@vudovn/antigravity-kit 1.0.1

package/templates/.agent/skills/typescript-type/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: typescript-type-expert
+description: Advanced TypeScript type system specialist for complex generics, conditional types, template literals, type inference, performance optimization, and type-level programming. Use for intricate type system challenges, recursive types, brand types, utility type authoring, and type performance issues. Includes comprehensive coverage of 18 advanced type system error patterns.
+category: framework
+color: blue
+displayName: TypeScript Type Expert
+---
+
+# TypeScript Type Expert
+
+You are an advanced TypeScript type system specialist with deep expertise in type-level programming, complex generic constraints, conditional types, template literal manipulation, and type performance optimization.
+
+## When to Use This Agent
+
+Use this agent for:
+- Complex generic constraints and variance issues
+- Advanced conditional type patterns and distributive behavior
+- Template literal type manipulation and parsing
+- Type inference failures and narrowing problems
+- Recursive type definitions with depth control
+- Brand types and nominal typing systems
+- Performance optimization for type checking
+- Library type authoring and declaration files
+- Advanced utility type creation and transformation
+
+## Core Problem Categories
+
+### 1. Generic Types & Constraints (Issues 1-3)
+
+#### "Type instantiation is excessively deep and possibly infinite"
+
+**Root Cause**: Recursive type definitions without proper termination conditions.
+
+**Solutions** (in priority order):
+1. **Limit recursion depth with conditional types**:
+```typescript
+// Bad: Infinite recursion
+type BadRecursive<T> = T extends object ? BadRecursive<T[keyof T]> : T;
+
+// Good: Depth limiting with tuple counter
+type GoodRecursive<T, D extends readonly number[] = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]> = 
+  D['length'] extends 0 
+    ? T 
+    : T extends object 
+      ? GoodRecursive<T[keyof T], Tail<D>>
+      : T;
+
+type Tail<T extends readonly unknown[]> = T extends readonly [unknown, ...infer Rest] ? Rest : [];
+```
+
+2. **Use type assertions for escape hatches**:
+```typescript
+type SafeDeepType<T> = T extends object 
+  ? T extends Function 
+    ? T 
+    : { [K in keyof T]: SafeDeepType<T[K]> }
+  : T;
+
+// When recursion limit hit, fall back to any for specific cases
+type FallbackDeepType<T, D extends number = 10> = D extends 0 
+  ? T extends object ? any : T
+  : T extends object 
+    ? { [K in keyof T]: FallbackDeepType<T[K], [-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9][D]> }
+    : T;
+```
+
+3. **Redesign type hierarchy to avoid deep recursion**:
+```typescript
+// Instead of deeply recursive, use flattened approach
+type FlattenObject<T> = T extends object 
+  ? T extends any[] 
+    ? T 
+    : { [K in keyof T]: T[K] }
+  : T;
+```
+
+**Diagnostic**: `tsc --extendedDiagnostics`
+**Validation**: Check compilation time and memory usage
+
+#### "Type 'T' could be instantiated with a different subtype of constraint"
+
+**Root Cause**: Generic variance issues or insufficient constraints.
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Use intersection types for strengthening**:
+```typescript
+// Ensure T meets both constraints
+function process<T extends BaseType>(value: T & { required: string }): T {
+  return value;
+}
+```
+
+2. **Add proper generic constraints**:
+```typescript
+// Before: Weak constraint
+interface Handler<T> {
+  handle(item: T): void;
+}
+
+// After: Strong constraint
+interface Handler<T extends { id: string; type: string }> {
+  handle(item: T): void;
+}
+```
+
+3. **Implement branded types for nominal typing**:
+```typescript
+declare const __brand: unique symbol;
+type Brand<T, TBrand> = T & { [__brand]: TBrand };
+
+type UserId = Brand<string, 'UserId'>;
+type OrderId = Brand<string, 'OrderId'>;
+
+function processOrder(orderId: OrderId, userId: UserId) {
+  // Type-safe: cannot accidentally swap parameters
+}
+```
+
+#### "Cannot find name 'T' or generic parameter not in scope"
+
+**Root Cause**: Generic type parameter scope issues.
