providerUsageRank.get(b.model.provider) ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+				if (aProviderUsage !== bProviderUsage) return aProviderUsage - bProviderUsage;
+
+				const aOrder = context.modelOrder.get(aKey) ?? 0;
+				const bOrder = context.modelOrder.get(bKey) ?? 0;
+				return aOrder - bOrder;
+			});
+			return scored[0]?.model;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// No exact match - fall back to partial matching
+	const matches = availableModels.filter(
+		m =>
+			m.id.toLowerCase().includes(modelPattern.toLowerCase()) ||
+			m.name?.toLowerCase().includes(modelPattern.toLowerCase()),
+	);
+
+	if (matches.length === 0) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	// Separate into aliases and dated versions
+	const aliases = matches.filter(m => isAlias(m.id));
+	const datedVersions = matches.filter(m => !isAlias(m.id));
+
+	if (aliases.length > 0) {
+		return pickPreferredModel(aliases, context);
+	}
+	if (datedVersions.length === 0) return undefined;
+
+	if (datedVersions.length === 1) {
+		return datedVersions[0];
+	}
+
+	const sortedById = [...datedVersions].sort((a, b) => b.id.localeCompare(a.id));
+	const topId = sortedById[0]?.id;
+	if (!topId) return undefined;
+	const topCandidates = sortedById.filter(model => model.id === topId);
+	return pickPreferredModel(topCandidates, context);
+}
+
+export interface ParsedModelResult {
+	model: Model<Api> | undefined;
+	/** Thinking level if explicitly specified in pattern, undefined otherwise */
+	thinkingLevel?: ThinkingLevel;
+	/** Upstream provider slug from an `@upstream` routing selector, if present. */
+	upstream?: string;
+	warning: string | undefined;
+	explicitThinkingLevel: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a pattern to extract model and thinking level.
+ * Handles models with colons in their IDs (e.g., OpenRouter's :exacto suffix).
+ *
+ * Algorithm:
+ * 1. Try to match full pattern as a model
+ * 2. If found, return it with undefined thinking level
+ * 3. If not found and has colons, split on last colon:
+ *    - If suffix is valid thinking level, use it and recurse on prefix
+ *    - If suffix is invalid, warn and recurse on prefix
+ *
+ * @internal Exported for testing
+ */
+function parseModelPatternWithContext(
+	pattern: string,
+	availableModels: Model<Api>[],
+	context: ModelPreferenceContext,
+	options?: { allowInvalidThinkingSelectorFallback?: boolean; modelRegistry?: CanonicalModelRegistry },
+): ParsedModelResult {
+	// Try exact match first
+	const exactMatch = matchModel(pattern, availableModels, context, options);
+	if (exactMatch) {
+		return { model: exactMatch, thinkingLevel: undefined, warning: undefined, explicitThinkingLevel: false };
+	}
+
+	// No match - try stripping a valid thinking suffix and recursing
+	const { base, level } = splitThinkingSuffix(pattern);
+	if (level) {
+		const result = parseModelPatternWithContext(base, availableModels, context, options);
+		if (result.model) {
+			// Only use this thinking level if no warning from inner recursion
+			const explicitThinkingLevel = !result.warning;
+			return {
+				model: result.model,
+				thinkingLevel: explicitThinkingLevel ? level : undefined,
+				warning: result.warning,
+				explicitThinkingLevel,
+			};
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	const lastColonIndex = pattern.lastIndexOf(":");
+	if (lastColonIndex === -1) {
+		// No colons, pattern simply doesn't match any model
+		return { model: undefined, thinkingLevel: undefined, warning: undefined, explicitThinkingLevel: false };
+	}
+	const prefix = pattern.substring(0, lastColonIndex);
+	const suffix = pattern.substring(lastColonIndex + 1);
+
+	const allowFallback = options?.allowInvalidThinkingSelectorFallback ?? true;
+	if (!allowFallback) {
+		return { model: undefined, thinkingLevel: undefined, warning: undefined, explicitThinkingLevel: false };
+	}
+
+	// Invalid suffix - recurse on prefix and warn
+	const result = parseModelPatternWithContext(prefix, availableModels, context, options);
+	if (result.model) {
+		return {
+			model: result.model,
+			thinkingLevel: undefined,
+			warning: `Invalid thinking level "${suffix}" in pattern "${pattern}". Using default instead.`,
+			explicitThinkingLevel: false,
+		};
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+export function parseModelPattern(
+	pattern: string,
+	availableModels: Model<Api>[],
+	preferences?: ModelMatchPreferences,
+	options?: { allowInvalidThinkingSelectorFallback?: boolean; modelRegistry?: CanonicalModelRegistry },
+): ParsedModelResult {
+	const context = buildPreferenceContext(availableModels, preferences);
+	const direct = parseModelPatternWithContext(pattern, availableModels, context, options);
+	if (direct.model) return direct;
+
+	// No direct match: a trailing `@upstream` may be a provider-routing selector.
