@vutex/vutex 0.0.14 → 0.0.16

package/src/packages/manager.ts

@@ -1,18 +1,143 @@
-import { mkdir, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
-import { join } from "node:path";
+import { createHash, randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import { mkdir, readFile, readdir, rename, stat, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { dirname, isAbsolute, join, relative, resolve } from "node:path";
 
 import TOML from "@iarna/toml";
 
-import type { PackageDoctorReport, PackageInstallOptions, PackageRecord } from "../types.js";
+import type {
+    ActivatedPackage,
+    PackageCheck,
+    PackageDoctorReport,
+    PackageInstallOptions,
+    PackageRecord,
+    VuTeXDiagnostic,
+} from "../types.js";
+import { lookupBuiltin } from "./builtin.js";
 import { readLockfile, writeLockfile, type LockedPackage } from "./lockfile.js";
-import { readManifest } from "./manifest.js";
+import { inferSlot, isPackageSlot, readManifest, type VuTeXManifest } from "./manifest.js";
+import {
+    downloadRegistryFile,
+    fetchRegistryMetadata,
+    nodeTransport,
+    parseRegistrySpec,
+    satisfiesRange,
+    selectVersion,
+    type RegistryFile,
+    type RegistryMetadata,
+    type RegistryTransport,
+    type RegistryVersion,
+} from "./registry.js";
 
-function hashPlaceholder(name: string, version: string): string {
-    return `sha256:scaffold:${name}@${version}`;
+export type ResolvedPackage = Omit<LockedPackage, "contentHash"> & {
+    /** Files a registry version downloads, absent for builtin and path sources. */
+    registryFiles?: RegistryFile[];
+    /** Metadata URL that named the selected version. */
+    metadataUrl?: string;
+};
+
+export type PackageManagerOptions = {
+    /** Network client, injectable so tests never reach a real registry. */
+    transport?: RegistryTransport;
+    /** Registry base URL that wins over `VUTEX_REGISTRY`. */
+    registry?: string;
+    /** Environment to read `VUTEX_REGISTRY` from. */
+    environment?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv;
+};
+
+export class PackageResolveError extends Error {
+    constructor(readonly diagnostics: VuTeXDiagnostic[]) {
+        super(diagnostics.map((item) => `${item.code}: ${item.message}`).join(" | "));
+        this.name = "PackageResolveError";
+    }
+}
+
+function packageDiagnostic(code: string, message: string, args?: Record<string, unknown>): VuTeXDiagnostic {
+    return { code, severity: "error", message, stage: "package", args };
+}
+
+function canonicalRecord(entry: Omit<LockedPackage, "contentHash">): string {
+    return [
+        entry.slot,
+        entry.name,
+        entry.version,
+        entry.source,
+        [...entry.dependencies].sort().join(","),
+    ].join("\u0000");
+}
+
+/** SHA-256 of the canonical package record, not of the resource bytes. */
+export function contentDigest(entry: Omit<LockedPackage, "contentHash">): string {
+    return `sha256:${createHash("sha256").update(canonicalRecord(entry)).digest("hex")}`;
+}
+
+function isPathSource(value: string): boolean {
+    return (
+        value.startsWith("file:") ||
+        value.startsWith("./") ||
+        value.startsWith("../") ||
+        value.startsWith("/") ||
+        value.startsWith("\\") ||
+        /^[A-Za-z]:[\\/]/u.test(value)
+    );
+}
+
+function bareName(value: string): string {
+    return value.startsWith("@vutex/") ? value.slice("@vutex/".length) : value;
+}
+
+async function hashTree(root: string): Promise<{ artifactHash: string; files: number }> {
+    const entries: string[] = [];
+    async function walk(dir: string, prefix: string): Promise<void> {
+        for (const item of await readdir(dir, { withFileTypes: true })) {
+            const name = prefix.length > 0 ? `${prefix}/${item.name}` : item.name;
+            if (item.isSymbolicLink()) {
+                throw new Error(`symbolic links are not supported in resource packages: ${name}`);
+            }
+            if (item.isDirectory()) {
+                await walk(join(dir, item.name), name);
+            } else if (item.isFile()) {
+                const digest = createHash("sha256")
+                    .update(await readFile(join(dir, item.name)))
+                    .digest("hex");
+                entries.push(`${name}\u0000${digest}`);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    await walk(root, "");
+    const lines = entries.sort((left, right) => left.localeCompare(right, "en")).join("\n");
+    return {
+        artifactHash: `sha256:${createHash("sha256").update(lines).digest("hex")}`,
+        files: entries.length,
+    };
+}
+
+function failedCheck(id: string, code: string, message: string): PackageCheck {
+    return { id, ok: false, code, message };
+}
+
+function passedCheck(id: string, message: string): PackageCheck {
+    return { id, ok: true, message };
 }
 
 export class PackageManager {
-    constructor(private readonly projectRoot: string) {}
+    constructor(
+        private readonly projectRoot: string,
+        private readonly options: PackageManagerOptions = {},
+    ) {}
+
+    /** Registry base URL: option, then manifest `[registry] url`, then env. */
+    private async registryBase(): Promise<string | undefined> {
+        const manifest = await readManifest(this.projectRoot);
+        const environment = this.options.environment ?? process.env;
+        const candidate = this.options.registry ?? manifest?.registry?.url ?? environment.VUTEX_REGISTRY;
+        return typeof candidate === "string" && candidate.trim().length > 0 ? candidate.trim() : undefined;
+    }
+
+    /** Content addressed cache path for one downloaded registry package. */
+    private registryCachePath(slot: string, name: string, artifactHash: string): string {
+        const digest = artifactHash.startsWith("sha256:") ? artifactHash.slice("sha256:".length) : artifactHash;
+        return join(this.projectRoot, ".vutex", "packages", slot, encodeURIComponent(name), digest);
+    }
 