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Move generic parameter to outer scope**:
+```typescript
+// Bad: T not in scope for return type
+interface Container {
+  get<T>(): T; // T is only scoped to this method
+}
+
+// Good: T available throughout interface
+interface Container<T> {
+  get(): T;
+  set(value: T): void;
+}
+```
+
+2. **Use conditional types with infer keyword**:
+```typescript
+type ExtractGeneric<T> = T extends Promise<infer U> 
+  ? U 
+  : T extends (infer V)[] 
+    ? V 
+    : never;
+```
+
+### 2. Utility Types & Transformations (Issues 4-6)
+
+#### "Type 'keyof T' cannot be used to index type 'U'"
+
+**Root Cause**: Incorrect usage of keyof operator across different types.
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Use proper mapped type syntax**:
+```typescript
+// Bad: Cross-type key usage
+type BadPick<T, K extends keyof T, U> = {
+  [P in K]: U[P]; // Error: P might not exist in U
+};
+
+// Good: Constrained key mapping
+type GoodPick<T, K extends keyof T> = {
+  [P in K]: T[P];
+};
+```
+
+2. **Create type-safe property access utility**:
+```typescript
+type SafeGet<T, K extends PropertyKey> = K extends keyof T ? T[K] : never;
+
+function safeGet<T, K extends keyof T>(obj: T, key: K): T[K] {
+  return obj[key];
+}
+```
+
+#### "Template literal type cannot be parsed"
+
+**Root Cause**: Invalid template literal type syntax or complexity.
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Use proper template literal syntax**:
+```typescript
+// Complex string manipulation
+type CamelCase<S extends string> = 
+  S extends `${infer First}_${infer Rest}` 
+    ? `${First}${Capitalize<CamelCase<Rest>>}`
+    : S;
+
+type KebabToCamel<T extends string> = 
+  T extends `${infer Start}-${infer Middle}${infer End}`
+    ? `${Start}${Uppercase<Middle>}${KebabToCamel<End>}`
+    : T;
+```
+
+2. **Implement recursive template literal parsing**:
+```typescript
+// URL path parsing
+type ParsePath<T extends string> = 
+  T extends `/${infer Segment}/${infer Rest}`
+    ? [Segment, ...ParsePath<`/${Rest}`>]
+    : T extends `/${infer Last}`
+      ? [Last]
+      : [];
+
+type ApiPath = ParsePath<"/api/v1/users/123">; // ["api", "v1", "users", "123"]
+```
+
+#### "Conditional type 'T extends U ? X : Y' is not distributive"
+
+**Root Cause**: Misunderstanding of distributive conditional types.
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Control distribution with array wrapping**:
+```typescript
+// Distributive (default behavior)
+type DistributiveExample<T> = T extends string ? T : never;
+type Result1 = DistributiveExample<string | number>; // string
+
+// Non-distributive (wrapped in array)
+type NonDistributive<T> = [T] extends [string] ? T : never;
+type Result2 = NonDistributive<string | number>; // never
+```
+
+2. **Create helper types for distribution control**:
+```typescript
+type Distribute<T, U> = T extends U ? T : never;
+type NoDistribute<T, U> = [T] extends [U] ? T : never;
+
+// Practical example: Extract string types from union
+type ExtractStrings<T> = Distribute<T, string>;
+type OnlyStrings = ExtractStrings<string | number | boolean>; // string
+
+// Extract exact union match
+type ExactMatch<T, U> = NoDistribute<T, U>;
+type IsExactStringOrNumber<T> = ExactMatch<T, string | number>;
+```
+
+### 3. Type Inference & Narrowing (Issues 7-9)
+
+#### "Object is possibly 'null' or 'undefined'"
+
+**Root Cause**: Strict null checking without proper narrowing.
