@volter/twin-stripe 2.0.38 → 3.0.0

package/src/semantics/balance.ts

@@ -1,209 +1,8 @@
-// Balance and payout semantics. The balance is computed from the balance-transaction ledger (./ledger.ts), never
-// stored: funds past their available_on are available, the rest pending, and Issuing funds their own section. The
-// balance, the payouts and the ledger are the acting account's: the platform's, or a connected account's under the
-// Stripe-Account header. A payout comes out of what that account has available and goes to its bank account, which a
-// connected account must have (docs.stripe.com/connect/payouts-connected-accounts). A pending payout can be canceled,
-// which returns its money; a connected account's paid payout can be reversed, which debits its bank account back
-// into its balance (docs.stripe.com/api/payouts/reverse). The machine in ../manifest.ts says how a payout's status
-// moves.
-//
-// Stripe also pays each account out on its own schedule (settings.payouts.schedule: daily by default, weekly or monthly
-// on an anchor, or manual): an automatic payout takes what has become available since the last one, and the ledger
-// lists the entries it paid (docs.stripe.com/payouts#payout-schedule, docs.stripe.com/connect/manage-payout-schedule).
-// A connected account is paid out once it can be (payouts_enabled, with a bank account).
-//
-// Where the documentation stops and the twin decides: a payout arrives two days after it is made (Stripe's standard
-// US schedule counts business days) and reads paid from then on; an automatic payout is made at midnight UTC on the
-// first scheduled day on or after its funds become available, only when what it would pay is positive.
-import type { Semantics, SemanticsContext } from '@volter/world-core';
-import { validateMoney } from '../stripe-twin.ts';
-import { accountSettings, PLATFORM_ACCOUNT_ID } from '../stripe-twin.ts';
-import { actingAccount, balanceOf, refusePayout, settleAutomaticPayout, settlePayout, unpaidEntries } from './ledger.ts';
-import { at, at_, created, fail, inRange, list, newest, send, where, type Row, kept } from './shared.ts';
+// Stripe's balance operations (docs/contributing/architecture.md, "What an author writes"): each handler over the
+// handler contract's context, computing with the engine (../engine/).
+import type { HandlerContext } from '@volter/world-core';
+import { balanceBody } from './shared.ts';
 
-const account = actingAccount;
-const DAY = 86_400;
-const payoutMissing = (ctx: SemanticsContext, id: string): Response => fail(ctx, `No such payout: '${id}'`, 404, 'resource_missing');
-
-/** The acting account's Balance object (docs.stripe.com/api/balance/balance_object). */
-export function balanceBody(ctx: SemanticsContext): Row {
-  const { available, pending, issuing } = balanceOf(ctx);
-  const toArr = (m: Map<string, number>) => {
-    const out = [...m.entries()].map(([currency, amount]) => ({ amount, currency, source_types: { card: amount } }));
-    return out.length ? out : [{ amount: 0, currency: 'usd', source_types: { card: 0 } }];
-  };
-  // a platform's balance holds its connected accounts' reserve, "Funds held due to negative balances on connected accounts
-  // where account.controller.requirement_collection is `application`" (docs.stripe.com/api/balance/balance_object, whose
-  // example answers `[{"amount": 0, "currency": "usd"}]`); the twin models no such reserve, so it is zero in each currency
-  const reserved = account(ctx) ? {} : { connect_reserved: toArr(available).map((b) => ({ amount: 0, currency: b.currency })) };
-  return {
-    object: 'balance', available: toArr(available), pending: toArr(pending), ...reserved, livemode: false,
-    ...(issuing.size ? { issuing: { available: [...issuing.entries()].map(([currency, amount]) => ({ amount, currency, source_types: { card: amount } })) } } : {}),
-  };
-}
-
-const balance: Semantics = async (ctx) => ctx.reply(balanceBody(ctx));
-
-/** Time's arrivals, written: each of the acting account's payouts whose arrival date has come moves pending → paid
- *  (the clock's move, as asOf reads it), written as `payout.paid`, the event Stripe sends for it. Answers their ids. */
