@voxgig/sdkgen 1.3.8 → 1.3.10

package/project/.sdk/tm/c/utility/struct/utility.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1971 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2025-2026 Voxgig Ltd. MIT LICENSE.
+ *
+ * Minor utilities and helpers, plus walk/merge/getpath/setpath.
+ * The inject / transform / validate / select machinery lives in inject.c.
+ */
+
+#include "voxgig_struct.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * Static helpers
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+static char* xstrdup_s(const char* s) {
+  if (!s)
+    s = "";
+  size_t n = strlen(s);
+  char* o = (char*)malloc(n + 1);
+  if (!o)
+    abort();
+  memcpy(o, s, n + 1);
+  return o;
+}
+
+static char* xstrndup_s(const char* s, size_t n) {
+  char* o = (char*)malloc(n + 1);
+  if (!o)
+    abort();
+  if (n)
+    memcpy(o, s, n);
+  o[n] = '\0';
+  return o;
+}
+
+/* "intdup" — format int as string. Caller must free. */
+static char* intstr(int64_t v) {
+  char buf[32];
+  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", (long long)v);
+  return xstrdup_s(buf);
+}
+
+/* doublestr: format double, removing trailing zeros. */
+static char* doublestr(double v) {
+  char buf[64];
+  /* Use %g for compact representation. */
+  if (isnan(v)) {
+    return xstrdup_s("null");
+  }
+  if (isinf(v)) {
+    return xstrdup_s(v < 0 ? "-Infinity" : "Infinity");
+  }
+  if (floor(v) == v && fabs(v) < 1e15) {
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", (long long)v);
+  } else {
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%g", v);
+  }
+  return xstrdup_s(buf);
+}
+
+/* parseInt-style: returns true if the string represents an integer (possibly
+ * with leading sign). Outputs the integer in *out.
+ */
+static bool parse_intstr(const char* s, size_t n, int64_t* out) {
+  if (!s || n == 0)
+    return false;
+  size_t i = 0;
+  int sign = 1;
+  if (s[0] == '-') {
+    sign = -1;
+    i = 1;
+  } else if (s[0] == '+') {
+    i = 1;
+  }
+  if (i >= n)
+    return false;
+  int64_t v = 0;
+  for (; i < n; i++) {
+    if (s[i] < '0' || s[i] > '9')
+      return false;
+    v = v * 10 + (s[i] - '0');
+  }
+  *out = sign * v;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* R_INTEGER_KEY: ^[-0-9]+$ — goes through the vendored regex engine so the
+   call sites read the same as the canonical TS. */
+static voxgig_regex* R_INTEGER_KEY_re(void) {
+  static voxgig_regex* re = NULL;
+  if (!re)
+    re = voxgig_re_compile("^[-0-9]+$");
+  return re;
+}
+static bool match_integer_key(const char* s, size_t n) {
+  if (!s || n == 0)
+    return false;
+  char buf[64];
+  char* tmp = NULL;
+  const char* z;
+  if (n < sizeof(buf)) {
+    memcpy(buf, s, n);
+    buf[n] = '\0';
+    z = buf;
+  } else {
+    tmp = (char*)malloc(n + 1);
+    memcpy(tmp, s, n);
+    tmp[n] = '\0';
+    z = tmp;
+  }
+  bool ok = voxgig_re_test_re(R_INTEGER_KEY_re(), z);
+  free(tmp);
+  return ok;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * String vector
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+void voxgig_strvec_init(voxgig_strvec* v) {
+  v->len = 0;
+  v->cap = 0;
+  v->data = NULL;
+}
+
+void voxgig_strvec_free(voxgig_strvec* v) {
+  if (!v)
+    return;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < v->len; i++)
+    free(v->data[i]);
+  free(v->data);
+  v->data = NULL;
+  v->len = 0;
+  v->cap = 0;
+}
+
+void voxgig_strvec_clear(voxgig_strvec* v) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < v->len; i++)
+    free(v->data[i]);
+  v->len = 0;
+}
+
+static void strvec_reserve(voxgig_strvec* v, size_t need) {
+  if (v->cap >= need)
+    return;
+  size_t nc = v->cap == 0 ? 8 : v->cap;
+  while (nc < need)
+    nc *= 2;
+  char** nd = (char**)realloc(v->data, nc * sizeof(char*));
+  if (!nd)
+    abort();
+  v->data = nd;
+  v->cap = nc;
+}
+
+void voxgig_strvec_push(voxgig_strvec* v, const char* s) {
+  voxgig_strvec_push_n(v, s, s ? strlen(s) : 0);
+}
+
+void voxgig_strvec_push_n(voxgig_strvec* v, const char* s, size_t n) {
+  strvec_reserve(v, v->len + 1);
+  v->data[v->len++] = xstrndup_s(s ? s : "", n);
+}
+
+void voxgig_strvec_resize(voxgig_strvec* v, size_t n) {
+  if (n < v->len) {
+    for (size_t i = n; i < v->len; i++)
+      free(v->data[i]);
+    v->len = n;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (n > v->len) {
+    strvec_reserve(v, n);
+    for (size_t i = v->len; i < n; i++)
+      v->data[i] = xstrdup_s("");
+    v->len = n;
+  }
+}
+
+void voxgig_strvec_set(voxgig_strvec* v, size_t i, const char* s) {
+  if (i >= v->len)
+    voxgig_strvec_resize(v, i + 1);
+  free(v->data[i]);
+  v->data[i] = xstrdup_s(s ? s : "");
+}
+
+void voxgig_strvec_copy(voxgig_strvec* dst, const voxgig_strvec* src) {
+  voxgig_strvec_clear(dst);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < src->len; i++)
+    voxgig_strvec_push(dst, src->data[i]);
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * Type-name table (matches TS TYPENAME).
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+static const char* TYPENAME_TABLE[26] = {
+    "any",  "nil",      "boolean", "decimal", "integer", "number", "string", "function", "symbol",
+    "null", "",         "",        "",        "",        "",       "",       "",         "list",
+    "map",  "instance", "",        "",        "",        "",       "scalar", "node",
+};
+
+static int clz32(uint32_t x) {
+  if (x == 0)
+    return 32;
+  int n = 0;
+  while ((x & 0x80000000u) == 0) {
+    n++;
+    x <<= 1;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+const char* voxgig_typename(int t) {
+  int idx = clz32((uint32_t)t);
+  if (idx < 0 || idx >= 26)
+    return "any";
+  const char* s = TYPENAME_TABLE[idx];
+  return (s && *s) ? s : "any";
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * typify
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+int voxgig_typify(const voxgig_value* v) {
+  if (!v || voxgig_is_undef(v))
+    return VOXGIG_T_NOVAL;
+  if (voxgig_is_null(v))
+    return VOXGIG_T_SCALAR | VOXGIG_T_NULL;
+  if (voxgig_is_bool(v))
+    return VOXGIG_T_SCALAR | VOXGIG_T_BOOLEAN;
+  if (voxgig_is_int(v))
+    return VOXGIG_T_SCALAR | VOXGIG_T_NUMBER | VOXGIG_T_INTEGER;
+  if (voxgig_is_double(v)) {
+    double d = voxgig_as_double(v);
+    if (isnan(d))
+      return VOXGIG_T_NOVAL;
+    return VOXGIG_T_SCALAR | VOXGIG_T_NUMBER | VOXGIG_T_DECIMAL;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_string(v))
+    return VOXGIG_T_SCALAR | VOXGIG_T_STRING;
+  if (voxgig_is_list(v))
+    return VOXGIG_T_NODE | VOXGIG_T_LIST;
+  if (voxgig_is_map(v))
+    return VOXGIG_T_NODE | VOXGIG_T_MAP;
+  if (voxgig_is_func(v))
+    return VOXGIG_T_SCALAR | VOXGIG_T_FUNCTION;
+  if (voxgig_is_sentinel(v))
+    return VOXGIG_T_NODE | VOXGIG_T_MAP;
+  return VOXGIG_T_ANY;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * Predicates (voxgig_*)
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+bool voxgig_isnode(const voxgig_value* v) {
+  return voxgig_is_node(v);
+}
+bool voxgig_ismap(const voxgig_value* v) {
+  return voxgig_is_map(v);
+}
+bool voxgig_islist(const voxgig_value* v) {
+  return voxgig_is_list(v);
+}
+
+bool voxgig_iskey(const voxgig_value* v) {
+  if (voxgig_is_string(v))
+    return voxgig_string_len(v) > 0;
+  return voxgig_is_int(v) || voxgig_is_double(v);