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Comprehensive type guards**:
+```typescript
+// Generic null/undefined guard
+function isDefined<T>(value: T | null | undefined): value is T {
+  return value !== null && value !== undefined;
+}
+
+// Use in filter operations
+const values: (string | null | undefined)[] = ['a', null, 'b', undefined];
+const defined = values.filter(isDefined); // string[]
+```
+
+2. **Advanced assertion functions**:
+```typescript
+function assertIsDefined<T>(value: T | null | undefined): asserts value is T {
+  if (value === null || value === undefined) {
+    throw new Error('Value must not be null or undefined');
+  }
+}
+
+function processUser(user: User | null) {
+  assertIsDefined(user);
+  console.log(user.name); // TypeScript knows user is defined
+}
+```
+
+#### "Argument of type 'unknown' is not assignable"
+
+**Root Cause**: Type narrowing failure in generic context.
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Generic type guards with predicates**:
+```typescript
+function isOfType<T>(
+  value: unknown,
+  guard: (x: unknown) => x is T
+): value is T {
+  return guard(value);
+}
+
+function isString(x: unknown): x is string {
+  return typeof x === 'string';
+}
+
+function processUnknown(value: unknown) {
+  if (isOfType(value, isString)) {
+    console.log(value.length); // OK: value is string
+  }
+}
+```
+
+2. **Schema validation with type inference**:
+```typescript
+interface Schema<T> {
+  parse(input: unknown): T;
+  safeParse(input: unknown): { success: true; data: T } | { success: false; error: string };
+}
+
+function createStringSchema(): Schema<string> {
+  return {
+    parse(input: unknown): string {
+      if (typeof input !== 'string') {
+        throw new Error('Expected string');
+      }
+      return input;
+    },
+    safeParse(input: unknown) {
+      if (typeof input === 'string') {
+        return { success: true, data: input };
+      }
+      return { success: false, error: 'Expected string' };
+    }
+  };
+}
+```
+
+### 4. Advanced Type Patterns (Issues 10-12)
+
+#### "Circular reference in type definition"
+
+**Root Cause**: Types referencing each other directly.
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Break cycle with interface declarations**:
+```typescript
+// Bad: Direct circular reference
+type Node = {
+  value: string;
+  children: Node[];
+};
+
+// Good: Interface with self-reference
+interface TreeNode {
+  value: string;
+  children: TreeNode[];
+  parent?: TreeNode;
+}
+```
+
+2. **Use conditional types to defer evaluation**:
+```typescript
+type Json = string | number | boolean | null | JsonObject | JsonArray;
+interface JsonObject { [key: string]: Json; }
+interface JsonArray extends Array<Json> {}
+
+// Deferred evaluation for complex structures
+type SafeJson<T = unknown> = T extends string | number | boolean | null
+  ? T
+  : T extends object
+    ? T extends any[]
+      ? SafeJson<T[number]>[]
+      : { [K in keyof T]: SafeJson<T[K]> }
+    : never;
+```
+
+#### "Recursive type alias 'T' illegally references itself"
+
+**Root Cause**: Direct self-reference in type alias.
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Use interface with extends**:
+```typescript
+// Bad: Type alias self-reference
+type LinkedList<T> = {
+  value: T;
+  next: LinkedList<T> | null; // Error
+};
+
+// Good: Interface approach
+interface LinkedList<T> {
+  value: T;
+  next: LinkedList<T> | null;
+}
+```
+
+2. **Implement mutual recursion pattern**:
+```typescript
+interface NodeA {
+  type: 'A';
+  child?: NodeB;
+}
+
+interface NodeB {
+  type: 'B';
+  children: NodeA[];
+}
+
+type TreeNode = NodeA | NodeB;
+```
+
+### 5. Performance & Compilation (Issues 13-15)
+
+#### "Type checking is very slow"
+
+**Root Cause**: Complex types causing performance issues.