-export async function payDuePayouts(ctx: SemanticsContext): Promise<string[]> {
-  const acct = account(ctx);
-  const now = Number(ctx.now());
-  const paid: string[] = [];
-  for (const p of newest(ctx, 'payout')) {
-    if ((acct ? kept(ctx, 'payout', p, '_account') !== acct : !!kept(ctx, 'payout', p, '_account')) || p.status !== 'pending' || Number(p.arrival_date) > now) continue;
-    if (ctx.legal('payout', 'status', ctx.call.operation.id, 'pending', 'paid', String(p.id), 'time')) continue;
-    await ctx.write('payout', String(p.id), { status: 'paid' }, 'payout.paid');
-    paid.push(String(p.id));
-  }
-  return paid;
-}
-
-/** Where a connected account's payout goes: "ID of the bank account or card the payout is sent to" (served spec,
- *  payout.destination), its default external account for the currency, "When multiple accounts are available for a given
- *  currency, Stripe uses the one set as `default_for_currency`" (docs.stripe.com/connect/payouts-bank-accounts), the
- *  newest such. Where the documentation stops and the twin decides: the platform's own bank account is not modelled, so
- *  its payouts name none. */
-function payoutBank(ctx: SemanticsContext, account: string, currency: string): string | null {
-  const banks = newest(ctx, 'external_account').filter((e) => e.account === account && String(e.currency ?? currency) === currency);
-  return String((banks.find((e) => e.default_for_currency === true) ?? banks[0])?.id ?? '') || null;
-}
-
-const payoutDefaults = (ctx: SemanticsContext): Row => ({
-  method: 'standard', type: 'bank_account', source_type: 'card', automatic: false,
-  reconciliation_status: 'not_applicable', arrival_date: Number(ctx.now()) + 2 * DAY, livemode: false, metadata: {},
-});
-
-/** A payout as the clock reads it: paid once its arrival date has come, the clock's move, asked of the
- *  machine as a write asks it. */
-function asOf(ctx: SemanticsContext, p: Row): Row {
-  if (p.status !== 'pending' || Number(p.arrival_date) > Number(ctx.now())) return p;
-  ctx.legal('payout', 'status', ctx.call.operation.id, 'pending', 'paid', String(p.id), 'time');
-  return { ...p, status: 'paid' };
-}
-
-/** A connected account's payout in a currency none of its bank accounts takes. */
-function noExternalAccount(ctx: SemanticsContext, currency: string): Response {
-  return fail(ctx, `Sorry, you don't have any external accounts in that currency (${currency}).`, 400);
+export async function GetBalance(ctx: HandlerContext): Promise<Response> {
+  return ctx.reply(balanceBody(ctx));
 }
-
-const createPayout: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const bad = validateMoney(ctx.params);
-  if (bad) return send(ctx, bad);
-  const acct = account(ctx);
-  if (acct && !ctx.get('account', acct)) return fail(ctx, `No such account: '${acct}'`, 400, 'account_invalid');
-  const amount = Math.trunc(Number(ctx.params.amount) || 0);
-  const currency = String(ctx.params.currency ?? 'usd');
-  // a connected account is paid out to its own bank account
-  if (acct && !ctx.rows('external_account').some((e) => e.account === acct && (e.currency ?? currency) === currency)) return noExternalAccount(ctx, currency);
-  const refused = refusePayout(ctx, amount, currency);
-  if (refused) return refused;
-  const id = ctx.mint('payout');
-  const bt = await settlePayout(ctx, id, -amount, currency);
-  return ctx.reply(await created(ctx, 'payout', { ...ctx.params, id }, { status: 'pending', ...payoutDefaults(ctx), balance_transaction: bt, destination: acct ? payoutBank(ctx, acct, currency) : null, ...(acct ? { _account: acct } : {}) }));
-};
-
-const listPayouts: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const acct = account(ctx);
-  const scoped = newest(ctx, 'payout').filter((p) => (acct ? kept(ctx, 'payout', p, '_account') === acct : !kept(ctx, 'payout', p, '_account'))).map((p) => asOf(ctx, p));
-  return list(ctx, 'payout', where(ctx, scoped, { status: (p, v) => p.status === v, created: (p, v) => inRange(p.created, v), arrival_date: (p, v) => inRange(p.arrival_date, v) }));
-};
-