+}
+
+bool voxgig_isempty(const voxgig_value* v) {
+  if (!v || voxgig_is_undef(v) || voxgig_is_null(v))
+    return true;
+  if (voxgig_is_string(v))
+    return voxgig_string_len(v) == 0;
+  if (voxgig_is_list(v))
+    return voxgig_list_len(voxgig_as_list(v)) == 0;
+  if (voxgig_is_map(v))
+    return voxgig_map_len(voxgig_as_map(v)) == 0;
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool voxgig_isfunc(const voxgig_value* v) {
+  return voxgig_is_func(v);
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * getdef
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_getdef(voxgig_value* val, voxgig_value* alt) {
+  if (!val || voxgig_is_undef(val))
+    return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  return voxgig_retain(val);
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * size
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+int64_t voxgig_size(const voxgig_value* v) {
+  if (!v)
+    return 0;
+  if (voxgig_is_list(v))
+    return (int64_t)voxgig_list_len(voxgig_as_list(v));
+  if (voxgig_is_map(v))
+    return (int64_t)voxgig_map_len(voxgig_as_map(v));
+  if (voxgig_is_string(v))
+    return (int64_t)voxgig_string_len(v);
+  if (voxgig_is_int(v))
+    return (int64_t)floor((double)voxgig_as_int(v));
+  if (voxgig_is_double(v))
+    return (int64_t)floor(voxgig_as_double(v));
+  if (voxgig_is_bool(v))
+    return voxgig_as_bool(v) ? 1 : 0;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * slice
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_slice(voxgig_value* v, voxgig_value* start, voxgig_value* end, bool mutate) {
+  if (voxgig_is_number(v)) {
+    int64_t s =
+        (voxgig_is_int(start) || voxgig_is_double(start)) ? voxgig_as_int(start) : INT64_MIN / 2;
+    int64_t e = (voxgig_is_int(end) || voxgig_is_double(end)) ? voxgig_as_int(end) : INT64_MAX / 2;
+    e -= 1;
+    int64_t val = voxgig_as_int(v);
+    if (val < s)
+      val = s;
+    if (val > e)
+      val = e;
+    return voxgig_new_int(val);
+  }
+
+  int64_t vlen = voxgig_size(v);
+  bool has_start = (start != NULL && !voxgig_is_undef(start));
+  bool has_end = (end != NULL && !voxgig_is_undef(end));
+
+  int64_t s = has_start ? voxgig_as_int(start) : -1;
+  int64_t e = has_end ? voxgig_as_int(end) : -1;
+
+  if (has_end && !has_start) {
+    s = 0;
+    has_start = true;
+  }
+
+  if (!has_start) {
+    /* No start: return as-is (deep clone for safety since canonical returns input). */
+    if (voxgig_is_string(v))
+      return voxgig_new_string_n(voxgig_as_string(v), voxgig_string_len(v));
+    if (voxgig_is_list(v))
+      return voxgig_clone(v);
+    return voxgig_retain(v);
+  }
+
+  if (s < 0) {
+    e = vlen + s;
+    if (e < 0)
+      e = 0;
+    s = 0;
+  } else if (has_end) {
+    if (e < 0) {
+      e = vlen + e;
+      if (e < 0)
+        e = 0;
+    } else if (vlen < e) {
+      e = vlen;
+    }
+  } else {
+    e = vlen;
+  }
+
+  if (vlen < s)
+    s = vlen;
+
+  if (s >= 0 && s <= e && e <= vlen) {
+    if (voxgig_is_list(v)) {
+      voxgig_list* src = voxgig_as_list(v);
+      if (mutate) {
+        for (int64_t i = 0, j = s; j < e; i++, j++) {
+          voxgig_value* old = src->items[i];
+          src->items[i] = voxgig_retain(src->items[j]);
+          voxgig_release(old);
+        }
+        for (int64_t i = (int64_t)src->len - 1; i >= e - s; i--) {
+          voxgig_release(src->items[i]);
+        }
+        src->len = (size_t)(e - s);
+        return voxgig_retain(v);
+      }
+      voxgig_value* out = voxgig_new_list();
+      for (int64_t i = s; i < e; i++) {
+        voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(out), voxgig_clone(voxgig_list_get(src, (size_t)i)));
+      }
+      return out;
+    }
+    if (voxgig_is_string(v)) {
+      return voxgig_new_string_n(voxgig_as_string(v) + s, (size_t)(e - s));
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (voxgig_is_list(v)) {
+      if (mutate) {
+        voxgig_list_clear(voxgig_as_list(v));
+        return voxgig_retain(v);
+      }
+      return voxgig_new_list();
+    }
+    if (voxgig_is_string(v)) {
+      return voxgig_new_string("");
+    }
+  }
+  return voxgig_retain(v);
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * strkey
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+char* voxgig_strkey(voxgig_value* key) {
+  if (!key || voxgig_is_undef(key))
+    return xstrdup_s("");
+  int t = voxgig_typify(key);
+  if (t & VOXGIG_T_STRING)
+    return xstrdup_s(voxgig_as_string(key));
+  if (t & VOXGIG_T_BOOLEAN)
+    return xstrdup_s("");
+  if (t & VOXGIG_T_NUMBER) {
+    if (voxgig_is_int(key)) {
+      return intstr(voxgig_as_int(key));
+    }
+    double d = voxgig_as_double(key);
+    if (d == floor(d))
+      return intstr((int64_t)d);
+    return intstr((int64_t)floor(d));
+  }
+  return xstrdup_s("");
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * keysof
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+static int qsort_str_cmp(const void* a, const void* b) {
+  const char* sa = *(const char* const*)a;
+  const char* sb = *(const char* const*)b;
+  return strcmp(sa, sb);
+}
+
+voxgig_strvec voxgig_keysof(voxgig_value* val) {
+  voxgig_strvec out;
+  voxgig_strvec_init(&out);
+  if (!voxgig_is_node(val))
+    return out;
+  if (voxgig_is_map(val)) {
+    voxgig_map* m = voxgig_as_map(val);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m->len; i++) {
+      voxgig_strvec_push_n(&out, m->entries[i].key, m->entries[i].klen);
+    }
+    if (out.len > 1)
+      qsort(out.data, out.len, sizeof(char*), qsort_str_cmp);
+  } else {
+    voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(val);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < l->len; i++) {
+      char* s = intstr((int64_t)i);
+      voxgig_strvec_push(&out, s);
+      free(s);
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * getelem / getprop / haskey
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_getelem(voxgig_value* val, voxgig_value* key, voxgig_value* alt) {
+  if (!val || voxgig_is_undef(val) || !key || voxgig_is_undef(key)) {
+    return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_list(val)) {
+    voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(val);
+    int64_t nk = 0;
+    bool ok = false;
+    if (voxgig_is_int(key)) {
+      nk = voxgig_as_int(key);
+      ok = true;
+    } else if (voxgig_is_double(key)) {
+      nk = (int64_t)voxgig_as_double(key);
+      ok = true;
+    } else if (voxgig_is_string(key)) {
+      ok = match_integer_key(voxgig_as_string(key), voxgig_string_len(key)) &&
+           parse_intstr(voxgig_as_string(key), voxgig_string_len(key), &nk);
+    }
+    if (!ok) {
+      if (alt && voxgig_is_injector(alt)) {
+        return alt->as.fn.fn.inj(NULL, alt, "", NULL, alt->as.fn.ud);
+      }
+      return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+    }
+    if (nk < 0)
+      nk = (int64_t)l->len + nk;
+    if (nk < 0 || nk >= (int64_t)l->len) {
+      if (alt && voxgig_is_injector(alt)) {
+        return alt->as.fn.fn.inj(NULL, alt, "", NULL, alt->as.fn.ud);
+      }
+      return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+    }
+    voxgig_value* v = voxgig_list_get(l, (size_t)nk);
+    /* Group A: null at a slot counts as "no value" — same rule as getprop.