+	// Only honor it when the base resolves to an aggregator model (OpenRouter /
+	// Vercel Gateway); otherwise `@` stays part of the id and `direct` stands.
+	const routing = splitUpstreamRouting(pattern);
+	if (routing) {
+		const routed = parseModelPatternWithContext(routing.base, availableModels, context, options);
+		if (routed.model && supportsUpstreamRouting(routed.model)) {
+			return { ...routed, model: applyUpstreamRouting(routed.model, routing.upstream), upstream: routing.upstream };
+		}
+	}
+	return direct;
+}
+
+const PREFIX_MODEL_ROLE = "pi/";
+const DEFAULT_MODEL_ROLE = "default";
+
+function getModelRoleAlias(value: string): ModelRole | undefined {
+	const normalized = value.trim();
+	if (!normalized.startsWith(PREFIX_MODEL_ROLE)) return undefined;
+
+	const candidate = normalized.slice(PREFIX_MODEL_ROLE.length);
+	for (const role of MODEL_ROLE_IDS) {
+		if (candidate === role) return role;
+	}
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+function normalizeModelPatternList(value: string | string[] | undefined): string[] {
+	if (!value) return [];
+	const patterns = Array.isArray(value) ? value : value.split(",");
+	return patterns.map(pattern => pattern.trim()).filter(Boolean);
+}
+
+function isSessionInheritedAgentPattern(value: string): boolean {
+	return value === DEFAULT_MODEL_ROLE || value === `${PREFIX_MODEL_ROLE}${DEFAULT_MODEL_ROLE}` || value === "pi/task";
+}
+
+function resolveConfiguredRolePattern(value: string, settings?: Settings): string[] | undefined {
+	const normalized = value.trim();
+	if (!normalized) return undefined;
+
+	const { base: aliasCandidate, level: thinkingLevel } = splitThinkingSuffix(normalized, PREFIX_MODEL_ROLE.length);
+	const role = getModelRoleAlias(aliasCandidate);
+	if (!role) return [normalized];
+
+	const configured = settings?.getModelRole(role)?.trim();
+	const roleDefaults = normalizeModelPatternList(MODEL_PRIO[role as keyof typeof MODEL_PRIO]);
+	const resolved = configured ? normalizeModelPatternList(configured) : roleDefaults;
+	if (!resolved || resolved.length === 0) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	return thinkingLevel ? resolved.map(pattern => `${pattern}:${thinkingLevel}`) : resolved;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Expand a role alias like "pi/smol" to the configured model string.
+ */
+export function expandRoleAlias(value: string, settings?: Settings): string {
+	const normalized = value.trim();
+	if (normalized === DEFAULT_MODEL_ROLE) {
+		return settings?.getModelRole("default") ?? value;
+	}
+
+	const resolved = resolveConfiguredRolePattern(value, settings)?.[0];
+	return resolved ?? value;
+}
+
+export function resolveConfiguredModelPatterns(value: string | string[] | undefined, settings?: Settings): string[] {
+	const patterns = normalizeModelPatternList(value);
+	return patterns.flatMap(pattern => {
+		const resolved = resolveConfiguredRolePattern(pattern, settings);
+		return resolved ?? [];
+	});
+}
+export interface AgentModelPatternResolutionOptions {
+	settingsOverride?: string | string[];
+	agentModel?: string | string[];
+	settings?: Settings;
+	activeModelPattern?: string;
+	fallbackModelPattern?: string;
+}
+
+export function resolveAgentModelPatterns(options: AgentModelPatternResolutionOptions): string[] {
+	const { settingsOverride, agentModel, settings, activeModelPattern, fallbackModelPattern } = options;
+
+	const overridePatterns = resolveConfiguredModelPatterns(settingsOverride, settings);
+	if (overridePatterns.length > 0) return overridePatterns;
+
+	const normalizedAgentPatterns = normalizeModelPatternList(agentModel);
+	const configuredAgentPatterns = resolveConfiguredModelPatterns(agentModel, settings);
+	const singleAgentPattern = normalizedAgentPatterns.length === 1 ? normalizedAgentPatterns[0] : undefined;
+	const agentInheritsSessionModel = singleAgentPattern ? isSessionInheritedAgentPattern(singleAgentPattern) : false;
+	if (configuredAgentPatterns.length > 0) {
+		if (!agentInheritsSessionModel) return configuredAgentPatterns;
+		if (singleAgentPattern === "pi/task") return configuredAgentPatterns;
+	}
+
+	const fallback =
+		activeModelPattern?.trim() || fallbackModelPattern?.trim() || settings?.getModelRole("default")?.trim() || "";
+	return resolveConfiguredModelPatterns(fallback, settings);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a model role value into a concrete model and thinking metadata.
