@vessel-dsp/compiler 0.0.0-stage → 0.2.0

package/dist/device-laws.js

@@ -0,0 +1,3497 @@
+// Stage 3: attach each device's constitutive relation.
+//
+// Three outcomes, and the third is a product decision rather than a technical one:
+//
+//   Law          lumped, stamped into the matrix and solved
+//   MacroModel   not solvable as lumped elements; a DSP algorithm with ports
+//   Unsupported  no model available -> the whole pedal/amp does not compile
+//
+// Decision (Joseph, 2026-08-10): an unknown chip makes the pedal unsupported. Not an
+// open circuit, not a pass-through. So there is no partially-modelled circuit and no
+// fabricated port assignment anywhere in the design -- and consequently a reason
+// string is a required output here, not a nicety.
+//
+// A pot's law is R_total split by f(x), where x is the 0..1 control position. This file
+// decides *which* taper f is; it deliberately cannot evaluate one. Per decision 2, f is
+// carried into the program and applied by whoever runs it, so the curve itself lives in
+// `src/runtime/taper.ts` and no stage here can fold it into a coefficient by accident.
+import { checkDeclaredProgram } from "./declared-program.js";
+import { bjtPartRegisteredAsSections, identify, mayCarryRegistrySections, opampPartRegisteredAsOtherLaw, requiresIdentification, } from "./identify.js";
+import { isMultiDeviceTransistorShell } from "./unreadable-terminal-role.js";
+import { deriveBbdDelayFromNetlist, resolveClockModulationSource, deriveOpenOx2ClockLaw, derivePt2399DelayFromNetlist, deriveM50195DelayFromNetlist, OPEN_OX2_VDD_VOLTS, OPEN_OX2_VTH_VOLTS, OPEN_OX2_VF_VOLTS, OPEN_OX2_FLOOR_VOLTS, } from "./bbd-clock.js";
+import { foldPartId, foldToken, pinoutMatches, registryEntryFor, registryLawFor, registryModelFor, registryOpampSwingDrop, terminalWithRole, withRecordedReads, } from "./registry.js";
+/** Room-temperature thermal voltage; the diode law needs a reference somewhere. */
+export const THERMAL_VOLTAGE = 0.025_852;
+/**
+ * Closed and open switch resistances. Not arbitrary: the ratio sets the matrix
+ * condition number, so 1e-2 to 1e9 is chosen to be electrically indistinguishable
+ * from ideal at audio levels while staying far from the solver's precision limit.
+ */
+export const SWITCH_ON_OHMS = 1e-2;
+/**
+ * The terminal a jack's switch contact makes against, and the terminal a supply calls
+ * its return. Closed sets, compared whole.
+ *
+ * There is deliberately **no set of contact role names**. The corpus names switch
+ * contacts eleven ways (`batterySwitch`, `switch`, `switched`, `contact_top`,
+ * `normalSwitch`, `switch_black`, ...) and they do not share a sense: a battery contact
+ * makes against the sleeve, a `switched_tip` makes against the tip, and a `normalSwitch`
+ * on a stereo output *breaks* when a plug goes in. A name table gets the sense wrong on
+ * two of those three, and closing a signal contact to the sleeve shorts it to ground.
+ * See `portEngage` for what is derived instead.
+ */
+/**
+ * Series impedance of a pedal supply, in ohms: the **default position of what belongs to a
+ * user-selectable power profile**, not a physical claim about one cell.
+ *
+ * Decided by Joseph, 2026-08-13: source impedance is an *input profile on the UI*, alongside the
+ * other things a player chooses about how a pedal is fed. A fresh alkaline, a sagging one and a
+ * regulated adapter are three profiles a user picks between, so this stage does not have to guess
+ * which the packet meant — a question that has no answer, since a schematic draws a 9 V battery
+ * symbol and internal resistance is a property of the cell rather than of the drawing.
+ *
+ * Until that control exists, this is the default, and it is the low end of the plausible range so
+ * the default errs toward the ideal behaviour it replaces: a fresh 9 V alkaline measures 1-2 ohms,
+ * a depleted one tens, an adapter well under one. Measured, one ohm moves a working pedal's rail by
+ * about 10 mV — `boss-bd-2-blues-driver` by `9.9 mV`, `boss-ge-7` by `19 mV` — and the corpus's
+ * ngspice agreement is unchanged at 31.
+ *
+ * **What zero cost.** Zero is the one value known to be wrong, since no real supply has it, and it
+ * let a supply deliver unbounded current: `ibanez-ts808` drew **193 A** through the short
+ * `diode-forward-across-supply` warns about and still rendered a plausible gain of 0.506. One ohm
+ * collapses that rail instead, which is also what let the diode's `limitJunction` land after two
+ * reverts.
+ *
+ * **Not a battery model.** It does not deplete and it does not tell an adapter from a cell. Both
+ * are the profile's job once it exists; this is the mechanism and one defensible default.
+ */
+export const SUPPLY_SOURCE_OHMS = 1;
+/**
+ * What a bipolar transistor is when the packet does not say, and why the default is silicon.
+ *
+ * Only 10% of the corpus's 385 transistors declare `IS`, so most still land here, and a
+ * small-signal silicon junction is the right assumption for an undated schematic. It is
+ * emphatically **not** right for the ones that do declare it: germanium sits five orders of
+ * magnitude away at around `1e-9`, which is 0.29 V of base-emitter bias, and those packets
+ * now get what they declare.
+ *
+ * Nothing infers germanium from a part number. `PartNumber` is present on 97% of them and
+ * reading `OC41` as germanium would be prose matching; `Type` and `IS` are the evidence.
+ */
+/**
+ * Open-loop gain for an op-amp that does not state one, dimensionless.
+ *
+ * A generic small-signal figure. 21 of the corpus's op-amps declare exactly this and 31 declare
+ * otherwise, so it is a fallback rather than a description of anything.
+ */
+const DEFAULT_OPEN_LOOP_GAIN = 1e5;
+/**
+ * The factor an `ac-source` law multiplies a declared magnitude by, converting the project's
+ * RMS convention to the peak amplitude the sine evaluation needs. See the `ac-source` branch
+ * of `voltage-source`'s law below for the full reasoning and the escape hatch.
+ */
+const AC_SOURCE_RMS_TO_PEAK = Math.SQRT2;
+// Exported so `report-part-store-drift.ts` can check this one shared fallback against a
+// representative registry part instead of quoting a second copy of the numbers that could drift
+// from this one silently -- the exact failure mode that script exists to catch.
+export const SILICON_SATURATION_CURRENT = 1e-14;
+export const SILICON_FORWARD_BETA = 100;
+/**
+ * The JFET law's own parameters when the source types neither `Vt0` nor `Beta`. Not a part: no
+ * datasheet in the corpus prints these, and a 2N5952 or 2SK30A whose document leaves them untyped
+ * runs on them regardless of its grade. Exported so `compile.ts` can name every device that does
+ * (`fet-law-default-parameters`) against the values actually stamped, not a second copy.
+ */
+export const JFET_DEFAULT_THRESHOLD_VOLTS = -2;
+export const JFET_DEFAULT_TRANSCONDUCTANCE = 1e-3;
+/**
+ * A winding's DC resistance, in the three states the source can be in.
+ *
+ * **Absent is not zero.** Every real winding has copper resistance, so zero is physically
+ * impossible rather than merely unusual -- and a lossless inductor in a feedback loop has unbounded
+ * Q, which is how a marginally stable real amplifier becomes an unstable simulated one. Defaulting
+ * absence to zero would preserve every current number and leave all 67 corpus windings quietly
+ * wrong, which is exactly how this arrived: until 2026-09-09 the law had no parameter at all, so
+ * `.vdsp` had nowhere to put a value and 29 packets were lossless by construction rather than by
+ * omission.
+ *
+ * So there is **no default**. A packet states a number, or states `unknown` when the drawing does
+ * not print it -- Fender sheets give turns ratios and impedances, never copper resistance -- and
+ * `unknown` is a first-class machine-readable claim rather than an omission indistinguishable from
+ * an oversight. Silence produces neither, and a caller can tell the three apart.
+ */
+function windingResistance(device) {
+    const declared = device.parameters.windingResistanceOhms;
+    if (typeof declared === "number" && Number.isFinite(declared) && declared > 0) {
+        return { seriesResistanceOhms: declared };
+    }
+    if (device.parameters.windingResistanceUnknown === 1) {
+        return { seriesResistanceOhms: "unknown" };
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+const FERRITE_BEAD_DEFAULT_HENRIES = 10e-6;
+/**
+ * The roles a jack uses for the terminal current returns through.
+ *
+ * **This replaced a name vocabulary that carried `cathode`**, because the `.schx` conversion
+ * named every two-terminal component after a diode: 265 corpus jacks called their sleeve
+ * `cathode` and their tip `anode`. 249 now declare `sleeve`/`tip`, decided by which terminal
+ * sits on ground rather than by what it is called; the 16 that were ambiguous -- both live,
+ * both grounded, or the pair reversed -- declare nothing and reach no port-engage law.
+ *
+ * The name path is gone rather than kept as a fallback, and that is measured: emptying it
+ * leaves all 21 port-engage laws standing and every one of the 142 corpus programs
+ * byte-identical.
+ */
+const portReturnRoles = new Set([
+    "sleeve",
+    "ground",
+    "negative",
+]);
+/** The index of a jack's declared return terminal, or -1 when it declares none. */
+function portReturnIndex(device) {
+    return device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles.findIndex((role) => role !== null && portReturnRoles.has(role));
+}
+/** How a supply names the terminal current comes back to. */
+export const SWITCH_OFF_OHMS = 1e9;
+function buildNodeToVoltageMap(netlist, regulated) {
+    const map = new Map();
+    map.set(0, 0); // Ground is always 0V
+    // A registered regulator's output node states a voltage the document never writes down.
+    // Set first so a document that *does* declare the node keeps the last word. See
+    // `registrySuppliedVoltages`.
+    for (const supply of regulated) {
+        map.set(supply.node, supply.volts);
+    }
+    for (const device of netlist.devices) {
+        const volts = device.parameters.volts;
+        if (volts === undefined || !Number.isFinite(volts)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (device.kind === "rail") {
+            if (device.parameters.frequency !== undefined) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const node = device.nodes[0];
+            if (node !== undefined) {
+                map.set(node, volts);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (device.kind === "voltage-source") {
+            if (device.parameters.frequency !== undefined) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // The driven end by declared role, the same field and the same value `lower.ts`'s
+            // `supplyTerminals` reads -- stage 3 and stage 5 must agree about which end of a
+            // supply is positive or they assert the rail at different nodes.
+            device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles.forEach((role, index) => {
+                if (role === "positive") {
+                    const node = device.nodes[index];
+                    if (node !== undefined) {
+                        map.set(node, volts);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        else if (device.kind === "ic") {
+            const outNode = findNodeWithRole(device, "out");
+            if (outNode !== undefined) {
+                map.set(outNode, volts);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return map;
+}
+function findNodeWithRole(device, role) {
+    const index = device.identity.terminalRoles.indexOf(role);
+    return index !== -1 ? device.nodes[index] : undefined;
+}
+/**
+ * Role tokens that can only ever name a supply pin, folded as `terminalRoleToken` leaves them.
+ *
+ * No op-amp calls a signal input `vcc` or `negativesupply`, so these are read unconditionally.
+ * `vccpin8`/`veepin4` are the numbered spellings: pins 8 and 4 of a single op-amp in an 8-pin
+ * package are its rails, and `terminalRoleToken` strips a leading `pinN` but not a trailing one.
+ */
+const unambiguousSupplyRoles = new Map([
+    ["vcc", "high"],
+    ["vccpin8", "high"],
+    ["positivesupply", "high"],
+    ["vdd", "high"],
+    ["vee", "low"],
+    ["veepin4", "low"],
+    ["negativesupply", "low"],
+    ["vss", "low"],
+]);
+/**
+ * Role tokens that name a supply pin **on a part that separately names its inputs**, and could
+ * otherwise be an input.
+ *
+ * This distinction is the whole reason this is two maps rather than one. A census of all 294
+ * op-amp-shaped components in the corpus found `vplus`/`vminus` used as **rails** in every one
+ * of the 60 devices that declare them -- always beside a named input pair (`inverting` /
+ * `noninverting`, or `positive` / `negative`), never instead of one. So they are supplies here.
+ *
+ * But `vplus`/`vminus` is also the natural spelling for a bare differential pair, and
+ * `lower.ts`'s `opampTerminals` falls back to *declaration order* when it cannot resolve a named
+ * input pair -- so on a three-terminal `vplus, vminus, output` op-amp it wires those two as the
+ * inputs. Reading them as rails as well would clamp that op-amp to its own input voltages. The
+ * guard below is therefore not a corpus statistic, it is the invariant: **a terminal cannot be
+ * both a signal input and a rail**, so these spellings are read as rails only when the part
+ * states its inputs some other way.
+ */
+const supplyRolesNeedingNamedInputs = new Map([
+    ["vplus", "high"],
+    ["vpluspin8", "high"],
+    ["v+", "high"],
+    ["vminus", "low"],
+    ["vminuspin4", "low"],
+    // Folded from `v-` by `terminalRoleToken`'s separator strip. `boss-ce-2` names its
+    // supply pair `V+`/`V-`, which `netlist.ts`'s own supply census also records.
+    ["v", "low"],
+]);
+/** Input-naming roles that are never a supply, so finding one proves the inputs are stated. */
+const namedInputRoles = new Set([
+    "positive",
+    "negative",
+    "noninverting",
+    "inverting",
+    "noninvertinginput",
+    "invertinginput",
+    "inputplus",
+    "inputminus",
+    "vin+",
+    "vin",
+    "in+",
+    "in",
+    "noninvertinga",
+    "invertinga",
+    "noninvertingb",
+    "invertingb",
+]);
+/**
+ * The rails this op-amp is powered by: its own supply terminals when it declares any, else the
+ * circuit's supply set.
+ *
+ * Before this, only the exact spellings `vcc` and `vee` were read; every other spelling fell
+ * through to the circuit-wide supply extremes -- the *widest* pair in the document -- so an
+ * op-amp on a regulated rail inside a pedal with a higher raw inlet was given a clipping ceiling
+ * it does not have. A fallback is the right behaviour for an op-amp that states no supply at
+ * all; it is a wrong answer that still renders for one that states it under another name.
+ *
+ * **One measured basis, to keep the numbers here comparable.** Censusing every lowered
+ * `ideal-opamp` stamp before and after this change: of **251** stamps, **4** get different
+ * rails -- both op-amps in `boss-bd-2-blues-driver` and its Keeley variant, `railHigh` 9 -> 8,
+ * which is correct because that pedal declares three supply ports (9 V, 8 V, 4 V) and both
+ * op-amps' `vPlus` is on the 8 V one. Many more op-amps *declare* a non-`vcc` spelling, but
+ * on a node whose voltage already equals a circuit extreme, so the old lookup returned the
+ * right answer for the wrong reason. Counting declarations rather than changed rails
+ * overstates this fix by an order of magnitude; the 4 is the number that means anything.
+ */
+function opampRails(device, rails, nodeToVoltage) {
+    const roles = device.identity.terminalRoles;
+    const statesItsInputs = roles.some((role) => role !== null && namedInputRoles.has(role));
+    let high = rails.high;
+    let low = rails.low;
+    roles.forEach((role, index) => {
+        if (role === null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const side = unambiguousSupplyRoles.get(role) ??
+            (statesItsInputs ? supplyRolesNeedingNamedInputs.get(role) : undefined);
+        if (side === undefined) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const node = device.nodes[index];
+        const volts = node === undefined ? undefined : nodeToVoltage.get(node);
+        if (volts === undefined) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (side === "high") {
+            high = volts;
+        }
+        else {
+            low = volts;
+        }
+    });
+    // **A rail pair must be ordered, or it is not a pair.** `railHigh <= railLow` is not a
+    // narrow clamp, it is a contradiction: the op-amp's linear region has negative width and
+    // its output is pinned wherever the limiter happens to land. Reading a device's own supply
+    // pins can produce that from a document the old `vcc`/`vee`-only lookup never asked, so the
+    // guard belongs here rather than in the caller.