+       Canonical TS getelem returns alt when the slot is null/absent. */
+    if (v && !voxgig_is_undef(v) && !voxgig_is_null(v))
+      return voxgig_retain(v);
+    if (alt && voxgig_is_injector(alt)) {
+      return alt->as.fn.fn.inj(NULL, alt, "", NULL, alt->as.fn.ud);
+    }
+    return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  }
+  if (alt && voxgig_is_injector(alt)) {
+    return alt->as.fn.fn.inj(NULL, alt, "", NULL, alt->as.fn.ud);
+  }
+  return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+}
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_getprop(voxgig_value* val, voxgig_value* key, voxgig_value* alt) {
+  if (!val || voxgig_is_undef(val) || !key || voxgig_is_undef(key)) {
+    return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_map(val)) {
+    char* k = voxgig_strkey(key);
+    voxgig_value* v = voxgig_map_get(voxgig_as_map(val), k);
+    free(k);
+    /* Group A: JSON null at the key is treated as "no value" — same rule as
+       absent. Returns alt. Mirrors the canonical TS post-spec semantics. */
+    if (v && !voxgig_is_undef(v) && !voxgig_is_null(v))
+      return voxgig_retain(v);
+    return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_list(val)) {
+    voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(val);
+    int64_t nk = 0;
+    if (voxgig_is_int(key)) {
+      nk = voxgig_as_int(key);
+    } else if (voxgig_is_double(key)) {
+      nk = (int64_t)voxgig_as_double(key);
+    } else if (voxgig_is_string(key)) {
+      if (!match_integer_key(voxgig_as_string(key), voxgig_string_len(key)) ||
+          !parse_intstr(voxgig_as_string(key), voxgig_string_len(key), &nk)) {
+        return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+      }
+    } else {
+      return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+    }
+    if (nk < 0 || nk >= (int64_t)l->len) {
+      return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+    }
+    voxgig_value* v = voxgig_list_get(l, (size_t)nk);
+    /* Group A: null at the slot also returns alt. */
+    if (v && !voxgig_is_undef(v) && !voxgig_is_null(v))
+      return voxgig_retain(v);
+    return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  }
+  return alt ? voxgig_retain(alt) : voxgig_new_undef();
+}
+
+bool voxgig_haskey(voxgig_value* val, voxgig_value* key) {
+  voxgig_value* v = voxgig_getprop(val, key, NULL);
+  /* Group A: null counts as "no value", same rule as getprop. */
+  bool out = v && !voxgig_is_undef(v) && !voxgig_is_null(v);
+  voxgig_release(v);
+  return out;
+}
+
+/* Internal literal lookup. See header. */
+voxgig_value* voxgig_lookup(voxgig_value* val, voxgig_value* key) {
+  if (!val || voxgig_is_undef(val) || !key || voxgig_is_undef(key))
+    return NULL;
+  if (voxgig_is_map(val)) {
+    char* k = voxgig_strkey(key);
+    voxgig_value* v = voxgig_map_get(voxgig_as_map(val), k);
+    free(k);
+    return v;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_list(val)) {
+    int64_t nk = 0;
+    if (voxgig_is_int(key))
+      nk = voxgig_as_int(key);
+    else if (voxgig_is_double(key))
+      nk = (int64_t)voxgig_as_double(key);
+    else if (voxgig_is_string(key)) {
+      if (!parse_intstr(voxgig_as_string(key), voxgig_string_len(key), &nk))
+        return NULL;
+    } else
+      return NULL;
+    voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(val);
+    if (nk < 0 || nk >= (int64_t)l->len)
+      return NULL;
+    return voxgig_list_get(l, (size_t)nk);
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * items_v: returns list of [key, value] tuples
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_items_v(voxgig_value* val) {
+  voxgig_value* out = voxgig_new_list();
+  if (!voxgig_is_node(val))
+    return out;
+  voxgig_strvec keys = voxgig_keysof(val);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < keys.len; i++) {
+    voxgig_value* pair = voxgig_new_list();
+    voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(pair), voxgig_new_string(keys.data[i]));
+    voxgig_value* keyv = voxgig_new_string(keys.data[i]);
+    voxgig_value* v = voxgig_getprop(val, keyv, NULL);
+    voxgig_release(keyv);
+    voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(pair), v);
+    voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(out), pair);
+  }
+  voxgig_strvec_free(&keys);
+  return out;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * setprop / delprop
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_setprop(voxgig_value* parent, voxgig_value* key, voxgig_value* val) {
+  if (!parent || !voxgig_iskey(key))
+    return parent;
+  if (voxgig_is_map(parent)) {
+    char* k = voxgig_strkey(key);
+    if (val && voxgig_is_undef(val)) {
+      voxgig_map_erase(voxgig_as_map(parent), k);
+    } else {
+      voxgig_map_set(voxgig_as_map(parent), k, val ? voxgig_retain(val) : voxgig_new_undef());
+    }
+    free(k);
+  } else if (voxgig_is_list(parent)) {
+    int64_t ki = 0;
+    if (voxgig_is_int(key))
+      ki = voxgig_as_int(key);
+    else if (voxgig_is_double(key))
+      ki = (int64_t)floor(voxgig_as_double(key));
+    else if (voxgig_is_string(key)) {
+      if (!parse_intstr(voxgig_as_string(key), voxgig_string_len(key), &ki))
+        return parent;
+    } else {
+      return parent;
+    }
+    voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(parent);
+    if (ki >= 0) {
+      int64_t cap = (int64_t)l->len + 1;
+      if (ki > cap - 1)
+        ki = cap - 1;
+      if (ki < cap) {
+        voxgig_list_set(l, (size_t)ki, val ? voxgig_retain(val) : voxgig_new_undef());
+      }
+    } else {
+      voxgig_list_insert(l, 0, val ? voxgig_retain(val) : voxgig_new_undef());
+    }
+  }
+  return parent;
+}
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_delprop(voxgig_value* parent, voxgig_value* key) {
+  if (!parent || !voxgig_iskey(key))
+    return parent;
+  if (voxgig_is_map(parent)) {
+    char* k = voxgig_strkey(key);
+    voxgig_map_erase(voxgig_as_map(parent), k);
+    free(k);
+  } else if (voxgig_is_list(parent)) {
+    int64_t ki = 0;
+    if (voxgig_is_int(key))
+      ki = voxgig_as_int(key);
+    else if (voxgig_is_double(key))
+      ki = (int64_t)floor(voxgig_as_double(key));
+    else if (voxgig_is_string(key)) {
+      if (!parse_intstr(voxgig_as_string(key), voxgig_string_len(key), &ki))
+        return parent;
+    } else {
+      return parent;
+    }
+    voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(parent);
+    if (ki >= 0 && ki < (int64_t)l->len) {
+      voxgig_list_erase(l, (size_t)ki);
+    }
+  }
+  return parent;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * flatten / filter
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+static void flatten_into(voxgig_value* out, voxgig_value* list, int depth) {
+  if (!voxgig_is_list(list)) {
+    voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(out), voxgig_retain(list));
+    return;
+  }
+  if (depth <= 0) {
+    /* Append all items as-is (one level of flattening already exhausted). */
+    voxgig_list* src = voxgig_as_list(list);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < src->len; i++) {
+      voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(out), voxgig_retain(src->items[i]));
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  voxgig_list* src = voxgig_as_list(list);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < src->len; i++) {
+    voxgig_value* it = src->items[i];
+    if (voxgig_is_list(it)) {
+      flatten_into(out, it, depth - 1);
+    } else {
+      voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(out), voxgig_retain(it));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_flatten(voxgig_value* list, voxgig_value* depth) {
+  if (!voxgig_is_list(list))
+    return voxgig_retain(list);
+  int d = 1;
+  if (depth && !voxgig_is_undef(depth)) {
+    if (voxgig_is_int(depth))
+      d = (int)voxgig_as_int(depth);
+    else if (voxgig_is_double(depth))
+      d = (int)voxgig_as_double(depth);
+  }
+  voxgig_value* out = voxgig_new_list();
+  voxgig_list* src = voxgig_as_list(list);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < src->len; i++) {
+    voxgig_value* it = src->items[i];
+    if (voxgig_is_list(it) && d > 0) {
+      flatten_into(out, it, d - 1);
+    } else {
+      voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(out), voxgig_retain(it));
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_filter(voxgig_value* val, voxgig_itemcheck_fn check, void* ud) {
+  voxgig_value* all = voxgig_items_v(val);
+  voxgig_value* out = voxgig_new_list();
+  voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(all);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < l->len; i++) {
+    voxgig_value* pair = l->items[i];
+    if (check(pair, ud)) {
+      voxgig_value* v = voxgig_list_get(voxgig_as_list(pair), 1);
+      voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(out), voxgig_retain(v));
+    }
+  }
+  voxgig_release(all);
+  return out;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * escre / escurl / replace
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+char* voxgig_escre(voxgig_value* v) {
+  const char* s = "";
+  if (voxgig_is_string(v))
+    s = voxgig_as_string(v);
+  /* Equivalent to canonical TS: replace /[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g with "\\$&".