+ */
+export interface ResolvedModelRoleValue {
+	model: Model<Api> | undefined;
+	thinkingLevel?: ThinkingLevel;
+	explicitThinkingLevel: boolean;
+	warning: string | undefined;
+}
+
+export function resolveModelRoleValue(
+	roleValue: string | undefined,
+	availableModels: Model<Api>[],
+	options?: { settings?: Settings; matchPreferences?: ModelMatchPreferences; modelRegistry?: CanonicalModelRegistry },
+): ResolvedModelRoleValue {
+	if (!roleValue) {
+		return { model: undefined, thinkingLevel: undefined, explicitThinkingLevel: false, warning: undefined };
+	}
+
+	const normalized = roleValue.trim();
+	if (!normalized || normalized === DEFAULT_MODEL_ROLE) {
+		return { model: undefined, thinkingLevel: undefined, explicitThinkingLevel: false, warning: undefined };
+	}
+
+	const effectivePatterns = resolveConfiguredModelPatterns(normalized, options?.settings);
+	if (!effectivePatterns || effectivePatterns.length === 0) {
+		return { model: undefined, thinkingLevel: undefined, explicitThinkingLevel: false, warning: undefined };
+	}
+
+	let warning: string | undefined;
+	const matchPreferences = mergeModelMatchPreferences(options?.settings, options?.matchPreferences);
+	for (const effectivePattern of effectivePatterns) {
+		const resolved = parseModelPattern(effectivePattern, availableModels, matchPreferences, {
+			modelRegistry: options?.modelRegistry,
+		});
+		if (resolved.model) {
+			return {
+				model: resolved.model,
+				thinkingLevel: resolved.explicitThinkingLevel
+					? (resolveThinkingLevelForModel(resolved.model, resolved.thinkingLevel) ?? resolved.thinkingLevel)
+					: resolved.thinkingLevel,
+				explicitThinkingLevel: resolved.explicitThinkingLevel,
+				warning: resolved.warning,
+			};
+		}
+		if (!warning && resolved.warning) {
+			warning = resolved.warning;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return { model: undefined, thinkingLevel: undefined, explicitThinkingLevel: false, warning };
+}
+
+export function extractExplicitThinkingSelector(
+	value: string | undefined,
+	settings?: Settings,
+): ThinkingLevel | undefined {
+	if (!value) return undefined;
+	const normalized = value.trim();
+	if (!normalized || normalized === DEFAULT_MODEL_ROLE) return undefined;
+
+	const visited = new Set<string>();
+	let current = normalized;
+	while (!visited.has(current)) {
+		visited.add(current);
+		const thinkingSelector = splitThinkingSuffix(current, PREFIX_MODEL_ROLE.length).level;
+		if (thinkingSelector) {
+			return thinkingSelector;
+		}
+		const expanded = expandRoleAlias(current, settings).trim();
+		if (!expanded || expanded === current) break;
+		if (expanded === DEFAULT_MODEL_ROLE) return undefined;
+		current = expanded;
+	}
+
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a model identifier or pattern to a Model instance.
+ */
+export function resolveModelFromString(
+	value: string,
+	available: Model<Api>[],
+	matchPreferences?: ModelMatchPreferences,
+	modelRegistry?: CanonicalModelRegistry,
+): Model<Api> | undefined {
+	const parsed = parseModelString(value);
+	if (parsed) {
+		const exact = available.find(model => model.provider === parsed.provider && model.id === parsed.id);
+		if (exact) return exact;
+	}
+	return parseModelPattern(value, available, matchPreferences, { modelRegistry }).model;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a model from configured roles, honoring order and overrides.
+ */
+export function resolveModelFromSettings(options: {
+	settings: Settings;
+	availableModels: Model<Api>[];
+	matchPreferences?: ModelMatchPreferences;
+	roleOrder?: readonly ModelRole[];
+	modelRegistry?: CanonicalModelRegistry;
+}): Model<Api> | undefined {
+	const { settings, availableModels, matchPreferences, roleOrder, modelRegistry } = options;
+	const roles = roleOrder ?? MODEL_ROLE_IDS;
+	let sawConfiguredProviderQualifiedRole = false;
+	for (const role of roles) {
+		const configured = settings.getModelRole(role);
+		if (!configured) continue;
+		const expanded = expandRoleAlias(configured, settings).trim();
+		if (expanded.includes("/")) {
+			sawConfiguredProviderQualifiedRole = true;
+		}
+		const resolved = resolveModelFromString(expanded, availableModels, matchPreferences, modelRegistry);
+		if (resolved) return resolved;
+	}
+	return sawConfiguredProviderQualifiedRole ? undefined : availableModels[0];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a list of override patterns to the first matching model.
+ */
+export function resolveModelOverride(
+	modelPatterns: string[],
+	modelRegistry: ModelLookupRegistry,
+	settings?: Settings,
+): { model?: Model<Api>; thinkingLevel?: ThinkingLevel; explicitThinkingLevel: boolean } {
+	if (modelPatterns.length === 0) return { explicitThinkingLevel: false };
+	const availableModels = modelRegistry.getAvailable();
+	const matchPreferences = getModelMatchPreferences(settings);
+	for (const pattern of modelPatterns) {
+		const { model, thinkingLevel, explicitThinkingLevel } = resolveModelRoleValue(pattern, availableModels, {
+			settings,
+			matchPreferences,
+			modelRegistry,
+		});
+		if (model) {
+			return { model, thinkingLevel, explicitThinkingLevel };
+		}
+	}
+	return { explicitThinkingLevel: false };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a list of override patterns to the first matching model, with an
+ * auth-aware fallback to the parent session's active model.