+    //
+    // Measured on `mxr-m117r-flanger`, which is why this is not defensive programming: its `U4`
+    // declares `pin8_vplus` and `pin4_vminus`, and **both resolve to the same node** -- ground,
+    // carrying a declared +15 V, because the packet puts its `V15` rail component on the ground
+    // node. That yielded `high = low = 15` on eight op-amp stamps. The document's own supply
+    // pins are not usable evidence there, so the circuit-wide set is the better answer, and
+    // falling back to it leaves those eight exactly where they were before this change.
+    if (high !== null && low !== null && high <= low) {
+        return rails;
+    }
+    return { high, low };
+}
+/**
+ * The rails an op-amp's output can reach: each supply rail pulled in by the part's stated drop.
+ * An unstated drop, an unknown rail, or a drop that would close the pair leaves the rails as they
+ * are, so a part with no entry renders bit-for-bit as before.
+ */
+function railsAfterSwingDrop(rails, dropVolts) {
+    if (dropVolts === null || dropVolts <= 0 || rails.high === null || rails.low === null) {
+        return rails;
+    }
+    const high = rails.high - dropVolts;
+    const low = rails.low + dropVolts;
+    return high > low ? { high, low } : rails;
+}
+/**
+ * The one high-side and one low-side supply pin a device declares, read by the same role tokens
+ * `opampRails` uses, or `null` unless each side is declared exactly once.
+ *
+ * `gnd` counts as a low side here and not in `opampRails`: a package ground pin is never a signal
+ * input, and the MN3101 names its pair `vdd`/`gnd`. Which side is which does not matter to a
+ * conductance, which is all this is used for.
+ */
+function supplyPinNodes(device) {
+    const roles = device.identity.terminalRoles;
+    const statesItsInputs = roles.some((role) => role !== null && namedInputRoles.has(role));
+    const high = [];
+    const low = [];
+    roles.forEach((role, index) => {
+        if (role === null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const side = role === "gnd"
+            ? "low"
+            : (unambiguousSupplyRoles.get(role) ??
+                (statesItsInputs ? supplyRolesNeedingNamedInputs.get(role) : undefined));
+        const node = device.nodes[index];
+        if (side === undefined || node === undefined) {
+            return;
+        }
+        (side === "high" ? high : low).push(node);
+    });
+    if (high.length !== 1 || low.length !== 1 || high[0] === low[0]) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    return { high: high[0], low: low[0] };
+}
+/**
+ * **An IC's own supply draw, as a conductance across its supply pins**, or `null` when its part
+ * entry records no `quiescentSupplyAmps` or the pins or their voltages cannot be read.
+ *
+ * Sized at this pedal's rail span, so the device draws the datasheet current at the rail it is
+ * actually fitted to. A bipolar op-amp's supply current is close to flat with voltage (the
+ * uPC4558's curve moves 2.6 -> 2.7 mA from +/-4.5 to +/-20 V), so fixing it at the operating span
+ * is the right first-order model, and it needs no new stamp in either console.
+ *
+ * `expanded` is whether the registry split this device into its sections here, in which case it is
+ * the whole package. A device the document declared as one section of a multi-section part --
+ * `boss-ce-2`'s `IC1A` and `IC1B` are the two halves of one uPC4558C -- draws that section's share,
+ * so the package is counted once however the document split it.
+ */
+function quiescentSupplyDraw(device, registry, expanded, rails, nodeToVoltage) {
+    const partNumber = device.identity.partNumber;
+    if (partNumber === null) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const entry = registryEntryFor(registry, { partId: partNumber, evidence: "exact-part" });
+    const packageAmps = entry?.quiescentSupplyAmps;
+    if (entry === null || packageAmps === undefined) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const pins = supplyPinNodes(device);
+    if (pins === null) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const voltageAt = (node, fallback) => node === 0 ? 0 : (nodeToVoltage.get(node) ?? fallback);
+    const high = voltageAt(pins.high, rails.high);
+    const low = voltageAt(pins.low, rails.low);
+    if (high === null || low === null) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const span = Math.abs(high - low);
+    if (!(span > 0)) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const sections = entry.model.kind === "sections" ? entry.model.sections.length : 1;
+    const amps = expanded ? packageAmps : packageAmps / sections;
+    const id = `${device.id}#supply`;
+    return [
+        {
+            id,
+            kind: "resistor",
+            nodes: [pins.high, pins.low],
+            parameters: { ohms: span / amps },
+            control: null,
+            identity: {
+                partNumber: null,
+                declaredType: null,
+                terminalRoles: ["end", "end"],
+                declaredTerminalRoles: [null, null],
+                declaredWindings: null,
+            },
+        },
+        { outcome: "law", device: id, law: { kind: "conductance", siemens: amps / span } },
+    ];
+}
+/**
+ * Nodes that reach a declared voltage through one two-terminal passive
+ * (diode, capacitor, resistor, inductor). Covers the LT1054 → D17 → VA-rail
+ * path where the charge pump's output is a diode away from the declared rail.
+ */
+function buildOneHopVoltageMap(netlist, nodeToVoltage) {
+    const map = new Map();
+    for (const device of netlist.devices) {
+        if (device.nodes.length !== 2 ||
+            (device.kind !== "diode" &&
+                device.kind !== "capacitor" &&
+                device.kind !== "resistor" &&
+                device.kind !== "inductor")) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const [a, b] = device.nodes;
+        const va = nodeToVoltage.get(a);
+        const vb = nodeToVoltage.get(b);
+        if (va !== undefined && b !== 0 && vb === undefined) {
+            map.set(b, va);
+        }
+        else if (vb !== undefined && a !== 0 && va === undefined) {
+            map.set(a, vb);
+        }
+    }
+    return map;
+}
+export function attachDeviceLaws(netlist, registry) {
+    const regulated = registrySuppliedVoltages(netlist, registry);
+    const rails = supplyRails(netlist, regulated);
+    const supply = supplyNodes(netlist);
+    const nodeToVoltage = buildNodeToVoltageMap(netlist, regulated);
+    const oneHopVoltage = buildOneHopVoltageMap(netlist, nodeToVoltage);
+    const mainsFrequencyHz = mainsFrequency(netlist);
+    // Stage 1 (`netlist.ts`) already resolved each control's real taper -- from the panel
+    // control's own declaration, or failing that, from the first device bound to it -- onto
+    // `Netlist.controls`. This stage's job is to carry that already-decided value onto the
+    // law by the same control id, never to decide it again or default it.
+    const taperByControl = new Map(netlist.controls.map((control) => [control.id, control.taper]));
+    // A multi-section part becomes one device per section, here and nowhere else.
+    //
+    // This is the only stage that knows the registry, so it is the only stage that can know a part
+    // is multi-section. Expanding into ordinary devices means partitioning, lowering and the runtime
+    // see nothing new -- the alternative, a fourth `DeviceResolution` outcome, would have to be
+    // understood by every consumer of one.
+    const devicesTouchingNode = deviceCountByNode(netlist);
+    // Nodes inside a registered package, numbered past every node the document uses.
+    const internalNodes = new Map();
+    const firstInternal = Math.max(0, ...netlist.nodes) + 1;
+    const internalNode = (deviceId, index) => {
+        const key = `${deviceId}\n${index}`;
+        const existing = internalNodes.get(key);
+        if (existing !== undefined)
+            return existing;
+        const node = (firstInternal + internalNodes.size);
+        internalNodes.set(key, node);
+        return node;
+    };
+    const devices = [];
+    const resolutions = [];
+    for (const device of netlist.devices) {
+        const expanded = sectionDevices(device, registry, rails, supply, nodeToVoltage, internalNode, netlist);
+        const draw = quiescentSupplyDraw(device, registry, expanded !== null, rails, nodeToVoltage);
+        if (draw !== null) {
+            devices.push(draw[0]);
+            resolutions.push(draw[1]);
+        }
+        if (expanded === null) {
+            devices.push(device);
+            resolutions.push(resolveDevice(device, registry, rails, supply, taperByControl, mainsFrequencyHz, devicesTouchingNode, nodeToVoltage, oneHopVoltage, netlist));
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (const [section, resolution] of expanded) {
+            devices.push(section);
+            resolutions.push(resolution);
+        }
+    }
+    return {
+        netlist: {
+            ...netlist,
+            devices,
+            nodes: internalNodes.size === 0 ? netlist.nodes : [...netlist.nodes, ...internalNodes.values()],
+        },
+        resolutions,
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * A multi-section part as one device per section, or `null` when the part is not multi-section.
+ *
+ * Each section device carries only the terminals that section uses, in the order the registry gave
+ * them, and its `identity.terminalRoles` are the canonical role names for its law's arity. That is
+ * what lets lowering treat it as an ordinary device: a section of a dual op-amp is indistinguishable
+ * from a packet that declared that half as its own `opamp` component, which is how the packets that
+ * already compile transcribe the same chip.
+ *
+ * A section naming a terminal the device does not have is a registry error and refuses the pedal,
+ * rather than silently dropping a section and rendering half a circuit.
+ */
+/**
+ * A single-section `voltage-source` model on a regulator or converter that declares which terminal
+ * is its output and which is its reference, resolved from those declarations.
+ *
+ * `null` whenever the document does not settle it: a different law, more than one section, a kind
+ * whose format vocabulary has no supply electrodes, or an output/reference role declared zero or
+ * several times. Every one of those falls through to the entry's pin naming exactly as before.
+ */
+export function declaredRegulatorTerminals(device, model) {
+    // **Gated on the declaration, not on `device.kind`.** A document's `kind: regulator` folds to
+    // device kind `ic` by the time laws are attached -- `boss-rv-3` and `electro-harmonix-q-tron`
+    // both declare `regulator` and both arrive here as `ic` -- so a kind test would never fire.
+    // The declaration is its own gate: core admits `positive`/`negative`/`ground` only on the
+    // kinds whose vocabulary carries them (`regulator`, `power-converter`, `voltage-source`,
+    // `rail`, `battery`), and an `ic` may declare nothing but `pin`. A device that reaches here
+    // carrying a supply electrode was therefore declared as a kind entitled to state one.
+    if (model.sections.length !== 1) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const section = model.sections[0];
+    if (section.law.kind !== "voltage-source" || section.terminals.length !== 2) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const declared = device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles;
+    const only = (role) => {
+        const found = declared.flatMap((value, index) => value === role ? [index] : []);
+        return found.length === 1 ? found[0] : null;
+    };
+    const ground = only("ground");
+    const output = only("positive") ?? only("negative");
+    if (ground === null || output === null) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const outputNode = device.nodes[output];
+    const groundNode = device.nodes[ground];
+    if (outputNode === undefined || groundNode === undefined) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    // A converter declaring its output `negative` states a rail below its reference, so the
+    // source's sense is reversed rather than its magnitude negated -- the law carries a
+    // magnitude.
+    const inverting = only("positive") === null;
+    const order = inverting
+        ? [ground, output]
+        : [output, ground];
+    // **Built exactly like any other section**, because it is one: a `#0` id and canonical roles
+    // for the law, not the package's own role array. The parent's array does not describe a
+    // section and is a different length, and leaving it in place misaligned every index-based
+    // reader -- `supplyTerminals` resolves an unnamed end as `1 - driveIndex`, which is only the
+    // other terminal when there are two.
+    const sectionId = `${device.id}#0`;
+    const nodes = order.map((index) => device.nodes[index]);
+    return [
+        [
+            {
+                ...device,
+                id: sectionId,
+                nodes,
+                identity: {
+                    ...device.identity,
+                    terminalRoles: canonicalRoles(section.law.kind, nodes.length),
+                    declaredTerminalRoles: canonicalRoles(section.law.kind, nodes.length),
+                },
+            },
+            { outcome: "law", device: sectionId, law: section.law },
+        ],
+    ];
+}
+function sectionDevices(device, registry, rails, supply, nodeToVoltage, internalNode = () => {
+    throw new Error("no internal-node allocator");
+}, netlist) {
+    // **`mayCarryRegistrySections`, not `requiresIdentification`.** An OTA reaches here so a
+    // registered multi-section part (the BA662A's OTA plus its Darlington buffer) can be expanded;
+    // when the registry has no matching entry this returns null and the caller falls through to
+    // the device-class law, which is what every unregistered OTA keeps. An op-amp whose registered
+    // *part* is not an op-amp (`opampPartRegisteredAsOtherLaw` -- the LM339 drawn as an op-amp)
+    // reaches here the same way, and the class override is decided entirely in `identify`.
+    if (!mayCarryRegistrySections(device) &&
+        !opampPartRegisteredAsOtherLaw(device, registry) &&
+        !bjtPartRegisteredAsSections(device, registry)) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    if (isNonExecutableIcSupportShell(device)) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const identity = identify(device, registry);
+    if (identity === null) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const entry = registryEntryFor(registry, identity, device.nodes.length);
+    if (entry === null) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const model = entry.model;
+    if (model.kind !== "sections" && model.kind !== "sections-core") {
+        return null;
+    }
+    // A `sections` entry's `terminals` index into the entry's canonical pin order, not the
+    // declaration order the document happened to use. When the entry names its pins by role and
+    // that naming is a clean bijection onto the device's declared terminals, resolve each
+    // canonical position to the device's node by role, so a part declared in a different order
+    // still lands on the right nodes: q-tron's 78L18 declares `in, out, ground`, the entry's
+    // groups are `in, gnd, out`, and an all-null pinout used to skip this check entirely,
+    // silently swapping the regulated rail onto ground.
+    //
+    // The bijection is the guard. A part whose declared roles do not map one-to-one onto the
+    // entry's groups -- the MN3101 carries extra clock terminals the entry does not model, and a
+    // 7809 may spell its pins `inputpin1` -- falls back to the declaration order its `pinout`
+    // was written against, exactly as before: that order is enforced by `pinoutMatches`, and a
+    // role-named entry with an all-null pinout cannot be wired by role OR by position, so it is
+    // refused rather than mis-wired. See `PartPinout`.
+    // **A regulator's own declared electrodes outrank the entry's pin numbering.**
+    //
+    // The 78Lxx entry's role groups list `pin1`/`pin2`/`pin3` among their aliases, which asserts
+    // a package numbering the corpus does not agree on: three packets name a 78Lxx
+    // `in, gnd, out` and `electro-harmonix-q-tron` names it `in, out, ground`. For
+    // `moogerfooger-mf-102`'s `U13` -- three terminals literally named `pin1`, `pin2`, `pin3` --
+    // the entry's `pin2 -> gnd`, `pin3 -> out` is backwards against the packet's own source
+    // trace, which records pin2 on `plus5` and pin3 on `gnd`. The result was the regulator's
+    // reference stamped onto the pedal's rail: node 3 carried 24 devices at **-4.9989 V** and 18
+    // of 26 active devices sat dark, reverse-biased by a whole supply, with no diagnostic.
+    //
+    // Only the two terminals the law actually spans need to be found, and for this kind both
+    // carry an unambiguous role: the regulated output is `positive` (or `negative` on an
+    // inverting converter) and the reference is `ground`. A regulator's *input* has no distinct
+    // role in the format, which is why a full bijection cannot be built from declarations here
+    // and this binds the law's own two slots rather than every pin.