     async list(): Promise<PackageRecord[]> {
         const lock = await readLockfile(this.projectRoot);
@@ -21,29 +146,39 @@ export class PackageManager {
             if (!manifest?.packages) {
                 return [];
             }
-            return Object.entries(manifest.packages).map(([alias, version]) => ({
-                name: alias,
-                version,
-                source: "manifest",
-            }));
+            return Object.entries(manifest.packages)
+                .sort(([left], [right]) => left.localeCompare(right, "en"))
+                .map(([slot, name]) => ({ slot, name, version: "unresolved", source: "manifest" }));
         }
-        return lock.packages.map((item) => ({
-            name: item.name,
-            version: item.version,
-            source: item.source,
-        }));
+        return [...lock.packages]
+            .sort((left, right) =>
+                left.slot === right.slot
+                    ? left.name.localeCompare(right.name, "en")
+                    : left.slot.localeCompare(right.slot, "en"),
+            )
+            .map((item) => ({
+                slot: item.slot,
+                name: item.name,
+                version: item.version,
+                source: item.source,
+                artifactHash: item.artifactHash,
+            }));
     }
 
     async add(name: string, options: PackageInstallOptions = {}): Promise<void> {
+        const slot = options.slot ?? inferSlot(name);
+        if (slot === null || !isPackageSlot(slot)) {
+            throw new PackageResolveError([
+                packageDiagnostic(
+                    "VUTEX_PACKAGE_SLOT_REQUIRED",
+                    `cannot infer a slot for ${name}, pass --slot <slot>`,
+                ),
+            ]);
+        }
         const manifest = (await readManifest(this.projectRoot)) ?? {};
         const packages = { ...(manifest.packages ?? {}) };
-        const alias = name.includes("/") ? name.split("/").pop() ?? name : name;
-        packages[alias] = options.version ?? "latest";
-        const next = {
-            ...manifest,
-            packages,
-        };
-        await writeFile(join(this.projectRoot, "vutex.toml"), `${TOML.stringify(next)}\n`, "utf8");
+        packages[slot] = name;
+        await this.writeManifest({ ...manifest, packages });
     }
 
     async remove(name: string): Promise<void> {
@@ -52,68 +187,994 @@ export class PackageManager {
             return;
         }
         const packages = { ...manifest.packages };
-        delete packages[name];
-        const next = { ...manifest, packages };
-        await writeFile(join(this.projectRoot, "vutex.toml"), `${TOML.stringify(next)}\n`, "utf8");
+        const bare = bareName(name);
+        let removed = false;
+        if (name in packages) {
+            delete packages[name];
+            removed = true;
+        }
+        for (const [slot, value] of Object.entries(packages)) {
+            if (bareName(value) === bare) {
+                delete packages[slot];
+                removed = true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (removed) {
+            await this.writeManifest({ ...manifest, packages });
+        }
     }
 
     async install(options: PackageInstallOptions = {}): Promise<void> {
-        const manifest = await readManifest(this.projectRoot);
-        const cacheDir = join(this.projectRoot, ".vutex", "packages");
-        await mkdir(cacheDir, { recursive: true });
+        await this.resolveAndInstall(options, "install");
+    }
+
+    private async resolveAndInstall(
+        options: PackageInstallOptions,
+        mode: "install" | "update",
+    ): Promise<void> {
+        const declared = await this.declaredPackages(options);
+        const plan = await this.resolvePlan(declared, mode);
+        const errors = plan.diagnostics.filter((item) => item.severity === "error");
+        if (errors.length > 0) {
+            throw new PackageResolveError(errors);
+        }
 
+        await mkdir(join(this.projectRoot, ".vutex", "packages"), { recursive: true });
+        const failures: VuTeXDiagnostic[] = [];
         const entries: LockedPackage[] = [];
-        const sourcePackages = manifest?.packages ?? {};
-        if (options.name) {
-            sourcePackages[options.name] = options.version ?? "latest";
+        for (const item of plan.packages) {
+            let artifactHash = item.artifactHash;
+            if (item.source.startsWith("registry+")) {
+                // A package already present in the content addressed cache is
+                // not downloaded again, so an install stays offline once the
+                // lock has been satisfied.
+                if (await this.cachedRegistryArtifact(item)) {
+                    artifactHash = item.artifactHash;
+                } else {
+                    let downloadable = item;
+                    if (item.registryFiles === undefined) {
+                        const hydrated = await this.hydratePinnedPackage(item);
+                        if (hydrated.diagnostic) {
+                            failures.push(hydrated.diagnostic);
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        downloadable = hydrated.package as ResolvedPackage;
+                    }
+                    const downloaded = await this.downloadRegistryPackage(downloadable);
+                    if (downloaded.diagnostic) {
+                        failures.push(downloaded.diagnostic);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    artifactHash = downloaded.artifactHash;
+                }
+            }
+            const entry: Omit<LockedPackage, "contentHash"> = {
+                slot: item.slot,
+                name: item.name,
+                version: item.version,
+                source: item.source,
+                artifactHash,
+                dependencies: item.dependencies,
+            };
+            entries.push({ ...entry, contentHash: contentDigest(entry) });
+        }
+        if (failures.length > 0) {
+            throw new PackageResolveError(failures);
         }
+        await writeLockfile(this.projectRoot, { version: 1, packages: entries });
+    }
 