-const DAYS = ['sunday', 'monday', 'tuesday', 'wednesday', 'thursday', 'friday', 'saturday'];
-/** The first scheduled payout time on or after `from`: midnight UTC of a day the schedule pays out on. */
-function payoutDay(from: number, schedule: Row): number {
-  const first = Math.ceil(from / DAY) * DAY;
-  const pays = (day: number): boolean => {
-    const d = new Date(day * 1000);
-    if (schedule.interval === 'weekly') return DAYS[d.getUTCDay()] === String(schedule.weekly_anchor ?? 'monday');
-    if (schedule.interval === 'monthly') return d.getUTCDate() === Math.min(Number(schedule.monthly_anchor ?? 1), new Date(Date.UTC(d.getUTCFullYear(), d.getUTCMonth() + 1, 0)).getUTCDate());
-    return true;
-  };
-  return Array.from({ length: 62 }, (_, i) => first + i * DAY).find(pays) ?? first;
-}
-
-/** Time's payouts, caught up to the World's clock: each account on an automatic schedule is paid out, on each of its
- *  scheduled days that has come, what became available by then. */
-export async function advancePayouts(ctx: SemanticsContext): Promise<void> {
-  const now = Number(ctx.now());
-  const platform = ctx.get('account', PLATFORM_ACCOUNT_ID);
-  const accounts: Array<{ id: string | undefined; settings: unknown }> = [{ id: undefined, settings: platform?.settings }];
-  for (const a of ctx.rows('account')) {
-    if (a.id === PLATFORM_ACCOUNT_ID || a.payouts_enabled !== true) continue;
-    if (!ctx.rows('external_account').some((e) => e.account === a.id)) continue;
-    accounts.push({ id: String(a.id), settings: a.settings });
-  }
-  for (const acct of accounts) {
-    const schedule = ((accountSettings(acct.settings, (acct.settings as Row | undefined) ?? undefined).payouts as Row).schedule ?? {}) as Row;
-    if (schedule.interval === 'manual') continue;
-    const unpaid = unpaidEntries(ctx, acct.id);
-    const days = [...new Set(unpaid.map((t) => payoutDay(Number(t.available_on) || 0, schedule)))].filter((d) => d <= now).sort((x, y) => x - y);
-    const paid = new Set<unknown>();
-    for (const day of days) {
-      const due = unpaid.filter((t) => !paid.has(t.id) && (Number(t.available_on) || 0) <= day);
-      const byCurrency = new Map<string, Row[]>();
-      for (const t of due) byCurrency.set(String(t.currency ?? 'usd'), [...(byCurrency.get(String(t.currency ?? 'usd')) ?? []), t]);
-      for (const [currency, entries] of byCurrency) {
-        const amount = entries.reduce((n, t) => n + (Number(t.net) || 0), 0);
-        // nothing to pay yet: what came due is carried to the next payout
-        if (amount <= 0) continue;
-        // made on its day, as Stripe makes it, whenever the request that catches it up comes
-        const c = await at_(ctx)(day);
-        const id = c.mint('payout');
-        const bt = await settleAutomaticPayout(c, id, amount, currency, acct.id, day, entries);
-        await created(c, 'payout', { id, amount, currency }, {
-          status: 'pending', ...payoutDefaults(c), arrival_date: day + 2 * DAY, automatic: true, balance_transaction: bt, destination: acct.id ? payoutBank(c, String(acct.id), currency) : null,
-          description: 'STRIPE PAYOUT', ...(acct.id ? { _account: acct.id } : {}),
-        });
-        for (const t of entries) paid.add(t.id);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-const retrievePayout: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const p = ctx.get('payout', at(ctx, 'payout'));
-  return p ? ctx.reply(asOf(ctx, p)) : payoutMissing(ctx, at(ctx, 'payout'));
-};
-
-const cancelPayout: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const id = at(ctx, 'payout');
-  const po = ctx.get('payout', id);
-  if (!po) return payoutMissing(ctx, id);
-  const refused = ctx.legal('payout', 'status', 'PostPayoutsPayoutCancel', asOf(ctx, po).status, undefined, id);
-  if (refused) return ctx.refuse(refused);
-  // the money comes back to the balance it left
-  const owner = kept(ctx, 'payout', po, '_account');
-  await settlePayout(ctx, id, Number(po.amount) || 0, String(po.currency ?? 'usd'), typeof owner === 'string' ? owner : null);
-  return ctx.reply(await ctx.write('payout', id, { status: 'canceled' }, 'payout.cancel'));
-};
-