+    const declaredSupplyBinding = declaredRegulatorTerminals(device, model);
+    if (declaredSupplyBinding !== null) {
+        return declaredSupplyBinding;
+    }
+    const roles = device.identity.terminalRoles;
+    const groups = entry.terminalRoleGroups;
+    const positions = groups.map((group) => terminalWithRole(roles, group));
+    const cleanRoleResolution = groups.length > 0 &&
+        groups.length === roles.length &&
+        positions.every((position) => position !== null) &&
+        new Set(positions).size === positions.length;
+    // **For an OTA the registry only wins when it can bind by role.** Everything else here may
+    // fall back to declaration order, which is right for a part whose entry was written against
+    // that order -- but an OTA already has a correct role-bound device-class law, so a positional
+    // guess from a registry entry written for different role spellings is strictly worse than
+    // keeping it. Measured: `keeley-compressor-plus` names its terminals `iabc` and `out` while
+    // the LM13600 entry names its groups `i_biasa` and `vouta`, so the bijection fails, and the
+    // positional fallback swapped that device's `bias` and `output`.
+    if (device.kind === "ota" && !cleanRoleResolution) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    let canonicalNodeAt;
+    if (cleanRoleResolution) {
+        canonicalNodeAt = (index) => {
+            const position = positions[index];
+            return position === null ? null : device.nodes[position];
+        };
+    }
+    else if (!pinoutMatches(model.pinout, roles)) {
+        // **Opened and named, not refused.** The part *is* registered -- this is an arity
+        // disagreement between a real entry and a real document, not an unknown chip -- so the
+        // two facts a reader needs are which entry and which counts, and both are in the warning.
+        // Refusing here failed the whole document for one component that could not be placed,
+        // which is the trade this repository settled the other way earlier today: losing a pedal
+        // entirely is a worse answer than losing the one stage nothing can bind.
+        //
+        // `boss-dd-3b`'s `IC2` is the case that forced it. Its `SA571D` is declared as a
+        // six-terminal source-visible shell (`rect_cap1`, `rect_cap2`, `audio_in`, `audio_out`,
+        // `vcc`, `gnd`) against the SA571's real sixteen, and four of the six pins a `compandor`
+        // section binds -- `rect_in`, `cell_in`, `inv_in` and the R3 return -- are not declared at
+        // all, with both rect-cap nodes touched by nothing but the shell itself. The packet's own
+        // record calls it a shell and claims no terminal trace for it, so there is nothing here to
+        // correct upstream and nothing this stage may invent: the summing node and the R3 return
+        // are where the external network sets the gain, and choosing them would be choosing the
+        // law. The same chip is modelled in full wherever a document declares its sixteen pins.
+        return [
+            [
+                device,
+                {
+                    outcome: "law",
+                    device: device.id,
+                    law: { kind: "open" },
+                    openReason: "registry-arity-mismatch",
+                    insteadOfRefusal: `part ${identity.partId} is registered against a ${model.pinout.length}-terminal pinout this component's ${roles.length} declared terminals do not match, and its role naming does not resolve cleanly to its sections`,
+                },
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+    else {
+        canonicalNodeAt = (index) => device.nodes[index];
+    }
+    // **A section terminal past the part's own pins is a node inside the package** -- a digital
+    // transistor's base behind its built-in series resistor. Allocated once per device and index,
+    // so every section naming it shares it, and no pin of the document can reach it.
+    const pinCount = Math.max(model.pinout.length, entry.terminalRoleGroups.length);
+    const sectioned = model.sections.map((section, index) => {
+        const nodes = section.terminals.map((terminal) => terminal >= pinCount ? internalNode(device.id, terminal) : canonicalNodeAt(terminal));
+        if (nodes.some((node) => node === undefined || node === null)) {
+            return [
+                device,
+                {
+                    outcome: "unsupported",
+                    device: device.id,
+                    reason: `part ${identity.partId} section ${index} names a terminal this component does not declare`,
+                },
+            ];
+        }
+        // Read from the section's *parent* device, which is where the package's supply pins
+        // are declared -- a section's own terminal list is only its three signal pins.
+        const sectionDrop = section.law.kind === "ideal-opamp" ? (section.law.outputSwingDropVolts ?? null) : null;
+        const sectionRails = railsAfterSwingDrop(opampRails(device, rails, nodeToVoltage), sectionDrop);
+        const railHigh = sectionRails.high;
+        const railLow = sectionRails.low;
+        // An op-amp's rails come from the op-amp's own supply terminals or the circuit's supply set,
+        // not from the registry -- the same substitution a declared `opamp` gets. A registry cannot know them:
+        // it describes a part, and the rails are a property of the pedal the part is fitted to.
+        // A compandor carries an op-amp too, and it needs the same substitution: its rails were
+        // computed just above and then dropped on the floor, because this only matched the
+        // `ideal-opamp` kind. An unrailed internal op-amp is not a small error in the Figure 7
+        // compressor, where the gain cell is the only AC feedback and the gain is unbounded
+        // until the detector charges -- `mxr-carbon-copy` answered a 2 ms burst with 195 V.
+        const law = section.law.kind === "ideal-opamp"
+            ? {
+                kind: "ideal-opamp",
+                railHigh,
+                railLow,
+                // The registry states the part's gain; only the rails are the pedal's.
+                openLoopGain: section.law.openLoopGain,
+                // Kept on the lowered law so `findOpampLawDefaults` can tell a part that
+                // states how close it gets to the rails from one that does not.
+                ...(sectionDrop === null ? {} : { outputSwingDropVolts: sectionDrop }),
+            }
+            : section.law.kind === "compandor"
+                ? { ...section.law, railHigh, railLow }
+                : section.law;
+        const sectionDevice = {
+            ...device,
+            id: `${device.id}#${index}`,
+            nodes: nodes,
+            identity: {
+                ...device.identity,
+                terminalRoles: canonicalRoles(law.kind, nodes.length),
+                // A section's terminal list is its own, so the package's declared roles do not
+                // describe it -- and `canonicalRoles` above already states each section pin's
+                // role exactly. Carrying the parent's array would misalign it by length.
+                declaredTerminalRoles: canonicalRoles(law.kind, nodes.length),
+            },
+        };
+        return [
+            sectionDevice,
+            {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: sectionDevice.id,
+                law,
+            },
+        ];
+    });
+    // A `sections-core` entry additionally keeps its sampled core: the sections above
+    // become ordinary devices, and the whole device resolves as the existing macro
+    // against the core model, binding its ports to the same boundary nodes the
+    // sections share. The core keeps the package id; the sections took `#index`.
+    if (model.kind === "sections-core") {
+        return [
+            ...sectioned,
+            [
+                device,
+                resolveMacro(device, identity.partId, model.core, registry, netlist),
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+    return sectioned;
+}
+/**
+ * A registry macro against one device: terminal roles resolved to indices, pedal-specific
+ * parameters merged in.
+ *
+ * Two things the registry cannot state and this stage supplies, both for the same reason the
+ * `ideal-opamp` branch above takes its rails from the circuit — a registry describes a part, and
+ * these belong to the pedal it was fitted to:
+ *
+ *   - **where the ports landed**, from `MacroPortRoles`. Order-independent, so one entry serves
+ *     every declaration order that names its terminals.
+ *   - **how long the delay is**, from the source's own `DelayMs`. A bucket brigade's delay is
+ *     `stages / (2 * f_clock)` and only the stage count is part-intrinsic, so the registry cannot
+ *     know it. See `parametersFor`'s `ic` branch.
+ *
+ * **A macro with no locatable audio port is refused, not defaulted.** Measured: leaving
+ * `audioPortImpedanceOhms` null keeps both ports absent, and a macro with no tap and no write-back
+ * is not in the signal path at all -- `electro-harmonix-electric-mistress` renders exact zero that
+ * way, because its whole signal path is the macro. A pedal that compiles to silence is worse than
+ * one that refuses by name. See `thoughts/shared/experiments/macro-audio-port-impedance/`.
+ */
+/**
+ * The physical position a bare-pin document's terminal sits at, when this entry names one. Returns
+ * `null` unless the entry supplies positions for `port`, the device is fully bare (every terminal a
+ * `pinN` with no role token), and the position is within the device's declared terminal count. A
+ * document that names even one terminal resolves by role and never reaches here.
+ */
+function barePinPosition(macro, roles, port) {
+    const position = macro.barePinPositions?.[port];
+    if (position === undefined) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    if (!roles.every((role) => role === null)) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    if (position >= roles.length) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    return position;
+}
+/**
+ * Thin wrapper that brackets the real resolution so every registry entry consulted while computing
+ * this macro's parameters is recorded against the macro's device id. **No behaviour change** -- the
+ * wrapper only opens and closes the recording.
+ */
+function resolveMacro(device, partId, macro, registry, netlist) {
+    return withRecordedReads(`macro:${device.id}`, () => resolveMacroInner(device, partId, macro, registry, netlist));
+}
+function resolveMacroInner(device, partId, macro, 
+// Required, and ahead of the optional `netlist` so it cannot be omitted. It was
+// `registry?` while `bbd-clock.ts` defaulted its own parameter to the part catalog, so an
+// omission here resolved to the full catalog instead of failing — the leak that kept the
+// compiler from being part-free. Its one caller always had a registry to give.
+registry, netlist) {
+    const roles = device.identity.terminalRoles;
+    const audioIn = terminalWithRole(roles, macro.ports.audioIn) ??
+        barePinPosition(macro, roles, "audioIn");
+    const audioOut = terminalWithRole(roles, macro.ports.audioOut) ??
+        barePinPosition(macro, roles, "audioOut");
+    // A second output, only for a part that declares one and a device that names it. Absent is
+    // the ordinary case and stays a one-output macro: unlike the ports above, failing to find
+    // this is not a refusal, because most parts genuinely have one output.
+    const audioOut2 = (macro.ports.audioOut2 ?? []).length === 0
+        ? null
+        : terminalWithRole(roles, macro.ports.audioOut2 ?? []);
+    if (audioIn === null || audioOut === null) {
+        const missing = [
+            audioIn === null ? "audio in" : null,
+            audioOut === null ? "audio out" : null,
+        ].filter((label) => label !== null);
+        return {
+            outcome: "unsupported",
+            device: device.id,
+            reason: `part ${partId} declares no terminal this registry can read as ${missing.join(" or ")}: its ${roles.length} terminals are named ${describeRoles(roles)}`,
+        };
+    }
+    const parameterPort = macro.ports.parameter ?? [];
+    const parameterTerminal = parameterPort.length === 0
+        ? null
+        : terminalWithRole(roles, parameterPort) ??
+            barePinPosition(macro, roles, "parameter");
+    // Delay time resolution precedence:
+    // 1. If a clock driver exists and its timing network resolves, derive delaySeconds.
+    // 2. Otherwise fall back to declared device.parameters.delaySeconds (DelayMs).
+    // 3. If neither derived delay nor declared DelayMs exists, refuse naming missing DelayMs.
+    let delaySeconds = device.parameters.delaySeconds;
+    let clockControl = null;
+    // Provenance, so a consumer can tell a delay the circuit produced from one the source
+    // asserted. Starts as `declared` and is only promoted by an actual derivation below.
+    // `clock-law` is the third state: the static base stays declared (it sizes the line)
+    // while the sweep is derived per sample by the open-OX2 law.
+    let delayProvenance = "declared";
+    let delayDeclaredReason = "this part's model carries no clock derivation";
+    let clockLawFields = {};
+    if (macro.modelId === "bucket-brigade-delay-line") {
+        const stages = macro.parameters.stages;
+        if (stages === undefined || !(stages > 0) || !Number.isInteger(stages)) {
+            return {
+                outcome: "unsupported",
+                device: device.id,
+                reason: `part ${partId} is a bucket-brigade delay line with no stage count declared in its registry entry`,
+            };
+        }
+        if (netlist !== undefined) {
+            // The open-OX2 relaxation form first: its sweep is a per-sample law, not a
+            // static number, so the star derivation below must not claim it. Absent
+            // here falls through to the existing path untouched.
+            const openOx2 = deriveOpenOx2ClockLaw(netlist, registry);
+            if (openOx2.outcome === "recognized") {
+                delayProvenance = "clock-law";
+                delayDeclaredReason =
+                    `static base is the declared DelayMs fallback; the sweep is derived per sample ` +
+                        `by the open-OX2 clock law from node ${openOx2.slowNode} ` +
+                        `(R ${openOx2.rOhms} C ${openOx2.cFarads}, steered by ${openOx2.steeredBy})`;
+                clockLawFields = {
+                    clockLawNode: openOx2.slowNode,
+                    clockLawSteeredBy: openOx2.steeredBy,
+                    clockLawParams: {
+                        rOhms: openOx2.rOhms,
+                        cFarads: openOx2.cFarads,
+                        vddVolts: OPEN_OX2_VDD_VOLTS,
+                        vthVolts: OPEN_OX2_VTH_VOLTS,
+                        vfVolts: OPEN_OX2_VF_VOLTS,
+                        floorVolts: OPEN_OX2_FLOOR_VOLTS,
+                    },
+                };
+            }
+            else {
+                const clockDerivation = deriveBbdDelayFromNetlist(device, netlist, stages, registry);
+                delayDeclaredReason =
+                    clockDerivation.outcome === "no-clock-driver"
+                        ? "no clock driver device is wired to this delay line"
+                        : clockDerivation.outcome === "refused"
+                            ? clockDerivation.reason
+                            : null;
+                if (clockDerivation.outcome === "derived") {
+                    delayProvenance = "derived";
+                    delaySeconds = clockDerivation.delaySeconds;
+                    if (clockDerivation.controlId !== null) {
+                        clockControl = {
+                            controlId: clockDerivation.controlId,
+                            taper: clockDerivation.taper,
+                            ohmsAtControlMin: clockDerivation.ohmsAtControlMin,
+                            ohmsAtControlMax: clockDerivation.ohmsAtControlMax,
+                            farads: clockDerivation.cFarads,
+                            stages: clockDerivation.stages,
+                            formulaConstant: clockDerivation.formulaConstant,
+                            offsetSeconds: clockDerivation.offsetSeconds,
+                        };
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (macro.modelId === "digital-delay-line") {
+        const part = foldPartId(device.identity.partNumber ?? "");
+        if (part === "pt2399" || part === "pt2399s") {
+            if (netlist !== undefined) {
+                const ptDerivation = derivePt2399DelayFromNetlist(device, netlist);
+                delayDeclaredReason =
+                    ptDerivation.outcome === "refused" ? ptDerivation.reason : null;
+                if (ptDerivation.outcome === "derived") {
+                    delayProvenance = "derived";
+                    delaySeconds = ptDerivation.delaySeconds;
+                    if (ptDerivation.controlId !== null) {
+                        clockControl = {
+                            controlId: ptDerivation.controlId,
+                            taper: ptDerivation.taper,
+                            ohmsAtControlMin: ptDerivation.ohmsAtControlMin,
+                            ohmsAtControlMax: ptDerivation.ohmsAtControlMax,
+                            farads: ptDerivation.cFarads,
+                            stages: ptDerivation.stages,
+                            formulaConstant: ptDerivation.formulaConstant,
+                            offsetSeconds: ptDerivation.offsetSeconds,
+                        };
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else if (part === "m50195" || part === "m50195p") {
+            if (netlist !== undefined) {
+                const mDerivation = deriveM50195DelayFromNetlist(device, netlist);
+                delayDeclaredReason =
+                    mDerivation.outcome === "refused" ? mDerivation.reason : null;
+                if (mDerivation.outcome === "derived") {
+                    delayProvenance = "derived";
+                    delaySeconds = mDerivation.delaySeconds;
+                    if (mDerivation.controlId !== null) {
+                        clockControl = {
+                            controlId: mDerivation.controlId,
+                            taper: mDerivation.taper,
+                            ohmsAtControlMin: mDerivation.ohmsAtControlMin,
+                            ohmsAtControlMax: mDerivation.ohmsAtControlMax,
+                            farads: mDerivation.cFarads,
+                            stages: mDerivation.stages,
+                            formulaConstant: mDerivation.formulaConstant,
+                            offsetSeconds: mDerivation.offsetSeconds,
+                        };
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // **Only a delay model needs a delay time.** A reverb's decay is part-intrinsic -- the
+    // BTDR-2 datasheet's T60 -- so it arrives in the registry entry's `parameters` and the pedal's
+    // wiring says nothing about it. Applying the delay refusal to every macro made a reverb
+    // module refuse with "declares no positive DelayMs", which misattributes the gap to the packet
+    // and would invite a bogus `DelayMs` into a correct `.vdsp`.
