@vkontakte/vk-qr 2.1.1 → 3.1.0

package/src/qr.ts

@@ -21,946 +21,820 @@
  *   Software.
  */
 
-'use strict';
-
 type bit = number;
 type byte = number;
 type int = number;
 
-/*---- QR Code symbol class ----*/
+/*---- Public helper constants ----*/
 
 /*
- * A QR Code symbol, which is a type of two-dimension barcode.
- * Invented by Denso Wave and described in the ISO/IEC 18004 standard.
- * Instances of this class represent an immutable square grid of black and white cells.
- * The class provides static factory functions to create a QR Code from text or binary data.
- * The class covers the QR Code Model 2 specification, supporting all versions (sizes)
- * from 1 to 40, all 4 error correction levels, and 4 character encoding modes.
- *
- * Ways to create a QR Code object:
- * - High level: Take the payload data and call QrCode.encodeText() or QrCode.encodeBinary().
- * - Mid level: Custom-make the list of segments and call QrCode.encodeSegments().
- * - Low level: Custom-make the array of data codeword bytes (including
- *   segment headers and final padding, excluding error correction codewords),
- *   supply the appropriate version number, and call the QrCode() constructor.
- * (Note that all ways require supplying the desired error correction level.)
+ * The error correction level in a QR Code symbol.
  */
-export class QrCode {
-  /*-- Static factory functions (high level) --*/
-
-  // Returns a QR Code representing the given Unicode text string at the given error correction level.
-  // As a conservative upper bound, this function is guaranteed to succeed for strings that have 738 or fewer
-  // Unicode code points (not UTF-16 code units) if the low error correction level is used. The smallest possible
-  // QR Code version is automatically chosen for the output. The ECC level of the result may be higher than the
-  // ecl argument if it can be done without increasing the version.
-  public static encodeText(text: string, ecl: QrCode.Ecc): QrCode {
-    const segs: Array<QrSegment> = QrSegment.makeSegments(text);
-    return QrCode.encodeSegments(segs, ecl);
-  }
-
-  // Returns a QR Code representing the given binary data at the given error correction level.
-  // This function always encodes using the binary segment mode, not any text mode. The maximum number of
-  // bytes allowed is 2953. The smallest possible QR Code version is automatically chosen for the output.
-  // The ECC level of the result may be higher than the ecl argument if it can be done without increasing the version.
-  public static encodeBinary(data: Array<byte>, ecl: QrCode.Ecc): QrCode {
-    const seg: QrSegment = QrSegment.makeBytes(data);
-    return QrCode.encodeSegments([seg], ecl);
-  }
-
-  /*-- Static factory functions (mid level) --*/
-
-  // Returns a QR Code representing the given segments with the given encoding parameters.
-  // The smallest possible QR Code version within the given range is automatically
-  // chosen for the output. Iff boostEcl is true, then the ECC level of the result
-  // may be higher than the ecl argument if it can be done without increasing the
-  // version. The mask number is either between 0 to 7 (inclusive) to force that
-  // mask, or -1 to automatically choose an appropriate mask (which may be slow).
-  // This function allows the user to create a custom sequence of segments that switches
-  // between modes (such as alphanumeric and byte) to encode text in less space.
-  // This is a mid-level API; the high-level API is encodeText() and encodeBinary().
-  public static encodeSegments(
-    segs: Array<QrSegment>,
-    ecl: QrCode.Ecc,
-    minVersion: int = 1,
-    maxVersion: int = 40,
-    mask: int = -1,
-    boostEcl: boolean = true
-  ): QrCode {
-    if (
-      !(QrCode.MIN_VERSION <= minVersion && minVersion <= maxVersion && maxVersion <= QrCode.MAX_VERSION) ||
-      mask < -1 ||
-      mask > 7
-    )
-      throw 'Invalid value';
-
-    // Find the minimal version number to use
-    let version: int;
-    let dataUsedBits: int;
-    for (version = minVersion; ; version++) {
-      const dataCapacityBits: int = QrCode.getNumDataCodewords(version, ecl) * 8; // Number of data bits available
-      const usedBits: number = QrSegment.getTotalBits(segs, version);
-      if (usedBits <= dataCapacityBits) {
-        dataUsedBits = usedBits;
-        break; // This version number is found to be suitable
-      }
-      if (version >= maxVersion)
-        // All versions in the range could not fit the given data
-        throw 'Data too long';
-    }
-
-    // Increase the error correction level while the data still fits in the current version number
-    for (const newEcl of [QrCode.Ecc.MEDIUM, QrCode.Ecc.QUARTILE, QrCode.Ecc.HIGH]) {
-      // From low to high
-      if (boostEcl && dataUsedBits <= QrCode.getNumDataCodewords(version, newEcl) * 8) ecl = newEcl;
-    }
-
-    // Concatenate all segments to create the data bit string
-    let bb = new BitBuffer();
-    for (const seg of segs) {
-      bb.appendBits(seg.mode.modeBits, 4);
-      bb.appendBits(seg.numChars, seg.mode.numCharCountBits(version));
-      for (const b of seg.getData()) bb.array.push(b);
-    }
-    if (bb.array.length != dataUsedBits) throw 'Assertion error';
-
-    // Add terminator and pad up to a byte if applicable
-    const dataCapacityBits: int = QrCode.getNumDataCodewords(version, ecl) * 8;
-    if (bb.array.length > dataCapacityBits) throw 'Assertion error';
-    bb.appendBits(0, Math.min(4, dataCapacityBits - bb.array.length));
-    bb.appendBits(0, (8 - (bb.array.length % 8)) % 8);
-    if (bb.array.length % 8 != 0) throw 'Assertion error';
-
-    // Pad with alternating bytes until data capacity is reached
-    for (let padByte = 0xec; bb.array.length < dataCapacityBits; padByte ^= 0xec ^ 0x11) bb.appendBits(padByte, 8);
-
-    // Pack bits into bytes in big endian
-    let dataCodewords: Array<byte> = [];
-    while (dataCodewords.length * 8 < bb.array.length) dataCodewords.push(0);
-    bb.array.forEach((b: bit, i: int) => (dataCodewords[i >>> 3] |= b << (7 - (i & 7))));
-
-    // Create the QR Code object
-    return new QrCode(version, ecl, dataCodewords, mask);
-  }
-
-  /*-- Fields --*/
-
-  // The width and height of this QR Code, measured in modules, between
-  // 21 and 177 (inclusive). This is equal to version * 4 + 17.
-  public readonly size: int;
-
-  // The modules of this QR Code (false = white, true = black).
-  // Immutable after constructor finishes. Accessed through getModule().
-  public readonly modules: Array<Array<boolean>> = [];
-
-  // Indicates function modules that are not subjected to masking. Discarded when constructor finishes.
-  private readonly isFunction: Array<Array<boolean>> = [];
-
-  /*-- Constructor (low level) and fields --*/
-
-  // Creates a new QR Code with the given version number,
-  // error correction level, data codeword bytes, and mask number.
-  // This is a low-level API that most users should not use directly.
-  // A mid-level API is the encodeSegments() function.
-  public constructor(
-    // The version number of this QR Code, which is between 1 and 40 (inclusive).
-    // This determines the size of this barcode.
-    public readonly version: int,
-
-    // The error correction level used in this QR Code.
-    public readonly errorCorrectionLevel: QrCode.Ecc,
-
-    dataCodewords: Array<byte>,
-
-    // The index of the mask pattern used in this QR Code, which is between 0 and 7 (inclusive).
-    // Even if a QR Code is created with automatic masking requested (mask = -1),
-    // the resulting object still has a mask value between 0 and 7.
-    public readonly mask: int
-  ) {
-    // Check scalar arguments
-    if (version < QrCode.MIN_VERSION || version > QrCode.MAX_VERSION) throw 'Version value out of range';
-    if (mask < -1 || mask > 7) throw 'Mask value out of range';
-    this.size = version * 4 + 17;
-
-    // Initialize both grids to be size*size arrays of Boolean false
-    let row: Array<boolean> = [];
-    for (let i = 0; i < this.size; i++) row.push(false);
-    for (let i = 0; i < this.size; i++) {
-      this.modules.push(row.slice()); // Initially all white
-      this.isFunction.push(row.slice());
-    }
+export const QrCodeEcc = {
+  LOW: { ordinal: 0, formatBits: 1 } as const, // The QR Code can tolerate about  7% erroneous codewords
+  MEDIUM: { ordinal: 1, formatBits: 0 } as const, // The QR Code can tolerate about 15% erroneous codewords
+  QUARTILE: { ordinal: 2, formatBits: 3 } as const, // The QR Code can tolerate about 25% erroneous codewords
+  HIGH: { ordinal: 3, formatBits: 2 } as const, // The QR Code can tolerate about 30% erroneous codewords
+} as const;
 
-    // Compute ECC, draw modules
-    this.drawFunctionPatterns();
-    const allCodewords: Array<byte> = this.addEccAndInterleave(dataCodewords);
-    this.drawCodewords(allCodewords);
-
-    // Do masking
-    if (mask == -1) {
-      // Automatically choose best mask
-      let minPenalty: int = 1000000000;
-      for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        this.applyMask(i);
-        this.drawFormatBits(i);
-        const penalty: int = this.getPenaltyScore();
-        if (penalty < minPenalty) {
-          mask = i;
-          minPenalty = penalty;
-        }
-        this.applyMask(i); // Undoes the mask due to XOR
-      }
-    }
-    if (mask < 0 || mask > 7) throw 'Assertion error';
-    this.mask = mask;
-    this.applyMask(mask); // Apply the final choice of mask
-    this.drawFormatBits(mask); // Overwrite old format bits
+export type QrCodeEccValue = (typeof QrCodeEcc)[keyof typeof QrCodeEcc];
 
