@vib3code/sdk 2.0.3-canary.45332e3 → 2.0.3-canary.4fbf680

package/src/math/Mat4x4.js

@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@
 import { Vec4 } from './Vec4.js';
 
 export class Mat4x4 {
+    /**
+     * Internal token to skip initialization during construction
+     * @private
+     */
+    static UNINITIALIZED = {};
+
     /**
      * Create a new 4x4 matrix
      * Default is identity matrix
@@ -26,6 +32,8 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
     constructor(elements = null) {
         this.data = new Float32Array(16);
 
+        if (elements === Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED) return;
+
         if (elements) {
             if (elements.length !== 16) {
                 throw new Error('Mat4x4 requires exactly 16 elements');
@@ -45,12 +53,7 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
      * @returns {Mat4x4}
      */
     static identity() {
-        return new Mat4x4([
-            1, 0, 0, 0,
-            0, 1, 0, 0,
-            0, 0, 1, 0,
-            0, 0, 0, 1
-        ]);
+        return new Mat4x4();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
      * @returns {Mat4x4}
      */
     static zero() {
-        return new Mat4x4(new Float32Array(16));
+        return new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -157,10 +160,11 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
     /**
      * Multiply two matrices
      * @param {Mat4x4} m - Right operand
+     * @param {Mat4x4} [target=null] - Optional target matrix to store result
      * @returns {Mat4x4} New matrix = this * m
      */
-    multiply(m) {
-        const out = new Mat4x4();
+    multiply(m, target = null) {
+        const out = target || new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
         const r = out.data;
         const a = this.data;
         const b = m.data;
@@ -259,16 +263,22 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
     /**
      * Transform a Vec4 by this matrix
      * @param {Vec4} v
+     * @param {Vec4} [target=null] - Optional target vector to store result
      * @returns {Vec4} Transformed vector
      */
-    multiplyVec4(v) {
+    multiplyVec4(v, target = null) {
         const m = this.data;
-        return new Vec4(
-            m[0] * v.x + m[4] * v.y + m[8] * v.z + m[12] * v.w,
-            m[1] * v.x + m[5] * v.y + m[9] * v.z + m[13] * v.w,
-            m[2] * v.x + m[6] * v.y + m[10] * v.z + m[14] * v.w,
-            m[3] * v.x + m[7] * v.y + m[11] * v.z + m[15] * v.w
-        );
+        const out = target || new Vec4();
+
+        // Cache components to support aliasing (target === v)
+        const x = v.x, y = v.y, z = v.z, w = v.w;
+
+        out.x = m[0] * x + m[4] * y + m[8] * z + m[12] * w;
+        out.y = m[1] * x + m[5] * y + m[9] * z + m[13] * w;
+        out.z = m[2] * x + m[6] * y + m[10] * z + m[14] * w;
+        out.w = m[3] * x + m[7] * y + m[11] * z + m[15] * w;
+
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -310,41 +320,57 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
     /**
      * Add another matrix
      * @param {Mat4x4} m
+     * @param {Mat4x4} [target=null] - Optional target matrix
      * @returns {Mat4x4} New matrix
      */
-    add(m) {
-        const result = new Float32Array(16);
+    add(m, target = null) {
+        const out = target || new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const r = out.data;
+        const a = this.data;
+        const b = m.data;
+
         for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-            result[i] = this.data[i] + m.data[i];
+            r[i] = a[i] + b[i];
         }
-        return new Mat4x4(result);
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
      * Multiply by scalar
      * @param {number} s
+     * @param {Mat4x4} [target=null] - Optional target matrix
      * @returns {Mat4x4} New matrix
      */
-    scale(s) {
-        const result = new Float32Array(16);
+    scale(s, target = null) {
+        const out = target || new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const r = out.data;
+        const a = this.data;
+
         for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-            result[i] = this.data[i] * s;
+            r[i] = a[i] * s;
         }
-        return new Mat4x4(result);
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
      * Transpose matrix
+     * @param {Mat4x4} [target=null] - Optional target matrix
      * @returns {Mat4x4} New transposed matrix
      */
-    transpose() {
+    transpose(target = null) {
         const m = this.data;
-        return new Mat4x4([
-            m[0], m[4], m[8], m[12],
-            m[1], m[5], m[9], m[13],
-            m[2], m[6], m[10], m[14],
-            m[3], m[7], m[11], m[15]
-        ]);
+        const out = target || new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const r = out.data;
+        // If target is same as source, use intermediate or careful swap
+        if (target === this) {
+            return this.transposeInPlace();
+        }
+
+        r[0] = m[0]; r[4] = m[1]; r[8] = m[2]; r[12] = m[3];
+        r[1] = m[4]; r[5] = m[5]; r[9] = m[6]; r[13] = m[7];
+        r[2] = m[8]; r[6] = m[9]; r[10] = m[10]; r[14] = m[11];
+        r[3] = m[12]; r[7] = m[13]; r[11] = m[14]; r[15] = m[15];
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -395,61 +421,85 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
 