+    // **The modulation port, resolved only for a bucket brigade and only from the netlist.**
+    // A delay whose clock is steered by an LFO cannot state its length as one number, which is
+    // what `deriveBbdDelayFromNetlist` now refuses to pretend. This is the other half of that
+    // refusal: the length still moves, and this names the node it moves with.
+    let modulationFields = {};
+    if (macro.modelId === "bucket-brigade-delay-line" && netlist !== undefined) {
+        const source = resolveClockModulationSource(device, netlist, registry);
+        if (source.outcome === "resolved") {
+            modulationFields = {
+                modulationNode: source.node,
+                modulationSteeredBy: source.steeredBy,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+    const needsDelayTime = macro.modelId === "bucket-brigade-delay-line" ||
+        macro.modelId === "digital-delay-line";
+    if (needsDelayTime && (delaySeconds === undefined || !(delaySeconds > 0))) {
+        return {
+            outcome: "unsupported",
+            device: device.id,
+            reason: `part ${partId} is a delay macro and this component declares no positive DelayMs, which is the one parameter its model cannot be given by the registry`,
+        };
+    }
+    return {
+        outcome: "macro",
+        device: device.id,
+        macro: {
+            modelId: macro.modelId,
+            parameters: delaySeconds === undefined
+                ? { ...macro.parameters }
+                : { ...macro.parameters, delaySeconds },
+            portTerminals: audioOut2 === null
+                ? [audioIn, audioOut]
+                : [audioIn, audioOut, audioOut2],
+            audioPortImpedanceOhms: macro.audioPortImpedanceOhms,
+            // Both or neither, which `MacroModel` requires: a terminal with no reference voltage
+            // cannot be scaled against anything.
+            ...(parameterTerminal !== null && macro.parameterReferenceVolts !== null
+                ? {
+                    parameterTerminal,
+                    parameterReferenceVolts: macro.parameterReferenceVolts,
+                }
+                : { parameterTerminal: null, parameterReferenceVolts: null }),
+            ...modulationFields,
+            ...clockLawFields,
+            clockControl,
+            delayProvenance,
+            delayDeclaredReason: delayProvenance === "derived" ? null : delayDeclaredReason,
+        },
+    };
+}
+/** A device's terminal roles as a diagnostic reads them, with unnamed pins called what they are. */
+function describeRoles(roles) {
+    const named = roles.filter((role) => role !== null);
+    return named.length === 0
+        ? "by pin number alone, carrying no role tokens"
+        : named.join(", ");
+}
+/**
+ * Role tokens a section device presents, so lowering's per-kind terminal lookup finds them.
+ *
+ * Only the kinds a registry can currently supply as a section. Anything else gets no roles, which
+ * leaves lowering on its positional fallback -- correct for a two-terminal law and the reason an
+ * unlisted three-terminal kind must be added here rather than assumed to work.
+ */
+function canonicalRoles(kind, count) {
+    // **Core role values, not folded name tokens.** `declaredTerminalRoles` holds "the role each
+    // terminal declares, as core parsed it", and this wrote `noninverting` -- the folded *name*
+    // token the old `opampPlusRoles` set matched. Harmless while lowering compared against that
+    // set, and a wrong answer the moment it compared against the core vocabulary: nine packets'
+    // op-amp sections reported `nonInverting=0` and refused.
+    if (kind === "ideal-opamp" && count === 3) {
+        return ["nonInverting", "inverting", "output"];
+    }
+    if (kind === "transformer" && count === 4) {
+        return ["primarya", "primaryb", "secondarya", "secondaryb"];
+    }
+    if (kind === "clock-driver" && count === 6) {
+        // `gnd` is the part's own GND pin and is last because it was added after the other five.
+        // It is not circuit ground: the MN3101/MN3102 run on a single negative supply, so a +9 V
+        // pedal ties this pin to the positive rail and ties `vdd` to circuit ground.
+        return ["cp1", "cp2", "vgg", "vdd", "ox1", "gnd"];
+    }
+    // A registry section's nodes are already in the law's canonical order -- `section.terminals`
+    // indexed them -- so naming them here states what is true rather than inferring it. Added
+    // 2026-09-03 because `lower.ts` now reads declared roles: without these a three-terminal
+    // `bjt`/`fet` section arrived with no roles, took the positional path (correctly, since the
+    // order is canonical) and was reported as an unreadable-role fallback. A false positive on a
+    // binding the registry had already got right.
+    if (kind === "bjt" && count === 3) {
+        return ["base", "collector", "emitter"];
+    }
+    if (kind === "fet" && count === 3) {
+        return ["gate", "drain", "source"];
+    }
+    // A regulator or converter lowered to a supply: `section.terminals` already put the output
+    // first and the reference second, so naming them states that order rather than guessing it.
+    // Without this the section arrived unlabelled, `supplyTerminals` fell through to
+    // `terminalPair`, and which end got the voltage was whichever the entry happened to list
+    // first -- how `moogerfooger-mf-102` came to hold its +5 rail at -4.9989 V.
+    if (kind === "voltage-source" && count === 2) {
+        return ["positive", "negative"];
+    }
+    // Same shape as the supply above: `section.terminals` has already put the LED first and its
+    // return second, followed by the cell's two ends, which is the order `optocouplerTerminals`
+    // falls through to. Naming them states that order instead of leaving the section to depend on
+    // it -- and an unlabelled section is indistinguishable from a document that declared nothing,
+    // so without this the two get the same warning and only one of them deserves it.
+    //
+    // `end` twice is deliberate and is the physics: a photoresistor conducts the same either way,
+    // so the cell states no polarity and either declaration order is the same circuit.
+    if (kind === "optocoupler" && count === 4) {
+        return ["anode", "cathode", "end", "end"];
+    }
+    return Array.from({ length: count }, () => null);
+}
+function supplyNodes(netlist) {
+    const returns = new Set();
+    const drives = new Set();
+    const degree = new Map();
+    for (const device of netlist.devices) {
+        for (const node of device.nodes) {
+            degree.set(node, (degree.get(node) ?? 0) + 1);
+        }
+        if (device.kind !== "voltage-source") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        // Declared roles, as everywhere else that asks which end of a supply is which.
+        device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles.forEach((role, index) => {
+            const node = device.nodes[index];
+            if (role === null || node === undefined) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (role === "negative") {
+                returns.add(node);
+            }
+            if (role === "positive") {
+                drives.add(node);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    return { returns, drives, degree };
+}
+/**
+ * The generic triode, following the generic BJT's precedent exactly: an unregistered
+ * transistor gets a device-class law rather than a refusal, so an unregistered tube does
+ * too. A registry entry refines it; nothing here reads a part number.
+ *
+ * These are the 12AX7 Koren coefficients `whole-amp-5f1` already validated, taken rather
+ * than re-derived. That experiment solves a 2x12AX7 + 6V6 path to a physically sane bias
+ * (V1A `Vk 1.251`, `Vp 166.6`, `Ip 0.83 mA` on a 250 V rail through 100k with a 1.5k
+ * cathode), which makes it a real oracle this repository already owns.
+ *
+ * **There are two prior tube experiments and they validate different things** — worth knowing
+ * before treating either as the reference:
+ *
+ * - `whole-amp-5f1` uses **Koren** with registry-fit coefficients and validates a **static
+ *   operating point** against textbook 12AX7 values. That is what this law follows.
+ * - `compact-mna-dynamic-triode-cell` uses a **different, simpler law** (`triodeK`, `mu`,
+ *   `triodeSoftness`) and validates **dynamics** — grid/coupling recovery — plus DK-reduction
+ *   equivalence to `1e-9` correlation with an analytic reduced Jacobian. Its own boundary note
+ *   says it "is not calibrated to a real 12AX7 datasheet or ngspice tube model yet", so its
+ *   coefficients are not a datasheet anchor and are deliberately not used here.
+ *
+ * When the re-orientation reaches state-space reduction, that second experiment is the proven
+ * reference for a DK-reduced triode cell; it is not a reference for this law's coefficients.
+ *
+ * A 12AX7 as the *generic* triode is a choice worth stating: it is the overwhelmingly
+ * common preamp triode, and a power triode is a different fit. An amp whose character
+ * comes from a specific tube needs a registry entry, and this default should not be read
+ * as a claim about that tube.
+ */
+const GENERIC_TRIODE = {
+    mu: 100.29,
+    kg1: 1375.3,
+    kp: 2052.0,
+    kvb: 9706.8,
+    ex: 1.0,
+    // Grid conduction, from `compact-mna-dynamic-triode-cell`'s validated cell rather than
+    // invented: `gridIs 1e-5`, `gridVt 0.06`, `gridThreshold 0.05`. Those are the values it
+    // reports 0 Newton failures with across a 40x velocity ladder, at 2.1 to 2.8 iterations
+    // per sample.
+    gridSaturationCurrent: 1.0e-5,
+    gridOnsetVolts: 0.05,
+    gridScaleVolts: 0.06,
+    // Omitted by the fits these coefficients came from, so 0 keeps them self-consistent.
+    contactPotentialVolts: 0,
+};
+/**
+ * The generic pentode: `whole-amp-5f1`'s 6V6GT fit, again taken rather than re-derived. That
+ * experiment solves the 6V6 to `Vk 23.3`, `Vp 329.1`, `Ip 49.6 mA` — and records honestly that
+ * this is "~10 mA hot vs a real 5F1", calling it "first-order pentode-model calibration TODO,
+ * not a viability blocker". So this law is a working power pentode and **not** a calibrated one;
+ * the plate current is known to run high.
+ *
+ * **`kg1` was rescaled from 1060.0 when the plate gate changed from `tanh` against a 40 V knee to
+ * Koren's `atan(Vpk/kvb)`, so this fit is behaviour-neutral across that change.** Unlike the
+ * catalogued tubes -- whose published coefficients were generated against `atan` and were therefore
+ * 26-34% low under `tanh` -- these numbers were tuned locally *with* `tanh`, so its saturation at
+ * 1.0 is already inside `kg1`. The factor is `atan(305.8/38) / tanh(305.8/40)` = 1.44717, taken
+ * at the operating point this fit's own experiment records (`Vp 329.1`, `Vk 23.3`), which makes the
+ * plate current identical there and within a percent nearby. **The known ~10 mA of excess above is
+ * untouched and is a separate defect**; this rescale deliberately preserves it rather than silently
+ * folding a second correction into a first.
+ *
+ * **The grid parameters are the weakest numbers here and are reused, not measured.** They come
+ * from `compact-mna-dynamic-triode-cell`'s *preamp triode*; a power tube's grid conducts at a
+ * different onset and much harder, and blocking distortion on an overdriven power stage is
+ * exactly that behaviour. Omitting grid current would be worse — it is the mechanism that makes
+ * an overdriven output stage sound like one — but a registry entry should refine these before
+ * any claim about a specific power tube's overdrive.
+ */
+const GENERIC_PENTODE = {
+    mu: 8.0,
+    kg1: 1534.0,
+    kp: 72.0,
+    kvb: 38.0,
+    ex: 1.34,
+    gridSaturationCurrent: 1.0e-5,
+    gridOnsetVolts: 0.05,
+    gridScaleVolts: 0.06,
+    // Omitted by the fits these coefficients came from, so 0 keeps them self-consistent.
+    contactPotentialVolts: 0,
+};
+/**
+ * The generic tube rectifier, following the triode and pentode's discipline: coefficients taken
+ * from a datasheet-anchored source this repository already holds, never re-derived and never
+ * invented.
+ *
+ * The source is `thoughts/shared/experiments/power-domain-tube-rectifier/`, whose two cases fit
+ * `K` from admitted datasheet operating points and reproduce them to better than 0.15%:
+ *
+ * ```
+ *            K (A/V^1.5)   anchor          reproduces
+ *   5Y3GT      3.54e-4     50 V, 125 mA    0.125158 A
+ *   GZ34       3.21e-3     17 V, 225 mA    0.224998 A
+ * ```
+ *
+ * **5Y3GT is the generic, and that choice is weaker than the triode's 12AX7.** The 12AX7 is the
+ * overwhelmingly common preamp triode; there is no equivalently dominant rectifier, and the amp
+ * corpus's three instances are one 5Y3GT, one 5U4 and one GZ34 — one each. The two anchored fits
+ * are a **factor of nine apart in `K`**, which at 50 mA is 47 V of drop against 10 V, so this
+ * default is a directly-heated 5Y3-class rectifier and a specific amp's sag needs a registry
+ * entry. It is the conservative end of the range (the largest drop of the two) and it belongs to
+ * `fender-5f1-champ`, the one amp whose preamp stage this repository already validates against an
+ * ngspice oracle.
+ *
+ * Nothing here reads `PartNumber`. All three instances declare one — `5Y3GT`, `5U4`, `GZ34` — and
+ * acting on it is stage 2's job through the registry, exactly as for an unregistered transistor.
+ */
+const GENERIC_TUBE_DIODE = {
+    perveance: 3.54e-4,
+    exponent: 1.5,
+};
+/**
+ * The supply extremes a circuit establishes. An op-amp cannot drive its output past
+ * them, and that needs no part number: both facts are in the netlist. A circuit that
+ * declares no supply has no rails, and its op-amps stay unbounded.
+ */
+/**
+ * Terminal roles that name a regulator's regulated output, as `terminalRoleToken` folds them.
+ *
+ * Closed vocabulary, compared as whole tokens. `output` is here because
+ * `electro-harmonix-deluxe-memory-man`'s `U12_LM7915` spells it that way, and the only
+ * pre-existing reader of this shape looked for `out` exactly and so could never have found it.
+ */
+const REGULATOR_OUTPUT_ROLES = ["out", "output", "vout", "voutput"];
+/**
+ * Supply voltages a **registered regulator** holds its output at, and the node each one drives.
+ *
+ * Why this exists: a three-terminal regulator declares no voltage of its own. `U12_LM7915` in
+ * `electro-harmonix-deluxe-memory-man` carries `parameters: {}` — the −15 V is a property of the
+ * *part*, stated once in the registry as a `voltage-source` law, not of the document. Both
+ * readers below were built from the netlist alone, so the pedal's entire negative rail was
+ * invisible to them while being perfectly visible to lowering, which stamps it as a `dc-source`.
+ *
+ * The cost of that gap was not subtle. All ten of that pedal's op-amps declare `vminus` on the
+ * regulator's output node, `supplyRails` returned `low: 0` because it had only seen the +24 V
+ * rail, and every op-amp was told it could not swing below ground. Outputs clipped at 0 V
+ * instead of −15 V, and the DC error propagated until the NE570's summing node settled at
+ * **−20.5 V**, five volts below a rail the compiler did not know existed.
+ *
+ * `supply-reference.ts` already had to learn this and says so in its header: it reads the lowered
+ * `dc-source` stamps "rather than the declared `rail`/`battery` devices". This stage runs before
+ * lowering, so it cannot read stamps — but it holds the registry, which is where the number is.
+ */
+function registrySuppliedVoltages(netlist, registry) {
+    const supplies = [];
+    for (const device of netlist.devices) {
+        // A device that states its own voltage is already read by both callers; this is only
+        // for the ones whose voltage exists solely as a registered part fact.
+        if (device.parameters.volts !== undefined) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const identity = identify(device, registry);
+        if (identity === null) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const entry = registryEntryFor(registry, identity, device.nodes.length);
+        if (entry === null || entry.model.kind !== "sections") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (const section of entry.model.sections) {
+            if (section.law.kind !== "voltage-source") {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const volts = section.law.volts;
+            if (!Number.isFinite(volts)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const index = terminalWithRole(device.identity.terminalRoles, REGULATOR_OUTPUT_ROLES);
+            if (index === null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const node = device.nodes[index];
+            if (node !== undefined && node !== 0) {
+                supplies.push({ node, volts });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return supplies;
+}
+function supplyRails(netlist, regulated) {
+    // Rails count as supplies too, or an op-amp on a rail-only pedal has no ceiling to
+    // clip against and renders a voltage the circuit could not make.