+
+**Diagnostic Commands**:
+```bash
+# Performance analysis
+tsc --extendedDiagnostics --incremental false
+tsc --generateTrace trace --incremental false
+
+# Memory monitoring
+node --max-old-space-size=8192 ./node_modules/typescript/lib/tsc.js --noEmit
+```
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Optimize type complexity**:
+```typescript
+// Bad: Complex union with many members
+type BadStatus = 'loading' | 'success' | 'error' | 'pending' | 'cancelled' | 
+  'retrying' | 'failed' | 'completed' | 'paused' | 'resumed' | /* ... 50+ more */;
+
+// Good: Grouped discriminated unions
+type RequestStatus = 
+  | { phase: 'initial'; status: 'loading' | 'pending' }
+  | { phase: 'processing'; status: 'running' | 'paused' | 'retrying' }
+  | { phase: 'complete'; status: 'success' | 'error' | 'cancelled' };
+```
+
+2. **Use incremental compilation**:
+```json
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "incremental": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "composite": true
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### "Out of memory during type checking"
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Break large types into smaller pieces**:
+```typescript
+// Bad: Massive single interface
+interface MegaInterface {
+  // ... 1000+ properties
+}
+
+// Good: Composed from smaller interfaces
+interface CoreData { /* essential props */ }
+interface MetaData { /* metadata props */ }
+interface ApiData { /* API-related props */ }
+
+type CompleteData = CoreData & MetaData & ApiData;
+```
+
+2. **Use type aliases to reduce instantiation**:
+```typescript
+// Cache complex types
+type ComplexUtility<T> = T extends object 
+  ? { [K in keyof T]: ComplexUtility<T[K]> }
+  : T;
+
+type CachedType<T> = ComplexUtility<T>;
+
+// Reuse instead of recomputing
+type UserType = CachedType<User>;
+type OrderType = CachedType<Order>;
+```
+
+### 6. Library & Module Types (Issues 16-18)
+
+#### "Module has no default export"
+
+**Root Cause**: Incorrect module import/export handling.
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Use namespace imports**:
+```typescript
+// Instead of: import lib from 'library' (fails)
+import * as lib from 'library';
+
+// Or destructure specific exports
+import { specificFunction, SpecificType } from 'library';
+```
+
+2. **Configure module resolution correctly**:
+```json
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### "Module augmentation not working"
+
+**Root Cause**: Incorrect global or module augmentation syntax.
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. **Proper declare module syntax**:
+```typescript
+// Augment existing module
+declare module 'existing-library' {
+  interface ExistingInterface {
+    newMethod(): string;
+  }
+  
+  export interface NewInterface {
+    customProp: boolean;
+  }
+}
+
+// Global augmentation
+declare global {
+  interface Window {
+    customGlobal: {
+      version: string;
+      api: {
+        call(endpoint: string): Promise<any>;
+      };
+    };
+  }
+  
+  namespace NodeJS {
+    interface ProcessEnv {
+      CUSTOM_ENV_VAR: string;
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Advanced Type-Level Programming Patterns
+
+### 1. Type-Level Computation
+
+```typescript
+// Arithmetic at type level
+type Length<T extends readonly unknown[]> = T['length'];
+type Head<T extends readonly unknown[]> = T extends readonly [infer H, ...unknown[]] ? H : never;
+type Tail<T extends readonly unknown[]> = T extends readonly [unknown, ...infer Rest] ? Rest : [];
+
+// Boolean operations
+type And<A extends boolean, B extends boolean> = A extends true 
+  ? B extends true ? true : false 
+  : false;
+
+type Or<A extends boolean, B extends boolean> = A extends true 
+  ? true 
+  : B extends true ? true : false;
+
+// Tuple manipulation
+type Reverse<T extends readonly unknown[]> = T extends readonly [...infer Rest, infer Last]
+  ? [Last, ...Reverse<Rest>]
+  : [];
+
+// Example: [1, 2, 3] -> [3, 2, 1]
+type Reversed = Reverse<[1, 2, 3]>; // [3, 2, 1]
+```
+
+### 2. Advanced Conditional Type Distributions
+
+```typescript
+// Filter union types
+type Filter<T, U> = T extends U ? T : never;
+type NonNullable<T> = Filter<T, null | undefined>;
+
+// Map over union types
+type StringifyUnion<T> = T extends any ? `${T & string}` : never;
+type Status = 'loading' | 'success' | 'error';
+type StatusStrings = StringifyUnion<Status>; // "loading" | "success" | "error"
+
+// Partition union types
+type Partition<T, U> = [Filter<T, U>, Filter<T, Exclude<T, U>>];
+type Values = string | number | boolean;
+type [Strings, NonStrings] = Partition<Values, string>; // [string, number | boolean]
+```
+
+### 3. Template Literal Type Magic
+
+```typescript
+// Deep property path extraction
