@volter/twin-fly 0.1.0

package/LICENSE

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package/README.md

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+# @volter/twin-fly
+
+A local, stateful, vendor-faithful twin of **Fly.io's Machines API** (`api.machines.dev/v1`) —
+with a twist that makes it the repo's first **real-execution-plane compute twin**: the control
+plane is twinned, and the execution plane is **real local Docker**.
+
+- **Control plane (twinned, offline):** apps / machines / volumes / app-secrets CRUD, the machine
+  lifecycle (`created → started → stopped → suspended → destroyed`) with a ledgered
+  `MachineEvent` stream, `wait`, leases (nonce header, wrap shape), machine metadata, machine
+  versions — all kernel event-sourced (`@volter/world-core`), Bearer-auth faked-but-enforced, unmodeled
+  operations failing like the vendor.
+- **Execution plane (REAL, optional):** when a machine is created/started through the twin with
+  local execution (`world-fly serve --local-execution`), `config.image` is **actually run** as a local
+  container — `config.env` (plus Fly's documented `FLY_*` runtime environment) becomes the
+  container env, every service `internal_port` is published on an ephemeral loopback port
+  (ledgered as the disclosed twin-only `twin_local_ports` field), `config.mounts` become named
+  docker volumes, `stop` is `docker stop`, destroy is `docker rm -f`, and `exec` is `docker exec`.
+  **`start` on a stopped machine RECREATES the container from `config.image` — it is never
+  `docker start`** — because that is what the vendor does: "Stopped Machines that are restarted
+  are completely reset to their original state so that they start clean on the next run"
+  (fly.io/docs/machines/api). Only volume-mounted data survives a stop→start: the named
+  `fly-twin-<volume id>` volumes are re-mounted onto a clean rootfs, so an app that keeps state
+  outside a mount breaks here exactly as it would on real Fly, instead of passing local rehearsal
+  and failing on the first real stop/start cycle. A restart is the same stop→start reset. The
+  consequence is disclosed: a recreated container draws NEW ephemeral loopback ports, so
+  `twin_local_ports` changes across a stop→start (Fly's own service ports are logical and do not).
+  This is the supabase doctrine ("twin the control plane, run the real engine") applied to
+  compute: an app that speaks Fly's API exclusively gets **real running machines** during local
+  dev, and machine spawn/reap flows can be rehearsed entirely offline.
+
+Admission measures the substrate it is actually on before it runs anything: the docker root when
+it is host-visible (Linux), and otherwise the growable disk of the hidden Linux machine — a Colima
+profile, OrbStack's sparse data image, or Docker Desktop's data volume. A substrate it cannot
+measure is REFUSED, never assumed.
+
+Docker is **never required**: the default execution plane is the pure-ledger `virtual` runtime,
+every capability `verify()` and the whole gate run without a Docker daemon (the seam is exercised
+with injected fakes), and the real-Docker proof lives in `fly-docker.integration.test.ts`, which
+**skips loudly** when `docker info` fails.
+
+```bash
+# serve the Machines API twin (offline, virtual execution plane)
+bun packages/twin/fly/src/cli.ts serve --port 4280
+
+# serve with the REAL local-Docker execution plane (fails loudly if the daemon is unreachable)
+bun packages/twin/fly/src/cli.ts serve --port 4280 --local-execution
+
+# ...on a small disk: admission keeps 2048 MiB of writable storage free beyond each machine's own
+# need; the reserve is configuration, so a tight host lowers it rather than being refused
+bun packages/twin/fly/src/cli.ts serve --port 4280 --local-execution --storage-reserve-mib 256
+
+# then point any Machines API client at it, exactly as Fly's docs describe:
+export FLY_API_HOSTNAME="http://127.0.0.1:4280"
+export FLY_API_TOKEN="anything-nonempty"   # auth is faked-but-enforced (empty/missing -> 401)
+curl "$FLY_API_HOSTNAME/v1/apps" -H "Authorization: Bearer $FLY_API_TOKEN" \
+  -X POST -d '{"app_name":"demo","org_slug":"personal"}'
+```
+
+## Grounding
+
+Surface + schemas from Fly's **first-party OpenAPI** (live-fetched
+`docs.machines.dev/swagger/doc.json`, "Machines API 1.0", 68 paths) cross-checked against
+**superfly/fly-go** — flyctl's own client — with fly-go winning every disagreement (the lease