-        for (const [alias, version] of Object.entries(sourcePackages)) {
-            entries.push({
-                name: alias,
-                version,
-                source: `@vutex/${alias}`,
-                contentHash: hashPlaceholder(alias, version),
-                dependencies: [],
-            });
+    /** Whether the content addressed cache already holds this exact artifact. */
+    private async cachedRegistryArtifact(item: ResolvedPackage): Promise<boolean> {
+        if (item.artifactHash === undefined) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const cache = this.registryCachePath(item.slot, item.name, item.artifactHash);
+        try {
+            const tree = await hashTree(cache);
+            return tree.artifactHash === item.artifactHash;
+        } catch {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A locked registry package whose cache went missing still knows its exact
+     * version. Fetch that version's metadata so the files can be downloaded
+     * without letting a newer version replace the pin.
+     */
+    private async hydratePinnedPackage(
+        item: ResolvedPackage,
+    ): Promise<{ package?: ResolvedPackage; diagnostic?: VuTeXDiagnostic }> {
+        const base = await this.registryBase();
+        if (base === undefined) {
+            return {
+                diagnostic: packageDiagnostic(
+                    "VUTEX_PACKAGE_REGISTRY_UNCONFIGURED",
+                    `no registry is configured to restore ${item.slot} ${item.name}`,
+                    { slot: item.slot, name: item.name },
+                ),
+            };
+        }
+        const fetched = await fetchRegistryMetadata(this.options.transport ?? nodeTransport, base, item.slot, item.name);
+        if (fetched.diagnostic || fetched.metadata === undefined) {
+            return { diagnostic: fetched.diagnostic };
+        }
+        const version = fetched.metadata.versions.find((entry) => entry.version === item.version);
+        if (version === undefined) {
+            return {
+                diagnostic: packageDiagnostic(
+                    "VUTEX_PACKAGE_VERSION_NO_MATCH",
+                    `${item.slot} ${item.name}@${item.version} is locked but no longer published`,
+                    { slot: item.slot, name: item.name, version: item.version },
+                ),
+            };
+        }
+        return {
+            package: this.registryPackage(item.slot, item.name, version, base, fetched.metadataUrl),
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Download one registry version into a staging tree and move it into the
+     * content addressed cache.
+     *
+     * The cache is never mutated in place: a staged tree either matches the
+     * address already present or lands under a fresh one, so a failed download
+     * cannot poison a later activation.
+     */
+    private async downloadRegistryPackage(
+        item: ResolvedPackage,
+    ): Promise<{ artifactHash?: string; diagnostic?: VuTeXDiagnostic }> {
+        const files = item.registryFiles ?? [];
+        if (files.length === 0) {
+            return { artifactHash: item.artifactHash };
+        }
+        const staging = join(this.projectRoot, ".vutex", "staging", randomUUID());
+        await mkdir(staging, { recursive: true });
+        const transport = this.options.transport ?? nodeTransport;
+
+        for (const file of files) {
+            const target = resolve(staging, file.path);
+            const relativePath = relative(staging, target);
+            if (relativePath.length === 0 || relativePath.startsWith("..") || isAbsolute(relativePath)) {
+                return {
+                    diagnostic: packageDiagnostic(
+                        "VUTEX_PACKAGE_METADATA_INVALID",
+                        `package file escapes its root: ${file.path}`,
+                        { path: file.path },
+                    ),
+                };
+            }
+            let url: string;
+            try {
+                url = new URL(file.url, item.metadataUrl).toString();
+            } catch {
+                return {
+                    diagnostic: packageDiagnostic(
+                        "VUTEX_PACKAGE_METADATA_INVALID",
+                        `package file url is invalid: ${file.url}`,
+                        { path: file.path, url: file.url },
+                    ),
+                };
+            }
+            const downloaded = await downloadRegistryFile(transport, url, file.path);
+            if (downloaded.diagnostic || downloaded.bytes === undefined) {
+                return { diagnostic: downloaded.diagnostic };
+            }
+            const bytes = downloaded.bytes;
+            if (file.sha256 !== undefined) {
+                const expected = file.sha256.startsWith("sha256:") ? file.sha256.slice("sha256:".length) : file.sha256;
+                const actual = createHash("sha256").update(bytes).digest("hex");
+                if (actual !== expected.toLowerCase()) {
+                    return {
+                        diagnostic: packageDiagnostic(
+                            "VUTEX_PACKAGE_FILE_HASH_MISMATCH",
+                            `downloaded ${file.path} does not match its sha256`,
+                            { path: file.path, url, expected, actual },
+                        ),
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+            await mkdir(dirname(target), { recursive: true });
+            await writeFile(target, bytes);
         }
 
-        await writeLockfile(this.projectRoot, {
-            version: 1,
-            packages: entries,
-        });
+        const tree = await hashTree(staging);
+        const computed = tree.files > 0 ? tree.artifactHash : undefined;
+        if (item.artifactHash !== undefined && computed !== item.artifactHash) {
+            return {
+                diagnostic: packageDiagnostic(
+                    "VUTEX_PACKAGE_ARTIFACT_MISMATCH",
+                    `${item.slot} ${item.name} tree does not match the registry artifact hash`,
+                    { slot: item.slot, expected: item.artifactHash, actual: computed },
+                ),
+            };
+        }
+        const artifactHash = computed ?? item.artifactHash;
+        if (artifactHash === undefined || computed === undefined) {
+            return { artifactHash };
+        }
+        const cache = this.registryCachePath(item.slot, item.name, artifactHash);
+        try {
+            const existing = await hashTree(cache);
+            if (existing.artifactHash === artifactHash) {
+                return { artifactHash };
+            }
+        } catch {
+            // The cache is absent, so the staged tree can take the address.
+        }
+        await mkdir(dirname(cache), { recursive: true });
+        try {
+            await rename(staging, cache);
+        } catch (error) {
+            return {
+                diagnostic: packageDiagnostic(
+                    "VUTEX_PACKAGE_CACHE_CORRUPT",
+                    `${item.slot} cache is occupied by a different tree: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+                    { slot: item.slot, cache },
+                ),
+            };
+        }
+        return { artifactHash };
     }
 