+ *
+ * If the resolved subagent model has no working credentials (provider has no
+ * usable auth), and the parent's active model resolves with working auth,
+ * use the parent's model instead. This prevents subagent dispatch from
+ * silently routing to a provider the user can't actually call (e.g.
+ * `modelRoles.task` pointing at an unqualified id whose only available
+ * provider variant has no configured credentials — see #985).
+ *
+ * Keyless-by-design providers (llama.cpp, ollama, lm-studio) advertise the
+ * `kNoAuth` sentinel from `getApiKey` to signal that they do not require
+ * credentials. Those are treated as authenticated here so an explicitly
+ * configured local model is never silently rerouted to the parent's remote
+ * provider (see #1008).
+ *
+ * If neither the subagent nor the parent has working auth, returns the
+ * primary resolution unchanged so the existing error path still surfaces
+ * a meaningful failure downstream.
+ */
+export async function resolveModelOverrideWithAuthFallback(
+	modelPatterns: string[],
+	parentActiveModelPattern: string | undefined,
+	modelRegistry: ModelLookupRegistry & Pick<ModelRegistry, "getApiKey">,
+	settings?: Settings,
+): Promise<{
+	model?: Model<Api>;
+	thinkingLevel?: ThinkingLevel;
+	explicitThinkingLevel: boolean;
+	authFallbackUsed: boolean;
+}> {
+	const primary = resolveModelOverride(modelPatterns, modelRegistry, settings);
+	if (!primary.model || !parentActiveModelPattern) {
+		return { ...primary, authFallbackUsed: false };
+	}
+
+	const primaryKey = await modelRegistry.getApiKey(primary.model);
+	if (primaryKey === kNoAuth || isAuthenticated(primaryKey)) {
+		return { ...primary, authFallbackUsed: false };
+	}
+
+	const fallback = resolveModelOverride([parentActiveModelPattern], modelRegistry, settings);
+	if (!fallback.model) {
+		return { ...primary, authFallbackUsed: false };
+	}
+	if (modelsAreEqual(fallback.model, primary.model)) {
+		return { ...primary, authFallbackUsed: false };
+	}
+	const fallbackKey = await modelRegistry.getApiKey(fallback.model);
+	if (!isAuthenticated(fallbackKey)) {
+		return { ...primary, authFallbackUsed: false };
+	}
+
+	return { ...fallback, authFallbackUsed: true };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a list of role patterns to the first matching model.
+ */
+export function resolveRoleSelection(
+	roles: readonly string[],
+	settings: Settings,
+	availableModels: Model<Api>[],
+	modelRegistry?: CanonicalModelRegistry,
+): { model: Model<Api>; thinkingLevel?: ThinkingLevel } | undefined {
+	const matchPreferences = getModelMatchPreferences(settings);
+	for (const role of roles) {
+		const resolved = resolveModelRoleValue(settings.getModelRole(role), availableModels, {
+			settings,
+			matchPreferences,
+			modelRegistry,
+		});
+		if (resolved.model) {
+			return { model: resolved.model, thinkingLevel: resolved.thinkingLevel };
+		}
+	}
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+function resolveExactCanonicalScopePattern(
+	pattern: string,
+	modelRegistry: Pick<ModelRegistry, "getCanonicalVariants">,
+	availableModels: Model<Api>[],
+): { models: Model<Api>[]; thinkingLevel?: ThinkingLevel; explicitThinkingLevel: boolean } | undefined {
+	const { base: canonicalId, level: thinkingLevel } = splitThinkingSuffix(pattern);
+	const explicitThinkingLevel = thinkingLevel !== undefined;
+
+	const variants = modelRegistry
+		.getCanonicalVariants(canonicalId, { availableOnly: true, candidates: availableModels })
+		.map(variant => variant.model);
+	if (variants.length === 0) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	return { models: variants, thinkingLevel, explicitThinkingLevel };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve model patterns to actual Model objects with optional thinking levels
+ * Format: "pattern:level" where :level is optional
+ * For each pattern, finds all matching models and picks the best version:
+ * 1. Prefer alias (e.g., claude-sonnet-4-5) over dated versions (claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929)
+ * 2. If no alias, pick the latest dated version
+ *
+ * Supports models with colons in their IDs (e.g., OpenRouter's model:exacto).
+ * The algorithm tries to match the full pattern first, then progressively
+ * strips colon-suffixes to find a match.