-    this.isFunction = [];
-  }
+/*
+ * Describes how a segment's data bits are interpreted.
+ */
+export const QrSegmentMode = {
+  NUMERIC: { modeBits: 0x1, numBitsCharCount: [10, 12, 14] as const },
+  ALPHANUMERIC: { modeBits: 0x2, numBitsCharCount: [9, 11, 13] as const },
+  BYTE: { modeBits: 0x4, numBitsCharCount: [8, 16, 16] as const },
+  KANJI: { modeBits: 0x8, numBitsCharCount: [8, 10, 12] as const },
+  ECI: { modeBits: 0x7, numBitsCharCount: [0, 0, 0] as const },
+} as const;
+
+export type QrSegmentModeValue = (typeof QrSegmentMode)[keyof typeof QrSegmentMode];
+
+function numCharCountBits(mode: QrSegmentModeValue, ver: int): int {
+  return mode.numBitsCharCount[Math.floor((ver + 7) / 17)];
+}
 
-  /*-- Accessor methods --*/
+/*---- QR Code result type ----*/
 
-  // Returns the color of the module (pixel) at the given coordinates, which is false
-  // for white or true for black. The top left corner has the coordinates (x=0, y=0).
-  // If the given coordinates are out of bounds, then false (white) is returned.
-  public getModule(x: int, y: int): boolean {
-    return 0 <= x && x < this.size && 0 <= y && y < this.size && this.modules[y][x];
-  }
+/*
+ * A QR Code symbol, which is a type of two-dimension barcode.
+ * Invented by Denso Wave and described in the ISO/IEC 18004 standard.
+ * Represents an immutable square grid of black and white cells.
+ */
+export interface QrCode {
+  /** The version number of this QR Code, between 1 and 40 (inclusive). */
+  readonly version: int;
+  /** The error correction level used in this QR Code. */
+  readonly errorCorrectionLevel: QrCodeEccValue;
+  /** The width and height of this QR Code, measured in modules, between 21 and 177 (inclusive). */
+  readonly size: int;
+  /** The index of the mask pattern used in this QR Code, between 0 and 7 (inclusive). */
+  readonly mask: int;
+  /** The modules of this QR Code (false = white, true = black). */
+  readonly modules: boolean[][];
+}
 
-  /*-- Public instance methods --*/
-
-  // Draws this QR Code, with the given module scale and border modules, onto the given HTML
-  // canvas element. The canvas's width and height is resized to (this.size + border * 2) * scale.
-  // The drawn image is be purely black and white, and fully opaque.
-  // The scale must be a positive integer and the border must be a non-negative integer.
-  public drawCanvas(scale: int, border: int, canvas: HTMLCanvasElement): void {
-    if (scale <= 0 || border < 0) throw 'Value out of range';
-    const width: int = (this.size + border * 2) * scale;
-    canvas.width = width;
-    canvas.height = width;
-    let ctx = canvas.getContext('2d') as CanvasRenderingContext2D;
-    for (let y = -border; y < this.size + border; y++) {
-      for (let x = -border; x < this.size + border; x++) {
-        ctx.fillStyle = this.getModule(x, y) ? '#000000' : '#FFFFFF';
-        ctx.fillRect((x + border) * scale, (y + border) * scale, scale, scale);
-      }
+/*---- QR Code factory function (mid level) ----*/
+
+// Returns a QR Code representing the given segments with the given encoding parameters.
+// The smallest possible QR Code version within the given range is automatically
+// chosen for the output. Iff boostEcl is true, then the ECC level of the result
+// may be higher than the ecl argument if it can be done without increasing the
+// version. The mask number is either between 0 to 7 (inclusive) to force that
+// mask, or -1 to automatically choose an appropriate mask (which may be slow).
+// This function allows the user to create a custom sequence of segments that switches
+// between modes (such as alphanumeric and byte) to encode text in less space.
+// This is a mid-level API; the high-level API is encodeText() and encodeBinary().
+export function encodeSegments(
+  segs: QrSegment[],
+  ecl: QrCodeEccValue,
+  minVersion: int = 1,
+  maxVersion: int = 40,
+  mask: int = -1,
+  boostEcl: boolean = true,
+): QrCode {
+  if (
+    !(MIN_VERSION <= minVersion && minVersion <= maxVersion && maxVersion <= MAX_VERSION) ||
+    mask < -1 ||
+    mask > 7
+  )
+    throw 'Invalid value';
+
+  // Find the minimal version number to use
+  let version: int;
+  let dataUsedBits: int;
+  for (version = minVersion; ; version++) {
+    const dataCapacityBits: int = getNumDataCodewords(version, ecl) * 8; // Number of data bits available
+    const usedBits: number = getTotalBits(segs, version);
+    if (usedBits <= dataCapacityBits) {
+      dataUsedBits = usedBits;
+      break; // This version number is found to be suitable
     }
-  }
+    if (version >= maxVersion)
+      // All versions in the range could not fit the given data
+      throw 'Data too long';
+  }
+
+  // Increase the error correction level while the data still fits in the current version number
+  let finalEcl = ecl;
+  for (const newEcl of [QrCodeEcc.MEDIUM, QrCodeEcc.QUARTILE, QrCodeEcc.HIGH]) {
+    // From low to high
+    if (boostEcl && dataUsedBits <= getNumDataCodewords(version, newEcl) * 8) finalEcl = newEcl;
+  }
+
+  // Concatenate all segments to create the data bit string
+  const bb = createBitBuffer();
+  for (const seg of segs) {
+    bb.appendBits(seg.mode.modeBits, 4);
+    bb.appendBits(seg.numChars, numCharCountBits(seg.mode, version));
+    for (const b of seg.getData()) bb.array.push(b);
+  }
+  if (bb.array.length !== dataUsedBits) throw 'Assertion error';
+
+  // Add terminator and pad up to a byte if applicable
+  const dataCapacityBits: int = getNumDataCodewords(version, finalEcl) * 8;
+  if (bb.array.length > dataCapacityBits) throw 'Assertion error';
+  bb.appendBits(0, Math.min(4, dataCapacityBits - bb.array.length));
+  bb.appendBits(0, (8 - (bb.array.length % 8)) % 8);
+  if (bb.array.length % 8 !== 0) throw 'Assertion error';
+
+  // Pad with alternating bytes until data capacity is reached
+  for (let padByte = 0xec; bb.array.length < dataCapacityBits; padByte ^= 0xec ^ 0x11)
+    bb.appendBits(padByte, 8);
+
+  // Pack bits into bytes in big endian
+  const dataCodewords: byte[] = [];
+  while (dataCodewords.length * 8 < bb.array.length) dataCodewords.push(0);
+  bb.array.forEach((b: bit, i: int) => {
+    dataCodewords[i >>> 3] |= b << (7 - (i & 7));
+  });
+
+  // Create the QR Code object
+  return createQrCode(version, finalEcl, dataCodewords, mask);
+}
 
-  // Returns a string of SVG code for an image depicting this QR Code, with the given number
-  // of border modules. The string always uses Unix newlines (\n), regardless of the platform.
-  public toSvgString(border: int): string {
-    if (border < 0) throw 'Border must be non-negative';
-    let parts: Array<string> = [];
-    for (let y = 0; y < this.size; y++) {
-      for (let x = 0; x < this.size; x++) {
-        if (this.getModule(x, y)) parts.push(`M${x + border},${y + border}h1v1h-1z`);
+/*---- Private QR Code creation function ----*/
+
+// Creates a new QR Code with the given version number,
+// error correction level, data codeword bytes, and mask number.
+function createQrCode(
+  version: int,
+  errorCorrectionLevel: QrCodeEccValue,
+  dataCodewords: byte[],
+  mask: int,
+): QrCode {
+  // Check scalar arguments
+  if (version < MIN_VERSION || version > MAX_VERSION) throw 'Version value out of range';
+  if (mask < -1 || mask > 7) throw 'Mask value out of range';
+  const size = version * 4 + 17;
+
+  // Initialize both grids to be size*size arrays of Boolean false
+  const row: boolean[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) row.push(false);
+  const modules: boolean[][] = [];
+  const isFunction: boolean[][] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    modules.push(row.slice()); // Initially all white
+    isFunction.push(row.slice());
+  }
+
+  // Helper to set function module
+  const setFunctionModule = (x: int, y: int, isBlack: boolean): void => {
+    modules[y][x] = isBlack;
+    isFunction[y][x] = true;
+  };
+
+  // Draw horizontal and vertical timing patterns
+  for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    setFunctionModule(6, i, i % 2 === 0);
+    setFunctionModule(i, 6, i % 2 === 0);
+  }
+
+  // Draw 3 finder patterns (all corners except bottom right; overwrites some timing modules)
+  const drawFinderPattern = (x: int, y: int): void => {
+    for (let dy = -4; dy <= 4; dy++) {
+      for (let dx = -4; dx <= 4; dx++) {
+        const dist: int = Math.max(Math.abs(dx), Math.abs(dy)); // Chebyshev/infinity norm
+        const xx: int = x + dx;
+        const yy: int = y + dy;
+        if (0 <= xx && xx < size && 0 <= yy && yy < size)
+          setFunctionModule(xx, yy, dist !== 2 && dist !== 4);
       }
     }
-    return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
-<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 ${this.size + border * 2} ${this.size +
-      border * 2}" stroke="none">
-	<rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
-	<path d="${parts.join(' ')}" fill="#000000"/>
-</svg>
-`;
-  }
-
-  /*-- Private helper methods for constructor: Drawing function modules --*/
-
-  // Reads this object's version field, and draws and marks all function modules.
-  private drawFunctionPatterns(): void {
-    // Draw horizontal and vertical timing patterns
-    for (let i = 0; i < this.size; i++) {
-      this.setFunctionModule(6, i, i % 2 == 0);
-      this.setFunctionModule(i, 6, i % 2 == 0);
-    }
-
-    // Draw 3 finder patterns (all corners except bottom right; overwrites some timing modules)
-    this.drawFinderPattern(3, 3);
-    this.drawFinderPattern(this.size - 4, 3);
-    this.drawFinderPattern(3, this.size - 4);
-
-    // Draw numerous alignment patterns
-    const alignPatPos: Array<int> = this.getAlignmentPatternPositions();
-    const numAlign: int = alignPatPos.length;
-    for (let i = 0; i < numAlign; i++) {
-      for (let j = 0; j < numAlign; j++) {
-        // Don't draw on the three finder corners
-        if (!((i == 0 && j == 0) || (i == 0 && j == numAlign - 1) || (i == numAlign - 1 && j == 0)))
-          this.drawAlignmentPattern(alignPatPos[i], alignPatPos[j]);
+  };
+  drawFinderPattern(3, 3);
+  drawFinderPattern(size - 4, 3);
+  drawFinderPattern(3, size - 4);
+
+  // Draw numerous alignment patterns
+  const alignPatPos: int[] = getAlignmentPatternPositions(version, size);
+  const numAlign: int = alignPatPos.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < numAlign; i++) {
+    for (let j = 0; j < numAlign; j++) {
+      // Don't draw on the three finder corners
+      if (
+        !(
+          (i === 0 && j === 0) ||
+          (i === 0 && j === numAlign - 1) ||
+          (i === numAlign - 1 && j === 0)
+        )
+      ) {
+        const drawAlignmentPattern = (x: int, y: int): void => {
+          for (let dy = -2; dy <= 2; dy++) {
+            for (let dx = -2; dx <= 2; dx++)
+              setFunctionModule(x + dx, y + dy, Math.max(Math.abs(dx), Math.abs(dy)) !== 1);
+          }
+        };
+        drawAlignmentPattern(alignPatPos[i], alignPatPos[j]);
       }
     }
-
-    // Draw configuration data
-    this.drawFormatBits(0); // Dummy mask value; overwritten later in the constructor
-    this.drawVersion();
   }
 