     async update(): Promise<void> {
-        await this.install();
+        await this.resolveAndInstall({}, "update");
     }
 
     async doctor(): Promise<PackageDoctorReport> {
-        const checks: PackageDoctorReport["checks"] = [];
+        const checks: PackageCheck[] = [];
+        const manifest = await readManifest(this.projectRoot);
+        const lock = await readLockfile(this.projectRoot);
+
+        checks.push(
+            manifest
+                ? passedCheck("manifest", "vutex.toml present")
+                : failedCheck("manifest", "VUTEX_MANIFEST_MISSING", "vutex.toml is missing"),
+        );
+
+        const declared = manifest?.packages ?? {};
+        const declaredSlots = Object.keys(declared).sort((left, right) => left.localeCompare(right, "en"));
+        // Doctor resolves as if updating, so the drift check still sees what
+        // the declared ranges would pick today.
+        const plan = await this.resolvePlan(declared, "update");
+
+        const unknownSlots = plan.diagnostics.filter((item) => item.code === "VUTEX_PACKAGE_SLOT_UNKNOWN");
+        checks.push(
+            unknownSlots.length === 0
+                ? passedCheck("slots", "every package slot is known")
+                : failedCheck("slots", "VUTEX_PACKAGE_SLOT_UNKNOWN", unknownSlots.map((item) => item.message).join(" | ")),
+        );
+
+        const sourceIssues = plan.diagnostics.filter(
+            (item) =>
+                item.severity === "error" &&
+                item.code !== "VUTEX_PACKAGE_SLOT_UNKNOWN" &&
+                item.code !== "VUTEX_PACKAGE_FONT_MISSING",
+        );
+        checks.push(
+            sourceIssues.length === 0
+                ? passedCheck("sources", "every package source resolves")
+                : failedCheck("sources", sourceIssues[0].code ?? "VUTEX_PACKAGE_NOT_FOUND", sourceIssues.map((item) => item.message).join(" | ")),
+        );
+
+        const fontIssues = plan.diagnostics.filter((item) => item.code === "VUTEX_PACKAGE_FONT_MISSING");
+        checks.push(
+            fontIssues.length === 0
+                ? passedCheck("fonts", "every declared font resolves")
+                : failedCheck("fonts", "VUTEX_PACKAGE_FONT_MISSING", fontIssues.map((item) => item.message).join(" | ")),
+        );
+
+        if (declaredSlots.length === 0) {
+            checks.push(passedCheck("lockfile", "no resource packages declared"));
+        } else if (!lock) {
+            checks.push(failedCheck("lockfile", "VUTEX_LOCK_MISSING", "vutex.lock is missing"));
+        } else {
+            checks.push(passedCheck("lockfile", `vutex.lock tracks ${lock.packages.length} package(s)`));
+        }
+
+        if (declaredSlots.length > 0 && lock) {
+            checks.push(...this.checkActivation(declared, plan.packages, lock.packages));
+            checks.push(...this.checkIntegrity(lock.packages));
+            checks.push(...this.checkArtifacts(plan.packages, lock.packages));
+            checks.push(...(await this.checkCache(lock.packages)));
+        }
+        checks.push(...this.checkProfile(manifest?.profile?.name, declared));
+
+        return { ok: checks.every((check) => check.ok), checks };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolve the packages activated for a render.
+     *
+     * Error diagnostics mean the render must not silently proceed with a
+     * missing, stale, or corrupted resource.
+     */
+    async activation(): Promise<{ packages: ActivatedPackage[]; diagnostics: VuTeXDiagnostic[] }> {
         const manifest = await readManifest(this.projectRoot);
+        const declared = manifest?.packages ?? {};
+        const declaredSlots = Object.keys(declared).sort((left, right) => left.localeCompare(right, "en"));
+        if (declaredSlots.length === 0) {
+            return { packages: [], diagnostics: [] };
+        }
+
+        const plan = await this.resolvePlan(declared, "activate");
+        const diagnostics: VuTeXDiagnostic[] = [...plan.diagnostics];
         const lock = await readLockfile(this.projectRoot);
+        if (!lock) {
+            diagnostics.push(
+                packageDiagnostic("VUTEX_PACKAGE_UNACTIVATED", "vutex.lock is missing, run `vutex package install`"),
+            );
+            return { packages: [], diagnostics };
+        }
+
+        const lockedBySlot = new Map(lock.packages.map((item) => [item.slot, item]));
+        const packages: ActivatedPackage[] = [];
+        for (const slot of declaredSlots) {
+            const resolved = plan.packages.find((item) => item.slot === slot);
+            const locked = lockedBySlot.get(slot);
+            if (!locked) {
+                diagnostics.push(
+                    packageDiagnostic("VUTEX_PACKAGE_UNACTIVATED", `${slot} is declared but not locked`),
+                );
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (resolved && locked.name !== resolved.name) {
+                diagnostics.push(
+                    packageDiagnostic(
+                        "VUTEX_PACKAGE_UNACTIVATED",
+                        `${slot} is locked to ${locked.name} but the manifest declares ${resolved.name}`,
+                    ),
+                );
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (resolved && locked.version !== resolved.version) {
+                diagnostics.push(
+                    packageDiagnostic(
+                        "VUTEX_PACKAGE_VERSION_DRIFT",
+                        `${slot} is locked at ${locked.version} but resolves to ${resolved.version}`,
+                    ),
+                );
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (resolved && locked.artifactHash !== resolved.artifactHash) {
+                diagnostics.push(
+                    packageDiagnostic(
+                        "VUTEX_PACKAGE_ARTIFACT_MISMATCH",
+                        `${slot} artifact hash does not match ${locked.name}`,
+                    ),
+                );
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (contentDigest(locked) !== locked.contentHash) {
+                diagnostics.push(
+                    packageDiagnostic(
+                        "VUTEX_PACKAGE_HASH_MISMATCH",
+                        `${slot} content hash does not match its record`,
+                    ),
+                );
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Registry packages are activated from the content addressed cache.
+            // A render never reaches the network and never trusts the lock alone.
+            if (locked.source.startsWith("registry+") && locked.artifactHash !== undefined) {
+                const cache = this.registryCachePath(slot, locked.name, locked.artifactHash);
+                let tree;
+                try {
+                    tree = await hashTree(cache);
+                } catch {
+                    diagnostics.push(
+                        packageDiagnostic(
+                            "VUTEX_PACKAGE_ARTIFACT_MISSING",
+                            `${slot} is locked but not downloaded, run \`vutex package install\``,
+                            { slot, name: locked.name, version: locked.version },
+                        ),
+                    );
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (tree.artifactHash !== locked.artifactHash) {
+                    diagnostics.push(
+                        packageDiagnostic(
+                            "VUTEX_PACKAGE_ARTIFACT_MISMATCH",
+                            `${slot} cache does not match ${locked.name}`,
+                            { slot, expected: locked.artifactHash, actual: tree.artifactHash },
+                        ),
+                    );
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+            const directory =
+                locked.source === "path"
+                    ? resolve(this.projectRoot, locked.name)
+                    : locked.source.startsWith("registry+") && locked.artifactHash !== undefined
+                        ? this.registryCachePath(slot, locked.name, locked.artifactHash)
+                        : undefined;
+            packages.push({
+                slot,
+                name: locked.name,
+                version: locked.version,
+                source: locked.source,
+                artifactHash: locked.artifactHash,
+                path: directory,
+            });
+            diagnostics.push({
+                code: "VUTEX_PACKAGE_ACTIVATED",
+                severity: "info",
+                message: `${slot} activates ${locked.name}`,
+                stage: "package",
+                args: { slot, name: locked.name, version: locked.version, source: locked.source },
+            });
+        }
+        return { packages, diagnostics };
+    }
 