+response wrap `{status,data}`, the `fly-machine-lease-nonce` header, bare-array volume lists, the
+`{previous_state}` start reply). Hosts, response-code table and rate limits from
+`fly.io/docs/machines/api/working-with-machines-api` (live-fetched). No live account/token was
+available to probe negative-path bodies — every unverifiable error string is marked
+`⚠ doc-unverified` in source and recorded in `spec-sources.json`. See that census entry for the
+full list of modeling choices.
+
+## Coverage
+
+Honest and partial — the manifest (`src/fly-capabilities.ts`) enumerates the **real** Machines
+API surface top-down from the OpenAPI's tags (Apps, Machines, Volumes, Secrets, TLS Certificates,
+Tokens, Organizations, Platform, Postgres Clusters) and the current done/todo split is in the
+generated repo tables (`../../../docs/contributing/conformance.md`). Modeled today: apps CRUD, the full machine lifecycle +
+events + wait + leases + metadata + exec seam, volumes (create/list/get/update/delete/extend/
+snapshots, attach semantics), app secrets, connector pull, and the execution-plane seam behaviors.
+Restart policy is MODELED (fly.MachineRestart, done/core): a non-zero container exit under the
+default `on-failure` policy relaunches the container on the next read (bounded by
+`max_retries`, defaulting to 10 when `config.restart` is absent — a disclosed twin choice, the
+vendor publishes no default), `always` relaunches even clean exits, `no` folds to stopped; the
+exit code is ledgered into the event's fly-go-shaped request payload. `DELETE /v1/apps/{name}`
+destroys the app's machines, VOLUMES and SECRETS with it (real Fly semantics: a recreated name
+is a brand-new, empty app). Enumerated as todos: machine ps/memory endpoints, certificates,
+ip_assignments, secretkeys, tokens, org-wide listings, platform regions/placements, Managed
+Postgres, auto-destroy/schedule semantics, connector push.
+
+The local execution plane is Docker containers — genuine compute (env/ports/volumes/exec/exit are
+all real) behind a control-plane surface identical to Fly's, rather than hardware-isolated microVMs.
+`private_ip` is ledgered faithfully in the `fdaa:…` 6PN shape but nothing routes it locally;
+published loopback ports are the local reachability story. Certificate CRUD *metadata* and the
+token endpoints stay on the todo backlog.
+
+**Binding, live-verified 2026-09-03:** on real Fly a machine is reachable ONLY at that IPv6 address,
+so a service bound to `0.0.0.0` answers on the twin's published IPv4 loopback ports and is
+unreachable on Fly. Bind `::` (dual-stack) to pass both.
+
+Twin-only additive fields, disclosed: `twin_runtime` (which execution plane ran the machine:
+`virtual` / `docker` / `real-fly` for pulled machines) and `twin_local_ports` (the published
+loopback ports) on machine views. Neither replaces a real field.
+
+### No UI mirror
+
+Fly.io is an API-first vendor: when someone does Fly's core job they **write code / drive
+flyctl** — deploys, machine orchestration, CI. The fly.io dashboard is incidental tooling for
+billing, tokens and log viewing, not where the work happens (Fly's own docs route every Machines
+workflow through the API/flyctl). Per ../../../docs/contributing/architecture.md C1b the twin therefore ships **no mirror
+and no UI capabilities**; coverage is API + connector + the execution plane.
+
+## Connector + rate budget
+
+`syncFlyFromReal(execute, { orgSlug, root })` pulls the real account's apps → machines + volumes
+over an **injected executor** and folds them through the kernel's the kernel observation path (idempotent re-pull;
+a refused pull **throws** rather than folding an empty account). Push is a deliberate, filed todo:
+pushing a local machine-create provisions real **billable** compute, so it waits for an
+operator-confirmed plan.
+
+Every live call goes through `liveFlyExecute(token)` — the one place a real
+`api.machines.dev` request is issued — guarded by the kernel `RateBudget` (`src/fly-budget.ts`):
+Fly publishes per-action per-machine limits (1 req/s per action, burst 3; Get Machine 5 req/s,
+burst 10; app deletions 100/min) but **no account-wide scalar**, so the ceiling is pinned to the
+kernel fallback (60 units/60 s, reads at weight 2 = 30 calls/min) with provisioning POSTs priced
+at 3 (a runaway create loop stops at 20/min). Fail-closed, persisted across processes, cooldown
+on 429 — proven against a counting fake fetch, offline (`src/fly-budget.test.ts`).