-  // Draws two copies of the format bits (with its own error correction code)
-  // based on the given mask and this object's error correction level field.
-  private drawFormatBits(mask: int): void {
+  // Draw configuration data
+  const drawFormatBits = (ecl: QrCodeEccValue, msk: int): void => {
     // Calculate error correction code and pack bits
-    const data: int = (this.errorCorrectionLevel.formatBits << 3) | mask; // errCorrLvl is uint2, mask is uint3
+    const data: int = (ecl.formatBits << 3) | msk; // errCorrLvl is uint2, mask is uint3
     let rem: int = data;
     for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) rem = (rem << 1) ^ ((rem >>> 9) * 0x537);
     const bits = ((data << 10) | rem) ^ 0x5412; // uint15
-    if (bits >>> 15 != 0) throw 'Assertion error';
+    if (bits >>> 15 !== 0) throw 'Assertion error';
 
     // Draw first copy
-    for (let i = 0; i <= 5; i++) this.setFunctionModule(8, i, getBit(bits, i));
-    this.setFunctionModule(8, 7, getBit(bits, 6));
-    this.setFunctionModule(8, 8, getBit(bits, 7));
-    this.setFunctionModule(7, 8, getBit(bits, 8));
-    for (let i = 9; i < 15; i++) this.setFunctionModule(14 - i, 8, getBit(bits, i));
+    for (let i = 0; i <= 5; i++) setFunctionModule(8, i, getBit(bits, i));
+    setFunctionModule(8, 7, getBit(bits, 6));
+    setFunctionModule(8, 8, getBit(bits, 7));
+    setFunctionModule(7, 8, getBit(bits, 8));
+    for (let i = 9; i < 15; i++) setFunctionModule(14 - i, 8, getBit(bits, i));
 
     // Draw second copy
-    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) this.setFunctionModule(this.size - 1 - i, 8, getBit(bits, i));
-    for (let i = 8; i < 15; i++) this.setFunctionModule(8, this.size - 15 + i, getBit(bits, i));
-    this.setFunctionModule(8, this.size - 8, true); // Always black
-  }
-
-  // Draws two copies of the version bits (with its own error correction code),
-  // based on this object's version field, iff 7 <= version <= 40.
-  private drawVersion(): void {
-    if (this.version < 7) return;
-
+    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) setFunctionModule(size - 1 - i, 8, getBit(bits, i));
+    for (let i = 8; i < 15; i++) setFunctionModule(8, size - 15 + i, getBit(bits, i));
+    setFunctionModule(8, size - 8, true); // Always black
+  };
+  drawFormatBits(errorCorrectionLevel, 0); // Dummy mask value; overwritten later
+
+  // Draw version
+  if (version >= 7) {
     // Calculate error correction code and pack bits
-    let rem: int = this.version; // version is uint6, in the range [7, 40]
+    let rem: int = version; // version is uint6, in the range [7, 40]
     for (let i = 0; i < 12; i++) rem = (rem << 1) ^ ((rem >>> 11) * 0x1f25);
-    const bits: int = (this.version << 12) | rem; // uint18
-    if (bits >>> 18 != 0) throw 'Assertion error';
+    const bits: int = (version << 12) | rem; // uint18
+    if (bits >>> 18 !== 0) throw 'Assertion error';
 
     // Draw two copies
     for (let i = 0; i < 18; i++) {
       const color: boolean = getBit(bits, i);
-      const a: int = this.size - 11 + (i % 3);
+      const a: int = size - 11 + (i % 3);
       const b: int = Math.floor(i / 3);
-      this.setFunctionModule(a, b, color);
-      this.setFunctionModule(b, a, color);
+      setFunctionModule(a, b, color);
+      setFunctionModule(b, a, color);
     }
   }
 
-  // Draws a 9*9 finder pattern including the border separator,
-  // with the center module at (x, y). Modules can be out of bounds.
-  private drawFinderPattern(x: int, y: int): void {
-    for (let dy = -4; dy <= 4; dy++) {
-      for (let dx = -4; dx <= 4; dx++) {
-        const dist: int = Math.max(Math.abs(dx), Math.abs(dy)); // Chebyshev/infinity norm
-        const xx: int = x + dx;
-        const yy: int = y + dy;
-        if (0 <= xx && xx < this.size && 0 <= yy && yy < this.size)
-          this.setFunctionModule(xx, yy, dist != 2 && dist != 4);
+  // Compute ECC, draw modules
+  const allCodewords: byte[] = addEccAndInterleave(version, errorCorrectionLevel, dataCodewords);
+
+  // Draw codewords
+  if (allCodewords.length !== Math.floor(getNumRawDataModules(version) / 8))
+    throw 'Invalid argument';
+  let bitIndex: int = 0; // Bit index into the data
+  // Do the funny zigzag scan
+  for (let right = size - 1; right >= 1; right -= 2) {
+    // Index of right column in each column pair
+    if (right === 6) right = 5;
+    for (let vert = 0; vert < size; vert++) {
+      // Vertical counter
+      for (let j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+        const x: int = right - j; // Actual x coordinate
+        const upward: boolean = ((right + 1) & 2) === 0;
+        const y: int = upward ? size - 1 - vert : vert; // Actual y coordinate
+        if (!isFunction[y][x] && bitIndex < allCodewords.length * 8) {
+          modules[y][x] = getBit(allCodewords[bitIndex >>> 3], 7 - (bitIndex & 7));
+          bitIndex++;
+        }
+        // If this QR Code has any remainder bits (0 to 7), they were assigned as
+        // 0/false/white by the constructor and are left unchanged by this method
       }
     }
   }
-
-  // Draws a 5*5 alignment pattern, with the center module
-  // at (x, y). All modules must be in bounds.
-  private drawAlignmentPattern(x: int, y: int): void {
-    for (let dy = -2; dy <= 2; dy++) {
-      for (let dx = -2; dx <= 2; dx++)
-        this.setFunctionModule(x + dx, y + dy, Math.max(Math.abs(dx), Math.abs(dy)) != 1);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Sets the color of a module and marks it as a function module.
-  // Only used by the constructor. Coordinates must be in bounds.
-  private setFunctionModule(x: int, y: int, isBlack: boolean): void {
-    this.modules[y][x] = isBlack;
-    this.isFunction[y][x] = true;
-  }
-
-  /*-- Private helper methods for constructor: Codewords and masking --*/
-
-  // Returns a new byte string representing the given data with the appropriate error correction
-  // codewords appended to it, based on this object's version and error correction level.
-  private addEccAndInterleave(data: Array<byte>): Array<byte> {
-    const ver: int = this.version;
-    const ecl: QrCode.Ecc = this.errorCorrectionLevel;
-    if (data.length != QrCode.getNumDataCodewords(ver, ecl)) throw 'Invalid argument';
-
-    // Calculate parameter numbers
-    const numBlocks: int = QrCode.NUM_ERROR_CORRECTION_BLOCKS[ecl.ordinal][ver];
-    const blockEccLen: int = QrCode.ECC_CODEWORDS_PER_BLOCK[ecl.ordinal][ver];
-    const rawCodewords: int = Math.floor(QrCode.getNumRawDataModules(ver) / 8);
-    const numShortBlocks: int = numBlocks - (rawCodewords % numBlocks);
-    const shortBlockLen: int = Math.floor(rawCodewords / numBlocks);
-
-    // Split data into blocks and append ECC to each block
-    let blocks: Array<Array<byte>> = [];
-    const rs = new ReedSolomonGenerator(blockEccLen);
-    for (let i = 0, k = 0; i < numBlocks; i++) {
-      let dat: Array<byte> = data.slice(k, k + shortBlockLen - blockEccLen + (i < numShortBlocks ? 0 : 1));
-      k += dat.length;
-      const ecc: Array<byte> = rs.getRemainder(dat);
-      if (i < numShortBlocks) dat.push(0);
-      blocks.push(dat.concat(ecc));
-    }
-
-    // Interleave (not concatenate) the bytes from every block into a single sequence
-    let result: Array<byte> = [];
-    for (let i = 0; i < blocks[0].length; i++) {
-      for (let j = 0; j < blocks.length; j++) {
-        // Skip the padding byte in short blocks
-        if (i != shortBlockLen - blockEccLen || j >= numShortBlocks) result.push(blocks[j][i]);
+  if (bitIndex !== allCodewords.length * 8) throw 'Assertion error';
+
+  // Do masking
+  let finalMask = mask;
+  if (finalMask === -1) {
+    // Automatically choose best mask
+    let minPenalty: int = 1000000000;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+      applyMask(modules, isFunction, size, i);
+      drawFormatBits(errorCorrectionLevel, i);
+      const penalty: int = getPenaltyScore(modules, size);
+      if (penalty < minPenalty) {
+        finalMask = i;
+        minPenalty = penalty;
       }
+      applyMask(modules, isFunction, size, i); // Undoes the mask due to XOR
     }
-    if (result.length != rawCodewords) throw 'Assertion error';
-    return result;
   }
+  if (finalMask < 0 || finalMask > 7) throw 'Assertion error';
+  applyMask(modules, isFunction, size, finalMask);
+  // Redraw format bits with final mask
+  // We need to update format bits, but modules are already set
+  // So we need to redraw them
+  {
+    const data: int = (errorCorrectionLevel.formatBits << 3) | finalMask;
+    let rem: int = data;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) rem = (rem << 1) ^ ((rem >>> 9) * 0x537);
+    const bits = ((data << 10) | rem) ^ 0x5412;
+    if (bits >>> 15 !== 0) throw 'Assertion error';
+    for (let i = 0; i <= 5; i++) modules[i][8] = getBit(bits, i);
+    modules[7][8] = getBit(bits, 6);
+    modules[8][8] = getBit(bits, 7);
+    modules[8][7] = getBit(bits, 8);
+    for (let i = 9; i < 15; i++) modules[8][14 - i] = getBit(bits, i);
+    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) modules[8][size - 1 - i] = getBit(bits, i);
+    for (let i = 8; i < 15; i++) modules[size - 15 + i][8] = getBit(bits, i);
+    modules[size - 8][8] = true; // Always black
+  }
+
+  return {
+    version,
+    errorCorrectionLevel,
+    size,
+    mask: finalMask,
+    modules,
+  };
+}
 