-        checks.push({
-            id: "manifest",
-            ok: manifest !== null,
-            message: manifest ? "vutex.toml present" : "vutex.toml missing (optional for scaffold)",
-        });
-
-        if (manifest?.packages && Object.keys(manifest.packages).length > 0) {
-            checks.push({
-                id: "lockfile",
-                ok: lock !== null && lock.packages.length > 0,
-                message: lock ? `vutex.lock tracks ${lock.packages.length} package(s)` : "vutex.lock missing",
+    private async declaredPackages(options: PackageInstallOptions): Promise<Record<string, string>> {
+        const manifest = await readManifest(this.projectRoot);
+        const declared: Record<string, string> = { ...(manifest?.packages ?? {}) };
+        if (options.name) {
+            const slot = options.slot ?? inferSlot(options.name);
+            if (slot === null || !isPackageSlot(slot)) {
+                throw new PackageResolveError([
+                    packageDiagnostic(
+                        "VUTEX_PACKAGE_SLOT_REQUIRED",
+                        `cannot infer a slot for ${options.name}, pass --slot <slot>`,
+                    ),
+                ]);
+            }
+            declared[slot] = options.name;
+        }
+        return declared;
+    }
+
+    private async resolvePlan(
+        declared: Record<string, string>,
+        mode: "install" | "update" | "activate" = "install",
+    ): Promise<{ packages: ResolvedPackage[]; diagnostics: VuTeXDiagnostic[] }> {
+        const diagnostics: VuTeXDiagnostic[] = [];
+        const packages = new Map<string, ResolvedPackage>();
+        const rangesBySlot = new Map<string, string[]>();
+        const metadataByKey = new Map<string, RegistryMetadata>();
+        const metadataUrls = new Map<string, string | undefined>();
+        const expanded = new Set<string>();
+        const pinnedSlots = new Set<string>();
+        const registryBase = await this.registryBase();
+        const transport = this.options.transport ?? nodeTransport;
+
+        // `install` reproduces the lockfile, so an unchanged declaration never
+        // silently upgrades to a newer registry version. `update` ignores the
+        // pins and resolves the declared ranges again.
+        const pins = new Map<string, LockedPackage>();
+        if (mode === "install") {
+            const lock = await readLockfile(this.projectRoot);
+            for (const item of lock?.packages ?? []) {
+                pins.set(item.slot, item);
+            }
+        }
+
+        type Requirement = { slot: string; name: string; range: string; from?: string; registry?: boolean };
+        const queue: Requirement[] = [];
+        for (const slot of Object.keys(declared).sort((left, right) => left.localeCompare(right, "en"))) {
+            const value = declared[slot];
+            if (isPathSource(value)) {
+                queue.push({ slot, name: value, range: "*" });
+            } else {
+                const spec = parseRegistrySpec(value);
+                // An explicit range asks the registry even when the id also
+                // names a built-in preset, so versioned packages stay usable.
+                queue.push({ slot, name: spec.name, range: spec.range, registry: spec.range !== "*" });
+            }
+        }
+
+        const keyOf = (slot: string, name: string): string => `${slot}\u0000${name}`;
+        const expand = (slot: string, name: string, version: RegistryVersion): void => {
+            const key = `${keyOf(slot, name)}\u0000${version.version}`;
+            if (expanded.has(key)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            expanded.add(key);
+            for (const dependency of version.dependencies) {
+                queue.push({
+                    slot: dependency.slot,
+                    name: dependency.name,
+                    range: dependency.range ?? "*",
+                    from: `${slot}:${name}@${version.version}`,
+                });
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reuse the version the lockfile already pinned, as long as it still
+         * satisfies the requirement. Reused versions keep their recorded
+         * dependencies, so a plain install touches neither metadata nor files.
+         */
+        const tryPin = (requirement: Requirement): boolean => {
+            if (mode !== "install") {
+                return false;
+            }
+            const pin = pins.get(requirement.slot);
+            if (pin === undefined || pin.name !== requirement.name) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (!pin.source.startsWith("registry+")) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            // A bare id prefers the built-in preset when one exists.
+            if (
+                requirement.registry !== true &&
+                isPackageSlot(pin.slot) &&
+                lookupBuiltin(pin.name, pin.slot) !== undefined
+            ) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (!satisfiesRange(pin.version, requirement.range)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            const existing = packages.get(requirement.slot);
+            if (existing !== undefined) {
+                return existing.name === pin.name && existing.version === pin.version;
+            }
+            packages.set(requirement.slot, {
+                slot: pin.slot,
+                name: pin.name,
+                version: pin.version,
+                source: pin.source,
+                artifactHash: pin.artifactHash,
+                dependencies: [...pin.dependencies],
             });
+            pinnedSlots.add(requirement.slot);
+            return true;
+        };
+
+        while (queue.length > 0) {
+            const requirement = queue.shift() as Requirement;
+            const { slot, name } = requirement;
+            const range = requirement.range.length > 0 ? requirement.range : "*";
+            if (!isPackageSlot(slot)) {
+                diagnostics.push(
+                    packageDiagnostic("VUTEX_PACKAGE_SLOT_UNKNOWN", `unknown package slot: ${slot}`, { slot }),
+                );
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const existing = packages.get(slot);
+            if (existing) {
+                if (existing.name !== name) {
+                    diagnostics.push(