-// a reversal is itself a payout in the other direction, back into the connected account's balance, as the reverse page's
-// example answers it: a negative amount, pending until it arrives, carrying the request's metadata
-// (docs.stripe.com/api/payouts/reverse); the original stays paid and names it
-const reversePayout: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const id = at(ctx, 'payout');
-  const po = ctx.get('payout', id);
-  if (!po) return payoutMissing(ctx, id);
-  const owner = kept(ctx, 'payout', po, '_account');
-  if (typeof owner !== 'string') return fail(ctx, "Payout reversals are only supported for payouts to connected accounts' bank accounts.", 400);
-  const status = String(asOf(ctx, po).status);
-  if (po.reversed_by || status !== 'paid') return ctx.refuse({ status: 400, code: 'payout_reversal_not_allowed', message: po.reversed_by ? 'This payout has already been reversed.' : `This payout cannot be reversed because it has a status of ${status}. A pending payout can be canceled instead.` });
-  const reversalId = ctx.mint('payout');
-  const bt = await settlePayout(ctx, reversalId, Number(po.amount) || 0, String(po.currency ?? 'usd'), owner);
-  const metadata = ctx.params.metadata && typeof ctx.params.metadata === 'object' ? { metadata: ctx.params.metadata } : {};
-  const reversal = await created(ctx, 'payout', { id: reversalId, amount: -(Number(po.amount) || 0), currency: po.currency, ...metadata }, {
-    status: 'pending', ...payoutDefaults(ctx), balance_transaction: bt, original_payout: id, destination: po.destination ?? null, _account: owner,
-  });
-  await ctx.write('payout', id, { reversed_by: reversal.id }, 'payout.reversed');
-  return ctx.reply(reversal);
-};
-
-export const balances: Record<string, Semantics> = {
-  GetBalance: balance,
-  PostPayouts: createPayout,
-  GetPayouts: listPayouts,
-  GetPayoutsPayout: retrievePayout,
-  PostPayoutsPayoutCancel: cancelPayout,
-  PostPayoutsPayoutReverse: reversePayout,
-};

package/src/semantics/balance_transactions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Stripe's balance_transactions operations (docs/contributing/architecture.md, "What an author writes"): each handler over the
+// handler contract's context, computing with the engine (../engine/).
+import type { HandlerContext } from '@volter/world-core';
+import { inRange } from '../engine/common.ts';
+import { BT } from '../engine/ledger.ts';
+import { at, commonAsOf, kept, list, mine, newest, where } from './shared.ts';
+
+export async function GetBalanceTransactions(ctx: HandlerContext): Promise<Response> {
+  const own = mine(ctx);
+  return list(ctx, BT, where(ctx, newest(ctx, BT).filter((t) => own.has(t.id)).map((t) => commonAsOf(ctx, t)), {
+    type: (t, v) => t.type === v,
+    currency: (t, v) => t.currency === v,
+    source: (t, v) => t.source === v,
+    // an automatic payout lists the entries it paid out, its own debit among them
+    payout: (t, v) => t.source === v || kept(ctx, BT, t, '_payout') === v,
+    // a range of creation times (docs.stripe.com/api/balance_transactions/list#balance_transaction_list-created)
+    created: (t, v) => inRange(t.created, v),
+  }));
+}
+

package/src/semantics/billing_portal.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Stripe's billing_portal operations (docs/contributing/architecture.md, "What an author writes"): each handler over the
+// handler contract's context, computing with the engine (../engine/).
+import type { HandlerContext } from '@volter/world-core';
+import { filled, PBC, PORTAL_FEATURES } from '../engine/files.ts';
+import { asBool, nowUnix } from '../engine/stripe.ts';
+import { actingAccount, at, created, fail, list, mergeUpdate, newest, where } from './shared.ts';
+
+export async function GetBillingPortalConfigurations(ctx: HandlerContext): Promise<Response> {
+  return list(ctx, PBC, where(ctx, newest(ctx, PBC), {
+    active: (c, v) => asBool(c.active) === asBool(v),
+    is_default: (c, v) => asBool(c.is_default) === asBool(v),
+  }));
+}
+
+export async function PostBillingPortalConfigurations(ctx: HandlerContext): Promise<Response> {
+  return ctx.reply(