-  // Draws the given sequence of 8-bit codewords (data and error correction) onto the entire
-  // data area of this QR Code. Function modules need to be marked off before this is called.
-  private drawCodewords(data: Array<byte>): void {
-    if (data.length != Math.floor(QrCode.getNumRawDataModules(this.version) / 8)) throw 'Invalid argument';
-    let i: int = 0; // Bit index into the data
-    // Do the funny zigzag scan
-    for (let right = this.size - 1; right >= 1; right -= 2) {
-      // Index of right column in each column pair
-      if (right == 6) right = 5;
-      for (let vert = 0; vert < this.size; vert++) {
-        // Vertical counter
-        for (let j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
-          const x: int = right - j; // Actual x coordinate
-          const upward: boolean = ((right + 1) & 2) == 0;
-          const y: int = upward ? this.size - 1 - vert : vert; // Actual y coordinate
-          if (!this.isFunction[y][x] && i < data.length * 8) {
-            this.modules[y][x] = getBit(data[i >>> 3], 7 - (i & 7));
-            i++;
-          }
-          // If this QR Code has any remainder bits (0 to 7), they were assigned as
-          // 0/false/white by the constructor and are left unchanged by this method
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    if (i != data.length * 8) throw 'Assertion error';
+/*---- Private helper functions ----*/
+
+// Returns an ascending list of positions of alignment patterns for this version number.
+// Each position is in the range [0,177), and are used on both the x and y axes.
+function getAlignmentPatternPositions(version: int, size: int): int[] {
+  if (version === 1) return [];
+  else {
+    const numAlign: int = Math.floor(version / 7) + 2;
+    const step: int = version === 32 ? 26 : Math.ceil((size - 13) / (numAlign * 2 - 2)) * 2;
+    const result: int[] = [6];
+    for (let pos = size - 7; result.length < numAlign; pos -= step) result.splice(1, 0, pos);
+    return result;
   }
+}
 
-  // XORs the codeword modules in this QR Code with the given mask pattern.
-  // The function modules must be marked and the codeword bits must be drawn
-  // before masking. Due to the arithmetic of XOR, calling applyMask() with
-  // the same mask value a second time will undo the mask. A final well-formed
-  // QR Code needs exactly one (not zero, two, etc.) mask applied.
-  private applyMask(mask: int): void {
-    if (mask < 0 || mask > 7) throw 'Mask value out of range';
-    for (let y = 0; y < this.size; y++) {
-      for (let x = 0; x < this.size; x++) {
-        let invert: boolean;
-        switch (mask) {
-          case 0:
-            invert = (x + y) % 2 == 0;
-            break;
-          case 1:
-            invert = y % 2 == 0;
-            break;
-          case 2:
-            invert = x % 3 == 0;
-            break;
-          case 3:
-            invert = (x + y) % 3 == 0;
-            break;
-          case 4:
-            invert = (Math.floor(x / 3) + Math.floor(y / 2)) % 2 == 0;
-            break;
-          case 5:
-            invert = ((x * y) % 2) + ((x * y) % 3) == 0;
-            break;
-          case 6:
-            invert = (((x * y) % 2) + ((x * y) % 3)) % 2 == 0;
-            break;
-          case 7:
-            invert = (((x + y) % 2) + ((x * y) % 3)) % 2 == 0;
-            break;
-          default:
-            throw 'Assertion error';
-        }
-        if (!this.isFunction[y][x] && invert) this.modules[y][x] = !this.modules[y][x];
+// XORs the codeword modules in this QR Code with the given mask pattern.
+// The function modules must be marked and the codeword bits must be drawn
+// before masking. Due to the arithmetic of XOR, calling applyMask() with
+// the same mask value a second time will undo the mask. A final well-formed
+// QR Code needs exactly one (not zero, two, etc.) mask applied.
+function applyMask(modules: boolean[][], isFunction: boolean[][], size: int, mask: int): void {
+  if (mask < 0 || mask > 7) throw 'Mask value out of range';
+  for (let y = 0; y < size; y++) {
+    for (let x = 0; x < size; x++) {
+      let invert: boolean;
+      switch (mask) {
+        case 0:
+          invert = (x + y) % 2 === 0;
+          break;
+        case 1:
+          invert = y % 2 === 0;
+          break;
+        case 2:
+          invert = x % 3 === 0;
+          break;
+        case 3:
+          invert = (x + y) % 3 === 0;
+          break;
+        case 4:
+          invert = (Math.floor(x / 3) + Math.floor(y / 2)) % 2 === 0;
+          break;
+        case 5:
+          invert = ((x * y) % 2) + ((x * y) % 3) === 0;
+          break;
+        case 6:
+          invert = (((x * y) % 2) + ((x * y) % 3)) % 2 === 0;
+          break;
+        case 7:
+          invert = (((x + y) % 2) + ((x * y) % 3)) % 2 === 0;
+          break;
+        default:
+          throw 'Assertion error';
       }
+      if (!isFunction[y][x] && invert) modules[y][x] = !modules[y][x];
     }
   }
+}
 