+     voxgig_re_escape implements the same character set. */
+  return voxgig_re_escape(s);
+}
+
+char* voxgig_escurl(voxgig_value* v) {
+  const char* s = "";
+  if (voxgig_is_string(v))
+    s = voxgig_as_string(v);
+  size_t n = strlen(s);
+  char* o = (char*)malloc(n * 3 + 1);
+  if (!o)
+    abort();
+  size_t j = 0;
+  static const char hex[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    unsigned char c = (unsigned char)s[i];
+    /* RFC 3986 encodeURIComponent: unreserved chars: A-Z a-z 0-9 - _ . ~ ! * ' ( ) */
+    if ((c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '-' ||
+        c == '_' || c == '.' || c == '~' || c == '!' || c == '*' || c == '\'' || c == '(' ||
+        c == ')') {
+      o[j++] = (char)c;
+    } else {
+      o[j++] = '%';
+      o[j++] = hex[(c >> 4) & 0xF];
+      o[j++] = hex[c & 0xF];
+    }
+  }
+  o[j] = '\0';
+  return o;
+}
+
+char* voxgig_replace_str(const char* s, const char* from, const char* to) {
+  if (!s)
+    s = "";
+  if (!from || !*from)
+    return xstrdup_s(s);
+  if (!to)
+    to = "";
+  size_t sl = strlen(s);
+  size_t fl = strlen(from);
+  size_t tl = strlen(to);
+  size_t cap = sl + 16;
+  char* out = (char*)malloc(cap);
+  if (!out)
+    abort();
+  size_t o = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < sl;) {
+    if (i + fl <= sl && memcmp(s + i, from, fl) == 0) {
+      while (o + tl >= cap) {
+        cap *= 2;
+        out = (char*)realloc(out, cap);
+        if (!out)
+          abort();
+      }
+      memcpy(out + o, to, tl);
+      o += tl;
+      i += fl;
+    } else {
+      if (o + 1 >= cap) {
+        cap *= 2;
+        out = (char*)realloc(out, cap);
+        if (!out)
+          abort();
+      }
+      out[o++] = s[i++];
+    }
+  }
+  if (o + 1 > cap) {
+    cap = o + 1;
+    out = (char*)realloc(out, cap);
+    if (!out)
+      abort();
+  }
+  out[o] = '\0';
+  return out;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * stringify / jsonify / pathify / pad
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+static void sb_append(char** buf, size_t* len, size_t* cap, const char* s, size_t n) {
+  if (*len + n + 1 > *cap) {
+    size_t nc = *cap == 0 ? 64 : *cap;
+    while (nc < *len + n + 1)
+      nc *= 2;
+    char* nb = (char*)realloc(*buf, nc);
+    if (!nb)
+      abort();
+    *buf = nb;
+    *cap = nc;
+  }
+  memcpy(*buf + *len, s, n);
+  *len += n;
+  (*buf)[*len] = '\0';
+}
+
+static void sb_append_str(char** buf, size_t* len, size_t* cap, const char* s) {
+  sb_append(buf, len, cap, s, strlen(s));
+}
+
+/* Sort keys for "stringify": canonical orders map keys by insertion (so stable). */
+static void stringify_inner(voxgig_value* v, char** buf, size_t* len, size_t* cap, bool top);
+
+static void escape_json_str(const char* s, size_t n, char** buf, size_t* len, size_t* cap) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    unsigned char c = (unsigned char)s[i];
+    if (c == '"' || c == '\\') {
+      char esc[2] = {'\\', (char)c};
+      sb_append(buf, len, cap, esc, 2);
+    } else if (c == '\n') {
+      sb_append(buf, len, cap, "\\n", 2);
+    } else if (c == '\r') {
+      sb_append(buf, len, cap, "\\r", 2);
+    } else if (c == '\t') {
+      sb_append(buf, len, cap, "\\t", 2);
+    } else if (c == '\b') {
+      sb_append(buf, len, cap, "\\b", 2);
+    } else if (c == '\f') {
+      sb_append(buf, len, cap, "\\f", 2);
+    } else if (c < 0x20) {
+      char tmp[8];
+      snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "\\u%04x", c);
+      sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, tmp);
+    } else {
+      sb_append(buf, len, cap, (const char*)&c, 1);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void stringify_inner(voxgig_value* v, char** buf, size_t* len, size_t* cap, bool top) {
+  if (!v || voxgig_is_undef(v)) {
+    if (top)
+      sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "");
+    else
+      sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "null");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_null(v)) {
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "null");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_bool(v)) {
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, voxgig_as_bool(v) ? "true" : "false");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_int(v)) {
+    char tmp[32];
+    snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%lld", (long long)voxgig_as_int(v));
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, tmp);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_double(v)) {
+    char* s = doublestr(voxgig_as_double(v));
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, s);
+    free(s);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_string(v)) {
+    /* In TS stringify, JSON.stringify then remove all quotes. */
+    sb_append(buf, len, cap, "\"", 1);
+    escape_json_str(voxgig_as_string(v), voxgig_string_len(v), buf, len, cap);
+    sb_append(buf, len, cap, "\"", 1);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_list(v)) {
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "[");
+    voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(v);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < l->len; i++) {
+      if (i > 0)
+        sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, ",");
+      stringify_inner(l->items[i], buf, len, cap, false);
+    }
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "]");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_map(v)) {
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "{");
+    voxgig_map* m = voxgig_as_map(v);
+    /* In TS stringify, map keys are visited via items() which yields sorted keys. */
+    /* Build sorted index. */
+    size_t* idx = (size_t*)malloc(m->len * sizeof(size_t) + 1);
+    if (!idx)
+      abort();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m->len; i++)
+      idx[i] = i;
+    /* Sort by key. */
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < m->len; i++) {
+      size_t j = i;
+      while (j > 0 && strcmp(m->entries[idx[j - 1]].key, m->entries[idx[j]].key) > 0) {
+        size_t t = idx[j - 1];
+        idx[j - 1] = idx[j];
+        idx[j] = t;
+        j--;
+      }
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m->len; i++) {
+      if (i > 0)
+        sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, ",");
+      sb_append(buf, len, cap, "\"", 1);
+      escape_json_str(m->entries[idx[i]].key, m->entries[idx[i]].klen, buf, len, cap);
+      sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "\":");
+      stringify_inner(m->entries[idx[i]].value, buf, len, cap, false);
+    }
+    free(idx);
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "}");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_sentinel(v)) {
+    char tmp[48];
+    snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "{\"`$%s`\":true}", voxgig_as_sentinel(v)->name);
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, tmp);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_func(v)) {
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "null");
+    return;
+  }
+  sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "null");
+}
+
+char* voxgig_stringify(voxgig_value* val, int maxlen) {
+  if (!val || voxgig_is_undef(val))
+    return xstrdup_s("");
+  char* buf = NULL;
+  size_t len = 0, cap = 0;
+
+  if (voxgig_is_string(val)) {
+    sb_append(&buf, &len, &cap, voxgig_as_string(val), voxgig_string_len(val));
+  } else {
+    stringify_inner(val, &buf, &len, &cap, true);
+    /* Remove all double quotes. */
+    size_t w = 0;
+    for (size_t r = 0; r < len; r++) {
+      if (buf[r] != '"')
+        buf[w++] = buf[r];
+    }
+    buf[w] = '\0';
+    len = w;
+  }
+
+  if (maxlen >= 0 && (int64_t)len > (int64_t)maxlen) {
+    if (maxlen >= 3) {
+      memcpy(buf + maxlen - 3, "...", 3);
+      buf[maxlen] = '\0';
+    } else {
+      buf[maxlen] = '\0';
+    }
+  }
+  if (!buf)
+    buf = xstrdup_s("");
+  return buf;
+}
+
+/* jsonify: emit standard JSON. */
+static void jsonify_inner(voxgig_value* v, char** buf, size_t* len, size_t* cap, int indent,
+                          int depth) {
+  if (!v || voxgig_is_undef(v) || voxgig_is_null(v)) {