+    await created(ctx, PBC, { ...ctx.params, business_profile: filled({ headline: null, privacy_policy_url: null, terms_of_service_url: null }, ctx.params.business_profile), features: filled(PORTAL_FEATURES, ctx.params.features) }, {
+      active: true, is_default: false, livemode: false,
+      login_page: { enabled: false, url: null },
+      metadata: {}, default_return_url: ctx.params.default_return_url ?? null,
+      updated: nowUnix(ctx.occurredAt),
+    }),
+  );
+}
+
+export async function PostBillingPortalConfigurationsConfiguration(ctx: HandlerContext): Promise<Response> {
+  const id = at(ctx, 'configuration');
+  if (!ctx.get(PBC, id)) return ctx.notFound(PBC, id);
+  return ctx.reply(await ctx.write(PBC, id, mergeUpdate(ctx, PBC, id, { ...ctx.params, updated: nowUnix(ctx.occurredAt) }), 'billing_portal.configuration.update'));
+}
+
+// ── the customer portal ──
+
+// the configuration defaults to the account's default one
+export async function PostBillingPortalSessions(ctx: HandlerContext): Promise<Response> {
+  const customer = typeof ctx.params.customer === 'string' ? ctx.params.customer : '';
+  if (!customer) return fail(ctx, 'Missing required param: customer.', 400, 'parameter_missing');
+  if (!ctx.row('customer', customer, { withDeleted: true })) return fail(ctx, `No such customer: '${customer}'`, 404, 'resource_missing');
+  const configuration = typeof ctx.params.configuration === 'string' && ctx.params.configuration
+    ? ctx.params.configuration
+    : (ctx.rowsRaw('billing_portal.configuration', { withDeleted: true }).find((c) => c.is_default)?.id ?? 'bpc_twin_default');
+  const id = ctx.mint('billing_portal.session');
+  return ctx.reply(
+    await created(ctx, 'billing_portal.session', {
+      id, customer, configuration, return_url: ctx.params.return_url ?? null, url: `https://billing.stripe.com/p/session/${id}`,
+      locale: ctx.params.locale ?? null, on_behalf_of: ctx.params.on_behalf_of ?? null, livemode: false,
+      // the account the session was made on (Stripe-Account), whose name the portal shows (screens/billing-portal.tsx)
+      ...(actingAccount(ctx) ? { _brand_account: actingAccount(ctx) } : {}),
+    }, {}),
+  );
+}

package/src/semantics/charges.ts

@@ -1,220 +1,21 @@
-// Charge semantics. The machine in ../manifest.ts says a charge is captured once; these handlers
-// compute the money: a charge's `refunds` sub-list is derived on every read from the refunds that
-// point at it, never a stored snapshot, while the cumulative `amount_refunded` / `refunded` stay
-// stored (a partial capture moves them for a reason that is also a Refund row).
-import type { Semantics, SemanticsContext } from '@volter/world-core';
-import { asBool, cardError, chargeDefaults, declineFor, searchOver, validateMoney } from '../stripe-twin.ts';
-import { afterCharge } from './after-payment.ts';
-import { settleCharge } from './ledger.ts';
-import { paymentMethodDetails } from './payment-methods.ts';
-import { refundCharge } from './refunds.ts';
-import { at, created, expanded, fail, finder, list, newest, path, refundDestination, send, where, type Row } from './shared.ts';
-
-const chargeMissing = (ctx: SemanticsContext, id: string): Response => fail(ctx, `No such charge: '${id}'`, 404, 'resource_missing');
-
-/** Every egress of a charge carries its refunds, derived from the refund rows in list order. */
-export function chargeBody(ctx: SemanticsContext, c: Row): Row {
-  const data = newest(ctx, 'refund').filter((r) => r.charge === c.id);
-  return { ...c, refunds: { object: 'list', data, has_more: false, total_count: data.length, url: `/v1/charges/${String(c.id)}/refunds` } };
-}
-
-// A charge is written as the event Stripe sends for it (docs.stripe.com/api/events/types; Stripe has no
-// `charge.created`): charge.succeeded, "Occurs whenever a charge is successful", for one made or authorized
-// (capture=false: its status is succeeded, captured false), and charge.failed, "Occurs whenever a failed charge attempt
-// occurs", for a declined attempt. The twin makes no pending charge (charge.pending, "Occurs whenever a pending charge is
-// created"): its charges settle when made.