package/dist/src/cli.d.ts

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+#!/usr/bin/env node
+export {};

package/dist/src/cli.js

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+#!/usr/bin/env node
+// world-fly CLI: serve the Machines API twin, or run conformance. There is no `mirror` command —
+// Fly is an API-first vendor with no product UI to mirror (see README `### No UI mirror`).
+//
+// The EXECUTION PLANE is explicit: `serve` defaults to the pure-ledger VIRTUAL runtime (offline,
+// nothing runs); `serve --local-execution` runs real local Machines and FAILS LOUDLY if local
+// execution is unavailable — never a silent downgrade a caller could mistake for real machines.
+import { hasFlag, optionValue } from '@volter/world-core/args';
+import { createFlyTwinServer } from "./fly-server.js";
+import { resolveFlyRuntime } from "./fly-runtime-choice.js";
+const [cmd, ...rest] = process.argv.slice(2);
+/** A malformed port must FAIL, not silently become an ephemeral one (the smtp `--port 1O25`
+ *  lesson). `0` is accepted and means "ephemeral". */
+function portOption(flag) {
+    const raw = optionValue(rest, flag);
+    if (raw === undefined || raw === '')
+        return undefined;
+    const value = Number(raw);
+    if (!Number.isInteger(value) || value < 0 || value > 65535) {
+        process.stderr.write(`world-fly: ${flag} must be an integer 0-65535 (got ${JSON.stringify(raw)})\n`);
+        process.exit(2);
+    }
+    return value === 0 ? undefined : value;
+}
+/** A non-negative whole number of MiB, or undefined when the flag is absent. Malformed FAILS
+ *  (the `--port 1O25` lesson) — a World that asked for a different admission floor and silently
+ *  got the default would be told nothing. */
+function reserveOption(flag) {
+    const raw = optionValue(rest, flag);
+    if (raw === undefined || raw === '')
+        return undefined;
+    const value = Number(raw);
+    if (!Number.isInteger(value) || value < 0) {
+        process.stderr.write(`world-fly: ${flag} must be a non-negative integer number of MiB (got ${JSON.stringify(raw)})\n`);
+        process.exit(2);
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+const port = portOption('--port');
+const root = optionValue(rest, '--root') || undefined;
+const readOnly = hasFlag(rest, '--read-only');
+const localExecution = hasFlag(rest, '--local-execution') || hasFlag(rest, '--docker');
+// The writable-storage RESERVE admission keeps free beyond a machine's own need — a mechanism
+// value the World configures (default 2048 MiB), never a constant compiled into the runtime.
+const storageReserveMiB = reserveOption('--storage-reserve-mib');
+if (cmd === 'serve') {
+    const server = await createFlyTwinServer({
+        cleanupOwnedOnStart: process.env.VOLTER_WORLD_NAME !== undefined,
+        readOnly,
+        runtime: await resolveFlyRuntime(localExecution ? 'docker' : 'virtual', root, {
+            ...(storageReserveMiB !== undefined ? { storageReserveMiB } : {}),
+        }),
+        ...(root ? { root } : {}),
+        ...(port ? { port } : {}),
+    });
+    process.stdout.write(`machine provider${readOnly ? ' [read-only]' : ''} ready on http://127.0.0.1:${server.port}\n`);
+    const signal = await new Promise((resolveSignal) => {
+        process.once('SIGINT', () => resolveSignal('SIGINT'));
+        process.once('SIGTERM', () => resolveSignal('SIGTERM'));
+    });
+    try {
+        await server.stop();
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+        process.stderr.write(`machine provider: ${signal} cleanup failed: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}\n`);
+        process.exitCode = 1;
+    }
+}
+else if (cmd === 'conformance') {
+    const { checkFlyConformance } = await import("./fly-conformance.js"); // lazy — dev-only
+    const report = await checkFlyConformance();
+    process.stdout.write(`${JSON.stringify(report, null, 2)}\n`);
+    if (!report.ok)
+        process.exitCode = 1;
+}
+else {
+    process.stdout.write('Usage: world-fly serve|conformance [--port N] [--root DIR] [--read-only] [--local-execution] [--storage-reserve-mib N]\n');
+}