+                        packageDiagnostic(
+                            "VUTEX_PACKAGE_DEPENDENCY_CONFLICT",
+                            `${slot} is required as both ${existing.name} and ${name}${requirement.from ? ` by ${requirement.from}` : ""}`,
+                            { slot, names: [existing.name, name], from: requirement.from },
+                        ),
+                    );
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (existing.source === "builtin" || existing.source === "path") {
+                    if (range !== "*") {
+                        diagnostics.push(
+                            packageDiagnostic(
+                                "VUTEX_PACKAGE_VERSION_NO_MATCH",
+                                `${existing.name} is a ${existing.source} package and takes no version range`,
+                                { slot, name, range },
+                            ),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // A second requirement can rule out the locked version. Drop
+                // the pin and resolve the registry with both ranges instead.
+                if (pinnedSlots.has(slot) && !satisfiesRange(existing.version, range)) {
+                    packages.delete(slot);
+                    pinnedSlots.delete(slot);
+                    queue.unshift(requirement);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                const ranges = rangesBySlot.get(slot) ?? [];
+                if (!ranges.includes(range)) {
+                    ranges.push(range);
+                }
+                rangesBySlot.set(slot, ranges);
+                const found = metadataByKey.get(keyOf(slot, name));
+                if (!found) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                const selected = selectVersion(found, ranges);
+                if (selected.diagnostic) {
+                    diagnostics.push(selected.diagnostic);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                const version = selected.version as RegistryVersion;
+                if (version.version !== existing.version) {
+                    packages.set(
+                        slot,
+                        this.registryPackage(slot, name, version, registryBase, metadataUrls.get(keyOf(slot, name))),
+                    );
+                    expand(slot, name, version);
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (isPathSource(name)) {
+                const resolved = await this.resolvePath(slot, name);
+                if (resolved.diagnostic) {
+                    diagnostics.push(resolved.diagnostic);
+                } else if (resolved.package) {
+                    packages.set(slot, resolved.package);
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (tryPin(requirement)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const builtin = requirement.registry === true ? undefined : lookupBuiltin(name, slot);
+            if (builtin) {
+                if (range !== "*") {
+                    diagnostics.push(
+                        packageDiagnostic(
+                            "VUTEX_PACKAGE_VERSION_NO_MATCH",
+                            `${name} is a built-in ${slot} package and takes no version range`,
+                            { slot, name, range },
+                        ),
+                    );
+                    continue;
+                }
+                packages.set(slot, {
+                    slot,
+                    name: builtin.id,
+                    version: builtin.version,
+                    source: "builtin",
+                    artifactHash: builtin.artifactHash,
+                    dependencies: [],
+                });
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Registry packages activate from the lockfile and the content
+            // addressed cache, so a render never depends on the network.
+            if (mode === "activate") {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (registryBase === undefined) {
+                const scoped = name.startsWith("@");
+                diagnostics.push(
+                    scoped
+                        ? packageDiagnostic(
+                            "VUTEX_PACKAGE_REGISTRY_UNCONFIGURED",
+                            `no registry is configured for ${name}, set [registry] url or VUTEX_REGISTRY`,
+                            { slot, name },
+                        )
+                        : packageDiagnostic(
+                            slot === "font" || slot === "math-font" ? "VUTEX_PACKAGE_FONT_MISSING" : "VUTEX_PACKAGE_NOT_FOUND",
+                            `no built-in ${slot} package named ${name}`,
+                            { slot, name },
+                        ),
+                );
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const key = keyOf(slot, name);
+            let found = metadataByKey.get(key);
+            if (!found) {
+                const fetched = await fetchRegistryMetadata(transport, registryBase, slot, name);
+                if (fetched.diagnostic) {
+                    diagnostics.push(fetched.diagnostic);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                found = fetched.metadata as RegistryMetadata;
+                metadataByKey.set(key, found);
+                metadataUrls.set(key, fetched.metadataUrl);
+            }
+            const ranges = rangesBySlot.get(slot) ?? [];
+            if (!ranges.includes(range)) {
+                ranges.push(range);
+            }
+            rangesBySlot.set(slot, ranges);
+            const selected = selectVersion(found, ranges);
+            if (selected.diagnostic) {
+                diagnostics.push(selected.diagnostic);
+                continue;
+            }
+            const version = selected.version as RegistryVersion;
+            packages.set(slot, this.registryPackage(slot, name, version, registryBase, metadataUrls.get(key)));
+            expand(slot, name, version);
+        }
+
+        // Dependency references name the versions the plan actually chose. Reused
+        // lock entries keep their recorded references untouched.
+        for (const item of packages.values()) {
+            if (!item.source.startsWith("registry+") || pinnedSlots.has(item.slot)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const found = metadataByKey.get(keyOf(item.slot, item.name));