+    //
+    // **An AC source is not a rail**, and is excluded by the same evidence the law uses: a
+    // declared frequency. A mains inlet is not something an op-amp output can clip against --
+    // it swings both ways at 60 Hz, and the DC rails a solid-state amp's op-amps actually see
+    // are downstream of its rectifier and reservoir. Counting a 120 V mains peak as `railHigh`
+    // would give every op-amp in a mains-powered amp a ceiling 20x too high, which is a wrong
+    // answer that renders. No packet exercises this today: the pedal corpus has no AC supply,
+    // and no amp document reaches a program.
+    const volts = netlist.devices
+        .filter((device) => device.kind === "voltage-source" || device.kind === "rail")
+        .filter((device) => device.parameters.frequency === undefined)
+        .map((device) => device.parameters.volts)
+        .filter((value) => value !== undefined && Number.isFinite(value))
+        // A regulator's rail counts the same as a declared one: it is a fixed supply the
+        // circuit's op-amps clip against. See `registrySuppliedVoltages`.
+        .concat(regulated.map((supply) => supply.volts));
+    if (volts.length === 0) {
+        return { high: null, low: null };
+    }
+    // Ground is a rail whenever any supply exists, so a single positive supply gives a
+    // 0..V swing rather than a symmetric one.
+    return { high: Math.max(0, ...volts), low: Math.min(0, ...volts) };
+}
+/**
+ * The one AC frequency this document states, in Hz, or `null`.
+ *
+ * A transformer does not change frequency: every winding on one core runs at whatever the
+ * primary is fed at. So a transformer lowered as independent secondary sources still needs the
+ * mains frequency, and this is where it comes from -- the same place it already came from
+ * before, since a coupled winding inherited it from the AC source stamped on the primary. The
+ * change is that it is now read rather than propagated, not that a new fact is being assumed.
+ *
+ * **Zero or several distinct frequencies is `null`, and `null` is a refusal downstream.** One
+ * value is unambiguous; a document with two different AC frequencies in it has no single
+ * "mains" and this stage will not pick one. Measured across the 24 canonical amps: 20 declare
+ * exactly one frequency, 4 declare none (`marshall-jcm800`, `orange-gro100`, `peavey-5150`,
+ * and both `vox-ac15` packets, which declare no supply component at all), and none declares
+ * two. So the several-frequencies branch is unexercised today and is written as a refusal for
+ * the same reason every other unexercised branch here is.
+ *
+ * A frequency of 0 or less is not a waveform and is excluded, matching the `voltage-source`
+ * law's own reading of a declared 0 Hz as DC.
+ */
+function mainsFrequency(netlist) {
+    const frequencies = new Set(netlist.devices
+        .map((device) => device.parameters.frequency)
+        .filter((value) => value !== undefined && Number.isFinite(value) && value > 0));
+    return frequencies.size === 1 ? [...frequencies][0] : null;
+}
+/**
+ * Is every one of this device's nodes private to itself — touched by no other device and
+ * never ground?
+ *
+ * A component that shares no net with anything cannot affect the solve, however it would
+ * have been modelled: physically, a disconnected chip does nothing. Refusing the whole
+ * pedal for it is over-strict; several packets deliberately carry such blocks as declared
+ * view-only power clusters (klon-centaur's `MAX1044_CLUSTER_VIEW_ONLY` draws the charge
+ * pump on four nodes nothing else touches, and separately declares the rails it produces
+ * as voltage-carrying ports — its own record says "not a solved terminal charge-pump
+ * model"). The resolution is `open` plus a LOUD compile warning, so a cluster isolated by
+ * a wiring mistake rather than by intent is still named, never silently swallowed.
+ *
+ * Deliberately narrow: ONE shared node — even ground — defeats it. pigtronix's LT1054
+ * drives a diode-doubler from its switching pin, shares nets, and keeps refusing.
+ */
+export function isElectricallyIsolated(device, devicesTouchingNode) {
+    if (device.nodes.length === 0) {
+        return false; // zero-terminal components are the unconnected-behavior scanner's beat
+    }
+    return device.nodes.every((node) => node !== 0 && (devicesTouchingNode.get(node) ?? 0) <= 1);
+}
+/** How many devices touch each node, counting a device once however many terminals it lands. */
+export function deviceCountByNode(netlist) {
+    const counts = new Map();
+    for (const device of netlist.devices) {
+        for (const node of new Set(device.nodes)) {
+            counts.set(node, (counts.get(node) ?? 0) + 1);
+        }
+    }
+    return counts;
+}
+const CHARGE_PUMP_PARTS = new Set([
+    "tc1044",
+    "tc1044scpa",
+    "max1044",
+    "7662",
+    "lt1054cp",
+    "lt1054",
+]);
+/**
+ * A charge-pump IC whose output node is already backed by a declared rail is a
+ * view-only structural anchor: the rail supplies the voltage, the IC adds nothing.
+ * The Klon's MAX1044 is handled by `isElectricallyIsolated` (all nodes private);
+ * this covers the wider class where the pump shares nets with the declared rail.
+ */
+function isChargePumpWithDeclaredRail(device, nodeToVoltage, oneHopVoltage) {
+    const partNumber = device.identity.partNumber;
+    if (partNumber === null) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!CHARGE_PUMP_PARTS.has(partNumber.toLowerCase())) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return device.nodes.some((node) => node !== 0 && (nodeToVoltage.has(node) || oneHopVoltage.has(node)));
+}
+/**
+ * An OTA's signal terminals, bound by the names the device declares for them.
+ *
+ * The five OTA parts in this corpus spell the same five pins five different ways, so
+ * the closed vocabularies below are unions of what the sources actually declare, each
+ * compared as a whole folded token by `terminalWithRole` -- never as a substring, and
+ * never against a description. `terminalWithRole` also refuses an ambiguous match, so a
+ * part declaring two terminals that both fold to `output` binds neither.
+ *
+ * Why this exists: this law is reached by `kind === "ota"` straight off the netlist,
+ * which bypasses the registry's `sections` mapping entirely, so nothing had ever
+ * reordered these terminals. Reading positions 0/1/2/3 of the *declared* order then
+ * bound the CA3080's balance pin as its input, its non-inverting input as its output,
+ * and its negative supply as its bias current -- and `bias === vee` makes
+ * `iAbc = is * (exp(0) - 1) = 0`, so the stage had zero transconductance by
+ * construction and `mxr-dyna-comp` was silent. Every OTA in the corpus mis-bound at
+ * least one pin; the ones that worked did so by coincidence.
+ */
+/**
+ * Signal-pin positions of an 8-pin OTA package, 0-indexed.
+ *
+ * **Verified against the CA3094 datasheet** (Intersil/RCA `CA3094, CA3094A, CA3094B`, "30MHz,
+ * High Output Current Operational Transconductance Amplifier", Pinouts, PDIP/SOIC top view), not
+ * just inherited from the CA3080 this comment used to cite: pin 2 and pin 3 are the differential
+ * inputs, pin 4 is GND/V-, pin 5 is I_ABC, pin 6 is the drive output (emitter), pin 7 is V+, pin 8
+ * is the sink output (collector), pin 1 is external frequency compensation or the inhibit input.
+ * Those map to the indices below exactly.
+ *
+ * **The input polarity is conditional, which the pinout diagram does not show.** The datasheet's
+ * output-mode table gives it: taking the output at terminal 6 ("source" mode) makes terminal 2
+ * inverting and terminal 3 non-inverting; taking it at terminal 8 ("sink" mode) swaps them,
+ * because the collector inverts what the emitter follows. The indices below are the terminal-6
+ * reading, which is the output this law binds. A circuit that used pin 8 instead would need the
+ * inputs exchanged, so an OTA whose output is not pin 6 must not be resolved by this constant.
+ */
+const OTA_DIP8_POSITIONS = {
+    plus: 2,
+    minus: 1,
+    output: 5,
+    bias: 4,
+    vee: 3,
+};
+/**
+ * The OTA's device-class law: what an unregistered OTA gets, and what a registered one falls back
+ * to when its entry supplies no model. Terminals bind by role -- see `otaTerminalBinding`.
+ */
+function otaDeviceClassLaw(device) {
+    return {
+        outcome: "law",
+        device: device.id,
+        law: {
+            kind: "ota",
+            transconductance: device.parameters.transconductance ?? 1e-3,
+            saturationCurrent: device.parameters.saturationCurrent,
+            thermalVoltage: device.parameters.thermalVoltage,
+            ...otaTerminalBinding(device),
+        },
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * An OTA's four signal terminals from its **declared** electrodes, or null when it does not
+ * declare the three that decide the binding.
+ *
+ * Shared by `otaTerminalBinding` and `otaPackageOrderAssumed` so the resolver and the warning
+ * cannot disagree about whether a document stated its pins.
+ */
+function otaDeclaredBinding(device) {
+    const declared = device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles;
+    const declaredIndex = (role) => {
+        const found = declared.findIndex((value) => value === role);
+        return found === -1 ? null : found;
+    };
+    const plus = declaredIndex("nonInverting");
+    const minus = declaredIndex("inverting");
+    const output = declaredIndex("output");
+    if (plus === null || minus === null || output === null) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    return {
+        terminalIndices: { plus, minus, output, bias: declaredIndex("bias") },
+        veeIndex: declaredIndex("supplyNegative") ?? device.parameters.veeIndex,
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * An OTA whose four signal connections come from the **DIP-8 package order** rather than from
+ * anything the document states about its electrodes.
+ *
+ * Exported so `findUnreadableTerminalRoles` can report exactly the devices this fallback catches,
+ * instead of mirroring its condition. A warning kept on a different test from the resolver it
+ * guards is how a silent mis-wiring was introduced once already in this compiler, on a switch,
+ * and the same shape would be available here: the fallback needs eight all-null *names*, and a
+ * predicate that asked about declared roles instead would report a different set of devices.
+ *
+ * The assumption itself is sound and deliberate -- reading a role-less eight-terminal shell as its
+ * package beats reading positions 0..3, which puts the output on pin 3. It is still an assumption
+ * the source does not make, which is the whole reason it should say so out loud.
+ */
+export function otaPackageOrderAssumed(device) {
+    // The declared branch of `otaTerminalBinding` decides before the package fallback is
+    // reached, so a device that declares its electrodes assumes nothing and must not warn.
+    // Shared with the resolver rather than restated: the first version of this predicate read
+    // only the names, which meant a packet could declare every electrode correctly and still be
+    // told its pins had been guessed.
+    if (otaDeclaredBinding(device) !== null) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const names = device.identity.terminalRoles;
+    return names.length === 8 && names.every((role) => role === null);
+}
+function otaTerminalBinding(device) {
+    // A declared electrode decides; a name only speaks where the document declares nothing.
+    const fromDeclaration = otaDeclaredBinding(device);
+    if (fromDeclaration !== null) {
+        return fromDeclaration;
+    }
+    // **The name vocabularies that used to sit here are gone.** Five sets -- plus, minus,
+    // output, bias and vee -- spelled 24 ways between them, and emptying all five left every
+    // one of the 142 corpus programs byte-identical with all 15 terminal bindings standing.
+    // The 10 OTAs that need a binding declare their electrodes; the other 6 OTA laws are
+    // registry *sections*, whose terminals the registry already selected in law order.
+    //
+    // A device that names none of its terminals still states its package by declaring
+    // eight of them: `terminalRoleToken` maps a bare `pin1` to null on purpose, so
+    // `electro-harmonix-small-stone`'s CA3094 shells arrive role-less with their pins in
+    // package order. Reading that order as the package pinout is an assumption, but a far
+    // better founded one than reading positions 0..3, which put the output on pin 3.
+    // The names are read only for their *absence* here: `pin1`..`pin8` folds to null, which is
+    // what says "this shell states a package rather than a set of electrodes".
+    const names = device.identity.terminalRoles;
+    if (otaPackageOrderAssumed(device)) {
+        return {
+            terminalIndices: {
+                plus: OTA_DIP8_POSITIONS.plus,
+                minus: OTA_DIP8_POSITIONS.minus,
+                output: OTA_DIP8_POSITIONS.output,
+                bias: OTA_DIP8_POSITIONS.bias,
+            },
+            veeIndex: OTA_DIP8_POSITIONS.vee,
+        };
+    }
+    // Neither named nor a recognised package: leave the positional reading in place so a
+    // registry `sections` entry, which has already mapped its own terminals, is unaffected.
+    return { veeIndex: device.parameters.veeIndex };
+}
+/**
+ * Law parameters a **registered part** contributes to a device the **source** split out of its
+ * package.
+ *
+ * The two splits know different things and neither is sufficient alone. A registry `sections`
+ * entry knows the part's numbers -- an M5218's 110 dB open-loop gain -- but decides the terminal
+ * mapping by a positional *name* signature. A `devices:` declaration knows the terminals, because
+ * the document states them and core scopes each role to one device, but says nothing about the
+ * part. So the source decides the terminals and the registry decides the numbers.
+ *
+ * Measured before this existed: `boss-ch-1`'s M5218 split by declaration produced a byte-identical
+ * topology -- same 151 stamps, same plus/minus/output nodes, same rails -- with `openLoopGain`
+ * fallen from 316227.766 to the class default. That is the whole gap this closes.
+ *
+ * **Gated on `packageDeviceId`, so it cannot touch a device that reached here any other way.**
+ * Widening the registry's reach over op-amps generally was tried on 2026-09-02 and measured wrong;
+ * this is the opposite move, narrowed to devices whose split the source itself declared.
+ *
+ * Rails are excluded because they are the pedal's rather than the part's, which is the same
+ * reason `sectionDevices` substitutes them. The device's own parameters win over these, so a
+ * document that states a value keeps it.
+ */
+const LAW_KIND_BY_DEVICE_KIND = {
+    opamp: "ideal-opamp",
+    ota: "ota",
+    optocoupler: "optocoupler",
+};
+function packageDeviceParameters(device, registry) {
+    if (device.packageDeviceId === undefined) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    const expected = LAW_KIND_BY_DEVICE_KIND[device.kind];
+    if (expected === undefined) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    // **Matched by part id alone, deliberately not through `identify`.** That function guards the
+    // registry's *terminal-mapping* use: it refuses a device whose terminal count does not equal
+    // the entry's pinout length, and it refuses an op-amp that does not need registry sections at
+    // all. Both are right for what they protect and both are wrong here -- a device the source
+    // split out of a package has a subset of the package's pins by construction (five of the
+    // M5218's eight), and it is asking for the part's numbers rather than for its own wiring.
+    const partNumber = device.identity.partNumber;
+    if (partNumber === null) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    const folded = foldPartId(partNumber);
+    const entry = registry.entries.find((each) => each.partIds.some((id) => foldPartId(id) === folded));
+    const model = entry?.model;
+    if (model === undefined || model.kind !== "sections") {
+        return {};
+    }
+    const section = model.sections.find((each) => each.law.kind === expected);
+    if (section === undefined) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    const parameters = {};
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(section.law)) {
+        if (typeof value === "number" && key !== "railHigh" && key !== "railLow") {
+            parameters[key] = value;
+        }
+    }
+    return parameters;
+}
+function resolveDevice(device, registry, rails, supply, taperByControl, mainsFrequencyHz, devicesTouchingNode, nodeToVoltage, oneHopVoltage, netlist) {
+    // A component declared as one transistor that is really several devices in one shell. Opened
+    // rather than stamped, for the reason `isNonExecutableIcSupportShell` opens an IC shell: there
+    // is no single device here to describe, and a transistor law would invent one. Reported by
+    // `findMultiDeviceShells`, which runs over the same predicate.