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "null");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_bool(v)) {
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, voxgig_as_bool(v) ? "true" : "false");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_int(v)) {
+    char tmp[32];
+    snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%lld", (long long)voxgig_as_int(v));
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, tmp);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_double(v)) {
+    char* s = doublestr(voxgig_as_double(v));
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, s);
+    free(s);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_string(v)) {
+    sb_append(buf, len, cap, "\"", 1);
+    escape_json_str(voxgig_as_string(v), voxgig_string_len(v), buf, len, cap);
+    sb_append(buf, len, cap, "\"", 1);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_list(v)) {
+    voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(v);
+    if (l->len == 0) {
+      sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "[]");
+      return;
+    }
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "[");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < l->len; i++) {
+      if (i > 0)
+        sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, ",");
+      if (indent > 0) {
+        sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "\n");
+        for (int j = 0; j < (depth + 1) * indent; j++)
+          sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, " ");
+      }
+      jsonify_inner(l->items[i], buf, len, cap, indent, depth + 1);
+    }
+    if (indent > 0) {
+      sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "\n");
+      for (int j = 0; j < depth * indent; j++)
+        sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, " ");
+    }
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "]");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (voxgig_is_map(v)) {
+    voxgig_map* m = voxgig_as_map(v);
+    if (m->len == 0) {
+      sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "{}");
+      return;
+    }
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "{");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m->len; i++) {
+      if (i > 0)
+        sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, ",");
+      if (indent > 0) {
+        sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "\n");
+        for (int j = 0; j < (depth + 1) * indent; j++)
+          sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, " ");
+      }
+      sb_append(buf, len, cap, "\"", 1);
+      escape_json_str(m->entries[i].key, m->entries[i].klen, buf, len, cap);
+      sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, indent > 0 ? "\": " : "\":");
+      jsonify_inner(m->entries[i].value, buf, len, cap, indent, depth + 1);
+    }
+    if (indent > 0) {
+      sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "\n");
+      for (int j = 0; j < depth * indent; j++)
+        sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, " ");
+    }
+    sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "}");
+    return;
+  }
+  sb_append_str(buf, len, cap, "null");
+}
+
+char* voxgig_jsonify(voxgig_value* val, voxgig_value* flags) {
+  if (!val || voxgig_is_undef(val) || voxgig_is_null(val))
+    return xstrdup_s("null");
+  int indent = 2;
+  int offset = 0;
+  if (flags && voxgig_is_map(flags)) {
+    voxgig_value* iv = voxgig_map_get(voxgig_as_map(flags), "indent");
+    if (voxgig_is_int(iv))
+      indent = (int)voxgig_as_int(iv);
+    else if (voxgig_is_double(iv))
+      indent = (int)voxgig_as_double(iv);
+    voxgig_value* ov = voxgig_map_get(voxgig_as_map(flags), "offset");
+    if (voxgig_is_int(ov))
+      offset = (int)voxgig_as_int(ov);
+    else if (voxgig_is_double(ov))
+      offset = (int)voxgig_as_double(ov);
+  }
+  char* buf = NULL;
+  size_t len = 0, cap = 0;
+  jsonify_inner(val, &buf, &len, &cap, indent, 0);
+  if (offset > 0) {
+    /* Re-indent: find first newline, prepend "{" + "\n" and pad subsequent lines by offset. */
+    /* The first brace is on the same line as the assignment, so it's not offset. */
+    char* nb = NULL;
+    size_t nlen = 0, ncap = 0;
+    sb_append_str(&nb, &nlen, &ncap, "{\n");
+    bool first_line = true;
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (i < len) {
+      size_t lstart = i;
+      while (i < len && buf[i] != '\n')
+        i++;
+      size_t llen = i - lstart;
+      if (first_line) {
+        /* Skip the first '{' line. */
+        first_line = false;
+      } else {
+        /* Pad with offset spaces. */
+        for (int j = 0; j < offset; j++)
+          sb_append_str(&nb, &nlen, &ncap, " ");
+        sb_append(&nb, &nlen, &ncap, buf + lstart, llen);
+        sb_append_str(&nb, &nlen, &ncap, "\n");
+      }
+      if (i < len)
+        i++;
+    }
+    free(buf);
+    /* Strip trailing newline. */
+    if (nlen > 0 && nb[nlen - 1] == '\n')
+      nb[--nlen] = '\0';
+    buf = nb;
+  }
+  if (!buf)
+    return xstrdup_s("null");
+  return buf;
+}
+
+char* voxgig_pad(voxgig_value* str, voxgig_value* padding, voxgig_value* padchar) {
+  char* s;
+  if (voxgig_is_string(str))
+    s = xstrdup_s(voxgig_as_string(str));
+  else
+    s = voxgig_stringify(str, -1);
+  int p = 44;
+  if (padding && !voxgig_is_undef(padding)) {
+    if (voxgig_is_int(padding))
+      p = (int)voxgig_as_int(padding);
+    else if (voxgig_is_double(padding))
+      p = (int)voxgig_as_double(padding);
+  }
+  char pc = ' ';
+  if (voxgig_is_string(padchar) && voxgig_string_len(padchar) > 0)
+    pc = voxgig_as_string(padchar)[0];
+  size_t slen = strlen(s);
+  if (p < 0) {
+    /* Left pad. */
+    int width = -p;
+    if (slen >= (size_t)width)
+      return s;
+    size_t pad = width - slen;
+    char* o = (char*)malloc(width + 1);
+    if (!o)
+      abort();
+    memset(o, pc, pad);
+    memcpy(o + pad, s, slen);
+    o[width] = '\0';
+    free(s);
+    return o;
+  } else {
+    /* Right pad. */
+    if (slen >= (size_t)p)
+      return s;
+    char* o = (char*)realloc(s, p + 1);
+    if (!o)
+      abort();
+    memset(o + slen, pc, p - slen);
+    o[p] = '\0';
+    return o;
+  }
+}
+
+char* voxgig_pathify(voxgig_value* val, int startin, int endin) {
+  /* Determine path: list, string, or number. */
+  voxgig_value* path = NULL;
+  bool path_owned = false;
+  if (voxgig_is_list(val)) {
+    path = val;
+  } else if (voxgig_is_string(val)) {
+    path = voxgig_new_list();
+    path_owned = true;
+    voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(path), voxgig_retain(val));
+  } else if (voxgig_is_number(val)) {
+    path = voxgig_new_list();
+    path_owned = true;
+    voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(path), voxgig_retain(val));
+  }
+
+  int start = startin < 0 ? 0 : startin;
+  int end = endin < 0 ? 0 : endin;
+
+  char* out = NULL;
+  if (path && voxgig_is_list(path)) {
+    voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(path);
+    int64_t plen = (int64_t)l->len;
+    /* path = slice(path, start, path.length - end) */
+    int64_t s = start;
+    int64_t e = plen - end;
+    if (s < 0)
+      s = 0;
+    if (e > plen)
+      e = plen;
+    if (e <= s) {
+      out = xstrdup_s("<root>");
+    } else {
+      /* Build dotted joined string. */
+      char* buf = NULL;
+      size_t len = 0, cap = 0;
+      bool first = true;
+      for (int64_t i = s; i < e; i++) {
+        voxgig_value* p = voxgig_list_get(l, (size_t)i);
+        if (!voxgig_iskey(p))
+          continue;
+        char* part;
+        if (voxgig_is_number(p)) {
+          int64_t n;
+          if (voxgig_is_int(p))
+            n = voxgig_as_int(p);
+          else
+            n = (int64_t)floor(voxgig_as_double(p));
+          part = intstr(n);
+        } else {
+          /* Remove dots from string. */
+          const char* ps = voxgig_as_string(p);
+          size_t pn = voxgig_string_len(p);
+          char* tmp = (char*)malloc(pn + 1);
+          if (!tmp)
+            abort();
+          size_t w = 0;
+          for (size_t k = 0; k < pn; k++) {
+            if (ps[k] != '.')