     /**
      * Calculate inverse matrix
+     * @param {Mat4x4} [target=null] - Optional target matrix
      * @returns {Mat4x4|null} Inverse matrix or null if singular
      */
-    inverse() {
+    inverse(target = null) {
         const m = this.data;
-        const inv = new Float32Array(16);
+        const out = target || new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const inv = out.data;
+
+        // Note: For in-place inversion (target === this), we need to be careful.
+        // The standard algorithm uses input values for every output cell.
+        // We can check for aliasing or use local variables if we wanted full safety,
+        // but simplest is to compute to temp if aliased, or just computing to the array directly works
+        // IF we cache everything first. But here we are writing to `inv` index by index.
+        // If inv === m, writing inv[0] destroys m[0] which is needed for inv[5] etc.
+        // So aliasing is NOT safe with this direct write approach.
+
+        // Handle aliasing by cloning first if needed, or using temp array.
+        // Since we want performance, let's detect aliasing.
+        let sourceData = m;
+        if (target === this) {
+            // Copy source data to temp array so we can write to 'this.data' safely
+            // We can't avoid allocation entirely in this specific edge case easily without unrolling everything into locals,
+            // which is huge for 4x4 inverse.
+            // Using a static temp buffer would be unsafe for threading/recursion (not an issue in JS single thread usually but still).
+            // Let's just clone the source data for the calculation.
+            sourceData = new Float32Array(m);
+        }
+
+        const s = sourceData;
 
-        inv[0] = m[5] * m[10] * m[15] - m[5] * m[11] * m[14] - m[9] * m[6] * m[15] +
-            m[9] * m[7] * m[14] + m[13] * m[6] * m[11] - m[13] * m[7] * m[10];
+        inv[0] = s[5] * s[10] * s[15] - s[5] * s[11] * s[14] - s[9] * s[6] * s[15] +
+            s[9] * s[7] * s[14] + s[13] * s[6] * s[11] - s[13] * s[7] * s[10];
 
-        inv[4] = -m[4] * m[10] * m[15] + m[4] * m[11] * m[14] + m[8] * m[6] * m[15] -
-            m[8] * m[7] * m[14] - m[12] * m[6] * m[11] + m[12] * m[7] * m[10];
+        inv[4] = -s[4] * s[10] * s[15] + s[4] * s[11] * s[14] + s[8] * s[6] * s[15] -
+            s[8] * s[7] * s[14] - s[12] * s[6] * s[11] + s[12] * s[7] * s[10];
 
-        inv[8] = m[4] * m[9] * m[15] - m[4] * m[11] * m[13] - m[8] * m[5] * m[15] +
-            m[8] * m[7] * m[13] + m[12] * m[5] * m[11] - m[12] * m[7] * m[9];
+        inv[8] = s[4] * s[9] * s[15] - s[4] * s[11] * s[13] - s[8] * s[5] * s[15] +
+            s[8] * s[7] * s[13] + s[12] * s[5] * s[11] - s[12] * s[7] * s[9];
 