package/dist/src/fly-budget.d.ts

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+import { RateBudget, type RateBudgetDeclaration, type RateBudgetOptions, type RateBudgetReservation, type RateBudgetSnapshot } from '@volter/world-core';
+/** Rolling window, in ms (the kernel fallback's window — a window may never be shorter). */
+export declare const FLY_BUDGET_WINDOW_MS = 60000;
+/** Weighted units allowed inside one window. Pinned to the kernel fallback — see the header. */
+export declare const FLY_BUDGET_CEILING = 60;
+/** Seconds. A `Retry-After` above this means the credential is throttled hard — fail loudly. */
+export declare const FLY_BUDGET_MAX_RETRY_AFTER_S = 300;
+/** Per-call cost. `create` is machine/volume/app creation (billable provisioning); `other` is
+ *  everything else (reads and lifecycle actions). */
+export declare const FLY_CALL_WEIGHTS: {
+    readonly create: 3;
+    readonly other: 2;
+};
+/** THE PACK'S DECLARATION — pure data, the only Fly-specific thing in the whole budget.
+ *  Calls are priced by a `METHOD /path` key (see flyCallWeight); the create rule matches the
+ *  three provisioning POSTs (apps, machines, volumes collection endpoints). */
+export declare const FLY_RATE_BUDGET: RateBudgetDeclaration;
+/** Price one Machines API call by `METHOD /path` (query string stripped by the caller). */
+export declare function flyCallWeight(method: string, path: string): number;
+/** Where Fly's ledger lives. Token-keyed and cwd-independent by default (Fly limits per
+ *  identifier under one account/token, so a cwd-scoped ledger would hand the same token a fresh
+ *  allowance in every checkout, worktree and CI matrix leg); pass `root` for world-scoped
+ *  accounting. */
+export declare function flyBudgetPath(opts?: {
+    root?: string;
+    token?: string;
+} | string): string;
+/** Construction options for Fly's budget. The vendor is fixed; everything else may only TIGHTEN. */
+export type FlyBudgetOptions = Omit<RateBudgetOptions, 'vendor'>;
+/**
+ * Fly's budget — the shared kernel guard bound to this vendor's declaration. A real subclass,
+ * not an alias, so `budget instanceof FlyBudget` means "a budget that accounts against this
+ * vendor's ledger under this vendor's ceiling".
+ */
+export declare class FlyBudget extends RateBudget {
+    constructor(opts?: FlyBudgetOptions);
+}
+export type { RateBudgetErrorKind as FlyBudgetErrorKind } from '@volter/world-core';
+export { RateBudgetError as FlyBudgetError } from '@volter/world-core';
+export type FlyBudgetReservation = RateBudgetReservation;
+export type FlyBudgetSnapshot = RateBudgetSnapshot;