-  // Calculates and returns the penalty score based on state of this QR Code's current modules.
-  // This is used by the automatic mask choice algorithm to find the mask pattern that yields the lowest score.
-  private getPenaltyScore(): int {
-    let result: int = 0;
-
-    // Adjacent modules in row having same color, and finder-like patterns
-    for (let y = 0; y < this.size; y++) {
-      let runHistory = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
-      let color = false;
-      let runX = 0;
-      for (let x = 0; x < this.size; x++) {
-        if (this.modules[y][x] == color) {
-          runX++;
-          if (runX == 5) result += QrCode.PENALTY_N1;
-          else if (runX > 5) result++;
-        } else {
-          QrCode.addRunToHistory(runX, runHistory);
-          if (!color && QrCode.hasFinderLikePattern(runHistory)) result += QrCode.PENALTY_N3;
-          color = this.modules[y][x];
-          runX = 1;
-        }
-      }
-      QrCode.addRunToHistory(runX, runHistory);
-      if (color) QrCode.addRunToHistory(0, runHistory); // Dummy run of white
-      if (QrCode.hasFinderLikePattern(runHistory)) result += QrCode.PENALTY_N3;
-    }
-    // Adjacent modules in column having same color, and finder-like patterns
-    for (let x = 0; x < this.size; x++) {
-      let runHistory = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
-      let color = false;
-      let runY = 0;
-      for (let y = 0; y < this.size; y++) {
-        if (this.modules[y][x] == color) {
-          runY++;
-          if (runY == 5) result += QrCode.PENALTY_N1;
-          else if (runY > 5) result++;
-        } else {
-          QrCode.addRunToHistory(runY, runHistory);
-          if (!color && QrCode.hasFinderLikePattern(runHistory)) result += QrCode.PENALTY_N3;
-          color = this.modules[y][x];
-          runY = 1;
-        }
-      }
-      QrCode.addRunToHistory(runY, runHistory);
-      if (color) QrCode.addRunToHistory(0, runHistory); // Dummy run of white
-      if (QrCode.hasFinderLikePattern(runHistory)) result += QrCode.PENALTY_N3;
-    }
-
-    // 2*2 blocks of modules having same color
-    for (let y = 0; y < this.size - 1; y++) {
-      for (let x = 0; x < this.size - 1; x++) {
-        const color: boolean = this.modules[y][x];
-        if (color == this.modules[y][x + 1] && color == this.modules[y + 1][x] && color == this.modules[y + 1][x + 1])
-          result += QrCode.PENALTY_N2;
+// Calculates and returns the penalty score based on state of this QR Code's current modules.
+// This is used by the automatic mask choice algorithm to find the mask pattern that yields the lowest score.
+function getPenaltyScore(modules: boolean[][], size: int): int {
+  let result: int = 0;
+
+  // Adjacent modules in row having same color, and finder-like patterns
+  for (let y = 0; y < size; y++) {
+    const runHistory = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
+    let color = false;
+    let runX = 0;
+    for (let x = 0; x < size; x++) {
+      if (modules[y][x] === color) {
+        runX++;
+        if (runX === 5) result += PENALTY_N1;
+        else if (runX > 5) result++;
+      } else {
+        addRunToHistory(runX, runHistory);
+        if (!color && hasFinderLikePattern(runHistory)) result += PENALTY_N3;
+        color = modules[y][x];
+        runX = 1;
       }
     }
-
-    // Balance of black and white modules
-    let black: int = 0;
-    for (const row of this.modules) {
-      for (const color of row) {
-        if (color) black++;
+    addRunToHistory(runX, runHistory);
+    if (color) addRunToHistory(0, runHistory); // Dummy run of white
+    if (hasFinderLikePattern(runHistory)) result += PENALTY_N3;
+  }
+  // Adjacent modules in column having same color, and finder-like patterns
+  for (let x = 0; x < size; x++) {
+    const runHistory = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
+    let color = false;
+    let runY = 0;
+    for (let y = 0; y < size; y++) {
+      if (modules[y][x] === color) {
+        runY++;
+        if (runY === 5) result += PENALTY_N1;
+        else if (runY > 5) result++;
+      } else {
+        addRunToHistory(runY, runHistory);
+        if (!color && hasFinderLikePattern(runHistory)) result += PENALTY_N3;
+        color = modules[y][x];
+        runY = 1;
       }
     }
-    const total: int = this.size * this.size; // Note that size is odd, so black/total != 1/2
-    // Compute the smallest integer k >= 0 such that (45-5k)% <= black/total <= (55+5k)%
-    const k: int = Math.ceil(Math.abs(black * 20 - total * 10) / total) - 1;
-    result += k * QrCode.PENALTY_N4;
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  /*-- Private helper functions --*/
-
-  // Returns an ascending list of positions of alignment patterns for this version number.
-  // Each position is in the range [0,177), and are used on both the x and y axes.
-  // This could be implemented as lookup table of 40 variable-length lists of integers.
-  private getAlignmentPatternPositions(): Array<int> {
-    if (this.version == 1) return [];
-    else {
-      const numAlign: int = Math.floor(this.version / 7) + 2;
-      const step: int = this.version == 32 ? 26 : Math.ceil((this.size - 13) / (numAlign * 2 - 2)) * 2;
-      let result: Array<int> = [6];
-      for (let pos = this.size - 7; result.length < numAlign; pos -= step) result.splice(1, 0, pos);
-      return result;
+    addRunToHistory(runY, runHistory);
+    if (color) addRunToHistory(0, runHistory); // Dummy run of white
+    if (hasFinderLikePattern(runHistory)) result += PENALTY_N3;
+  }
+
+  // 2*2 blocks of modules having same color
+  for (let y = 0; y < size - 1; y++) {
+    for (let x = 0; x < size - 1; x++) {
+      const color: boolean = modules[y][x];
+      if (
+        color === modules[y][x + 1] &&
+        color === modules[y + 1][x] &&
+        color === modules[y + 1][x + 1]
+      )
+        result += PENALTY_N2;
     }
   }
 
-  // Returns the number of data bits that can be stored in a QR Code of the given version number, after
-  // all function modules are excluded. This includes remainder bits, so it might not be a multiple of 8.
-  // The result is in the range [208, 29648]. This could be implemented as a 40-entry lookup table.
-  private static getNumRawDataModules(ver: int): int {
-    if (ver < QrCode.MIN_VERSION || ver > QrCode.MAX_VERSION) throw 'Version number out of range';
-    let result: int = (16 * ver + 128) * ver + 64;
-    if (ver >= 2) {
-      const numAlign: int = Math.floor(ver / 7) + 2;
-      result -= (25 * numAlign - 10) * numAlign - 55;
-      if (ver >= 7) result -= 36;
+  // Balance of black and white modules
+  let black: int = 0;
+  for (const row of modules) {
+    for (const color of row) {
+      if (color) black++;
     }
-    return result;
   }
+  const total: int = size * size; // Note that size is odd, so black/total != 1/2
+  // Compute the smallest integer k >= 0 such that (45-5k)% <= black/total <= (55+5k)%
+  const k: int = Math.ceil(Math.abs(black * 20 - total * 10) / total) - 1;
+  result += k * PENALTY_N4;
+  return result;
+}
 
-  // Returns the number of 8-bit data (i.e. not error correction) codewords contained in any
-  // QR Code of the given version number and error correction level, with remainder bits discarded.
-  // This stateless pure function could be implemented as a (40*4)-cell lookup table.
-  private static getNumDataCodewords(ver: int, ecl: QrCode.Ecc): int {
-    return (
-      Math.floor(QrCode.getNumRawDataModules(ver) / 8) -
-      QrCode.ECC_CODEWORDS_PER_BLOCK[ecl.ordinal][ver] * QrCode.NUM_ERROR_CORRECTION_BLOCKS[ecl.ordinal][ver]
-    );
-  }
+// Inserts the given value to the front of the given array, which shifts over the
+// existing values and deletes the last value. A helper function for getPenaltyScore().
+function addRunToHistory(run: int, history: int[]): void {
+  history.pop();
+  history.unshift(run);
+}
 
-  // Inserts the given value to the front of the given array, which shifts over the
-  // existing values and deletes the last value. A helper function for getPenaltyScore().
-  private static addRunToHistory(run: int, history: Array<int>): void {
-    history.pop();
-    history.unshift(run);
-  }
+// Tests whether the given run history has the pattern of ratio 1:1:3:1:1 in the middle, and
+// surrounded by at least 4 on either or both ends. A helper function for getPenaltyScore().
+// Must only be called immediately after a run of white modules has ended.
+function hasFinderLikePattern(runHistory: int[]): boolean {
+  const n: int = runHistory[1];
+  return (
+    n > 0 &&
+    runHistory[2] === n &&
+    runHistory[4] === n &&
+    runHistory[5] === n &&
+    runHistory[3] === n * 3 &&
+    Math.max(runHistory[0], runHistory[6]) >= n * 4
+  );
+}
 
-  // Tests whether the given run history has the pattern of ratio 1:1:3:1:1 in the middle, and
-  // surrounded by at least 4 on either or both ends. A helper function for getPenaltyScore().
-  // Must only be called immediately after a run of white modules has ended.
-  private static hasFinderLikePattern(runHistory: Array<int>): boolean {
-    const n: int = runHistory[1];
-    return (
-      n > 0 &&
-      runHistory[2] == n &&
-      runHistory[4] == n &&
-      runHistory[5] == n &&
-      runHistory[3] == n * 3 &&
-      Math.max(runHistory[0], runHistory[6]) >= n * 4
+// Returns a new byte string representing the given data with the appropriate error correction
+// codewords appended to it, based on this object's version and error correction level.
+function addEccAndInterleave(version: int, ecl: QrCodeEccValue, data: byte[]): byte[] {
+  if (data.length !== getNumDataCodewords(version, ecl)) throw 'Invalid argument';
+
+  // Calculate parameter numbers
+  const numBlocks: int = NUM_ERROR_CORRECTION_BLOCKS[ecl.ordinal][version];
+  const blockEccLen: int = ECC_CODEWORDS_PER_BLOCK[ecl.ordinal][version];
+  const rawCodewords: int = Math.floor(getNumRawDataModules(version) / 8);
+  const numShortBlocks: int = numBlocks - (rawCodewords % numBlocks);
+  const shortBlockLen: int = Math.floor(rawCodewords / numBlocks);
+
+  // Split data into blocks and append ECC to each block
+  const blocks: byte[][] = [];
+  const rs = createReedSolomonGenerator(blockEccLen);
+  for (let i = 0, k = 0; i < numBlocks; i++) {
+    const dat: byte[] = data.slice(
+      k,
+      k + shortBlockLen - blockEccLen + (i < numShortBlocks ? 0 : 1),
     );
+    k += dat.length;
+    const ecc: byte[] = rs.getRemainder(dat);
+    if (i < numShortBlocks) dat.push(0);
+    blocks.push(dat.concat(ecc));
+  }
+
+  // Interleave (not concatenate) the bytes from every block into a single sequence
+  const result: byte[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < blocks[0].length; i++) {
+    for (let j = 0; j < blocks.length; j++) {
+      // Skip the padding byte in short blocks
+      if (i !== shortBlockLen - blockEccLen || j >= numShortBlocks) result.push(blocks[j][i]);
+    }
   }
+  if (result.length !== rawCodewords) throw 'Assertion error';
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Returns the number of data bits that can be stored in a QR Code of the given version number, after
+// all function modules are excluded. This includes remainder bits, so it might not be a multiple of 8.
+// The result is in the range [208, 29648]. This could be implemented as a 40-entry lookup table.
+function getNumRawDataModules(ver: int): int {
+  if (ver < MIN_VERSION || ver > MAX_VERSION) throw 'Version number out of range';
+  let result: int = (16 * ver + 128) * ver + 64;
+  if (ver >= 2) {
+    const numAlign: int = Math.floor(ver / 7) + 2;
+    result -= (25 * numAlign - 10) * numAlign - 55;
+    if (ver >= 7) result -= 36;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
 