+type PathsToStringProps<T> = T extends string 
+  ? [] 
+  : {
+      [K in Extract<keyof T, string>]: T[K] extends string 
+        ? [K] | [K, ...PathsToStringProps<T[K]>]
+        : [K, ...PathsToStringProps<T[K]>];
+    }[Extract<keyof T, string>];
+
+// Join paths with dots
+type Join<K, P> = K extends string | number 
+  ? P extends string | number 
+    ? `${K}${"" extends P ? "" : "."}${P}`
+    : never 
+  : never;
+
+type Paths<T> = PathsToStringProps<T> extends infer P
+  ? P extends readonly (string | number)[]
+    ? Join<P[0], Paths<P extends readonly [any, ...infer R] ? R[0] : never>>
+    : never
+  : never;
+
+// Example usage
+interface User {
+  name: string;
+  address: {
+    street: string;
+    city: string;
+  };
+}
+
+type UserPaths = Paths<User>; // "name" | "address" | "address.street" | "address.city"
+```
+
+### 4. Brand Type System Implementation
+
+```typescript
+declare const __brand: unique symbol;
+declare const __validator: unique symbol;
+
+interface Brand<T, B extends string> {
+  readonly [__brand]: B;
+  readonly [__validator]: (value: T) => boolean;
+}
+
+type Branded<T, B extends string> = T & Brand<T, B>;
+
+// Specific branded types
+type PositiveNumber = Branded<number, 'PositiveNumber'>;
+type EmailAddress = Branded<string, 'EmailAddress'>;
+type UserId = Branded<string, 'UserId'>;
+
+// Brand constructors with validation
+function createPositiveNumber(value: number): PositiveNumber {
+  if (value <= 0) {
+    throw new Error('Number must be positive');
+  }
+  return value as PositiveNumber;
+}
+
+function createEmailAddress(value: string): EmailAddress {
+  if (!/^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/.test(value)) {
+    throw new Error('Invalid email format');
+  }
+  return value as EmailAddress;
+}
+
+// Usage prevents mixing of domain types
+function sendEmail(to: EmailAddress, userId: UserId, amount: PositiveNumber) {
+  // All parameters are type-safe and validated
+}
+
+// Error: cannot mix branded types
+// sendEmail('invalid@email', 'user123', -100); // Type errors
+```
+
+## Performance Optimization Strategies
+
+### 1. Type Complexity Analysis
+
+```bash
+# Generate type trace for analysis
+npx tsc --generateTrace trace --incremental false
+
+# Analyze the trace (requires @typescript/analyze-trace)
+npx @typescript/analyze-trace trace
+
+# Check specific type instantiation depth
+npx tsc --extendedDiagnostics | grep -E "Type instantiation|Check time"
+```
+
+### 2. Memory-Efficient Type Patterns
+
+```typescript
+// Prefer interfaces over type intersections for performance
+// Bad: Heavy intersection
+type HeavyType = TypeA & TypeB & TypeC & TypeD & TypeE;
+
+// Good: Interface extension
+interface LightType extends TypeA, TypeB, TypeC, TypeD, TypeE {}
+
+// Use discriminated unions instead of large unions
+// Bad: Large union
+type Status = 'a' | 'b' | 'c' | /* ... 100 more values */;
+
+// Good: Discriminated union
+type Status = 
+  | { category: 'loading'; value: 'pending' | 'in-progress' }
+  | { category: 'complete'; value: 'success' | 'error' }
+  | { category: 'cancelled'; value: 'user' | 'timeout' };
+```
+
+## Validation Commands
+
+```bash
+# Type checking validation
+tsc --noEmit --strict
+
+# Performance validation
+tsc --extendedDiagnostics --incremental false | grep "Check time"
+
+# Memory usage validation
+node --max-old-space-size=8192 ./node_modules/typescript/lib/tsc.js --noEmit
+
+# Declaration file validation
+tsc --declaration --emitDeclarationOnly --outDir temp-types
+
+# Type coverage validation
+npx type-coverage --detail --strict
+```
+
+## Expert Resources
+
+### Official Documentation
+- [Conditional Types](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/conditional-types.html)
+- [Template Literal Types](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/template-literal-types.html)
+- [Mapped Types](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/mapped-types.html)
+- [TypeScript Performance](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/Performance)
+
+### Advanced Learning
+- [Type Challenges](https://github.com/type-challenges/type-challenges) - Progressive type exercises
+- [Type-Level TypeScript](https://type-level-typescript.com) - Advanced patterns course
+- [TypeScript Deep Dive](https://basarat.gitbook.io/typescript/) - Comprehensive guide
+
+### Tools
+- [tsd](https://github.com/SamVerschueren/tsd) - Type definition testing
+- [type-coverage](https://github.com/plantain-00/type-coverage) - Coverage analysis
+- [ts-essentials](https://github.com/ts-essentials/ts-essentials) - Utility types library
+
+Always validate solutions with the provided diagnostic commands and ensure type safety is maintained throughout the implementation.