package/dist/src/fly-budget.js

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+// Fly.io's CLIENT-SIDE RATE BUDGET — the pack's DECLARATION (the numbers) plus the vendor-bound
+// bindings `liveFlyExecute` (fly-connector.ts) routes every live Machines API call through. The
+// MECHANISM — the durable token-keyed ledger, the rolling window, reserve-under-lock, the
+// `Retry-After`/429 cooldown, fail-CLOSED on a corrupt ledger — lives ONCE in the vendor-agnostic
+// kernel (`@volter/world-core` → rateBudget.ts). This module is modeled on supabase-budget.ts (the
+// same shape: the pack builds its own HTTP executor, so the guard sits inside the one function
+// that issues a live request).
+//
+// ── WHAT FLY ACTUALLY PUBLISHES (live-fetched 2026-08-20,
+//    fly.io/docs/machines/api/working-with-machines-api "Rate Limits") ───────────────────────
+// "Machines API rate limits apply per-action, per-machine and are scoped per identifier
+//  (Machine ID or App ID). The limit is 1 request, per second, per action — with a short-term
+//  burst limit up to 3 req/s, per action. This applies to all actions except Get Machine which
+//  is 5 req/s, with a short-term burst limit up to 10 req/s. Additionally, app deletions are
+//  limited to 100 per minute."
+//
+// Those are PER-ACTION PER-RESOURCE limits; Fly publishes NO account-wide scalar, and this
+// ledger is account-wide (one ledger per token) — a shape mismatch this declaration resolves in
+// the tight direction: the ceiling is pinned to the kernel's conservative fallback
+// (DEFAULT_RATE_BUDGET: 60 weighted units / 60s at weight 2 = 30 calls/minute — a rate the
+// vendor's own per-action allowance of 60/min/action trivially admits), rather than multiplying
+// per-action numbers into an invented account-wide figure. Machine CREATION is priced heavier
+// (weight 3) than reads/actions — creation provisions real billable infrastructure and is the
+// call a runaway loop repeats; pricing it at 3 means a creation-only loop is stopped after 20
+// creates in a minute, tighter than Fly's own 60/min-per-app. Same-burst-as-fallback, so no
+// VENDOR_BURST_ANCHOR entry is needed (the anchor binds only out-bursting declarations).
+import { declareRateBudget, rateBudgetPath, rateBudgetWeight, RateBudget, } from '@volter/world-core';
+const VENDOR = 'fly';
+/** Rolling window, in ms (the kernel fallback's window — a window may never be shorter). */
+export const FLY_BUDGET_WINDOW_MS = 60_000;
+/** Weighted units allowed inside one window. Pinned to the kernel fallback — see the header. */
+export const FLY_BUDGET_CEILING = 60;
+/** Seconds. A `Retry-After` above this means the credential is throttled hard — fail loudly. */
+export const FLY_BUDGET_MAX_RETRY_AFTER_S = 300;
+/** Per-call cost. `create` is machine/volume/app creation (billable provisioning); `other` is
+ *  everything else (reads and lifecycle actions). */
+export const FLY_CALL_WEIGHTS = {
+    create: 3,
+    other: 2,
+};
+/** THE PACK'S DECLARATION — pure data, the only Fly-specific thing in the whole budget.
+ *  Calls are priced by a `METHOD /path` key (see flyCallWeight); the create rule matches the
+ *  three provisioning POSTs (apps, machines, volumes collection endpoints). */
+export const FLY_RATE_BUDGET = {
+    windowMs: FLY_BUDGET_WINDOW_MS,
+    ceiling: FLY_BUDGET_CEILING,
+    defaultWeight: FLY_CALL_WEIGHTS.other,
+    maxRetryAfterSeconds: FLY_BUDGET_MAX_RETRY_AFTER_S,