+ */
+export async function resolveModelScope(
+	patterns: string[],
+	modelRegistry: Pick<ModelRegistry, "getAvailable" | "getCanonicalVariants">,
+	preferences?: ModelMatchPreferences,
+): Promise<ScopedModel[]> {
+	const availableModels = modelRegistry.getAvailable();
+	const context = buildPreferenceContext(availableModels, preferences);
+	const scopedModels: ScopedModel[] = [];
+	const addScopedModel = (model: Model<Api>, thinkingLevel: ThinkingLevel | undefined, explicit: boolean) => {
+		if (scopedModels.some(sm => modelsAreEqual(sm.model, model))) return;
+		scopedModels.push({
+			model,
+			thinkingLevel: explicit
+				? (resolveThinkingLevelForModel(model, thinkingLevel) ?? thinkingLevel)
+				: thinkingLevel,
+			explicitThinkingLevel: explicit,
+		});
+	};
+
+	for (const pattern of patterns) {
+		// Check if pattern contains glob characters
+		if (pattern.includes("*") || pattern.includes("?") || pattern.includes("[")) {
+			// Extract optional thinking level suffix (e.g., "provider/*:high")
+			const { base: globPattern, level: thinkingLevel } = splitThinkingSuffix(pattern);
+			const explicitThinkingLevel = thinkingLevel !== undefined;
+
+			// Match against "provider/modelId" format OR just model ID
+			// This allows "*sonnet*" to match without requiring "anthropic/*sonnet*"
+			const matchingModels = availableModels.filter(m => {
+				const fullId = `${m.provider}/${m.id}`;
+				const glob = new Bun.Glob(globPattern.toLowerCase());
+				return glob.match(fullId.toLowerCase()) || glob.match(m.id.toLowerCase());
+			});
+
+			if (matchingModels.length === 0) {
+				logger.warn(`No models match pattern "${pattern}"`);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			for (const model of matchingModels) {
+				addScopedModel(model, thinkingLevel, explicitThinkingLevel);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const exactCanonical = resolveExactCanonicalScopePattern(pattern, modelRegistry, availableModels);
+		if (exactCanonical) {
+			for (const model of exactCanonical.models) {
+				addScopedModel(model, exactCanonical.thinkingLevel, exactCanonical.explicitThinkingLevel);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const { model, thinkingLevel, warning, explicitThinkingLevel } = parseModelPatternWithContext(
+			pattern,
+			availableModels,
+			context,
+			{ modelRegistry },
+		);
+
+		if (warning) {
+			logger.warn(warning);
+		}
+
+		if (!model) {
+			logger.warn(`No models match pattern "${pattern}"`);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		addScopedModel(model, thinkingLevel, explicitThinkingLevel);
+	}
+
+	return scopedModels;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the set of models a session is allowed to use, given the active
+ * settings. Starts from `modelRegistry.getAvailable()` (so disabled providers
+ * and providers without credentials are already filtered out) and, when
+ * `enabledModels` is configured for the current path scope, further restricts
+ * the result to models matching those patterns.
+ *
+ * Returns the unfiltered available list when `enabledModels` is empty.
+ * Returns an empty list when `enabledModels` is configured but no available
+ * model matches any pattern — callers MUST treat this as "no usable model"
+ * rather than falling back to the global default (see issue #1022).
+ */
+export async function resolveAllowedModels(
+	modelRegistry: Pick<ModelRegistry, "getAvailable" | "getCanonicalVariants">,
+	settings: Settings | undefined,
+	preferences?: ModelMatchPreferences,
+): Promise<Model<Api>[]> {
+	const available = modelRegistry.getAvailable();
+	const patterns = settings?.get("enabledModels");
+	if (!patterns || patterns.length === 0) {
+		return available;
+	}
+	const scoped = await resolveModelScope(patterns, modelRegistry, preferences);
+	if (scoped.length === 0) {
+		return [];
+	}
+	const allowed = new Set(scoped.map(entry => `${entry.model.provider}/${entry.model.id}`));
+	return available.filter(model => allowed.has(`${model.provider}/${model.id}`));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Synchronous subset of {@link resolveAllowedModels} for contexts where async is unavailable
+ * (e.g. `getAvailableModels()` which is called from the ACP model-list advertisement, RPC
+ * `get_available_models`, and the `/model` slash command). Uses the same effective
+ * `enabledModels` scope semantics as startup resolution:
+ *
+ * - Glob selectors match `provider/modelId` and bare model id
+ * - Exact canonical ids expand to all available concrete variants
+ * - Exact `provider/modelId`, bare ids, provider-scoped fuzzy, and substring selectors
+ *   resolve through the shared model-pattern matcher
+ * - Optional `:thinkingLevel` suffixes are stripped only when valid
+ *
+ * When no pattern resolves to any model (misconfiguration / typo) an empty list is returned,
+ * consistent with the empty-list contract of {@link resolveAllowedModels}. Callers that render
+ * a UI picker should treat an empty list as "hide the picker entry", matching how the SDK
+ * surfaces the same misconfiguration during session initialization.