-  /*-- Constants and tables --*/
-
-  // The minimum version number supported in the QR Code Model 2 standard.
-  public static readonly MIN_VERSION: int = 1;
-  // The maximum version number supported in the QR Code Model 2 standard.
-  public static readonly MAX_VERSION: int = 40;
-
-  // For use in getPenaltyScore(), when evaluating which mask is best.
-  private static readonly PENALTY_N1: int = 3;
-  private static readonly PENALTY_N2: int = 3;
-  private static readonly PENALTY_N3: int = 40;
-  private static readonly PENALTY_N4: int = 10;
-
-  private static readonly ECC_CODEWORDS_PER_BLOCK: Array<Array<int>> = [
-    /* eslint-disable */
-    // Version: (note that index 0 is for padding, and is set to an illegal value)
-    //0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40    Error correction level
-    // prettier-ignore
-    [-1, 7, 10, 15, 20, 26, 18, 20, 24, 30, 18, 20, 24, 26, 30, 22, 24, 28, 30, 28, 28, 28, 28, 30, 30, 26, 28, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30], // Low
-    // prettier-ignore
-    [-1, 10, 16, 26, 18, 24, 16, 18, 22, 22, 26, 30, 22, 22, 24, 24, 28, 28, 26, 26, 26, 26, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28], // Medium
-    // prettier-ignore
-    [-1, 13, 22, 18, 26, 18, 24, 18, 22, 20, 24, 28, 26, 24, 20, 30, 24, 28, 28, 26, 30, 28, 30, 30, 30, 30, 28, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30], // Quartile
-    // prettier-ignore
-    [-1, 17, 28, 22, 16, 22, 28, 26, 26, 24, 28, 24, 28, 22, 24, 24, 30, 28, 28, 26, 28, 30, 24, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30] // High
-    /* eslint-enable */
-  ];
-
-  private static readonly NUM_ERROR_CORRECTION_BLOCKS: Array<Array<int>> = [
-    /* eslint-disable */
-    // Version: (note that index 0 is for padding, and is set to an illegal value)
-    //0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40    Error correction level
-    // prettier-ignore
-    [-1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 12, 12, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25], // Low
-    // prettier-ignore
-    [-1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 49 ], // Medium
-    // prettier-ignore
-    [-1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, 10, 12, 16, 12, 17, 16, 18, 21, 20, 23, 23, 25, 27, 29, 34, 34, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 48, 51, 53, 56, 59, 62, 65, 68], // Quartile
-    // prettier-ignore
-    [-1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 8, 8, 11, 11, 16, 16, 18, 16, 19, 21, 25, 25, 25, 34, 30, 32, 35, 37, 40, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 70, 74, 77, 81] // High
-    /* eslint-enable */
-  ];
+// Returns the number of 8-bit data (i.e. not error correction) codewords contained in any
+// QR Code of the given version number and error correction level, with remainder bits discarded.
+// This stateless pure function could be implemented as a (40*4)-cell lookup table.
+function getNumDataCodewords(ver: int, ecl: QrCodeEccValue): int {
+  return (
+    Math.floor(getNumRawDataModules(ver) / 8) -
+    ECC_CODEWORDS_PER_BLOCK[ecl.ordinal][ver] * NUM_ERROR_CORRECTION_BLOCKS[ecl.ordinal][ver]
+  );
 }
 
 // Returns true iff the i'th bit of x is set to 1.
 function getBit(x: int, i: int): boolean {
-  return ((x >>> i) & 1) != 0;
+  return ((x >>> i) & 1) !== 0;
 }
 
-/*---- Data segment class ----*/
+/*---- Data segment type and factory functions ----*/
 
 /*
  * A segment of character/binary/control data in a QR Code symbol.
- * Instances of this class are immutable.
  * The mid-level way to create a segment is to take the payload data
- * and call a static factory function such as QrSegment.makeNumeric().
+ * and call a factory function such as makeNumeric().
  * The low-level way to create a segment is to custom-make the bit buffer
- * and call the QrSegment() constructor with appropriate values.
- * This segment class imposes no length restrictions, but QR Codes have restrictions.
+ * and call createQrSegment() with appropriate values.
+ * This segment imposes no length restrictions, but QR Codes have restrictions.
  * Even in the most favorable conditions, a QR Code can only hold 7089 characters of data.
  * Any segment longer than this is meaningless for the purpose of generating QR Codes.
  */
-export class QrSegment {
-  /*-- Static factory functions (mid level) --*/
-
-  // Returns a segment representing the given binary data encoded in
-  // byte mode. All input byte arrays are acceptable. Any text string
-  // can be converted to UTF-8 bytes and encoded as a byte mode segment.
-  public static makeBytes(data: Array<byte>): QrSegment {
-    let bb = new BitBuffer();
-    for (const b of data) bb.appendBits(b, 8);
-    return new QrSegment(QrSegment.Mode.BYTE, data.length, bb.array);
-  }
-
-  // Returns a segment representing the given string of decimal digits encoded in numeric mode.
-  public static makeNumeric(digits: string): QrSegment {
-    if (!this.NUMERIC_REGEX.test(digits)) throw 'String contains non-numeric characters';
-    let bb = new BitBuffer();
-    for (let i = 0; i < digits.length; ) {
-      // Consume up to 3 digits per iteration
-      const n: int = Math.min(digits.length - i, 3);
-      bb.appendBits(parseInt(digits.substr(i, n), 10), n * 3 + 1);
-      i += n;
-    }
-    return new QrSegment(QrSegment.Mode.NUMERIC, digits.length, bb.array);
-  }
-
-  // Returns a segment representing the given text string encoded in alphanumeric mode.
-  // The characters allowed are: 0 to 9, A to Z (uppercase only), space,
-  // dollar, percent, asterisk, plus, hyphen, period, slash, colon.
-  public static makeAlphanumeric(text: string): QrSegment {
-    if (!this.ALPHANUMERIC_REGEX.test(text)) throw 'String contains unencodable characters in alphanumeric mode';
-    let bb = new BitBuffer();
-    let i: int;
-    for (i = 0; i + 2 <= text.length; i += 2) {
-      // Process groups of 2
-      let temp: int = QrSegment.ALPHANUMERIC_CHARSET.indexOf(text.charAt(i)) * 45;
-      temp += QrSegment.ALPHANUMERIC_CHARSET.indexOf(text.charAt(i + 1));
-      bb.appendBits(temp, 11);
-    }
-    if (i < text.length)
-      // 1 character remaining
-      bb.appendBits(QrSegment.ALPHANUMERIC_CHARSET.indexOf(text.charAt(i)), 6);
-    return new QrSegment(QrSegment.Mode.ALPHANUMERIC, text.length, bb.array);
-  }
+export interface QrSegment {
+  /** The mode indicator of this segment. */
+  readonly mode: QrSegmentModeValue;
+  /** The length of this segment's unencoded data. Measured in characters for
+   * numeric/alphanumeric/kanji mode, bytes for byte mode, and 0 for ECI mode.
+   * Always zero or positive. Not the same as the data's bit length.
+   */
+  readonly numChars: int;
+  /** Returns a new copy of the data bits of this segment. */
+  getData(): bit[];
+}
 
-  // Returns a new mutable list of zero or more segments to represent the given Unicode text string.
-  // The result may use various segment modes and switch modes to optimize the length of the bit stream.
-  public static makeSegments(text: string): Array<QrSegment> {
-    // Select the most efficient segment encoding automatically
-    if (text == '') return [];
-    else if (this.NUMERIC_REGEX.test(text)) return [QrSegment.makeNumeric(text)];
-    else if (this.ALPHANUMERIC_REGEX.test(text)) return [QrSegment.makeAlphanumeric(text)];
-    else return [QrSegment.makeBytes(QrSegment.toUtf8ByteArray(text))];
-  }
+// Creates a new QR Code segment with the given attributes and data.
+// The character count (numChars) must agree with the mode and the bit buffer length,
+// but the constraint isn't checked. The given bit buffer is cloned and stored.
+function createQrSegment(mode: QrSegmentModeValue, numChars: int, bitData: bit[]): QrSegment {
+  if (numChars < 0) throw 'Invalid argument';
+  const data = bitData.slice(); // Make defensive copy
+  return {
+    mode,
+    numChars,
+    getData: () => data.slice(), // Make defensive copy
+  };
+}
 
-  // Returns a segment representing an Extended Channel Interpretation
-  // (ECI) designator with the given assignment value.
-  public static makeEci(assignVal: int): QrSegment {
-    let bb = new BitBuffer();
-    if (assignVal < 0) throw 'ECI assignment value out of range';
-    else if (assignVal < 1 << 7) bb.appendBits(assignVal, 8);
-    else if (assignVal < 1 << 14) {
-      bb.appendBits(2, 2);
-      bb.appendBits(assignVal, 14);
-    } else if (assignVal < 1000000) {
-      bb.appendBits(6, 3);
-      bb.appendBits(assignVal, 21);
-    } else throw 'ECI assignment value out of range';
-    return new QrSegment(QrSegment.Mode.ECI, 0, bb.array);
-  }
+// Returns a segment representing the given binary data encoded in
+// byte mode. All input byte arrays are acceptable. Any text string
+// can be converted to UTF-8 bytes and encoded as a byte mode segment.
+function makeBytes(data: byte[]): QrSegment {
+  const bb = createBitBuffer();
+  for (const b of data) bb.appendBits(b, 8);
+  return createQrSegment(QrSegmentMode.BYTE, data.length, bb.array);
+}
 