+    if (isMultiDeviceTransistorShell(device)) {
+        return { outcome: "law", device: device.id, law: { kind: "open" } };
+    }
+    // A source that states a device class we have no law for. Opened, not stamped with the
+    // nearest kind the format could carry; reported by `findUnimplementedDeviceLaws`.
+    if (declaresUnimplementedDeviceLaw(device)) {
+        return { outcome: "law", device: device.id, law: { kind: "open" } };
+    }
+    if (requiresIdentification(device)) {
+        // **The second resolution key, consulted only where the first has nothing.** A declared
+        // program never overrides a registered model: a fixed-function part is still identified
+        // and still takes the law its part number resolves to. It is reached when the registry
+        // has no executable model to give, which for a reprogrammable chip is always -- one
+        // catalog entry keyed on the part number cannot hold the three different effects
+        // `TC25SC080AU-104` is across this corpus.
+        //
+        // Deliberately *after* the three shell exits below. An isolated chip, a view-only source
+        // boundary and a charge pump with a declared rail are all statements that this component
+        // is not in the audio path at all, and a program declaration does not put it back.
+        const declared = () => resolveDeclaredProgram(device, netlist);
+        if (isNonExecutableIcSupportShell(device)) {
+            return openIc(device, "source-boundary-shell");
+        }
+        if (isElectricallyIsolated(device, devicesTouchingNode)) {
+            // See `isElectricallyIsolated` -- and the warning is emitted by
+            // `findElectricallyIsolatedIcs`, which compile() runs over the same predicate.
+            return openIc(device, "electrically-isolated");
+        }
+        if (isChargePumpWithDeclaredRail(device, nodeToVoltage, oneHopVoltage)) {
+            // The rail the pump generates is separately declared as a voltage-carrying
+            // port; the IC itself is a view-only structural anchor, not a solved model.
+            return openIc(device, "charge-pump-declared-rail");
+        }
+        const identity = identify(device, registry);
+        if (identity === null) {
+            // **The message has to say which rung failed, because two different failures land
+            // here and they call for opposite fixes.** A device with no part number at all needs a
+            // registry entry or a pinout. A device that NAMES a part number which matched nothing
+            // has given its strongest evidence and had it rejected -- and its declared class is
+            // then not allowed to supply a macro, because a macro asserts a specific chip identity
+            // that the unmatched part number cannot support. Saying "declared type ... matched"
+            // failed would be wrong in that second case: the class matched and was refused.
+            const named = device.identity.partNumber?.trim();
+            const fromProgram = declared();
+            if (fromProgram !== null)
+                return fromProgram;
+            return openWhereClassPermits(device, named !== undefined && named !== ""
+                ? `integrated circuit has no model: its part number "${named}" matched no registry entry, and a declared class may not supply a macro for a part whose identity is unresolved`
+                : "integrated circuit has no model: no registered part id, declared type or pinout signature matched");
+        }
+        const model = registryModelFor(registry, identity, device.nodes.length);
+        if (model === null) {
+            const fromProgram = declared();
+            if (fromProgram !== null)
+                return fromProgram;
+            return openWhereClassPermits(device, `part ${identity.partId} was identified but the registry supplies no model`);
+        }
+        if (model.kind === "law") {
+            // A registered `open` is the registry *stating* that this part has no executable
+            // model, which is a different claim from every other law it can supply and the only
+            // one whose consequence -- a component in the source and not in the program -- a
+            // reader has to be told about.
+            if (model.law.kind === "open") {
+                const fromProgram = declared();
+                if (fromProgram !== null)
+                    return fromProgram;
+                return openIc(device, "registry-open");
+            }
+            return { outcome: "law", device: device.id, law: model.law };
+        }
+        if (model.kind === "macro") {
+            return resolveMacro(device, identity.partId, model.macro, registry, netlist);
+        }
+        // Expanded by `sectionDevices` before this runs, so reaching here is a compiler defect
+        // rather than a source or registry one.
+        return {
+            outcome: "unsupported",
+            device: device.id,
+            reason: `part ${identity.partId} is multi-section and was not expanded`,
+        };
+    }
+    // A registered part's numbers reach a source-declared device here; see
+    // `packageDeviceParameters`. A no-op for every device that did not come from a `devices:`
+    // declaration, which today is all of them.
+    const fromRegistry = packageDeviceParameters(device, registry);
+    if (Object.keys(fromRegistry).length > 0) {
+        device = {
+            ...device,
+            parameters: { ...fromRegistry, ...device.parameters },
+        };
+    }
+    switch (device.kind) {
+        case "resistor": {
+            // `parametersFor` already refuses a resistor that declares no resistance at all
+            // (`netlist.ts`'s `component ... resistor has no Resistance`), so reaching here with
+            // `ohms === 0` means the source stated exactly zero, not that it stated nothing.
+            //
+            // `mxr-noise-gate-line-driver`'s `R_U1B_FB` is `Resistance: { raw: "0 Ohm", value: 0,
+            // unit: "Ω" }`, described in the same document as "Direct feedback wire from U1B
+            // output to negative input represented as a zero-ohm link" -- a schematic-capture
+            // convention for an ideal wire, not a missing or invalid value. `1 / 0` is not
+            // representable as a conductance, so this reuses `SWITCH_ON_OHMS`, the same
+            // electrically-indistinguishable-from-ideal short this file already stamps for a
+            // closed switch, rather than refusing a resistance the source did in fact state.
+            const ohms = device.parameters.ohms ?? 0;
+            if (ohms === 0) {
+                return {
+                    outcome: "law",
+                    device: device.id,
+                    law: { kind: "conductance", siemens: 1 / SWITCH_ON_OHMS },
+                };
+            }
+            if (!(ohms > 0)) {
+                return unsupported(device, "resistor has a non-positive resistance");
+            }
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: { kind: "conductance", siemens: 1 / ohms },
+            };
+        }
+        case "potentiometer": {
+            const ohms = device.parameters.ohms ?? 0;
+            if (!(ohms > 0)) {
+                return unsupported(device, "potentiometer has a non-positive resistance");
+            }
+            if (device.control === null) {
+                return unsupported(device, "potentiometer is bound to no control");
+            }
+            // Declared-only end resistance, and it has to fit inside the track twice: both
+            // legs carry one, and a residual at or above half the track would leave the
+            // wiper no travel at all (or invert it). Refused rather than clamped, because a
+            // residual that large is a source error, not a value to quietly reinterpret.
+            const declaredResidual = device.parameters.minOhms ?? 0;
+            const residualOhms = declaredResidual > 0 && declaredResidual < ohms / 2
+                ? declaredResidual
+                : 0;
+            // The wiper element this device represents is decided at stamp time from
+            // terminal order; the law carries the whole track plus its taper.
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "controlled-conductance",
+                    control: device.control,
+                    // Falls back to "linear" only for a control id `netlist.controls` never
+                    // carried -- unreachable for a real compiled netlist, since every device
+                    // bound to a control puts that id there (`netlist.ts`'s `controlIds`).
+                    taper: taperByControl.get(device.control) ?? "linear",
+                    totalOhms: ohms,
+                    side: "upper",
+                    residualOhms,
+                },
+            };
+        }
+        case "rheostat": {
+            const maxOhms = device.parameters.maxOhms ?? 0;
+            if (!(maxOhms > 0)) {
+                return unsupported(device, "rheostat has a non-positive resistance");
+            }
+            if (device.control === null) {
+                return unsupported(device, "rheostat is bound to no control");
+            }
+            // A residual minimum is normal -- a pot used as a rheostat rarely reaches
+            // zero -- but it must be below the track, or the sweep runs backwards.
+            const declaredMin = device.parameters.minOhms ?? 0;
+            const minOhms = declaredMin > 0 && declaredMin < maxOhms ? declaredMin : 0;
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "controlled-resistance",
+                    control: device.control,
+                    // Same fallback note as the pot law above: unreachable in practice, since
+                    // `netlist.controls` always carries an entry for a bound control's id.
+                    taper: taperByControl.get(device.control) ?? "linear",
+                    minOhms,
+                    maxOhms,
+                },
+            };
+        }
+        case "capacitor": {
+            const farads = device.parameters.farads ?? 0;
+            if (!(farads > 0)) {
+                return unsupported(device, "capacitor has a non-positive capacitance");
+            }
+            // Declared-only DC leakage; 0 means ideal, and ideal is the diagnostic default.
+            // `InsulationResistance` is already a resistance. The electrolytic form is the
+            // datasheet's leakage current at rated voltage read as V/I -- a linear stand-in
+            // for a current that in the physical part grows sub-linearly below the rating,
+            // so at a working voltage under the rating this slightly overstates the leak.
+            const insulationOhms = device.parameters.insulationOhms ?? 0;
+            const leakageAmps = device.parameters.leakageAmps ?? 0;
+            const ratedVolts = device.parameters.ratedVolts ?? 0;
+            const leakageSiemens = insulationOhms > 0
+                ? 1 / insulationOhms
+                : leakageAmps > 0 && ratedVolts > 0
+                    ? leakageAmps / ratedVolts
+                    : 0;
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: { kind: "capacitance", farads, leakageSiemens },
+            };
+        }
+        case "inductor": {
+            // A ferrite bead spec'd by impedance-vs-frequency (e.g. "100 Ω @ 100 MHz")
+            // carries no inductance in the source. At audio frequencies it is a small
+            // inductor well below self-resonance; 10 µH matches the corpus' only
+            // decoded bead (Boss DD-3a DSS306 "103" = 10 µH).
+            const henries = device.parameters.henries ?? FERRITE_BEAD_DEFAULT_HENRIES;
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "inductance",
+                    henries,
+                    ...windingResistance(device),
+                },
+            };
+        }
+        case "diode": {
+            // **A catalogued tube rectifier is not a semiconductor.** Eight of the corpus's eleven
+            // tube rectifiers are declared `kind: diode` while naming a tube part, and a vacuum
+            // rectifier drops tens of volts where silicon drops less than one -- which sets the
+            // amp's whole B+. Resolved by **exact whole part id** against the catalog, which is
+            // admissible evidence; this is not the string inference the comment below rules out.
+            // That one is about reading a *parameter* out of a part number's shape (`1N4733` versus
+            // `1N4148`); this is a closed list of ids compared whole.
+            const tubeRectifier = registryLawFor(registry, device.identity.partNumber, "tube-diode");
+            if (tubeRectifier !== null) {
+                return { outcome: "law", device: device.id, law: tubeRectifier };
+            }
+            const catalogued = registryLawFor(registry, device.identity.partNumber, "diode");
+            if (catalogued !== null) {
+                // Declared parameters win over the catalog, every one of them: the entries
+                // exist to fill absence, not to overrule a packet that states the value.
+                // A zener entry's forward parameters are avowed class defaults, so a source
+                // that types its own saturation current or series resistance keeps it, and
+                // a device the source declares as an LED stays one (`boss-ph-1r` declares
+                // 11 V where the registry's RD11EB3 row says 10.99, and keeps that too).
+                if (catalogued.kind === "diode") {
+                    const declared = device.parameters;
+                    if (declared.breakdownVolts !== undefined ||
+                        declared.saturationCurrent !== undefined ||
+                        declared.seriesResistance !== undefined ||
+                        device.isLed === true) {
+                        return {
+                            outcome: "law",
+                            device: device.id,
+                            law: {
+                                ...catalogued,
+                                breakdownVolts: declared.breakdownVolts ?? catalogued.breakdownVolts,
+                                saturationCurrent: declared.saturationCurrent ?? catalogued.saturationCurrent,
+                                seriesResistance: declared.seriesResistance ?? catalogued.seriesResistance,
+                                isLed: device.isLed === true ? true : catalogued.isLed,
+                            },
+                        };
+                    }
+                }
+                return { outcome: "law", device: device.id, law: catalogued };
+            }
+            const isLed = device.isLed === true;
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "diode",
+                    // If it is an LED, use physical LED defaults (higher forward knee ~1.8V to 2.2V),
+                    // otherwise use class defaults (1N4148-ish silicon signal diode).
+                    saturationCurrent: device.parameters.saturationCurrent ?? (isLed ? 1e-12 : 2.52e-9),
+                    emissionCoefficient: 1.752,
+                    thermalVoltage: device.parameters.thermalVoltage ?? (isLed ? 0.05 : THERMAL_VOLTAGE),
+                    // 0 for an ordinary diode. Read from the source, never inferred from a part
+                    // number: `1N4733` is a 5.1 V zener and `1N4148` is not, and telling them apart
+                    // from the string is the prose matching the engineering principles forbid.
+                    breakdownVolts: device.parameters.breakdownVolts ?? 0,
+                    seriesResistance: device.parameters.seriesResistance ?? (isLed ? 2.0 : 1.0),
+                    isLed,
+                },
+            };
+        }
+        case "triode":
+            if (device.nodes.length !== 3) {
+                return unsupported(device, `triode has ${device.nodes.length} terminals, not three`);
+            }
+            // The registry refines the class default, exactly as `GENERIC_TRIODE`'s own note
+            // says it should. Exact part number only -- see `registryLawFor`.
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: registryLawFor(registry, device.identity.partNumber, "triode") ?? {
+                    kind: "triode",
+                    ...GENERIC_TRIODE,
+                },
+            };
+        case "pentode":
+            // Four signal electrodes minimum. 8 of the corpus's 56 add a suppressor and 4 add
+            // a heater as well; both are read and ignored by the lowering, because a
+            // suppressor is tied to the cathode in practice and a heater carries no signal.
+            if (device.nodes.length < 4) {
+                return unsupported(device, `pentode has ${device.nodes.length} terminals, fewer than the four electrodes its law needs`);
+            }
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: registryLawFor(registry, device.identity.partNumber, "pentode") ?? {
+                    kind: "pentode",
+                    ...GENERIC_PENTODE,
+                },
+            };
+        case "tube-diode":
+            // Two electrodes minimum. The corpus's three are all five-terminal duals -- two
+            // plates, a shared cathode and two heaters -- and how many elements that becomes is
+            // the lowering's question, not this one.
+            if (device.nodes.length < 2) {
+                return unsupported(device, `tube diode has ${device.nodes.length} terminals, fewer than a plate and a cathode`);
+            }
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: registryLawFor(registry, device.identity.partNumber, "tube-diode") ?? {
+                    kind: "tube-diode",
+                    ...GENERIC_TUBE_DIODE,
+                },
+            };
+        case "opamp": {
+            const declaredDrop = registryOpampSwingDrop(registry, device.identity.partNumber);
+            const declaredRails = railsAfterSwingDrop(opampRails(device, rails, nodeToVoltage), declaredDrop);
+            const railHigh = declaredRails.high;
+            const railLow = declaredRails.low;
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "ideal-opamp",
+                    railHigh,
+                    railLow,
+                    openLoopGain: device.parameters.openLoopGain ?? DEFAULT_OPEN_LOOP_GAIN,
+                    ...(declaredDrop === null ? {} : { outputSwingDropVolts: declaredDrop }),
+                },
+            };
+        }
+        case "jack":
+            return portEngage(device, supply);
+        case "ground":
+            // Interface and reference symbols carry no element of their own.
+            return { outcome: "law", device: device.id, law: { kind: "open" } };
+        case "rail": {
+            // A rail is not an interface symbol. It **asserts a potential** at its node,
+            // and 84 of the corpus's 90 declare that voltage. Treating it as `open`
+            // deleted the supply: `ibanez-ts808` states its whole 9 V supply as one rail,
+            // so every node sat at 0 V, no bias network biased anything, and the pedal
+            // rendered leakage. A rail that declares no voltage is a named support shell
+            // with nothing to assert, and stays open.