-        inv[12] = -m[4] * m[9] * m[14] + m[4] * m[10] * m[13] + m[8] * m[5] * m[14] -
-            m[8] * m[6] * m[13] - m[12] * m[5] * m[10] + m[12] * m[6] * m[9];
+        inv[12] = -s[4] * s[9] * s[14] + s[4] * s[10] * s[13] + s[8] * s[5] * s[14] -
+            s[8] * s[6] * s[13] - s[12] * s[5] * s[10] + s[12] * s[6] * s[9];
 
-        inv[1] = -m[1] * m[10] * m[15] + m[1] * m[11] * m[14] + m[9] * m[2] * m[15] -
-            m[9] * m[3] * m[14] - m[13] * m[2] * m[11] + m[13] * m[3] * m[10];
+        inv[1] = -s[1] * s[10] * s[15] + s[1] * s[11] * s[14] + s[9] * s[2] * s[15] -
+            s[9] * s[3] * s[14] - s[13] * s[2] * s[11] + s[13] * s[3] * s[10];
 
-        inv[5] = m[0] * m[10] * m[15] - m[0] * m[11] * m[14] - m[8] * m[2] * m[15] +
-            m[8] * m[3] * m[14] + m[12] * m[2] * m[11] - m[12] * m[3] * m[10];
+        inv[5] = s[0] * s[10] * s[15] - s[0] * s[11] * s[14] - s[8] * s[2] * s[15] +
+            s[8] * s[3] * s[14] + s[12] * s[2] * s[11] - s[12] * s[3] * s[10];
 
-        inv[9] = -m[0] * m[9] * m[15] + m[0] * m[11] * m[13] + m[8] * m[1] * m[15] -
-            m[8] * m[3] * m[13] - m[12] * m[1] * m[11] + m[12] * m[3] * m[9];
+        inv[9] = -s[0] * s[9] * s[15] + s[0] * s[11] * s[13] + s[8] * s[1] * s[15] -
+            s[8] * s[3] * s[13] - s[12] * s[1] * s[11] + s[12] * s[3] * s[9];
 
-        inv[13] = m[0] * m[9] * m[14] - m[0] * m[10] * m[13] - m[8] * m[1] * m[14] +
-            m[8] * m[2] * m[13] + m[12] * m[1] * m[10] - m[12] * m[2] * m[9];
+        inv[13] = s[0] * s[9] * s[14] - s[0] * s[10] * s[13] - s[8] * s[1] * s[14] +
+            s[8] * s[2] * s[13] + s[12] * s[1] * s[10] - s[12] * s[2] * s[9];
 
-        inv[2] = m[1] * m[6] * m[15] - m[1] * m[7] * m[14] - m[5] * m[2] * m[15] +
-            m[5] * m[3] * m[14] + m[13] * m[2] * m[7] - m[13] * m[3] * m[6];
+        inv[2] = s[1] * s[6] * s[15] - s[1] * s[7] * s[14] - s[5] * s[2] * s[15] +
+            s[5] * s[3] * s[14] + s[13] * s[2] * s[7] - s[13] * s[3] * s[6];
 
-        inv[6] = -m[0] * m[6] * m[15] + m[0] * m[7] * m[14] + m[4] * m[2] * m[15] -
-            m[4] * m[3] * m[14] - m[12] * m[2] * m[7] + m[12] * m[3] * m[6];
+        inv[6] = -s[0] * s[6] * s[15] + s[0] * s[7] * s[14] + s[4] * s[2] * s[15] -
+            s[4] * s[3] * s[14] - s[12] * s[2] * s[7] + s[12] * s[3] * s[6];
 
-        inv[10] = m[0] * m[5] * m[15] - m[0] * m[7] * m[13] - m[4] * m[1] * m[15] +
-            m[4] * m[3] * m[13] + m[12] * m[1] * m[7] - m[12] * m[3] * m[5];
+        inv[10] = s[0] * s[5] * s[15] - s[0] * s[7] * s[13] - s[4] * s[1] * s[15] +
+            s[4] * s[3] * s[13] + s[12] * s[1] * s[7] - s[12] * s[3] * s[5];
 