+            const version = found?.versions.find((entry) => entry.version === item.version);
+            item.dependencies = (version?.dependencies ?? [])
+                .map((dependency) => packages.get(dependency.slot))
+                .filter((dependency): dependency is ResolvedPackage => dependency !== undefined)
+                .map((dependency) => `${dependency.slot}:${dependency.name}@${dependency.version}`)
+                .sort((left, right) => left.localeCompare(right, "en"));
+        }
+
+        // A reused lock entry brings its dependency references along, so their
+        // targets must enter the plan even when nothing declares them.
+        const pending = [...pinnedSlots];
+        while (pending.length > 0) {
+            const slot = pending.pop() as string;
+            const item = packages.get(slot);
+            if (item === undefined) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (const reference of item.dependencies) {
+                const separator = reference.indexOf(":");
+                const at = reference.lastIndexOf("@");
+                if (separator <= 0 || at <= separator) {
+                    diagnostics.push(
+                        packageDiagnostic(
+                            "VUTEX_PACKAGE_LOCK_INCOMPLETE",
+                            `${slot} locks an unreadable dependency reference: ${reference}`,
+                            { slot, reference },
+                        ),
+                    );
+                    continue;
+                }
+                const refSlot = reference.slice(0, separator);
+                const refName = reference.slice(separator + 1, at);
+                const refVersion = reference.slice(at + 1);
+                const target = packages.get(refSlot);
+                if (target !== undefined) {
+                    if (target.name !== refName || target.version !== refVersion) {
+                        diagnostics.push(
+                            packageDiagnostic(
+                                "VUTEX_PACKAGE_DEPENDENCY_CONFLICT",
+                                `${refSlot} is locked as ${refName}@${refVersion} but the plan resolved ${target.name}@${target.version}`,
+                                { slot: refSlot, expected: `${refName}@${refVersion}`, actual: `${target.name}@${target.version}` },
+                            ),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                const pin = pins.get(refSlot);
+                if (pin === undefined || pin.name !== refName || pin.version !== refVersion) {
+                    diagnostics.push(
+                        packageDiagnostic(
+                            "VUTEX_PACKAGE_LOCK_INCOMPLETE",
+                            `${slot} depends on ${reference} which the lockfile does not contain`,
+                            { slot, reference },
+                        ),
+                    );
+                    continue;
+                }
+                packages.set(refSlot, {
+                    slot: pin.slot,
+                    name: pin.name,
+                    version: pin.version,
+                    source: pin.source,
+                    artifactHash: pin.artifactHash,
+                    dependencies: [...pin.dependencies],
+                });
+                if (pin.source.startsWith("registry+")) {
+                    pinnedSlots.add(refSlot);
+                    pending.push(refSlot);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return { packages: [...packages.values()], diagnostics };
+    }
+
+    private registryPackage(
+        slot: string,
+        name: string,
+        version: RegistryVersion,
+        registryBase: string | undefined,
+        metadataUrl: string | undefined,
+    ): ResolvedPackage {
+        return {
+            slot,
+            name,
+            version: version.version,
+            source: registryBase === undefined ? "registry" : `registry+${registryBase}`,
+            artifactHash: version.artifactHash,
+            dependencies: [],
+            registryFiles: version.files,
+            metadataUrl,
+        };
+    }
+
+    private async resolvePath(
+        slot: string,
+        value: string,
+    ): Promise<{ package?: ResolvedPackage; diagnostic?: VuTeXDiagnostic }> {
+        const raw = value.startsWith("file:") ? value.slice("file:".length) : value;
+        const absolute = resolve(this.projectRoot, raw);
+        try {
+            const info = await stat(absolute);
+            if (!info.isDirectory()) {
+                return {
+                    diagnostic: packageDiagnostic(
+                        "VUTEX_PACKAGE_PATH_MISSING",
+                        `${slot} path is not a directory: ${value}`,
+                        { slot, path: absolute },
+                    ),
+                };
+            }
+            const tree = await hashTree(absolute);
+            if (tree.files === 0) {
+                return {
+                    diagnostic: packageDiagnostic(
+                        "VUTEX_PACKAGE_PATH_EMPTY",
+                        `${slot} path contains no files: ${value}`,
+                        { slot, path: absolute },
+                    ),
+                };
+            }
+            const name = relative(this.projectRoot, absolute).replace(/\\/gu, "/");
+            return {
+                package: {
+                    slot,
+                    name: name.length > 0 ? name : absolute,
+                    version: "local",
+                    source: "path",
+                    artifactHash: tree.artifactHash,
+                    dependencies: [],
+                },
+            };
+        } catch (error) {
+            return {
+                diagnostic: packageDiagnostic(
+                    "VUTEX_PACKAGE_PATH_MISSING",
+                    `${slot} path cannot be read: ${value}`,
+                    { slot, path: absolute, cause: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) },
+                ),
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    private checkActivation(
+        declared: Record<string, string>,
+        resolved: ResolvedPackage[],
+        locked: LockedPackage[],
+    ): PackageCheck[] {
+        const lockedBySlot = new Map(locked.map((item) => [item.slot, item]));