+            const volts = device.parameters.volts;
+            if (volts === undefined || !Number.isFinite(volts)) {
+                return { outcome: "law", device: device.id, law: { kind: "open" } };
+            }
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: { kind: "voltage-source", volts, sourceOhms: SUPPLY_SOURCE_OHMS },
+            };
+        }
+        case "switch": {
+            // A few amp packets encode the tremolo optocoupler shell as a three-terminal
+            // `kind: switch` (`lampdrive`, `ldrsignal`, `ldrreturn`). Treat that exact
+            // typed role set as the operator it is, not as a routed selector.
+            if (hasExactRoleSet(device, ["lampdrive", "ldrsignal", "ldrreturn"])) {
+                return {
+                    outcome: "law",
+                    device: device.id,
+                    law: {
+                        kind: "optocoupler",
+                        ledThresholdVolts: device.parameters.ledThresholdVolts ?? 1.6,
+                        ledTransconductance: device.parameters.ledTransconductance ?? 1e-3,
+                        ldrMinOhms: device.parameters.ldrMinOhms ?? 100,
+                        ldrMaxOhms: device.parameters.ldrMaxOhms ?? 1e7,
+                        ldrPowerLawCoefficientOhms: device.parameters.ldrPowerLawCoefficientOhms,
+                        ldrPowerLawExponent: device.parameters.ldrPowerLawExponent,
+                    },
+                };
+            }
+            if (device.control === null) {
+                const position = device.parameters.position ?? 1;
+                if (device.nodes.length > 2) {
+                    return {
+                        outcome: "law",
+                        device: device.id,
+                        law: {
+                            kind: "fixed-selector",
+                            position,
+                            onOhms: SWITCH_ON_OHMS,
+                            offOhms: SWITCH_OFF_OHMS,
+                        },
+                    };
+                }
+                const isClosed = position >= 0.5;
+                return {
+                    outcome: "law",
+                    device: device.id,
+                    law: {
+                        kind: "conductance",
+                        siemens: isClosed ? 1 / SWITCH_ON_OHMS : 1 / SWITCH_OFF_OHMS,
+                    },
+                };
+            }
+            // Two terminals make or break; three or more route. 84 of the corpus's 118
+            // wired switches have three or more, and stamping only the first two threw
+            // every other throw away -- a selector silently reduced to a two-terminal
+            // short, which is how a bypass switch ends up rendering the wrong path.
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: device.nodes.length > 2 ? "selector" : "switch",
+                    control: device.control,
+                    onOhms: SWITCH_ON_OHMS,
+                    offOhms: SWITCH_OFF_OHMS,
+                },
+            };
+        }
+        case "voltage-source": {
+            const volts = device.parameters.volts ?? 0;
+            // **A frequency is what makes this an AC source**, and the discriminator is the
+            // presence of the parameter rather than anything in the packet's prose. Stage 1
+            // writes `frequency` only when the component declares a typed `Frequency`, and a
+            // battery cannot declare one, so a mains inlet and a 9 V cell are distinguishable by
+            // schema shape alone. Before this, 21 of the two corpora's 122 supplies were AC by
+            // their own text and every one of them compiled into a DC battery -- silently, which
+            // is the failure class this pipeline refuses hardest.
+            //
+            // A declared **0 Hz is DC**, which is a physical reading rather than a guard: a
+            // zero-frequency sine is a constant, and `amplitude * sin(0)` would hold the rail at
+            // 0 V forever -- a wrong answer that renders. A negative or non-finite frequency is
+            // not a waveform and falls through the same way.
+            const frequency = device.parameters.frequency;
+            if (frequency !== undefined &&
+                Number.isFinite(frequency) &&
+                frequency > 0) {
+                // **Decided 2026-08-14: a typed AC-source magnitude means RMS.** This is a
+                // convention this project declares, not a prose read -- the law never inspects
+                // `raw`. A supply states `{raw: "120 VAC RMS assumed nominal", value: 120, unit:
+                // "V"}`: the typed part is a bare magnitude, the word "RMS" lives only in `raw`,
+                // and no stage may read it. Mains is quoted RMS by universal convention, and
+                // every amp packet's prose agrees, so treating the typed magnitude as RMS is the
+                // reading consistent with what these packets actually mean -- unlike the
+                // previous reading (typed magnitude taken directly as peak), which put every
+                // B+ figure from a mains inlet about 41% (`sqrt(2)`) high.
+                //
+                // So this law is where the declared RMS magnitude is converted to the peak
+                // amplitude `AcSourceLaw.amplitudeVolts` states and the sine evaluation (here and
+                // in the runtime) needs: `amplitudeVolts = volts * sqrt(2)`. Both consumers of
+                // this field -- the runtime's `sin()` evaluation and the ngspice deck's `SIN`
+                // amplitude parameter, which is itself peak -- read `amplitudeVolts` as peak, so
+                // converting once here keeps them in agreement by construction rather than by
+                // each independently reproducing the same `sqrt(2)`.
+                //
+                // **Escape hatch, unused today:** this conversion is unconditional because the
+                // schema has no typed field distinguishing an RMS-declared supply from a
+                // peak-declared one -- every AC `voltage-source` in both corpora is read as RMS.
+                // If a packet is ever authored to mean peak, the source must say so through a new
+                // typed field (there is none yet, so nothing exercises this branch); this law is
+                // where that field would be read and the conversion skipped.
+                return {
+                    outcome: "law",
+                    device: device.id,
+                    law: {
+                        kind: "ac-source",
+                        amplitudeVolts: volts * AC_SOURCE_RMS_TO_PEAK,
+                        frequencyHz: frequency,
+                        sourceOhms: SUPPLY_SOURCE_OHMS,
+                    },
+                };
+            }
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: { kind: "voltage-source", volts, sourceOhms: SUPPLY_SOURCE_OHMS },
+            };
+        }
+        case "bjt":
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "bjt",
+                    polarity: device.parameters.pnp === 1 ? "pnp" : "npn",
+                    saturationCurrent: device.parameters.saturationCurrent ?? SILICON_SATURATION_CURRENT,
+                    forwardBeta: device.parameters.beta ?? SILICON_FORWARD_BETA,
+                    reverseBeta: device.parameters.reverseBeta ?? 1,
+                    thermalVoltage: THERMAL_VOLTAGE,
+                    // Absent for every silicon part in the corpus, and for the one germanium
+                    // packet whose `LeakageCurrent` is a sentence rather than a value.
+                    leakageAmps: device.parameters.leakageAmps ?? 0,
+                },
+            };
+        case "jfet":
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "fet",
+                    channel: device.parameters.pChannel === 1 ? "p" : "n",
+                    // A JFET is depletion mode: it conducts at zero gate bias and pinches
+                    // off as the gate goes negative, so the threshold is negative.
+                    thresholdVolts: device.parameters.thresholdVolts ?? JFET_DEFAULT_THRESHOLD_VOLTS,
+                    transconductance: device.parameters.transconductance ?? JFET_DEFAULT_TRANSCONDUCTANCE,
+                    channelLengthModulation: 0,
+                    // Subthreshold conduction (see the `fet` law docs in types.ts): the
+                    // gradual region a knee-biased JFET actually sweeps in. MOSFETs
+                    // keep 0 below.
+                    subthresholdVolts: 0.07,
+                    // A JFET gate is a silicon PN junction, so it conducts once forward-biased.
+                    // Saturation current and scale are **reused from the triode grid**, which
+                    // `compact-mna-dynamic-triode-cell` reports 0 Newton failures with; the onset
+                    // is moved from a tube grid's 0.05 V to a silicon junction's 0.5 V. These are
+                    // not measured against any specific JFET and a registry entry should refine
+                    // them -- the same caveat the triode's grid defaults carry.
+                    gateSaturationCurrent: 1.0e-5,
+                    gateOnsetVolts: 0.5,
+                    gateScaleVolts: 0.06,
+                },
+            };
+        case "mosfet":
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "fet",
+                    channel: device.parameters.pChannel === 1 ? "p" : "n",
+                    thresholdVolts: device.parameters.thresholdVolts ?? 2,
+                    transconductance: device.parameters.transconductance ?? 1e-3,
+                    channelLengthModulation: 0,
+                    // Insulated gate: no subthreshold region is modelled, behavior unchanged.
+                    subthresholdVolts: 0,
+                    // An insulated gate draws no current at any bias. Zero, deliberately: this
+                    // is what the law did for every FET before the JFET junction was added.
+                    gateSaturationCurrent: 0,
+                    gateOnsetVolts: 0,
+                    gateScaleVolts: 1,
+                },
+            };
+        case "ota":
+            return otaDeviceClassLaw(device);
+        case "inverter":
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "inverter",
+                    transconductance: device.parameters.transconductance ?? 5e-3,
+                    biasVolts: device.parameters.biasVolts ?? 4.5,
+                    thresholdVolts: device.parameters.thresholdVolts ?? 2.0,
+                },
+            };
+        case "nand-gate":
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "nand-gate",
+                    thresholdVolts: device.parameters.thresholdVolts ?? 2.0,
+                    transconductance: device.parameters.transconductance ?? 1e-3,
+                },
+            };
+        case "clock-driver":
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "clock-driver",
+                    defaultFrequency: device.parameters.defaultFrequency,
+                },
+            };
+        case "optocoupler":
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "optocoupler",
+                    ledThresholdVolts: device.parameters.ledThresholdVolts ?? 1.6,
+                    ledTransconductance: device.parameters.ledTransconductance ?? 1e-3,
+                    ldrMinOhms: device.parameters.ldrMinOhms ?? 100,
+                    ldrMaxOhms: device.parameters.ldrMaxOhms ?? 1e7,
+                    ldrPowerLawCoefficientOhms: device.parameters.ldrPowerLawCoefficientOhms,
+                    ldrPowerLawExponent: device.parameters.ldrPowerLawExponent,
+                },
+            };
+        case "transformer": {
+            // A spring reverb tank arrives here because that is what its shell declares -- a
+            // two-terminal-pair `Circuit.Transformer` with `InputImpedance`/`OutputImpedance`.
+            // The interface is right and the behaviour is not: an ideal transformer is
+            // memoryless, so a tank admitted as one is a wire with a turns ratio. An exact part
+            // number is the evidence that separates the two, and it is the only evidence used
+            // here -- never the shell's authored `SourceBoundaryRole` prose.
+            const tankPartNumber = device.identity.partNumber;
+            const tank = tankPartNumber === null
+                ? undefined
+                : springReverbTanks[foldPartId(tankPartNumber)];
+            if (tank !== undefined) {
+                return {
+                    outcome: "law",
+                    device: device.id,
+                    law: {
+                        kind: "spring-reverb",
+                        // Source first: the packet's own declared pair wins over the part
+                        // code's published figures, which are the fallback for a tank whose
+                        // shell states no impedances.
+                        inputOhms: device.parameters.primaryImpedanceOhms ?? tank.inputOhms,
+                        outputOhms: device.parameters.secondaryImpedanceOhms ?? tank.outputOhms,
+                        delaySeconds: tank.delaySeconds,
+                        decaySeconds: tank.decaySeconds,
+                        // Cost/character tradeoff, not a measured device fact: enough allpass
+                        // sections to disperse audibly, few enough to stay inside the sample
+                        // budget. Stated plainly so it is not read as a datasheet number.
+                        dispersionStages: 16,
+                    },
+                };
+            }
+            // The source states a winding voltage in RMS, by the same project convention the
+            // `ac-source` branch above records, and the conversion to peak happens here for the
+            // same reason it happens there: one place, so the runtime's sine and the ngspice
+            // deck's `SIN` amplitude agree by construction.
+            // One entry per declared coil, in declaration order, so a transformer with two coils
+            // of the same role keeps two voltages. A class-keyed record kept one.
+            const windingAmplitudeVolts = (device.identity.declaredWindings ?? []).map((winding) => winding.voltageRmsVolts === null
+                ? null
+                : winding.voltageRmsVolts * AC_SOURCE_RMS_TO_PEAK);
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "transformer",
+                    turnsRatio: device.parameters.ratio ?? 1,
+                    windingAmplitudeVolts,
+                    mainsFrequencyHz,
+                    windingSourceOhms: SUPPLY_SOURCE_OHMS,
+                    ...windingResistance(device),
+                },
+            };
+        }
+        case "logic-divider":
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "logic-divider",
+                    thresholdVolts: device.parameters.thresholdVolts ?? 2.0,
+                    highVolts: device.parameters.highVolts ?? 5.0,
+                },
+            };
+        case "analog-switch":
+            return {
+                outcome: "law",
+                device: device.id,
+                law: {
+                    kind: "analog-switch",
+                    onOhms: device.parameters.onOhms ?? 100.0,
+                    offOhms: device.parameters.offOhms ?? 1e9,
+                    thresholdVolts: device.parameters.thresholdVolts ?? 2.5,
+                },
+            };
+        default:
+            return unsupported(device, `device kind "${device.kind}" has no law`);
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Source-boundary/support wrappers expressed as `ic` for topology continuity, not execution.
+ *
+ * These rows carry no executable device law and are deliberately represented as open circuits so
+ * explicit package/boundary shells do not block execution for separately-declared active sections.
+ */
+/**
+ * Spring reverb tanks, by exact part number.
+ *
+ * **Closed, and deliberately not extrapolated.** Accutronics/Belton codes are decodable --
+ * `4AB3C1B` is input `A` (8 Ohm), output `B` (2250 Ohm), decay `3` (long, 2.75-4.0 s) -- but
+ * decoding an arbitrary code would admit tanks nobody has checked, and a tank this table does
+ * not know stays a `transformer` exactly as it is today rather than getting guessed parameters.
+ * Add a row when a packet declares a tank, the same standing every `part-catalog.ts` entry has.
+ *
+ * The impedances here are the published figures for the code and are used only when the packet
+ * declares none of its own; the four corpus packets all declare `8 Ohm`/`2250 Ohm` themselves,
+ * which agrees with the code and is what actually gets used.
+ */
+const springReverbTanks = {
+    // Accutronics type 4, the 16.75" long pan Fender used across the blackface reverb amps.
+    // `delaySeconds` is the shortest of its three springs' published transit times (29/34/41 ms);
+    // the runtime spreads the other two from it. `decaySeconds` is the midpoint of decay code
+    // `3`'s stated 2.75-4.0 s band -- a band, so the midpoint is a choice, and it is named here
+    // rather than hidden as a magic number.
+    [foldPartId("4AB3C1B")]: {
+        inputOhms: 8,
+        outputOhms: 2250,
+        delaySeconds: 0.029,
+        decaySeconds: 3.375,
+    },
+};
+/**
+ * Device classes a source can *state* but this pipeline has no law for.
+ *
+ * **The problem this solves.** `.vdsp` carries a typed `kind` from a closed vocabulary, and that
+ * vocabulary has no entry for every real device. A transcriber facing one picks the nearest kind
+ * available and records the truth in the equally typed `sourceTypeName` --
+ * `electro-harmonix-slapback-echo`'s `Q1_UJT` is `kind: bjt` with
+ * `sourceTypeName: Circuit.UnijunctionTransistor` and `PartNumber: 2N4871`. Stamping it as a BJT
+ * then models a device the source never claimed: a UJT is a negative-resistance relaxation
+ * element, its `base1`/`base2` are the ends of one resistive bar rather than a collector and an
+ * emitter, and no bias point makes a BJT behave like one. That packet's own `Role` for it is
+ * `delay clock oscillator`, which is precisely the behaviour a BJT model cannot produce.
+ *
+ * **Typed evidence, compared whole.** `declaredType` is the source's own closed type vocabulary,
+ * so this is a whole-value comparison against it -- not a reading of `Description`, `Role` or the
+ * component name.
+ *
+ * **One entry, deliberately.** It is the only kind/type mismatch in the corpus that names a law
+ * this pipeline lacks. Measured 2026-09-02 over all 142 packets: the other primitive-kind
+ * mismatches are `circuit.led` on a `diode` (an LED *is* a diode and the law carries `isLed`) and
+ * `circuit.tube` on a `diode` (the tube-rectifier-as-silicon case `diodeJunctions` already
+ * documents and deliberately leaves unfiled). Every remaining mismatch sits on `kind: ic`, where
+ * naming any class is exactly what that kind is for. Adding a class here on speculation would be
+ * vocabulary against unexercised data.