-        inv[14] = -m[0] * m[5] * m[14] + m[0] * m[6] * m[13] + m[4] * m[1] * m[14] -
-            m[4] * m[2] * m[13] - m[12] * m[1] * m[6] + m[12] * m[2] * m[5];
+        inv[14] = -s[0] * s[5] * s[14] + s[0] * s[6] * s[13] + s[4] * s[1] * s[14] -
+            s[4] * s[2] * s[13] - s[12] * s[1] * s[6] + s[12] * s[2] * s[5];
 
-        inv[3] = -m[1] * m[6] * m[11] + m[1] * m[7] * m[10] + m[5] * m[2] * m[11] -
-            m[5] * m[3] * m[10] - m[9] * m[2] * m[7] + m[9] * m[3] * m[6];
+        inv[3] = -s[1] * s[6] * s[11] + s[1] * s[7] * s[10] + s[5] * s[2] * s[11] -
+            s[5] * s[3] * s[10] - s[9] * s[2] * s[7] + s[9] * s[3] * s[6];
 
-        inv[7] = m[0] * m[6] * m[11] - m[0] * m[7] * m[10] - m[4] * m[2] * m[11] +
-            m[4] * m[3] * m[10] + m[8] * m[2] * m[7] - m[8] * m[3] * m[6];
+        inv[7] = s[0] * s[6] * s[11] - s[0] * s[7] * s[10] - s[4] * s[2] * s[11] +
+            s[4] * s[3] * s[10] + s[8] * s[2] * s[7] - s[8] * s[3] * s[6];
 
-        inv[11] = -m[0] * m[5] * m[11] + m[0] * m[7] * m[9] + m[4] * m[1] * m[11] -
-            m[4] * m[3] * m[9] - m[8] * m[1] * m[7] + m[8] * m[3] * m[5];
+        inv[11] = -s[0] * s[5] * s[11] + s[0] * s[7] * s[9] + s[4] * s[1] * s[11] -
+            s[4] * s[3] * s[9] - s[8] * s[1] * s[7] + s[8] * s[3] * s[5];
 
-        inv[15] = m[0] * m[5] * m[10] - m[0] * m[6] * m[9] - m[4] * m[1] * m[10] +
-            m[4] * m[2] * m[9] + m[8] * m[1] * m[6] - m[8] * m[2] * m[5];
+        inv[15] = s[0] * s[5] * s[10] - s[0] * s[6] * s[9] - s[4] * s[1] * s[10] +
+            s[4] * s[2] * s[9] + s[8] * s[1] * s[6] - s[8] * s[2] * s[5];
 
-        const det = m[0] * inv[0] + m[1] * inv[4] + m[2] * inv[8] + m[3] * inv[12];
+        const det = s[0] * inv[0] + s[1] * inv[4] + s[2] * inv[8] + s[3] * inv[12];
 
         if (Math.abs(det) < 1e-10) {
             return null; // Singular matrix
@@ -460,7 +510,7 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
             inv[i] *= invDet;
         }
 
-        return new Mat4x4(inv);
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -547,6 +597,122 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
         return new Mat4x4(json.data);
     }
 