+ */
+export function filterAvailableModelsByEnabledPatterns(
+	available: Model<Api>[],
+	patterns: readonly string[],
+	registry: Pick<ModelRegistry, "getCanonicalVariants">,
+): Model<Api>[] {
+	if (patterns.length === 0) return available;
+
+	const context = buildPreferenceContext(available, undefined);
+	const allowed = new Set<string>();
+	const addAllowed = (model: Model<Api>) => {
+		allowed.add(`${model.provider}/${model.id}`);
+	};
+
+	for (const pattern of patterns) {
+		if (pattern.includes("*") || pattern.includes("?") || pattern.includes("[")) {
+			const { base: globPattern } = splitThinkingSuffix(pattern);
+			const glob = new Bun.Glob(globPattern.toLowerCase());
+			for (const model of available) {
+				const fullId = `${model.provider}/${model.id}`.toLowerCase();
+				if (glob.match(fullId) || glob.match(model.id.toLowerCase())) {
+					addAllowed(model);
+				}
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const exactCanonical = resolveExactCanonicalScopePattern(pattern, registry, available);
+		if (exactCanonical) {
+			for (const model of exactCanonical.models) {
+				addAllowed(model);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const { model } = parseModelPatternWithContext(pattern, available, context, { modelRegistry: registry });
+		if (model) {
+			addAllowed(model);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return allowed.size === 0 ? [] : available.filter(model => allowed.has(`${model.provider}/${model.id}`));
+}
+
+export interface ResolveCliModelResult {
+	model: Model<Api> | undefined;
+	selector?: string;
+	thinkingLevel?: ThinkingLevel;
+	warning: string | undefined;
+	error: string | undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a single model from CLI flags.
+ */
+export function resolveCliModel(options: {
+	cliProvider?: string;
+	cliModel?: string;
+	modelRegistry: CliModelRegistry;
+	preferences?: ModelMatchPreferences;
+}): ResolveCliModelResult {
+	const { cliProvider, cliModel, modelRegistry, preferences } = options;
+
+	if (!cliModel) {
+		return { model: undefined, selector: undefined, warning: undefined, error: undefined };
+	}
+
+	const availableModels = modelRegistry.getAll();
+	if (availableModels.length === 0) {
+		return {
+			model: undefined,
+			selector: undefined,
+			warning: undefined,
+			error: "No models available. Check your installation or add models to models.json.",
+		};
+	}
+
+	const providerMap = new Map<string, string>();
+	for (const model of availableModels) {
+		providerMap.set(model.provider.toLowerCase(), model.provider);
+	}
+
+	let provider = cliProvider ? providerMap.get(cliProvider.toLowerCase()) : undefined;
+	if (cliProvider && !provider) {
+		return {
+			model: undefined,
+			selector: undefined,
+			warning: undefined,
+			error: `Unknown provider "${cliProvider}". Use --list-models to see available providers/models.`,
+		};
+	}
+
+	const trimmedModel = cliModel.trim();
+	if (!provider) {
+		const lower = trimmedModel.toLowerCase();
+		// When input has provider/id format (e.g. "zai/glm-5"), prefer decomposed
+		// provider+id match over flat id match. Without this, a model with id
+		// "zai/glm-5" on provider "vercel-ai-gateway" wins over provider "zai"
+		// with id "glm-5", because Array.find returns the first catalog hit.
+		let exact = findExactModelReferenceMatch(trimmedModel, availableModels);
+		if (!exact && !trimmedModel.includes(":")) {
+			// CLI flags address the full catalog, so unlike the engine's canonical
+			// step this lookup is unrestricted; the `:`-guard defers suffixed
+			// selectors (thinking levels, ollama-style ids) to the grammar below.
+			const canonicalMatch = modelRegistry.resolveCanonicalModel?.(trimmedModel, { availableOnly: false });
+			if (canonicalMatch) {
+				return {
+					model: canonicalMatch,
+					selector: modelRegistry.getCanonicalId?.(canonicalMatch) ?? trimmedModel,
+					warning: undefined,
+					thinkingLevel: undefined,
+					error: undefined,
+				};
+			}
+		}
+		if (!exact) {
+			// Flat exact id (or full selector) by catalog order: CLI resolution
+			// stays deterministic across runs regardless of usage-based ranking.