-/** The create's parameters as the charge keeps them: without `card`, the request's card details ("A token, like the ones
- *  returned by Stripe.js", or a hash of the number, expiry and CVC). The Charge object has no `card` property (served
- *  spec, charge); the card it was made with is its payment_method_details. Kept, it answered the card's full number and
- *  CVC back on every read of the charge. */
-function withoutCard(params: Row): Row {
-  const { card: _card, ...rest } = params;
-  return rest;
-}
-
-/** A Charges-API charge a declining test card refuses: a 402 card_error naming the failed charge Stripe records for the
- *  attempt (docs.stripe.com/declines). */
-async function declinedCharge(ctx: SemanticsContext, decline: { code: string; decline_code?: string; message: string }): Promise<Response> {
-  const params = ctx.params;
-  const failedId = ctx.mint('charge');
-  const amount = Number(params.amount) || 0;
-  await created(ctx, 'charge', { ...withoutCard(params), id: failedId }, {
-    ...chargeDefaults(failedId, amount, false, ctx.occurredAt), status: 'failed', paid: false, captured: false, capture_before: null,
-    failure_code: decline.code, failure_message: decline.message, balance_transaction: null,
-    outcome: { type: 'issuer_declined', network_status: 'declined_by_network', reason: decline.decline_code ?? decline.code, risk_level: 'normal', seller_message: 'The bank did not return any further details with this decline.' },
-    payment_method_details: paymentMethodDetails(ctx, params.payment_method ?? params.source ?? params.card) ?? null,
-  }, { operation: 'charge.failed' });
-  return send(ctx, cardError(decline, { charge: failedId }));
-}
-
-/** A charge's fraud report: "user_report … Assessments reported by you. If set, possible values of are `safe` and
- *  `fraudulent`" (docs.stripe.com/api/charges/object, fraud_details). */
-function fraudReport(ctx: SemanticsContext, existing: Row, fd: Row): Row | Response {
-  const report = String(fd.user_report);
-  if (report !== 'safe' && report !== 'fraudulent') return fail(ctx, "Invalid fraud_details[user_report]: must be 'safe' or 'fraudulent'.", 400, 'parameter_invalid_string_enum');
-  const prior = existing.fraud_details && typeof existing.fraud_details === 'object' ? (existing.fraud_details as Row) : {};
-  return { user_report: report, stripe_report: prior.stripe_report ?? null };
-}
-
-const create: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const params = ctx.params;
-  const bad = validateMoney(params);
-  if (bad) return send(ctx, bad);
-  // a declining test card answers a 402 card_error naming the failed charge Stripe records for the attempt
-  const decline = declineFor(finder(ctx), params);
-  if (decline) return declinedCharge(ctx, decline);
-  // capture=false authorizes only: succeeded and paid, but not captured, with a capture deadline
-  const captured = !(params.capture !== undefined && !asBool(params.capture));
-  // the id comes first so the charge's own `refunds` list can carry its URL
-  const id = typeof params.id === 'string' && params.id ? params.id : ctx.mint('charge');
-  const amount = Number(params.amount) || 0;
-  // a captured charge credits the balance; an authorization does when it is captured
-  const card = String(params.source ?? params.payment_method ?? (params.card as Row | undefined)?.number ?? '');
-  const bt = captured ? await settleCharge(ctx, id, amount, String(params.currency ?? 'usd'), card) : null;
-  const details = paymentMethodDetails(ctx, params.payment_method ?? params.source ?? params.card);
-  await created(ctx, 'charge', { ...withoutCard(params), id }, { ...chargeDefaults(id, amount, captured, ctx.occurredAt), balance_transaction: bt, payment_method_details: details ?? null }, { operation: 'charge.succeeded' });
-  await afterCharge(ctx, id, { amount, currency: String(params.currency ?? 'usd'), application_fee_amount: params.application_fee_amount, destination: (params.transfer_data as Row | undefined)?.destination }, params.payment_method ?? params.source ?? params.card);
-  return ctx.reply(chargeBody(ctx, ctx.get('charge', id)!));
-};
-
-// capture takes `amount` (the whole authorization by default; docs.stripe.com/api/charges/capture); the rest of a
-// partial capture is released with no Refund (captureAuthorization). `amount_to_capture` is the
-// PaymentIntent capture's parameter, which a charge's capture does not know.
-const capture: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const id = at(ctx, 'charge');
-  const ch = ctx.get('charge', id);
-  if (!ch) return chargeMissing(ctx, id);
-  const refused = ctx.legal('charge', 'captured', 'PostChargesChargeCapture', ch.captured === true ? 'true' : 'false', undefined, id);
-  if (refused) return ctx.refuse(refused);
-  // "Capturing a charge will always succeed, unless the charge is already refunded, expired, captured, or an invalid
-  // capture amount is specified" (docs.stripe.com/api/charges/capture): a released authorization is refunded
-  if (ch.refunded === true) return fail(ctx, `Charge ${id} has already been refunded.`, 400, 'charge_already_refunded');
-  // a canceled PaymentIntent's authorization is released: "After it's canceled, no additional charges are made by the
-  // PaymentIntent and any operations on the PaymentIntent fail with an error" (docs.stripe.com/api/payment_intents/cancel).
-  // Where the documentation stops and the twin decides: its charge's capture answers payment_intent_unexpected_state
-  // ("The PaymentIntent's state was incompatible with the operation", docs.stripe.com/error-codes), in the twin's words.