+    // ========== IN-PLACE ROTATIONS ==========
+
+    /**
+     * Rotate in XY plane in place
+     * @param {number} angle
+     * @returns {Mat4x4} this
+     */
+    rotateXY(angle) {
+        const c = Math.cos(angle);
+        const s = Math.sin(angle);
+        const m = this.data;
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            const a0 = m[i];      // Col 0
+            const a1 = m[i + 4];  // Col 1
+            m[i]     = a0 * c + a1 * s;
+            m[i + 4] = -a0 * s + a1 * c;
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rotate in XZ plane in place
+     * @param {number} angle
+     * @returns {Mat4x4} this
+     */
+    rotateXZ(angle) {
+        const c = Math.cos(angle);
+        const s = Math.sin(angle);
+        const m = this.data;
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            const a0 = m[i];      // Col 0
+            const a2 = m[i + 8];  // Col 2
+            m[i]     = a0 * c - a2 * s;
+            m[i + 8] = a0 * s + a2 * c;
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rotate in YZ plane in place
+     * @param {number} angle
+     * @returns {Mat4x4} this
+     */
+    rotateYZ(angle) {
+        const c = Math.cos(angle);
+        const s = Math.sin(angle);
+        const m = this.data;
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            const a1 = m[i + 4];  // Col 1
+            const a2 = m[i + 8];  // Col 2
+            m[i + 4] = a1 * c + a2 * s;
+            m[i + 8] = -a1 * s + a2 * c;
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rotate in XW plane in place
+     * @param {number} angle
+     * @returns {Mat4x4} this
+     */
+    rotateXW(angle) {
+        const c = Math.cos(angle);
+        const s = Math.sin(angle);
+        const m = this.data;
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            const a0 = m[i];       // Col 0
+            const a3 = m[i + 12];  // Col 3
+            m[i]      = a0 * c + a3 * s;
+            m[i + 12] = -a0 * s + a3 * c;
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rotate in YW plane in place
+     * @param {number} angle
+     * @returns {Mat4x4} this
+     */
+    rotateYW(angle) {
+        const c = Math.cos(angle);
+        const s = Math.sin(angle);
+        const m = this.data;
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            const a1 = m[i + 4];   // Col 1
+            const a3 = m[i + 12];  // Col 3
+            m[i + 4]  = a1 * c + a3 * s;
+            m[i + 12] = -a1 * s + a3 * c;
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rotate in ZW plane in place
+     * @param {number} angle
+     * @returns {Mat4x4} this
+     */
+    rotateZW(angle) {
+        const c = Math.cos(angle);
+        const s = Math.sin(angle);
+        const m = this.data;
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            const a2 = m[i + 8];   // Col 2
+            const a3 = m[i + 12];  // Col 3
+            m[i + 8]  = a2 * c + a3 * s;
+            m[i + 12] = -a2 * s + a3 * c;
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
     // ========== ROTATION MATRICES FOR ALL 6 PLANES ==========
 
     /**
@@ -557,12 +723,13 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
     static rotationXY(angle) {
         const c = Math.cos(angle);
         const s = Math.sin(angle);
-        return new Mat4x4([
-            c, s, 0, 0,
-            -s, c, 0, 0,
-            0, 0, 1, 0,
-            0, 0, 0, 1
-        ]);
+        const out = new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const r = out.data;
+        r[0] = c; r[1] = s;
+        r[4] = -s; r[5] = c;
+        r[10] = 1;
+        r[15] = 1;
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -573,12 +740,13 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
     static rotationXZ(angle) {
         const c = Math.cos(angle);
         const s = Math.sin(angle);
-        return new Mat4x4([
-            c, 0, -s, 0,
-            0, 1, 0, 0,
-            s, 0, c, 0,
-            0, 0, 0, 1
-        ]);
+        const out = new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const r = out.data;
+        r[0] = c; r[2] = -s;
+        r[5] = 1;
+        r[8] = s; r[10] = c;
+        r[15] = 1;
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -589,12 +757,13 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
     static rotationYZ(angle) {
         const c = Math.cos(angle);
         const s = Math.sin(angle);
-        return new Mat4x4([
-            1, 0, 0, 0,
-            0, c, s, 0,
-            0, -s, c, 0,
-            0, 0, 0, 1
-        ]);
+        const out = new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const r = out.data;
+        r[0] = 1;
+        r[5] = c; r[6] = s;
+        r[9] = -s; r[10] = c;
+        r[15] = 1;
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -606,12 +775,13 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
     static rotationXW(angle) {
         const c = Math.cos(angle);
         const s = Math.sin(angle);
-        return new Mat4x4([
-            c, 0, 0, s,
-            0, 1, 0, 0,
-            0, 0, 1, 0,
-            -s, 0, 0, c
-        ]);
+        const out = new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const r = out.data;
+        r[0] = c; r[3] = s;
+        r[5] = 1;
+        r[10] = 1;
+        r[12] = -s; r[15] = c;
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -622,12 +792,13 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
     static rotationYW(angle) {
         const c = Math.cos(angle);
         const s = Math.sin(angle);
-        return new Mat4x4([
-            1, 0, 0, 0,
-            0, c, 0, s,
-            0, 0, 1, 0,
-            0, -s, 0, c
-        ]);
+        const out = new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const r = out.data;
+        r[0] = 1;
+        r[5] = c; r[7] = s;
+        r[10] = 1;
+        r[13] = -s; r[15] = c;
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -638,12 +809,13 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
     static rotationZW(angle) {
         const c = Math.cos(angle);
         const s = Math.sin(angle);
-        return new Mat4x4([
-            1, 0, 0, 0,
-            0, 1, 0, 0,
-            0, 0, c, s,
-            0, 0, -s, c
-        ]);
+        const out = new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const r = out.data;
+        r[0] = 1;
+        r[5] = 1;
+        r[10] = c; r[11] = s;
+        r[14] = -s; r[15] = c;
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -681,12 +853,12 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
     static rotationFromAngles(angles) {
         let result = Mat4x4.identity();
 