+			exact = availableModels.find(
+				model => model.id.toLowerCase() === lower || `${model.provider}/${model.id}`.toLowerCase() === lower,
+			);
+		}
+		if (exact) {
+			return {
+				model: exact,
+				selector: formatModelString(exact),
+				warning: undefined,
+				thinkingLevel: undefined,
+				error: undefined,
+			};
+		}
+	}
+
+	let pattern = trimmedModel;
+
+	if (!provider) {
+		const slashIndex = cliModel.indexOf("/");
+		if (slashIndex !== -1) {
+			const maybeProvider = cliModel.substring(0, slashIndex);
+			const canonical = providerMap.get(maybeProvider.toLowerCase());
+			if (canonical) {
+				provider = canonical;
+				pattern = cliModel.substring(slashIndex + 1);
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		const prefix = `${provider}/`;
+		if (cliModel.toLowerCase().startsWith(prefix.toLowerCase())) {
+			pattern = cliModel.substring(prefix.length);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (provider) {
+		const exactProviderMatch = resolveProviderModelReference(provider, pattern, availableModels);
+		if (exactProviderMatch) {
+			return {
+				model: exactProviderMatch,
+				selector: formatModelString(exactProviderMatch),
+				warning: undefined,
+				thinkingLevel: undefined,
+				error: undefined,
+			};
+		}
+	}
+
+	const candidates = provider ? availableModels.filter(model => model.provider === provider) : availableModels;
+	const { model, thinkingLevel, warning, upstream } = parseModelPattern(pattern, candidates, preferences, {
+		allowInvalidThinkingSelectorFallback: false,
+		modelRegistry,
+	});
+
+	if (!model) {
+		const display = provider ? `${provider}/${pattern}` : cliModel;
+		return {
+			model: undefined,
+			selector: undefined,
+			thinkingLevel: undefined,
+			warning,
+			error: `Model "${display}" not found. Use --list-models to see available models.`,
+		};
+	}
+
+	let selector = provider ? formatModelString(model) : undefined;
+	if (!provider) {
+		const canonicalCandidate = splitThinkingSuffix(pattern).base;
+		if (!canonicalCandidate.includes("/")) {
+			const canonicalResolved = modelRegistry.resolveCanonicalModel?.(canonicalCandidate, { availableOnly: false });
+			if (canonicalResolved && canonicalResolved.provider === model.provider && canonicalResolved.id === model.id) {
+				selector = modelRegistry.getCanonicalId?.(canonicalResolved) ?? canonicalCandidate;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (selector !== undefined && upstream) {
+		selector = `${selector}@${upstream}`;
+	}
+
+	return {
+		model,
+		selector,
+		thinkingLevel,
+		warning,
+		error: undefined,
+	};
+}
+
+export interface InitialModelResult {
+	model: Model<Api> | undefined;
+	thinkingLevel?: ThinkingLevel;
+	fallbackMessage: string | undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find the initial model to use based on priority:
+ * 1. CLI args (provider + model)
+ * 2. First model from scoped models (if not continuing/resuming)
+ * 3. Restored from session (if continuing/resuming)
+ * 4. Saved default from settings
+ * 5. First available model with valid API key
+ */
+export async function findInitialModel(options: {
+	cliProvider?: string;
+	cliModel?: string;
+	scopedModels: ScopedModel[];
+	isContinuing: boolean;
+	defaultProvider?: string;
+	defaultModelId?: string;
+	defaultThinkingSelector?: Effort;
+	modelRegistry: InitialModelRegistry;
+}): Promise<InitialModelResult> {
+	const {
+		cliProvider,
+		cliModel,
+		scopedModels,
+		isContinuing,
+		defaultProvider,
+		defaultModelId,
+		defaultThinkingSelector,
+		modelRegistry,
+	} = options;
+
+	let model: Model<Api> | undefined;
+	let thinkingLevel: Effort | undefined;
+
+	// 1. CLI args take priority
+	if (cliProvider && cliModel) {
+		const found = modelRegistry.find(cliProvider, cliModel);
+		if (!found) {
+			console.error(chalk.red(`Model ${cliProvider}/${cliModel} not found`));
+			process.exit(1);
+		}
+		return { model: found, thinkingLevel: undefined, fallbackMessage: undefined };
+	}
+
+	// 2. Use first model from scoped models (skip if continuing/resuming)
+	if (scopedModels.length > 0 && !isContinuing) {
+		const scoped = scopedModels[0];
+		const scopedThinkingSelector =
+			scoped.thinkingLevel === ThinkingLevel.Inherit
+				? defaultThinkingSelector
+				: (scoped.thinkingLevel ?? defaultThinkingSelector);
+		return {
+			model: scoped.model,
+			thinkingLevel:
+				scopedThinkingSelector === ThinkingLevel.Off
+					? ThinkingLevel.Off
+					: clampThinkingLevelForModel(scoped.model, scopedThinkingSelector),
+			fallbackMessage: undefined,
+		};
+	}
+
+	// 3. Try saved default from settings
+	if (defaultProvider && defaultModelId) {
+		const found = modelRegistry.find(defaultProvider, defaultModelId);
+		if (found) {
+			model = found;
+			thinkingLevel = clampThinkingLevelForModel(found, defaultThinkingSelector);
+			return { model, thinkingLevel, fallbackMessage: undefined };
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 4. Try first available model with valid API key
+	const availableModels = modelRegistry.getAvailable();
+
+	const fallback = pickDefaultAvailableModel(availableModels);
+	if (fallback) {