-  /*-- Constructor (low level) and fields --*/
-
-  // Creates a new QR Code segment with the given attributes and data.
-  // The character count (numChars) must agree with the mode and the bit buffer length,
-  // but the constraint isn't checked. The given bit buffer is cloned and stored.
-  public constructor(
-    // The mode indicator of this segment.
-    public readonly mode: QrSegment.Mode,
-
-    // The length of this segment's unencoded data. Measured in characters for
-    // numeric/alphanumeric/kanji mode, bytes for byte mode, and 0 for ECI mode.
-    // Always zero or positive. Not the same as the data's bit length.
-    public readonly numChars: int,
-
-    // The data bits of this segment. Accessed through getData().
-    private readonly bitData: Array<bit>
-  ) {
-    if (numChars < 0) throw 'Invalid argument';
-    this.bitData = bitData.slice(); // Make defensive copy
-  }
+// Returns a segment representing the given string of decimal digits encoded in numeric mode.
+function makeNumeric(digits: string): QrSegment {
+  if (!NUMERIC_REGEX.test(digits)) throw 'String contains non-numeric characters';
+  const bb = createBitBuffer();
+  for (let i = 0; i < digits.length; ) {
+    // Consume up to 3 digits per iteration
+    const n: int = Math.min(digits.length - i, 3);
+    bb.appendBits(parseInt(digits.substr(i, n), 10), n * 3 + 1);
+    i += n;
+  }
+  return createQrSegment(QrSegmentMode.NUMERIC, digits.length, bb.array);
+}
 
-  /*-- Methods --*/
+// Returns a segment representing the given text string encoded in alphanumeric mode.
+// The characters allowed are: 0 to 9, A to Z (uppercase only), space,
+// dollar, percent, asterisk, plus, hyphen, period, slash, colon.
+function makeAlphanumeric(text: string): QrSegment {
+  if (!ALPHANUMERIC_REGEX.test(text))
+    throw 'String contains unencodable characters in alphanumeric mode';
+  const bb = createBitBuffer();
+  let i: int;
+  for (i = 0; i + 2 <= text.length; i += 2) {
+    // Process groups of 2
+    let temp: int = ALPHANUMERIC_CHARSET.indexOf(text.charAt(i)) * 45;
+    temp += ALPHANUMERIC_CHARSET.indexOf(text.charAt(i + 1));
+    bb.appendBits(temp, 11);
+  }
+  if (i < text.length)
+    // 1 character remaining
+    bb.appendBits(ALPHANUMERIC_CHARSET.indexOf(text.charAt(i)), 6);
+  return createQrSegment(QrSegmentMode.ALPHANUMERIC, text.length, bb.array);
+}
 
-  // Returns a new copy of the data bits of this segment.
-  public getData(): Array<bit> {
-    return this.bitData.slice(); // Make defensive copy
-  }
+// Returns a new mutable list of zero or more segments to represent the given Unicode text string.
+// The result may use various segment modes and switch modes to optimize the length of the bit stream.
+export function makeSegments(text: string): QrSegment[] {
+  // Select the most efficient segment encoding automatically
+  if (text === '') return [];
+  else if (NUMERIC_REGEX.test(text)) return [makeNumeric(text)];
+  else if (ALPHANUMERIC_REGEX.test(text)) return [makeAlphanumeric(text)];
+  else return [makeBytes(toUtf8ByteArray(text))];
+}
 
-  // (Package-private) Calculates and returns the number of bits needed to encode the given segments at
-  // the given version. The result is infinity if a segment has too many characters to fit its length field.
-  public static getTotalBits(segs: Array<QrSegment>, version: int): number {
-    let result: number = 0;
-    for (const seg of segs) {
-      const ccbits: int = seg.mode.numCharCountBits(version);
-      if (seg.numChars >= 1 << ccbits) return Infinity; // The segment's length doesn't fit the field's bit width
-      result += 4 + ccbits + seg.bitData.length;
-    }
-    return result;
+// Calculates and returns the number of bits needed to encode the given segments at
+// the given version. The result is infinity if a segment has too many characters to fit its length field.
+function getTotalBits(segs: QrSegment[], version: int): number {
+  let result: number = 0;
+  for (const seg of segs) {
+    const ccbits: int = numCharCountBits(seg.mode, version);
+    if (seg.numChars >= 1 << ccbits) return Infinity; // The segment's length doesn't fit the field's bit width
+    result += 4 + ccbits + seg.getData().length;
   }
+  return result;
+}
 
-  // Returns a new array of bytes representing the given string encoded in UTF-8.
-  private static toUtf8ByteArray(str: string): Array<byte> {
-    str = encodeURI(str);
-    let result: Array<byte> = [];
-    for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
-      if (str.charAt(i) != '%') result.push(str.charCodeAt(i));
-      else {
-        result.push(parseInt(str.substr(i + 1, 2), 16));
-        i += 2;
-      }
+// Returns a new array of bytes representing the given string encoded in UTF-8.
+function toUtf8ByteArray(str: string): byte[] {
+  str = encodeURI(str);
+  const result: byte[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+    if (str.charAt(i) !== '%') result.push(str.charCodeAt(i));
+    else {
+      result.push(parseInt(str.substr(i + 1, 2), 16));
+      i += 2;
     }
-    return result;
   }
+  return result;
+}
 
-  /*-- Constants --*/
-
-  // Describes precisely all strings that are encodable in numeric mode. To test
-  // whether a string s is encodable: let ok: boolean = NUMERIC_REGEX.test(s);
-  // A string is encodable iff each character is in the range 0 to 9.
-  public static readonly NUMERIC_REGEX: RegExp = /^[0-9]*$/;
+/*---- Private helper: BitBuffer ----*/
 
-  // Describes precisely all strings that are encodable in alphanumeric mode. To test
-  // whether a string s is encodable: let ok: boolean = ALPHANUMERIC_REGEX.test(s);
-  // A string is encodable iff each character is in the following set: 0 to 9, A to Z
-  // (uppercase only), space, dollar, percent, asterisk, plus, hyphen, period, slash, colon.
-  public static readonly ALPHANUMERIC_REGEX: RegExp = /^[A-Z0-9 $%*+.\/:-]*$/;
+/*
+ * An appendable sequence of bits (0s and 1s). Mainly used by QrSegment.
+ */
+interface BitBuffer {
+  array: bit[];
+  appendBits(val: int, len: int): void;
+}
 
-  // The set of all legal characters in alphanumeric mode,
-  // where each character value maps to the index in the string.
-  private static readonly ALPHANUMERIC_CHARSET: string = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ $%*+-./:';
+function createBitBuffer(): BitBuffer {
+  const array: bit[] = [];
+  return {
+    array,
+    appendBits(val: int, len: int): void {
+      if (len < 0 || len > 31 || val >>> len !== 0) throw 'Value out of range';
+      for (let i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+        // Append bit by bit
+        array.push((val >>> i) & 1);
+    },
+  };
 }
 
-/*---- Private helper classes ----*/
+/*---- Private helper: ReedSolomonGenerator ----*/
 
 /*
  * Computes the Reed-Solomon error correction codewords for a sequence of data codewords
  * at a given degree. Objects are immutable, and the state only depends on the degree.
- * This class exists because each data block in a QR Code shares the same the divisor polynomial.
+ * This exists because each data block in a QR Code shares the same the divisor polynomial.
  */
-class ReedSolomonGenerator {
-  // Coefficients of the divisor polynomial, stored from highest to lowest power, excluding the leading term which
-  // is always 1. For example the polynomial x^3 + 255x^2 + 8x + 93 is stored as the uint8 array {255, 8, 93}.
-  private readonly coefficients: Array<byte> = [];
-
-  // Creates a Reed-Solomon ECC generator for the given degree. This could be implemented
-  // as a lookup table over all possible parameter values, instead of as an algorithm.
-  public constructor(degree: int) {
-    if (degree < 1 || degree > 255) throw 'Degree out of range';
-    let coefs = this.coefficients;
-
-    // Start with the monomial x^0
-    for (let i = 0; i < degree - 1; i++) coefs.push(0);
-    coefs.push(1);
-
-    // Compute the product polynomial (x - r^0) * (x - r^1) * (x - r^2) * ... * (x - r^{degree-1}),
-    // drop the highest term, and store the rest of the coefficients in order of descending powers.
-    // Note that r = 0x02, which is a generator element of this field GF(2^8/0x11D).
-    let root = 1;
-    for (let i = 0; i < degree; i++) {
-      // Multiply the current product by (x - r^i)
-      for (let j = 0; j < coefs.length; j++) {
-        coefs[j] = ReedSolomonGenerator.multiply(coefs[j], root);
-        if (j + 1 < coefs.length) coefs[j] ^= coefs[j + 1];
-      }
-      root = ReedSolomonGenerator.multiply(root, 0x02);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Computes and returns the Reed-Solomon error correction codewords for the given
-  // sequence of data codewords. The returned object is always a new byte array.
-  // This method does not alter this object's state (because it is immutable).
-  public getRemainder(data: Array<byte>): Array<byte> {
-    // Compute the remainder by performing polynomial division
-    let result: Array<byte> = this.coefficients.map(_ => 0);
-    for (const b of data) {
-      const factor: byte = b ^ (result.shift() as byte);
-      result.push(0);
-      this.coefficients.forEach((coef, i) => (result[i] ^= ReedSolomonGenerator.multiply(coef, factor)));
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  // Returns the product of the two given field elements modulo GF(2^8/0x11D). The arguments and result
-  // are unsigned 8-bit integers. This could be implemented as a lookup table of 256*256 entries of uint8.
-  private static multiply(x: byte, y: byte): byte {
-    if (x >>> 8 != 0 || y >>> 8 != 0) throw 'Byte out of range';
-    // Russian peasant multiplication
-    let z: int = 0;
-    for (let i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
-      z = (z << 1) ^ ((z >>> 7) * 0x11d);
-      z ^= ((y >>> i) & 1) * x;
-    }
-    if (z >>> 8 != 0) throw 'Assertion error';
-    return z as byte;
-  }
+interface ReedSolomonGenerator {
+  getRemainder(data: byte[]): byte[];
 }
 