-  const intent = typeof ch.payment_intent === 'string' ? ctx.get('payment_intent', ch.payment_intent) : undefined;
-  if (intent?.status === 'canceled') return fail(ctx, `Charge ${id} belongs to PaymentIntent ${String(intent.id)}, which is canceled; its authorization was released.`, 400, 'payment_intent_unexpected_state');
-  const full = Number(ch.amount) || 0;
-  const toCapture = ctx.params.amount !== undefined ? Math.min(full, Math.max(0, Math.trunc(Number(ctx.params.amount) || 0))) : full;
-  return ctx.reply(chargeBody(ctx, await captureAuthorization(ctx, ch, toCapture, 'PostChargesChargeCapture')));
-};
-
-/** A capture=false charge refunded while uncaptured: its authorization is released by the refund, as it would be
- *  "automatically refunded if uncaptured" (spec/openapi.json.gz, `capture_before`). The charge stays uncaptured and
- *  becomes refunded in full, a Refund records the release, and no money moves: none was ever received. Written as
- *  charge.refunded. Where the documentation stops and the twin decides: Stripe's basil change ("Partially capturing or
- *  canceling payments no longer creates a Refund", docs.stripe.com/changelog/basil/2025-03-31/remove-refund-from-partial-
- *  capture-and-payment-cancellation-flow) names partial capture and cancellation, not a refund asked for, so a refund
- *  still makes one; its reason is null and it has no balance transaction. Answers the Refund. */
-export async function releaseAuthorization(ctx: SemanticsContext, ch: Row, operationId: string, given: Row = {}): Promise<Row> {
-  const id = String(ch.id);
-  const full = Number(ch.amount) || 0;
-  if (ch.refunded !== true) ctx.legal('charge', 'refunded', operationId, 'false', 'true', id);
-  const refund = await created(ctx, 'refund', { ...given, charge: id, amount: full - (Number(ch.amount_refunded) || 0), currency: String(ch.currency ?? 'usd') }, {
-    status: 'succeeded', metadata: {}, reason: null, receipt_number: null,
-    balance_transaction: null, source_transfer_reversal: null, transfer_reversal: null, ...refundDestination(ch, 'reversal'),
-    ...(typeof ch.payment_intent === 'string' ? { payment_intent: ch.payment_intent } : {}),
-  });
-  await ctx.write('charge', id, { amount_refunded: full, refunded: true }, 'charge.refunded');
-  return refund;
-}
-
-/** A PaymentIntent's authorization released by its cancel: "For PaymentIntents with a `status` of `requires_capture`, the
- *  remaining `amount_capturable` is automatically refunded" (docs.stripe.com/api/payment_intents/cancel), and since basil
- *  a cancellation makes no Refund: "`amount_captured` will be 0 instead of `nil` in payment cancellation flows",
- *  "`amount_refunded` will no longer be updated by these actions", "`refunded` will no longer be `true` for payment
- *  cancellation flows", and no charge.refunded is sent (docs.stripe.com/changelog/basil/2025-03-31/remove-refund-from-
- *  partial-capture-and-payment-cancellation-flow). The charge stays uncaptured; nothing is written as an event. */
-export async function cancelAuthorization(ctx: SemanticsContext, ch: Row): Promise<Row> {
-  return ctx.write('charge', String(ch.id), { amount_captured: 0 }, 'charge.authorization_released');
-}
-
-/** An authorized charge captured, by the charge's capture or its PaymentIntent's: what is captured credits the balance.
- *  Written as charge.captured, "Occurs whenever a previously uncaptured charge is captured" (docs.stripe.com/api/events/types).
- *  A partial capture releases the rest with no Refund and leaves amount_refunded and refunded as they were: "The following
- *  flows no longer result in a `Refund` object created and linked to the payment: Partial capture", "`amount_refunded`
- *  will no longer be updated by these actions", and "There will only be a single balance transaction for partial captures"
- *  (docs.stripe.com/changelog/basil/2025-03-31/remove-refund-from-partial-capture-and-payment-cancellation-flow).
- *  The caller has asked the machine whether it may capture. */
-export async function captureAuthorization(ctx: SemanticsContext, ch: Row, toCapture: number, _operationId: string): Promise<Row> {
-  const id = String(ch.id);
-  const bt = toCapture > 0 ? await settleCharge(ctx, id, toCapture, String(ch.currency ?? 'usd'), String(ch.source ?? ch.payment_method ?? '')) : null;
-  return ctx.write('charge', id, { captured: true, amount_captured: toCapture, balance_transaction: bt }, 'charge.captured');
-}
-
-const listCharges: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
+// Stripe's charges operations (docs/contributing/architecture.md, "What an author writes"): each handler over the
+// handler contract's context, computing with the engine (../engine/).