+    // First-match-wins. POST on a collection endpoint (…/apps, …/machines, …/volumes) is a
+    // billable CREATE; the $ anchors keep one-resource POSTs (…/machines/{id}, lifecycle actions)
+    // at the default price.
+    rules: [
+        { match: '^POST /v1/apps$', weight: FLY_CALL_WEIGHTS.create },
+        { match: '^POST /v1/apps/[^/]+/machines$', weight: FLY_CALL_WEIGHTS.create },
+        { match: '^POST /v1/apps/[^/]+/volumes$', weight: FLY_CALL_WEIGHTS.create },
+    ],
+    reason: 'Fly publishes PER-ACTION, PER-RESOURCE Machines API limits (fly.io/docs/machines/api/working-with-machines-api, ' +
+        'live-fetched 2026-08-20): 1 req/s per action per machine with short bursts to 3 req/s; Get Machine 5 req/s ' +
+        'bursting to 10; app deletions 100/min. There is NO published account-wide scalar, and this ledger is ' +
+        'account-wide (per token), so the ceiling is pinned to the kernel fallback (60 units / 60s at weight 2 = ' +
+        '30 calls/min — a rate the per-action allowance of 60/min/action trivially admits) rather than multiplying ' +
+        'per-action numbers into an invented account figure. Creation POSTs (apps/machines/volumes) cost 3: they ' +
+        'provision real billable infrastructure, so a runaway create loop is refused after 20/min, tighter than ' +
+        "Fly's own 60 creates/min/app. Window and burst equal the fallback's, so nothing here is more permissive " +
+        'than an undeclared vendor already gets.',
+};
+// Declared at module load, so merely importing this module (which fly-connector.ts does) is
+// enough to arm the real ceiling.
+declareRateBudget(VENDOR, FLY_RATE_BUDGET);
+/** Price one Machines API call by `METHOD /path` (query string stripped by the caller). */
+export function flyCallWeight(method, path) {
+    return rateBudgetWeight(VENDOR, `${method.toUpperCase()} ${path}`);
+}
+/** Where Fly's ledger lives. Token-keyed and cwd-independent by default (Fly limits per
+ *  identifier under one account/token, so a cwd-scoped ledger would hand the same token a fresh
+ *  allowance in every checkout, worktree and CI matrix leg); pass `root` for world-scoped
+ *  accounting. */
+export function flyBudgetPath(opts = {}) {
+    const o = typeof opts === 'string' ? { root: opts } : opts;
+    // VENDOR spread LAST: a loosely-typed `{ vendor: 'other', … }` slipping through must not
+    // redirect this pack's ledger to another vendor's file.
+    return rateBudgetPath({ ...o, vendor: VENDOR });
+}
+/**
+ * Fly's budget — the shared kernel guard bound to this vendor's declaration. A real subclass,
+ * not an alias, so `budget instanceof FlyBudget` means "a budget that accounts against this
+ * vendor's ledger under this vendor's ceiling".
+ */
+export class FlyBudget extends RateBudget {
+    constructor(opts = {}) {
+        super({ ...opts, vendor: VENDOR });
+    }
+}
+export { RateBudgetError as FlyBudgetError } from '@volter/world-core';

package/dist/src/fly-capabilities.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import { type CapabilityReport, type CapabilitySpec } from '@volter/world-tooling';
+export declare const FLY_CAPABILITIES: CapabilitySpec[];
+export declare const FLY_AREAS: readonly ["apps", "machines", "execution", "leases", "volumes", "secrets", "secretkeys", "certificates", "ip_assignments", "tokens", "orgs", "platform", "postgres", "auth", "errors", "connector", "conformance"];
+export declare function flyCapabilities(): Promise<CapabilityReport>;