+              tmp[w++] = ps[k];
+          }
+          tmp[w] = '\0';
+          part = tmp;
+        }
+        if (!first)
+          sb_append_str(&buf, &len, &cap, ".");
+        sb_append_str(&buf, &len, &cap, part);
+        first = false;
+        free(part);
+      }
+      if (!buf)
+        out = xstrdup_s("");
+      else
+        out = buf;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!out) {
+    char* s;
+    if (voxgig_is_undef(val))
+      s = xstrdup_s("");
+    else {
+      char* tmp = voxgig_stringify(val, 47);
+      size_t ln = strlen(tmp) + 32;
+      s = (char*)malloc(ln);
+      snprintf(s, ln, ":%s", tmp);
+      free(tmp);
+    }
+    char* full = (char*)malloc(strlen(s) + 32);
+    snprintf(full, strlen(s) + 32, "<unknown-path%s>", s);
+    free(s);
+    out = full;
+  }
+
+  if (path_owned)
+    voxgig_release(path);
+  return out;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * join
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+char* voxgig_join_v(voxgig_value* arr, voxgig_value* sep, voxgig_value* url) {
+  const char* sepstr = ",";
+  if (voxgig_is_string(sep))
+    sepstr = voxgig_as_string(sep);
+  bool url_mode = voxgig_is_bool(url) && voxgig_as_bool(url);
+  size_t seplen = strlen(sepstr);
+
+  if (!voxgig_is_list(arr))
+    return xstrdup_s("");
+  voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(arr);
+  /* Collect string entries (filter out non-string and empty). */
+  size_t* keepi = (size_t*)malloc(sizeof(size_t) * (l->len + 1));
+  size_t nkeep = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < l->len; i++) {
+    if (voxgig_is_string(l->items[i]) && voxgig_string_len(l->items[i]) > 0) {
+      keepi[nkeep++] = i;
+    }
+  }
+  /* Now process each. */
+  char* result = NULL;
+  size_t rlen = 0, rcap = 0;
+  bool first = true;
+  for (size_t k = 0; k < nkeep; k++) {
+    size_t i = keepi[k];
+    const char* sin = voxgig_as_string(l->items[i]);
+    size_t inlen = voxgig_string_len(l->items[i]);
+    char* s = xstrndup_s(sin, inlen);
+    /* Apply sep-trimming rules. */
+    if (seplen == 1) {
+      char sc = sepstr[0];
+      bool early_return = false;
+      /* URL mode at index 0: strip trailing sep then EARLY-RETURN. */
+      if (url_mode && i == 0) {
+        size_t sl = strlen(s);
+        while (sl > 0 && s[sl - 1] == sc)
+          s[--sl] = '\0';
+        early_return = true;
+      } else {
+        if (i > 0) {
+          /* Strip leading sep. */
+          size_t st = 0;
+          size_t sl = strlen(s);
+          while (st < sl && s[st] == sc)
+            st++;
+          if (st > 0) {
+            memmove(s, s + st, sl - st + 1);
+          }
+        }
+        if (i < l->len - 1 || !url_mode) {
+          size_t sl = strlen(s);
+          while (sl > 0 && s[sl - 1] == sc)
+            s[--sl] = '\0';
+        }
+      }
+      if (!early_return) {
+        /* Collapse "X<sep>+Y" -> "X<sep>Y" — only the FIRST match per the TS
+         * regex which is unanchored and not /g. */
+        size_t sl = strlen(s);
+        char* tmp = (char*)malloc(sl + 1);
+        size_t w = 0;
+        bool replaced = false;
+        for (size_t p = 0; p < sl; p++) {
+          if (!replaced && p > 0 && p < sl - 1 && s[p] == sc && s[p - 1] != sc) {
+            size_t q = p + 1;
+            while (q < sl && s[q] == sc)
+              q++;
+            if (q < sl && q > p + 1 && s[q] != sc) {
+              tmp[w++] = sc;
+              p = q - 1;
+              replaced = true;
+              continue;
+            }
+          }
+          tmp[w++] = s[p];
+        }
+        tmp[w] = '\0';
+        free(s);
+        s = tmp;
+      }
+    }
+    if (strlen(s) > 0) {
+      if (!first)
+        sb_append(&result, &rlen, &rcap, sepstr, seplen);
+      sb_append_str(&result, &rlen, &rcap, s);
+      first = false;
+    }
+    free(s);
+  }
+  free(keepi);
+  if (!result)
+    return xstrdup_s("");
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * jm / jt builders
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_jm_va(int n, voxgig_value** kv) {
+  voxgig_value* o = voxgig_new_map();
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i += 2) {
+    voxgig_value* k = (i < n) ? kv[i] : NULL;
+    voxgig_value* v = (i + 1 < n) ? kv[i + 1] : NULL;
+    char buf[32];
+    char* key;
+    if (voxgig_is_string(k)) {
+      key = xstrdup_s(voxgig_as_string(k));
+    } else if (k) {
+      key = voxgig_stringify(k, -1);
+    } else {
+      snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "$KEY%d", i);
+      key = xstrdup_s(buf);
+    }
+    voxgig_map_set(voxgig_as_map(o), key, v ? voxgig_retain(v) : voxgig_new_null());
+    free(key);
+  }
+  return o;
+}
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_jt_va(int n, voxgig_value** v) {
+  voxgig_value* a = voxgig_new_list();
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(a), v[i] ? voxgig_retain(v[i]) : voxgig_new_null());
+  }
+  return a;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * walk
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+typedef struct walk_state {
+  voxgig_walkapply_fn before;
+  voxgig_walkapply_fn after;
+  int maxdepth;
+  void* ud;
+} walk_state;
+
+/* path_stack: a voxgig_value list of strings; reused/mutated for child calls (per-depth pool). */
+
+static voxgig_value* walk_rec(walk_state* st, voxgig_value* val, voxgig_value* key,
+                              voxgig_value* parent, voxgig_value* path) {
+  int depth = (int)voxgig_list_len(voxgig_as_list(path));
+  voxgig_value* out = val ? voxgig_retain(val) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  if (st->before) {
+    voxgig_value* nval = st->before(key, out, parent, path, st->ud);
+    /* Callback returns a new owned ref; release the prior one unconditionally. */
+    voxgig_release(out);
+    out = nval;
+  }
+
+  int maxd = st->maxdepth;
+  if (maxd == 0 || (maxd > 0 && maxd <= depth)) {
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  if (voxgig_is_node(out)) {
+    /* Build child key list (sorted as keysof returns). */
+    voxgig_strvec keys = voxgig_keysof(out);
+    /* Path push placeholder. */
+    voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(path), voxgig_new_string(""));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < keys.len; i++) {
+      /* Set path[depth] = key. */
+      voxgig_release(voxgig_list_get(voxgig_as_list(path), (size_t)depth));
+      voxgig_as_list(path)->items[depth] = voxgig_new_string(keys.data[i]);
+
+      voxgig_value* ckey;
+      if (voxgig_is_list(out)) {
+        ckey = voxgig_new_int((int64_t)i);
+      } else {
+        ckey = voxgig_new_string(keys.data[i]);
+      }
+      voxgig_value* ckeyv = voxgig_new_string(keys.data[i]);
+      voxgig_value* cp = voxgig_lookup(out, ckeyv);
+      voxgig_value* child = cp ? voxgig_retain(cp) : voxgig_new_undef();
+      voxgig_release(ckeyv);
+
+      voxgig_value* nchild = walk_rec(st, child, ckey, out, path);
+      voxgig_release(child);
+      voxgig_setprop(out, ckey, nchild);
+      voxgig_release(nchild);
+      voxgig_release(ckey);
+    }
+    /* Path pop. */
+    voxgig_release(voxgig_list_get(voxgig_as_list(path), (size_t)depth));
+    voxgig_as_list(path)->len--;
+    voxgig_strvec_free(&keys);
+  }
+
+  if (st->after) {
+    voxgig_value* nval = st->after(key, out, parent, path, st->ud);
+    voxgig_release(out);
+    out = nval;
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_walk(voxgig_value* val, voxgig_walkapply_fn before, voxgig_walkapply_fn after,
+                          int maxdepth, void* ud) {
+  walk_state st;
+  st.before = before;
+  st.after = after;
+  st.maxdepth = (maxdepth >= 0 || maxdepth == INT_MAX) ? maxdepth : VOXGIG_MAXDEPTH;
+  if (maxdepth < 0 && maxdepth != INT_MAX)
+    st.maxdepth = VOXGIG_MAXDEPTH;
+  st.ud = ud;
+  voxgig_value* path = voxgig_new_list();
+  voxgig_value* undef = voxgig_new_undef();
+  voxgig_value* out = walk_rec(&st, val, undef, NULL, path);
+  voxgig_release(undef);
+  voxgig_release(path);
+  return out;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * merge
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+typedef struct merge_state {
+  voxgig_value* cur_stack; /* list */
+  voxgig_value* dst_stack; /* list */
+  int maxdepth;
+} merge_state;
+
+static voxgig_value* merge_before(voxgig_value* key, voxgig_value* val, voxgig_value* parent,