+import type { HandlerContext } from '@volter/world-core';
+import { withoutCard } from '../engine/charges.ts';
+import type { Row } from '../engine/common.ts';
+import { asBool, chargeDefaults, declineFor, searchOver, validateMoney } from '../engine/stripe.ts';
+import { afterCharge, at, captureAuthorization, chargeBody, chargeMissing, chargeRefund, created, declinedCharge, expanded, fail, finder, fraudReport, list, newest, path, paymentMethodDetails, refundCharge, send, settleCharge, where } from './shared.ts';
+
+export async function GetCharges(ctx: HandlerContext): Promise<Response> {
   const items = where(ctx, newest(ctx, 'charge'), {
     customer: (c, v) => c.customer === v,
     payment_intent: (c, v) => c.payment_intent === v,
   });
   return list(ctx, 'charge', items.map((c) => chargeBody(ctx, c)));
-};
-
-const searchCharges: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const found = searchOver(newest(ctx, 'charge'), ctx.params, path(ctx));
-  const body = found.body as { data?: Row[] };
-  if (found.status === 200 && Array.isArray(body.data)) body.data = body.data.map((c) => chargeBody(ctx, c));
-  return send(ctx, found);
-};
+}
 
-const retrieve: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
+export async function GetChargesCharge(ctx: HandlerContext): Promise<Response> {
   const c = ctx.get('charge', at(ctx, 'charge'));
   return c ? ctx.reply(expanded(ctx, 'charge', chargeBody(ctx, c))) : chargeMissing(ctx, at(ctx, 'charge'));
-};
-
-// fraud_details[user_report] marks a charge safe or fraudulent; Stripe keeps its own stripe_report
-const update: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const id = at(ctx, 'charge');
-  const existing = ctx.get('charge', id);
-  if (!existing) return chargeMissing(ctx, id);
-  const fields: Row = { ...ctx.params };
-  const fd = ctx.params.fraud_details;
-  const fraud = fd && typeof fd === 'object' && 'user_report' in (fd as Row) ? fraudReport(ctx, existing, fd as Row) : undefined;
-  if (fraud instanceof Response) return fraud;
-  if (fraud) fields.fraud_details = fraud;
-  return ctx.reply(chargeBody(ctx, await ctx.write('charge', id, fields, 'charge.update')));
-};
-
-// ── the charge's own refunds: listed, created and read through it; another charge's refund is not found ──
-
-const refunds: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const id = at(ctx, 'charge');
-  if (!ctx.get('charge', id)) return chargeMissing(ctx, id);
-  return list(ctx, 'refund', newest(ctx, 'refund').filter((r) => r.charge === id));
-};
-
-const createRefund: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const ch = ctx.get('charge', at(ctx, 'charge'));
-  if (!ch) return chargeMissing(ctx, at(ctx, 'charge'));
-  return refundCharge(ctx, ch, ctx.params);
-};
-
-const chargeRefund = (ctx: SemanticsContext): Row | Response => {
-  if (!ctx.get('charge', at(ctx, 'charge'))) return chargeMissing(ctx, at(ctx, 'charge'));
-  const r = ctx.get('refund', at(ctx, 'refund'));
-  return r && r.charge === at(ctx, 'charge') ? r : fail(ctx, `No such refund: '${at(ctx, 'refund')}'`, 404, 'resource_missing');
-};
-
-const refund: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const r = chargeRefund(ctx);
-  return r instanceof Response ? r : ctx.reply(r);
-};
-
-const updateRefund: Semantics = async (ctx) => {
-  const r = chargeRefund(ctx);
-  return r instanceof Response ? r : ctx.reply(await ctx.write('refund', at(ctx, 'refund'), ctx.params, 'refund.update'));
-};
+}
 
-export const charges: Record<string, Semantics> = {
-  PostCharges: create,
-  PostChargesChargeCapture: capture,
-  GetCharges: listCharges,
-  GetChargesSearch: searchCharges,
-  GetChargesCharge: retrieve,
-  PostChargesCharge: update,
-  GetChargesChargeRefunds: refunds,
-  PostChargesChargeRefunds: createRefund,
-  GetChargesChargeRefundsRefund: refund,
-  PostChargesChargeRefundsRefund: updateRefund,
-};