-        if (angles.xy) result = result.multiply(Mat4x4.rotationXY(angles.xy));
-        if (angles.xz) result = result.multiply(Mat4x4.rotationXZ(angles.xz));
-        if (angles.yz) result = result.multiply(Mat4x4.rotationYZ(angles.yz));
-        if (angles.xw) result = result.multiply(Mat4x4.rotationXW(angles.xw));
-        if (angles.yw) result = result.multiply(Mat4x4.rotationYW(angles.yw));
-        if (angles.zw) result = result.multiply(Mat4x4.rotationZW(angles.zw));
+        if (angles.xy) result.rotateXY(angles.xy);
+        if (angles.xz) result.rotateXZ(angles.xz);
+        if (angles.yz) result.rotateYZ(angles.yz);
+        if (angles.xw) result.rotateXW(angles.xw);
+        if (angles.yw) result.rotateYW(angles.yw);
+        if (angles.zw) result.rotateZW(angles.zw);
 
         return result;
     }
@@ -715,12 +887,13 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
      * @returns {Mat4x4}
      */
     static uniformScale(s) {
-        return new Mat4x4([
-            s, 0, 0, 0,
-            0, s, 0, 0,
-            0, 0, s, 0,
-            0, 0, 0, s
-        ]);
+        const out = new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const r = out.data;
+        r[0] = s;
+        r[5] = s;
+        r[10] = s;
+        r[15] = s;
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -732,12 +905,13 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
      * @returns {Mat4x4}
      */
     static scale(sx, sy, sz, sw = 1) {
-        return new Mat4x4([
-            sx, 0, 0, 0,
-            0, sy, 0, 0,
-            0, 0, sz, 0,
-            0, 0, 0, sw
-        ]);
+        const out = new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const r = out.data;
+        r[0] = sx;
+        r[5] = sy;
+        r[10] = sz;
+        r[15] = sw;
+        return out;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -753,12 +927,13 @@ export class Mat4x4 {
     static translation(tx, ty, tz, tw = 0) {
         // For true 4D translation, you need 5D homogeneous coordinates
         // This is a placeholder that adds the translation to the W column
-        return new Mat4x4([
-            1, 0, 0, 0,
-            0, 1, 0, 0,
-            0, 0, 1, 0,
-            tx, ty, tz, 1 + tw
-        ]);
+        const out = new Mat4x4(Mat4x4.UNINITIALIZED);
+        const r = out.data;
+        r[0] = 1;
+        r[5] = 1;
+        r[10] = 1;
+        r[12] = tx; r[13] = ty; r[14] = tz; r[15] = 1 + tw;
+        return out;
     }
 }