-/*
- * An appendable sequence of bits (0s and 1s). Mainly used by QrSegment.
- * The implicit constructor creates an empty bit buffer (length 0).
- */
-class BitBuffer {
-  public array: Array<bit> = [];
-
-  // Appends the given number of low-order bits of the given value
-  // to this buffer. Requires 0 <= len <= 31 and 0 <= val < 2^len.
-  public appendBits(val: int, len: int): void {
-    if (len < 0 || len > 31 || val >>> len != 0) throw 'Value out of range';
-    for (
-      let i = len - 1;
-      i >= 0;
-      i-- // Append bit by bit
-    )
-      this.array.push((val >>> i) & 1);
-  }
+function createReedSolomonGenerator(degree: int): ReedSolomonGenerator {
+  if (degree < 1 || degree > 255) throw 'Degree out of range';
+  const coefficients: byte[] = [];
+
+  // Start with the monomial x^0
+  for (let i = 0; i < degree - 1; i++) coefficients.push(0);
+  coefficients.push(1);
+
+  // Compute the product polynomial (x - r^0) * (x - r^1) * (x - r^2) * ... * (x - r^{degree-1}),
+  // drop the highest term, and store the rest of the coefficients in order of descending powers.
+  // Note that r = 0x02, which is a generator element of this field GF(2^8/0x11D).
+  let root = 1;
+  for (let i = 0; i < degree; i++) {
+    // Multiply the current product by (x - r^i)
+    for (let j = 0; j < coefficients.length; j++) {
+      coefficients[j] = rsMultiply(coefficients[j], root);
+      if (j + 1 < coefficients.length) coefficients[j] ^= coefficients[j + 1];
+    }
+    root = rsMultiply(root, 0x02);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    getRemainder(data: byte[]): byte[] {
+      // Compute the remainder by performing polynomial division
+      const result: byte[] = coefficients.map(() => 0);
+      for (const b of data) {
+        const factor: byte = b ^ (result.shift() as byte);
+        result.push(0);
+        coefficients.forEach((coef, i) => {
+          result[i] ^= rsMultiply(coef, factor);
+        });
+      }
+      return result;
+    },
+  };
 }
 
-/*---- Public helper enumeration ----*/
-
-export namespace QrCode {
-  type int = number;
-
-  /*
-   * The error correction level in a QR Code symbol. Immutable.
-   */
-  export class Ecc {
-    /*-- Constants --*/
-
-    public static readonly LOW = new Ecc(0, 1); // The QR Code can tolerate about  7% erroneous codewords
-    public static readonly MEDIUM = new Ecc(1, 0); // The QR Code can tolerate about 15% erroneous codewords
-    public static readonly QUARTILE = new Ecc(2, 3); // The QR Code can tolerate about 25% erroneous codewords
-    public static readonly HIGH = new Ecc(3, 2); // The QR Code can tolerate about 30% erroneous codewords
-
-    /*-- Constructor and fields --*/
-
-    private constructor(
-      // In the range 0 to 3 (unsigned 2-bit integer).
-      public readonly ordinal: int,
-      // (Package-private) In the range 0 to 3 (unsigned 2-bit integer).
-      public readonly formatBits: int
-    ) {}
-  }
+// Returns the product of the two given field elements modulo GF(2^8/0x11D). The arguments and result
+// are unsigned 8-bit integers. This could be implemented as a lookup table of 256*256 entries of uint8.
+function rsMultiply(x: byte, y: byte): byte {
+  if (x >>> 8 !== 0 || y >>> 8 !== 0) throw 'Byte out of range';
+  // Russian peasant multiplication
+  let z: int = 0;
+  for (let i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
+    z = (z << 1) ^ ((z >>> 7) * 0x11d);
+    z ^= ((y >>> i) & 1) * x;
+  }
+  if (z >>> 8 !== 0) throw 'Assertion error';
+  return z as byte;
 }
 
-/*---- Public helper enumeration ----*/
-
-export namespace QrSegment {
-  type int = number;
-
-  /*
-   * Describes how a segment's data bits are interpreted. Immutable.
-   */
-  export class Mode {
-    /*-- Constants --*/
-
-    public static readonly NUMERIC = new Mode(0x1, [10, 12, 14]);
-    public static readonly ALPHANUMERIC = new Mode(0x2, [9, 11, 13]);
-    public static readonly BYTE = new Mode(0x4, [8, 16, 16]);
-    public static readonly KANJI = new Mode(0x8, [8, 10, 12]);
-    public static readonly ECI = new Mode(0x7, [0, 0, 0]);
-
-    /*-- Constructor and fields --*/
-
-    private constructor(
-      // The mode indicator bits, which is a uint4 value (range 0 to 15).
-      public readonly modeBits: int,
-      // Number of character count bits for three different version ranges.
-      private readonly numBitsCharCount: [int, int, int]
-    ) {}
-
-    /*-- Method --*/
-
-    // (Package-private) Returns the bit width of the character count field for a segment in
-    // this mode in a QR Code at the given version number. The result is in the range [0, 16].
-    public numCharCountBits(ver: int): int {
-      return this.numBitsCharCount[Math.floor((ver + 7) / 17)];
-    }
-  }
-}
+/*---- Constants and tables ----*/
+
+// The minimum version number supported in the QR Code Model 2 standard.
+const MIN_VERSION: int = 1;
+// The maximum version number supported in the QR Code Model 2 standard.
+const MAX_VERSION: int = 40;
+
+// For use in getPenaltyScore(), when evaluating which mask is best.
+const PENALTY_N1: int = 3;
+const PENALTY_N2: int = 3;
+const PENALTY_N3: int = 40;
+const PENALTY_N4: int = 10;
+
+const ECC_CODEWORDS_PER_BLOCK: int[][] = [
+  // Version: (note that index 0 is for padding, and is set to an illegal value)
+  //0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40    Error correction level
+  [
+    -1, 7, 10, 15, 20, 26, 18, 20, 24, 30, 18, 20, 24, 26, 30, 22, 24, 28, 30, 28, 28, 28, 28, 30,
+    30, 26, 28, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30,
+  ], // Low
+  [
+    -1, 10, 16, 26, 18, 24, 16, 18, 22, 22, 26, 30, 22, 22, 24, 24, 28, 28, 26, 26, 26, 26, 28, 28,
+    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28,
+  ], // Medium
+  [
+    -1, 13, 22, 18, 26, 18, 24, 18, 22, 20, 24, 28, 26, 24, 20, 30, 24, 28, 28, 26, 30, 28, 30, 30,
+    30, 30, 28, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30,
+  ], // Quartile
+  [
+    -1, 17, 28, 22, 16, 22, 28, 26, 26, 24, 28, 24, 28, 22, 24, 24, 30, 28, 28, 26, 28, 30, 24, 30,
+    30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30,
+  ], // High
+];
+
+const NUM_ERROR_CORRECTION_BLOCKS: int[][] = [
+  // Version: (note that index 0 is for padding, and is set to an illegal value)
+  //0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40    Error correction level
+  [
+    -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 12, 12, 12, 13, 14,
+    15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25,
+  ], // Low
+  [
+    -1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23,
+    25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 49,
+  ], // Medium
+  [
+    -1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, 10, 12, 16, 12, 17, 16, 18, 21, 20, 23, 23, 25, 27, 29, 34,
+    34, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 48, 51, 53, 56, 59, 62, 65, 68,
+  ], // Quartile
+  [
+    -1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 8, 8, 11, 11, 16, 16, 18, 16, 19, 21, 25, 25, 25, 34, 30, 32, 35,
+    37, 40, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 70, 74, 77, 81,
+  ], // High
+];
+
+// Describes precisely all strings that are encodable in numeric mode. To test
+// whether a string s is encodable: let ok: boolean = NUMERIC_REGEX.test(s);
+// A string is encodable iff each character is in the range 0 to 9.
+const NUMERIC_REGEX: RegExp = /^[0-9]*$/;
+
+// Describes precisely all strings that are encodable in alphanumeric mode. To test
+// whether a string s is encodable: let ok: boolean = ALPHANUMERIC_REGEX.test(s);
+// A string is encodable iff each character is in the following set: 0 to 9, A to Z
+// (uppercase only), space, dollar, percent, asterisk, plus, hyphen, period, slash, colon.
+const ALPHANUMERIC_REGEX: RegExp = /^[A-Z0-9 $%*+./:-]*$/;
+
+// The set of all legal characters in alphanumeric mode,
+// where each character value maps to the index in the string.
+const ALPHANUMERIC_CHARSET: string = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ $%*+-./:';