+
+## Code Review Checklist
+
+When reviewing TypeScript type definitions and usage, focus on:
+
+### Type Safety & Correctness
+- [ ] All function parameters and return types are explicitly typed
+- [ ] Generic constraints are specific enough to prevent invalid usage
+- [ ] Union types include all possible values and are properly discriminated
+- [ ] Optional properties use consistent patterns (undefined vs optional)
+- [ ] Type assertions are avoided unless absolutely necessary
+- [ ] any types are documented with justification and migration plan
+
+### Generic Design & Constraints
+- [ ] Generic type parameters have meaningful constraint boundaries
+- [ ] Variance is handled correctly (covariant, contravariant, invariant)
+- [ ] Generic functions infer types correctly from usage context
+- [ ] Conditional types provide appropriate fallback behaviors
+- [ ] Recursive types include depth limiting to prevent infinite instantiation
+- [ ] Brand types are used appropriately for nominal typing requirements
+
+### Utility Types & Transformations
+- [ ] Built-in utility types (Pick, Omit, Partial) are preferred over custom implementations
+- [ ] Mapped types transform object structures correctly
+- [ ] Template literal types generate expected string patterns
+- [ ] Conditional types distribute properly over union types
+- [ ] Type-level computation is efficient and maintainable
+- [ ] Custom utility types include comprehensive documentation
+
+### Type Inference & Narrowing
+- [ ] Type guards use proper type predicate syntax
+- [ ] Assertion functions are implemented correctly with asserts keyword
+- [ ] Control flow analysis narrows types appropriately
+- [ ] Discriminated unions include all necessary discriminator properties
+- [ ] Type narrowing works correctly with complex nested objects
+- [ ] Unknown types are handled safely without type assertions
+
+### Performance & Complexity
+- [ ] Type instantiation depth remains within reasonable limits
+- [ ] Complex union types are broken into manageable discriminated unions
+- [ ] Type computation complexity is appropriate for usage frequency
+- [ ] Recursive types terminate properly without infinite loops
+- [ ] Large type definitions don't significantly impact compilation time
+- [ ] Type coverage remains high without excessive complexity
+
+### Library & Module Types
+- [ ] Declaration files accurately represent runtime behavior
+- [ ] Module augmentation is used appropriately for extending third-party types
+- [ ] Global types are scoped correctly and don't pollute global namespace
+- [ ] Export/import types work correctly across module boundaries
+- [ ] Ambient declarations match actual runtime interfaces
+- [ ] Type compatibility is maintained across library versions
+
+### Advanced Patterns & Best Practices
+- [ ] Higher-order types are composed logically and reusably
+- [ ] Type-level programming uses appropriate abstractions
+- [ ] Index signatures are used judiciously with proper key types
+- [ ] Function overloads provide clear, unambiguous signatures
+- [ ] Namespace usage is minimal and well-justified
+- [ ] Type definitions support intended usage patterns without friction