+		return { model: fallback, thinkingLevel: undefined, fallbackMessage: undefined };
+	}
+
+	// 5. No model found
+	return { model: undefined, thinkingLevel: undefined, fallbackMessage: undefined };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Restore model from session, with fallback to available models
+ */
+export async function restoreModelFromSession(
+	savedProvider: string,
+	savedModelId: string,
+	currentModel: Model<Api> | undefined,
+	shouldPrintMessages: boolean,
+	modelRegistry: RestorableModelRegistry,
+): Promise<{ model: Model<Api> | undefined; fallbackMessage: string | undefined }> {
+	const restoredModel = modelRegistry.find(savedProvider, savedModelId);
+
+	// Check if restored model exists and has a valid API key
+	const hasApiKey = restoredModel ? !!(await modelRegistry.getApiKey(restoredModel)) : false;
+
+	if (restoredModel && hasApiKey) {
+		if (shouldPrintMessages) {
+			console.log(chalk.dim(`Restored model: ${savedProvider}/${savedModelId}`));
+		}
+		return { model: restoredModel, fallbackMessage: undefined };
+	}
+
+	// Model not found or no API key - fall back
+	const reason = !restoredModel ? "model no longer exists" : "no API key available";
+
+	if (shouldPrintMessages) {
+		console.error(chalk.yellow(`Warning: Could not restore model ${savedProvider}/${savedModelId} (${reason}).`));
+	}
+
+	// If we already have a model, use it as fallback
+	if (currentModel) {
+		if (shouldPrintMessages) {
+			console.log(chalk.dim(`Falling back to: ${currentModel.provider}/${currentModel.id}`));
+		}
+		return {
+			model: currentModel,
+			fallbackMessage: `Could not restore model ${savedProvider}/${savedModelId} (${reason}). Using ${currentModel.provider}/${currentModel.id}.`,
+		};
+	}
+
+	// Try to find any available model
+	const availableModels = modelRegistry.getAvailable();
+
+	const fallbackModel = pickDefaultAvailableModel(availableModels);
+	if (fallbackModel) {
+		if (shouldPrintMessages) {
+			console.log(chalk.dim(`Falling back to: ${fallbackModel.provider}/${fallbackModel.id}`));
+		}
+
+		return {
+			model: fallbackModel,
+			fallbackMessage: `Could not restore model ${savedProvider}/${savedModelId} (${reason}). Using ${fallbackModel.provider}/${fallbackModel.id}.`,
+		};
+	}
+
+	// No models available
+	return { model: undefined, fallbackMessage: undefined };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find a smol/fast model using the priority chain.
+ * Tries exact matches first, then fuzzy matches.
+ *
+ * @param modelRegistry The model registry to search
+ * @param savedModel Optional saved model string from settings (provider/modelId)
+ * @returns The best available smol model, or undefined if none found
+ */
+export async function findSmolModel(
+	modelRegistry: ModelLookupRegistry,
+	savedModel?: string,
+): Promise<Model<Api> | undefined> {
+	const availableModels = modelRegistry.getAvailable();
+	if (availableModels.length === 0) return undefined;
+
+	// 1. Try saved model from settings
+	if (savedModel) {
+		const match = resolveModelFromString(savedModel, availableModels, undefined, modelRegistry);
+		if (match) return match;
+	}
+
+	// 2. Try priority chain
+	for (const pattern of MODEL_PRIO.smol) {
+		// Try exact match with provider prefix
+		const providerMatch = availableModels.find(m => `${m.provider}/${m.id}`.toLowerCase() === pattern);
+		if (providerMatch) return providerMatch;
+
+		// Try exact match first
+		const exactMatch = parseModelPattern(pattern, availableModels, undefined, { modelRegistry }).model;
+		if (exactMatch) return exactMatch;
+
+		// Try fuzzy match (substring)
+		const fuzzyMatch = availableModels.find(m => m.id.toLowerCase().includes(pattern));
+		if (fuzzyMatch) return fuzzyMatch;
+	}
+
+	// 3. Fallback to first available (same as default)
+	return availableModels[0];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find a slow/comprehensive model using the priority chain.
+ * Prioritizes reasoning and codex models for thorough analysis.
+ *
+ * @param modelRegistry The model registry to search
+ * @param savedModel Optional saved model string from settings (provider/modelId)
+ * @returns The best available slow model, or undefined if none found
+ */
+export async function findSlowModel(
+	modelRegistry: ModelLookupRegistry,
+	savedModel?: string,
+): Promise<Model<Api> | undefined> {
+	const availableModels = modelRegistry.getAvailable();
+	if (availableModels.length === 0) return undefined;
+
+	// 1. Try saved model from settings
+	if (savedModel) {
+		const match = resolveModelFromString(savedModel, availableModels, undefined, modelRegistry);
+		if (match) return match;
+	}
+
+	// 2. Try priority chain
+	for (const pattern of MODEL_PRIO.slow) {
+		// Try exact match first
+		const exactMatch = parseModelPattern(pattern, availableModels, undefined, { modelRegistry }).model;
+		if (exactMatch) return exactMatch;
+
+		// Try fuzzy match (substring)
+		const fuzzyMatch = availableModels.find(m => m.id.toLowerCase().includes(pattern.toLowerCase()));
+		if (fuzzyMatch) return fuzzyMatch;
+	}
+
+	// 3. Fallback to first available (same as default)
+	return availableModels[0];
+}