+        const resolvedBySlot = new Map(resolved.map((item) => [item.slot, item]));
+        // A locked slot that no declaration names is only stale when nothing
+        // depends on it. Dependency-only slots stay locked without activating:
+        // activation is driven by what the document declares.
+        const dependencySlots = new Set<string>();
+        for (const item of locked) {
+            for (const dependency of item.dependencies) {
+                const separator = dependency.indexOf(":");
+                if (separator > 0) {
+                    dependencySlots.add(dependency.slice(0, separator));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        const missing = Object.keys(declared).filter((slot) => !lockedBySlot.has(slot));
+        const stale = locked
+            .filter((item) => !(item.slot in declared) && !dependencySlots.has(item.slot))
+            .map((item) => item.slot);
+        const drifted = Object.keys(declared)
+            .filter((slot) => lockedBySlot.has(slot))
+            .filter((slot) => {
+                const lockedItem = lockedBySlot.get(slot);
+                const resolvedItem = resolvedBySlot.get(slot);
+                return lockedItem && resolvedItem && lockedItem.version !== resolvedItem.version;
+            });
+
+        const checks: PackageCheck[] = [];
+        if (missing.length === 0 && stale.length === 0) {
+            checks.push(passedCheck("activation", "every declared slot is locked and active"));
         } else {
-            checks.push({
-                id: "lockfile",
-                ok: true,
-                message: "no resource packages declared",
+            const parts: string[] = [];
+            if (missing.length > 0) {
+                parts.push(`unactivated: ${missing.join(", ")}`);
+            }
+            if (stale.length > 0) {
+                parts.push(`stale: ${stale.join(", ")}`);
+            }
+            checks.push(failedCheck("activation", "VUTEX_PACKAGE_UNACTIVATED", parts.join(" but ")));
+        }
+
+        checks.push(
+            drifted.length === 0
+                ? passedCheck("version", "locked versions match resolved packages")
+                : failedCheck(
+                    "version",
+                    "VUTEX_PACKAGE_VERSION_DRIFT",
+                    `manifest and lock disagree for: ${drifted.join(", ")}`,
+                ),
+        );
+        return checks;
+    }
+
+    private checkIntegrity(locked: LockedPackage[]): PackageCheck[] {
+        const broken = locked.filter((item) => contentDigest(item) !== item.contentHash);
+        return broken.length === 0
+            ? [passedCheck("integrity", "lockfile record digests match their records")]
+            : [
+                failedCheck(
+                    "integrity",
+                    "VUTEX_PACKAGE_HASH_MISMATCH",
+                    `record digest mismatch for: ${broken.map((item) => item.slot).join(", ")}`,
+                ),
+            ];
+    }
+
+    private checkArtifacts(resolved: ResolvedPackage[], locked: LockedPackage[]): PackageCheck[] {
+        const resolvedBySlot = new Map(resolved.map((item) => [item.slot, item]));
+        const broken = locked
+            .filter((item) => resolvedBySlot.has(item.slot))
+            .filter((item) => {
+                const source = resolvedBySlot.get(item.slot) as ResolvedPackage;
+                // A registry metadata document may omit the tree hash. The lock
+                // keeps the hash `install` computed, so there is nothing to compare.
+                if (source.source.startsWith("registry+") && source.artifactHash === undefined) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return source.artifactHash !== item.artifactHash;
             });
+        return broken.length === 0
+            ? [passedCheck("artifacts", "resource artifact hashes match their sources")]
+            : [
+                failedCheck(
+                    "artifacts",
+                    "VUTEX_PACKAGE_ARTIFACT_MISMATCH",
+                    `artifact hash mismatch for: ${broken.map((item) => item.slot).join(", ")}`,
+                ),
+            ];
+    }
+
+    private async checkCache(locked: LockedPackage[]): Promise<PackageCheck[]> {
+        const registry = locked.filter((item) => item.source.startsWith("registry+") && item.artifactHash !== undefined);
+        if (registry.length === 0) {
+            return [];
+        }
+        const broken: string[] = [];
+        for (const item of registry) {
+            const cache = this.registryCachePath(item.slot, item.name, item.artifactHash as string);
+            try {
+                const tree = await hashTree(cache);
+                if (tree.artifactHash !== item.artifactHash) {
+                    broken.push(item.slot);
+                }
+            } catch {
+                broken.push(item.slot);
+            }
         }
+        return broken.length === 0
+            ? [passedCheck("cache", `${registry.length} registry package(s) cached and intact`)]
+            : [
+                failedCheck(
+                    "cache",
+                    "VUTEX_PACKAGE_ARTIFACT_MISSING",
+                    `not cached or corrupt: ${broken.join(", ")}`,
+                ),
+            ];
+    }
+
+    private checkProfile(
+        profileName: string | undefined,
+        declared: Record<string, string>,
+    ): PackageCheck[] {
+        const packageProfile = declared.profile;
+        if (packageProfile === undefined || profileName === undefined) {
+            return [passedCheck("profile", "no profile conflict")];
+        }
+        if (packageProfile === profileName) {
+            return [passedCheck("profile", `profile matches the active profile ${profileName}`)];
+        }
+        return [
+            failedCheck(
+                "profile",
+                "VUTEX_PACKAGE_PROFILE_CONFLICT",
+                `profile package ${packageProfile} conflicts with profile ${profileName}`,
+            ),
+        ];
+    }
 
-        const ok = checks.every((check) => check.ok);
-        return { ok, checks };
+    private async writeManifest(manifest: VuTeXManifest): Promise<void> {
+        await writeFile(join(this.projectRoot, "vutex.toml"), `${TOML.stringify(manifest)}\n`, "utf8");
     }
 }