+                                  voxgig_value* path, void* ud) {
+  (void)parent;
+  merge_state* st = (merge_state*)ud;
+  int pI = (int)voxgig_list_len(voxgig_as_list(path));
+
+  if (st->maxdepth <= pI) {
+    /* setprop(cur[pI-1], key, val) */
+    voxgig_value* target = voxgig_list_get(voxgig_as_list(st->cur_stack), pI - 1);
+    if (target)
+      voxgig_setprop(target, key, val);
+    return val ? voxgig_retain(val) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  }
+
+  if (!voxgig_is_node(val)) {
+    /* cur[pI] = val */
+    voxgig_list_set(voxgig_as_list(st->cur_stack), (size_t)pI,
+                    val ? voxgig_retain(val) : voxgig_new_undef());
+    return val ? voxgig_retain(val) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  }
+
+  /* dst[pI] = pI>0 ? getprop(dst[pI-1], key) : dst[pI]; */
+  voxgig_value* tval = NULL;
+  if (pI > 0) {
+    voxgig_value* dp = voxgig_list_get(voxgig_as_list(st->dst_stack), (size_t)(pI - 1));
+    tval = dp ? voxgig_getprop(dp, key, NULL) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  } else {
+    tval = voxgig_retain(voxgig_list_get(voxgig_as_list(st->dst_stack), (size_t)pI));
+  }
+  /* dst[pI] = tval */
+  voxgig_list_set(voxgig_as_list(st->dst_stack), (size_t)pI, voxgig_retain(tval));
+
+  int tvt = voxgig_typify(tval);
+  int valt = voxgig_typify(val);
+
+  if (voxgig_is_undef(tval)) {
+    /* Destination empty; create node unless override is instance. */
+    if (!(VOXGIG_T_INSTANCE & valt)) {
+      voxgig_value* nc = voxgig_is_list(val) ? voxgig_new_list() : voxgig_new_map();
+      voxgig_list_set(voxgig_as_list(st->cur_stack), (size_t)pI, nc);
+    }
+    voxgig_release(tval);
+    return val ? voxgig_retain(val) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  }
+  if (tvt == valt) {
+    voxgig_list_set(voxgig_as_list(st->cur_stack), (size_t)pI, voxgig_retain(tval));
+    voxgig_release(tval);
+    return val ? voxgig_retain(val) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  }
+  /* Override wins. */
+  voxgig_list_set(voxgig_as_list(st->cur_stack), (size_t)pI, voxgig_retain(val));
+  voxgig_release(tval);
+  /* Don't descend; set val to undef. */
+  return voxgig_new_undef();
+}
+
+static voxgig_value* merge_after(voxgig_value* key, voxgig_value* val, voxgig_value* parent,
+                                 voxgig_value* path, void* ud) {
+  (void)val;
+  (void)parent;
+  merge_state* st = (merge_state*)ud;
+  int cI = (int)voxgig_list_len(voxgig_as_list(path));
+  voxgig_value* target = voxgig_list_get(voxgig_as_list(st->cur_stack), (size_t)(cI - 1));
+  voxgig_value* value = voxgig_list_get(voxgig_as_list(st->cur_stack), (size_t)cI);
+  if (target)
+    voxgig_setprop(target, key, value);
+  return val ? voxgig_retain(val) : voxgig_new_undef();
+}
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_merge(voxgig_value* val, int maxdepth) {
+  /* slice(maxdepth ?? MAXDEPTH, 0) — TS numeric slice clamps below 0. */
+  int md = maxdepth;
+  if (md < 0)
+    md = 0;
+  if (md > VOXGIG_MAXDEPTH)
+    md = VOXGIG_MAXDEPTH;
+
+  if (!voxgig_is_list(val))
+    return val ? voxgig_retain(val) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(val);
+  size_t n = l->len;
+  if (n == 0)
+    return voxgig_new_undef();
+  if (n == 1)
+    return voxgig_retain(l->items[0]);
+
+  voxgig_value* out = voxgig_list_get(l, 0);
+  out = out ? voxgig_retain(out) : voxgig_new_map();
+
+  for (size_t oI = 1; oI < n; oI++) {
+    voxgig_value* obj = l->items[oI];
+    if (!voxgig_is_node(obj)) {
+      voxgig_release(out);
+      out = obj ? voxgig_retain(obj) : voxgig_new_undef();
+    } else {
+      merge_state st;
+      st.cur_stack = voxgig_new_list();
+      st.dst_stack = voxgig_new_list();
+      voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(st.cur_stack), voxgig_retain(out));
+      voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(st.dst_stack), voxgig_retain(out));
+      st.maxdepth = md;
+
+      voxgig_value* walked = voxgig_walk(obj, merge_before, merge_after, md, &st);
+      /* out = walk(obj, before, after, maxdepth) — TS reassigns. The walk
+         callbacks update cur[0]; we use cur[0] as the new out. */
+      voxgig_value* newcur = voxgig_list_get(voxgig_as_list(st.cur_stack), 0);
+      if (newcur) {
+        voxgig_release(out);
+        out = voxgig_retain(newcur);
+      }
+      voxgig_release(walked);
+      voxgig_release(st.cur_stack);
+      voxgig_release(st.dst_stack);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (md == 0) {
+    voxgig_value* last = voxgig_list_get(l, n - 1);
+    voxgig_release(out);
+    if (voxgig_is_list(last))
+      out = voxgig_new_list();
+    else if (voxgig_is_map(last))
+      out = voxgig_new_map();
+    else
+      out = last ? voxgig_retain(last) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+/* ===========================================================================
+ * setpath / getpath
+ * ===========================================================================*/
+
+voxgig_value* voxgig_setpath(voxgig_value* store, voxgig_value* path, voxgig_value* val,
+                             voxgig_injection* injdef) {
+  int pt = voxgig_typify(path);
+  voxgig_value* parts = NULL;
+  bool parts_owned = false;
+  if (pt & VOXGIG_T_LIST) {
+    parts = path;
+  } else if (pt & VOXGIG_T_STRING) {
+    parts = voxgig_new_list();
+    parts_owned = true;
+    const char* s = voxgig_as_string(path);
+    size_t n = voxgig_string_len(path);
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (i <= n) {
+      size_t j = i;
+      while (j < n && s[j] != '.')
+        j++;
+      voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(parts), voxgig_new_string_n(s + i, j - i));
+      i = j + 1;
+      if (j == n)
+        break;
+    }
+  } else if (pt & VOXGIG_T_NUMBER) {
+    parts = voxgig_new_list();
+    parts_owned = true;
+    voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(parts), voxgig_retain(path));
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  voxgig_value* base_v = NULL;
+  if (injdef && injdef->base) {
+    base_v = voxgig_map_get(voxgig_as_map(store), injdef->base);
+  }
+  voxgig_value* parent = base_v ? base_v : store;
+
+  size_t nparts = voxgig_list_len(voxgig_as_list(parts));
+  for (size_t pI = 0; pI + 1 < nparts; pI++) {
+    voxgig_value* partKey = voxgig_list_get(voxgig_as_list(parts), pI);
+    voxgig_value* nextParent = voxgig_getprop(parent, partKey, NULL);
+    if (!voxgig_is_node(nextParent)) {
+      voxgig_release(nextParent);
+      voxgig_value* nextKey = voxgig_list_get(voxgig_as_list(parts), pI + 1);
+      int nkt = voxgig_typify(nextKey);
+      nextParent = (nkt & VOXGIG_T_NUMBER) ? voxgig_new_list() : voxgig_new_map();
+      voxgig_setprop(parent, partKey, nextParent);
+      /* nextParent ref ownership: voxgig_setprop retains, so we need to release our own. */
+      voxgig_value* held = nextParent;
+      nextParent = voxgig_getprop(parent, partKey, NULL);
+      voxgig_release(held);
+    }
+    parent = nextParent;
+    /* Release temporary borrowed ref carefully. nextParent was returned with
+       a new ref via voxgig_getprop, so it's owned now; we'll leak refcount unless
+       balanced. Reduce by 1 via release at end of loop. */
+    /* For simplicity, treat parent as borrowed; release at end. */
+  }
+
+  voxgig_value* lastKey = nparts > 0 ? voxgig_list_get(voxgig_as_list(parts), nparts - 1) : NULL;
+  if (val && voxgig_is_delete(val)) {
+    voxgig_delprop(parent, lastKey);
+  } else {
+    voxgig_setprop(parent, lastKey, val);
+  }
+
+  if (parts_owned)
+    voxgig_release(parts);
+  return parent;
+}
+
+/* getpath: see TS reference, lines 1082–1188. */
+voxgig_value* voxgig_getpath(voxgig_value* store, voxgig_value* path, voxgig_injection* injdef) {
+  /* Parse path into string list. */
+  voxgig_strvec parts;
+  voxgig_strvec_init(&parts);
+  bool path_ok = false;
+  if (voxgig_is_list(path)) {
+    voxgig_list* l = voxgig_as_list(path);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < l->len; i++) {
+      char* sk = voxgig_strkey(l->items[i]);
+      voxgig_strvec_push(&parts, sk);
+      free(sk);
+    }
+    path_ok = true;
+  } else if (voxgig_is_string(path)) {
+    const char* s = voxgig_as_string(path);
+    size_t n = voxgig_string_len(path);
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (i <= n) {
+      size_t j = i;
+      while (j < n && s[j] != '.')
+        j++;
+      voxgig_strvec_push_n(&parts, s + i, j - i);
+      i = j + 1;
+      if (j == n)
+        break;
+    }
+    path_ok = true;
+  } else if (voxgig_is_number(path)) {
+    char* sk = voxgig_strkey(path);
+    voxgig_strvec_push(&parts, sk);
+    free(sk);
+    path_ok = true;
+  }
+  if (!path_ok)
+    return voxgig_new_undef();
+
+  voxgig_value* val = store ? voxgig_retain(store) : voxgig_new_undef();
+  voxgig_value* base_v = NULL;
+  if (injdef && injdef->base) {
+    voxgig_value* keyv = voxgig_new_string(injdef->base);
+    base_v = voxgig_getprop(store, keyv, NULL);
+    voxgig_release(keyv);
+  }
+  voxgig_value* src = base_v && !voxgig_is_undef(base_v)
+                          ? base_v
+                          : (store ? voxgig_retain(store) : voxgig_new_undef());
+  if (!base_v || voxgig_is_undef(base_v)) {
+    voxgig_release(base_v);
+  }
+  size_t numparts = parts.len;
+  voxgig_value* dparent =
+      injdef ? (injdef->dparent ? voxgig_retain(injdef->dparent) : voxgig_new_undef())
+             : voxgig_new_undef();
+  bool emptypath = false;
+  if (!path || voxgig_is_undef(path) || !store || (numparts == 1 && parts.data[0][0] == '\0')) {
+    emptypath = true;
+  }
+
+  if (emptypath) {
+    voxgig_release(val);
+    val = voxgig_retain(src);
+  } else if (numparts > 0) {
+    /* Check for $ACTIONs. */
+    if (numparts == 1) {
+      voxgig_value* k = voxgig_new_string(parts.data[0]);
+      voxgig_value* tv = voxgig_getprop(store, k, NULL);
+      voxgig_release(k);
+      voxgig_release(val);
+      val = tv;
+    }
+    if (!voxgig_is_func(val)) {
+      voxgig_release(val);
+      val = voxgig_retain(src);
+
+      /* Meta path regex: ^([^$]+)\$([=~])(.+)$ */
+      if (injdef && injdef->meta && numparts > 0) {
+        const char* p0 = parts.data[0];
+        const char* dol = strchr(p0, '$');
+        if (dol && dol != p0) {
+          char sep = dol[1];
+          if (sep == '=' || sep == '~') {
+            char* lhs = xstrndup_s(p0, dol - p0);
+            char* rhs = xstrdup_s(dol + 2);
+            voxgig_value* k = voxgig_new_string(lhs);
+            voxgig_value* tv = voxgig_getprop(injdef->meta, k, NULL);
+            voxgig_release(k);
+            voxgig_release(val);
+            val = tv;
+            voxgig_strvec_set(&parts, 0, rhs);
+            free(lhs);
+            free(rhs);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (size_t pI = 0; !voxgig_is_undef(val) && pI < numparts; pI++) {
+        char* part = xstrdup_s(parts.data[pI]);
+
+        if (injdef && strcmp(part, "$KEY") == 0) {
+          if (injdef->key) {
+            free(part);
+            part = xstrdup_s(injdef->key);
+          }
+        } else if (injdef && strncmp(part, "$GET:", 5) == 0) {
+          /* $GET:path$ - inner path is part[5..len-1] */
+          size_t pl = strlen(part);
+          if (pl > 5 && part[pl - 1] == '$') {
+            char* inner = xstrndup_s(part + 5, pl - 6);
+            voxgig_value* ipath = voxgig_new_string(inner);
+            free(inner);
+            voxgig_value* iv = voxgig_getpath(src, ipath, NULL);
+            voxgig_release(ipath);
+            free(part);
+            part = voxgig_stringify(iv, -1);
+            voxgig_release(iv);
+          }
+        } else if (injdef && strncmp(part, "$REF:", 5) == 0) {
+          size_t pl = strlen(part);
+          if (pl > 5 && part[pl - 1] == '$') {
+            char* inner = xstrndup_s(part + 5, pl - 6);
+            voxgig_value* spec_key = voxgig_new_string("$SPEC");
+            voxgig_value* spec = voxgig_getprop(store, spec_key, NULL);
+            voxgig_release(spec_key);
+            voxgig_value* ipath = voxgig_new_string(inner);
+            free(inner);
+            voxgig_value* iv = voxgig_getpath(spec, ipath, NULL);
+            voxgig_release(spec);
+            voxgig_release(ipath);
+            free(part);
+            part = voxgig_stringify(iv, -1);
+            voxgig_release(iv);
+          }
+        } else if (injdef && strncmp(part, "$META:", 6) == 0) {
+          size_t pl = strlen(part);
+          if (pl > 6 && part[pl - 1] == '$') {
+            char* inner = xstrndup_s(part + 6, pl - 7);
+            voxgig_value* ipath = voxgig_new_string(inner);
+            free(inner);
+            voxgig_value* iv = voxgig_getpath(injdef->meta, ipath, NULL);
+            voxgig_release(ipath);
+            free(part);
+            part = voxgig_stringify(iv, -1);
+            voxgig_release(iv);
+          }
+        }
+
+        /* $$ escapes $ */
+        char* unescaped = voxgig_replace_str(part, "$$", "$");
+        free(part);
+        part = unescaped;
+
+        if (part[0] == '\0') {
+          int ascends = 0;
+          while (pI + 1 < numparts && parts.data[pI + 1][0] == '\0') {
+            ascends++;
+            pI++;
+          }
+          if (injdef && ascends > 0) {
+            if (pI == numparts - 1)
+              ascends--;
+            if (ascends == 0) {
+              voxgig_release(val);
+              val = dparent ? voxgig_retain(dparent) : voxgig_new_undef();
+            } else {
+              /* fullpath = flatten([slice(dpath, -ascends), parts.slice(pI+1)])
+               * NOTE: TS slice with negative start clamps via end = vlen+start, so
+               * slice(arr, -ascends) keeps the FIRST (vlen-ascends) elements. */
+              voxgig_value* fp = voxgig_new_list();
+              int dpathlen = (int)(injdef ? injdef->dpath.len : 0);
+              int dend = dpathlen - ascends;
+              if (dend < 0)
+                dend = 0;
+              for (int di = 0; di < dend; di++) {
+                voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(fp), voxgig_new_string(injdef->dpath.data[di]));
+              }
+              for (size_t pj = pI + 1; pj < numparts; pj++) {
+                voxgig_list_push(voxgig_as_list(fp), voxgig_new_string(parts.data[pj]));
+              }
+              if (ascends <= dpathlen) {
+                voxgig_release(val);
+                val = voxgig_getpath(store, fp, NULL);
+              } else {
+                voxgig_release(val);
+                val = voxgig_new_undef();
+              }
+              voxgig_release(fp);
+              free(part);
+              break;
+            }
+          } else {
+            voxgig_release(val);
+            val = dparent ? voxgig_retain(dparent) : voxgig_new_undef();
+          }
+        } else {
+          voxgig_value* k = voxgig_new_string(part);
+          voxgig_value* nv = voxgig_lookup(val, k);
+          voxgig_release(k);
+          voxgig_value* tv = nv ? voxgig_retain(nv) : voxgig_new_undef();
+          voxgig_release(val);
+          val = tv;
+        }
+        free(part);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  voxgig_release(dparent);
+  voxgig_release(src);
+  voxgig_strvec_free(&parts);
+
+  /* Handler from injdef. */
+  if (injdef && injdef->handler_val && voxgig_is_func(injdef->handler_val)) {
+    char* ref = voxgig_pathify(path, 0, 0);
+    voxgig_value* tv =
+        injdef->handler_val->as.fn.fn.inj(injdef, val, ref, store, injdef->handler_val->as.fn.ud);
+    free(ref);
+    voxgig_release(val);
+    val = tv;
+  }
+
+  return val ? val : voxgig_new_undef();
+}