+ */
+const unimplementedDeviceLaws = new Set([
+    "circuit.unijunctiontransistor",
+]);
+/** An `ic`/`power-amp` given no element, tagged with the branch that decided it. */
+/**
+ * A component's declared program as a resolution, or null where it declares none.
+ *
+ * **Why an unreadable declaration refuses rather than opens.** An `ic` with no model is opened and
+ * the packet renders silence, which CLAUDE.md records as the gap that cost a session: the engine
+ * cannot tell an unimplemented DSP pedal from an analog pedal with a severed net. A component that
+ * *declares* its program is not that case. The source has stated what the chip does, so failing to
+ * execute it is this pipeline's gap rather than the document's, and the console/ROM invariant
+ * applies in full -- named, never silent.
+ *
+ * Blast radius today is zero: no corpus packet declares a program, so no packet that compiles can
+ * change. That is the bound the design set for this step, and it is checked by the corpus ratchet
+ * rather than asserted here.
+ */
+function resolveDeclaredProgram(device, netlist) {
+    const program = device.program;
+    if (program === undefined)
+        return null;
+    const check = checkDeclaredProgram(program);
+    if (!check.ok) {
+        return {
+            outcome: "unsupported",
+            device: device.id,
+            reason: `component declares a program this pipeline cannot execute: ${check.reason}`,
+        };
+    }
+    // A swept gain reads its knob directly, like a scanned router, so the knob it names has to be
+    // on the panel. Otherwise the gain would read a control that does not exist and sit at 0.5.
+    for (const position of check.positions) {
+        for (const op of position.ops) {
+            if (op.op !== "mix")
+                continue;
+            for (const term of op.terms) {
+                if (term.sweep !== undefined && !controlExists(term.sweep.controlId, netlist)) {
+                    return {
+                        outcome: "unsupported",
+                        device: device.id,
+                        reason: `component's program "${position.id}" sweeps a gain with control "${term.sweep.controlId}", which this document does not declare`,
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // The audio boundary, read from the typed roles core 0.8.1 made legal on an opaque chip.
+    // Reading the terminals' authored *names* instead is what the Typed Source Evidence rule
+    // forbids, and it is why this fact had to ship upstream before this branch could exist.
+    const roles = device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles;
+    const audioIn = roles.indexOf("input");
+    const audioOut = roles.indexOf("output");
+    if (audioIn < 0 || audioOut < 0) {
+        const missing = [
+            audioIn < 0 ? "input" : null,
+            audioOut < 0 ? "output" : null,
+        ].filter((label) => label !== null);
+        return {
+            outcome: "unsupported",
+            device: device.id,
+            reason: `component declares a program but no terminal declares role ${missing.join(" or ")}, so its audio boundary is unknown; a program says what the chip computes, never which pins carry the signal`,
+        };
+    }
+    // A cited control on a line's `delaySeconds` is a claim that a knob moves that length, and a
+    // claim nothing wires is a dead knob. Two routes, by how the source says the chip reads it:
+    //
+    // - **scanned / tapped**: per line, below, since a DELAY position and a TEMPO position read
+    //   different controls. The knob has to be on the panel; core checked the reader is on the
+    //   board.
+    // - **node**: a solved wiper voltage through the block's one `parameter` port, and so at most
+    //   one control across the whole block, as before.
+    for (const position of program.positions) {
+        for (const parameters of Object.values(position.lines)) {
+            for (const parameter of Object.values(parameters)) {
+                if (parameter.read === "node" || parameter.source === undefined)
+                    continue;
+                if (parameter.control === undefined || !controlExists(parameter.control, netlist)) {
+                    return {
+                        outcome: "unsupported",
+                        device: device.id,
+                        reason: `component's program "${position.id}" cites ${parameter.read} control "${parameter.control ?? "(none)"}", which this document does not declare`,
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let declaredParameter = null;
+    const timeControl = citedNodeControl(program);
+    if (timeControl !== null) {
+        const node = selectorNodeFor(timeControl, netlist);
+        const supply = highestPositiveRailVolts(netlist);
+        if (typeof node === "number" && supply !== null) {
+            declaredParameter = { controlId: timeControl, node, referenceVolts: supply };
+        }
+    }
+    // The router. Only needed where there is a choice to make: one program runs whatever any
+    // control is doing.
+    let declaredRouter = null;
+    const router = program.router;
+    if (router !== null) {
+        if (router.positions < check.positions.length) {
+            return {
+                outcome: "unsupported",
+                device: device.id,
+                reason: `component declares ${check.positions.length} programs but its router says control "${router.control}" has only ${router.positions} positions`,
+            };
+        }
+        // **A scanned control has no node, by declaration.** The chip that reads it sits behind
+        // a path the source cannot state, so there is nothing to resolve and nothing to refuse;
+        // the runtime takes the control's position directly. Core has already checked that the
+        // reader named exists in the document, which is what keeps this from being a way to
+        // make any dangling control appear to work.
+        let node = null;
+        let supply = null;
+        if (router.read === "node") {
+            const resolved = selectorNodeFor(router.control, netlist);
+            if (typeof resolved === "string") {
+                return { outcome: "unsupported", device: device.id, reason: resolved };
+            }
+            node = resolved;
+            supply = highestPositiveRailVolts(netlist);
+            if (supply === null) {
+                return {
+                    outcome: "unsupported",
+                    device: device.id,
+                    reason: `component declares a router on control "${router.control}" but the document declares no positive supply rail, so the control's node has no full scale to be read against`,
+                };
+            }
+        }
+        else if (!controlExists(router.control, netlist)) {
+            // A scanned router still has to name a control this document declares. Otherwise the
+            // knob it claims to read is not on the panel at all.
+            return {
+                outcome: "unsupported",
+                device: device.id,
+                reason: `component declares a scanned router on control "${router.control}", which this document does not declare`,
+            };
+        }
+        // Dense, one entry per detent: a lookup per sample must be an index, not a search.
+        // -1 is "the source declares no program here", which is a statement rather than a gap.
+        const byId = new Map(check.positions.map((position, index) => [position.id, index]));
+        const routes = new Array(router.positions).fill(-1);
+        for (const route of router.routes) {
+            const index = byId.get(route.program);
+            if (index === undefined) {
+                return {
+                    outcome: "unsupported",
+                    device: device.id,
+                    reason: `router sends position ${route.position} to program "${route.program}", which this component does not declare`,
+                };
+            }
+            routes[route.position] = index;
+        }
+        declaredRouter = {
+            controlId: router.control,
+            node,
+            referenceVolts: supply,
+            positions: router.positions,
+            routes,
+        };
+    }
+    else if (check.positions.length > 1) {
+        return {
+            outcome: "unsupported",
+            device: device.id,
+            reason: `component declares ${check.positions.length} programs and no router saying which control chooses between them`,
+        };
+    }
+    return {
+        outcome: "macro",
+        device: device.id,
+        macro: {
+            // The part's own id, so a composition carries what chip it came from rather
+            // than a synthetic name. A declared program is not a registry model and must
+            // not borrow one's identity.
+            modelId: device.identity.partNumber?.trim() || `${device.id}-program`,
+            parameters: {},
+            portTerminals: [audioIn, audioOut],
+            audioPortImpedanceOhms: DECLARED_PROGRAM_PORT_OHMS,
+            parameterTerminal: null,
+            parameterReferenceVolts: null,
+            declaredParameter,
+            declaredPositions: check.positions.map((position) => ({
+                id: position.id,
+                ops: position.ops,
+                out: publishedTemp(position.ops),
+                lines: Object.fromEntries(position.lines.map((lineId) => [
+                    lineId,
+                    (() => {
+                        const sweep = declaredLineSweep(program, position.id, lineId);
+                        return {
+                            delaySeconds: declaredLineSeconds(program, position.id, lineId),
+                            minSeconds: declaredLineFloorSeconds(program, position.id, lineId),
+                            ...(sweep === undefined ? {} : { sweep }),
+                        };
+                    })(),
+                ])),
+            })),
+            declaredRouter,
+        },
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * Audio port impedances for a declared composition.
+ *
+ * A registry macro states its part's real input and output impedances. A declaration
+ * does not, and inventing per-part numbers from nothing would be exactly the guess this
+ * programme exists to remove -- so these are the neutral pair: a high input that loads
+ * the stage before it as little as a chip's input pin does, and a low output that drives
+ * the stage after it. Stated here once rather than spread as literals.
+ */
+const DECLARED_PROGRAM_PORT_OHMS = { input: 1e6, output: 1e3 };
+/**
+ * Which temporary a declared position publishes.
+ *
+ * **The last value the graph produces**, which is the last op carrying an `out`. Not simply
+ * the last op: `delay-push` writes into a line and produces nothing, and a delay graph
+ * almost always ends with one, so taking the final index would publish a temporary that
+ * was never written and render silence on a program that is correct.
+ *
+ * The format does not state this and does not need to. A composition is evaluated top to
+ * bottom and a source may only read an earlier op, so "the last value produced" is
+ * unambiguous from the op list alone.
+ */
+function publishedTemp(ops) {
+    for (let index = ops.length - 1; index >= 0; index -= 1) {
+        const op = ops[index];
+        if (op !== undefined && "out" in op)
+            return op.out;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+/**
+ * The cited delay for one line of one position, or zero where the declaration cites none.
+ *
+ * **An uncited parameter is not set**, which is the declaration format's own rule: a
+ * number with no `source` is not evidenced and the block makes no claim on that axis.
+ * Zero here means the line has no length, which a delay op then reads as no delay -- the
+ * honest reading of "the document does not say".
+ */
+function declaredLineSeconds(program, positionId, lineId) {
+    const position = program.positions.find((entry) => entry.id === positionId);
+    const cited = position?.lines[lineId]?.delaySeconds;
+    if (cited === undefined || cited.source === undefined)
+        return 0;
+    // The maximum of the cited range: the line is sized for the longest delay the mode can
+    // be asked for, exactly as a clocked macro sizes for the longest its knob can reach.
+    return Number.isFinite(cited.max) && cited.max > 0 ? cited.max : 0;
+}
+/**
+ * The minimum of a line's cited range, or 0 where the source cites none.
+ *
+ * The floor a control sweeps up from; the line itself is sized from the maximum. A range the
+ * source does not cite stays unset, as for the maximum, and so does a minimum that is not below
+ * the maximum -- a floor that reaches the top would silently pin the knob.
+ */
+function declaredLineFloorSeconds(program, positionId, lineId) {
+    const position = program.positions.find((entry) => entry.id === positionId);
+    const cited = position?.lines[lineId]?.delaySeconds;
+    if (cited === undefined || cited.source === undefined)
+        return 0;
+    return Number.isFinite(cited.min) && cited.min > 0 && cited.min < cited.max ? cited.min : 0;
+}
+/**
+ * The one control a declaration's **node-read** parameters name, or null.
+ *
+ * **One, deliberately.** A composed block has a single `parameter` port, so node-read citations
+ * of two different controls have no faithful lowering, and taking the first would silently drop
+ * the second knob. Null in that case, which leaves those lengths at their stated maximum. Scanned
+ * and tapped citations do not come through here: each line carries its own (`ComposedLineSweep`).
+ */
+function citedNodeControl(program) {
+    const named = new Set();
+    for (const position of program.positions) {
+        for (const parameters of Object.values(position.lines)) {
+            for (const parameter of Object.values(parameters)) {
+                if (parameter.read === "node" &&
+                    parameter.control !== undefined &&
+                    parameter.source !== undefined) {
+                    named.add(parameter.control);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return named.size === 1 ? ([...named][0] ?? null) : null;
+}
+/**
+ * The per-line sweep a line's cited `delaySeconds` declares, or undefined for a fixed or
+ * node-read length.
+ */
+function declaredLineSweep(program, positionId, lineId) {
+    const position = program.positions.find((entry) => entry.id === positionId);
+    const cited = position?.lines[lineId]?.delaySeconds;
+    if (cited === undefined ||
+        cited.source === undefined ||
+        cited.control === undefined ||
+        cited.read === "node") {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    return { controlId: cited.control, read: cited.read, ratio: cited.ratio ?? 1 };
+}
+/**
+ * The node whose voltage carries a control's position, or why none does.
+ *
+ * **This is the pot's wiper, and it is deliberately not a pin of the declaring chip.** The
+ * knob does not reach the DSP; on a DD-5 it reaches the CPU's analog input, and the CPU tells
+ * the DSP which program to run. What the engine can solve is the voltage the wiper produces,
+ * and that is all a router needs. Requiring the node to sit on the declaring component would
+ * refuse every firmware-mediated control, which is most of them.
+ *
+ * The wiper is found by its declared `role`, a closed vocabulary compared whole. A control
+ * bound to a device with no wiper -- a plain switch -- has no continuous reading to quantize,
+ * and is refused by name rather than guessed at.
+ */
+function selectorNodeFor(control, netlist) {
+    if (netlist === undefined) {
+        return `component declares a router on control "${control}" but this stage was given no netlist to resolve it against`;
+    }
+    const bound = netlist.devices.filter((device) => device.control === control);
+    if (bound.length === 0) {
+        return `component declares a router on control "${control}", which no device in this document is bound to`;
+    }
+    const wipers = [];
+    for (const device of bound) {
+        for (const [index, role] of device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles.entries()) {
+            if (role !== "wiper")
+                continue;
+            const node = device.nodes[index];
+            if (node !== undefined)
+                wipers.push(node);
+        }
+    }
+    const distinct = [...new Set(wipers)];
+    if (distinct.length === 0) {
+        return `component declares a router on control "${control}", but no device bound to it declares a wiper terminal, so the control produces no voltage this engine can read`;
+    }
+    if (distinct.length > 1) {
+        return `component declares a router on control "${control}", and ${distinct.length} distinct wiper nodes are bound to it, so which one carries the selection is ambiguous`;
+    }
+    return distinct[0] ?? -1;
+}
+/** Whether the document declares this panel control at all. */
+function controlExists(control, netlist) {
+    return netlist?.controls.some((candidate) => candidate.id === control) ?? false;
+}
+/** The highest positive rail the document declares, or null where it declares none. */
+function highestPositiveRailVolts(netlist) {
+    if (netlist === undefined)
+        return null;
+    let highest = null;
+    for (const device of netlist.devices) {
+        if (device.kind !== "voltage-source" && device.kind !== "rail")
+            continue;
+        const volts = device.parameters.volts;
+        if (typeof volts !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(volts) || volts <= 0)
+            continue;
+        if (highest === null || volts > highest)
+            highest = volts;
+    }
+    return highest;
+}
+function openIc(device, reason) {
+    return {
+        outcome: "law",
+        device: device.id,
+        law: { kind: "open" },
+        openReason: reason,
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * Declared component classes for which an unmodellable chip is **opened rather than refused**.
+ *
+ * **This is a degradation rule, not an identification rung, and the distinction is the whole
+ * point.** It never says what a component *is*, produces no `PartIdentity`, and is consulted only
+ * after the registry has already failed to bind a model -- so an exact part id and a fitting
+ * pinout always win. `identify.ts`'s ladder is untouched.
+ *
+ * **What it replaced.** Until 2026-09-04 these class names sat in the `declaredTypes` of the
+ * catalog's DRAM entry (`M12L64164A`), and `Circuit.IC` additionally in the uPC1252H2 VCA's, so a
+ * chip the registry could not place was *identified as one of those parts* and took its law.
+ * Measured: `boss-dd-3b`'s `SA571D` compandor and `electro-harmonix-holy-grail`'s `CS4811` DSP both
+ * reported `partId: M12L64164A` with evidence `exact-part`, and four components reached the VCA
+ * entry only by declaring the generic `Circuit.IC`. A wide `declaredTypes` net is a registry entry
+ * claiming a class it does not model, which is the wrong answer `identify.ts` refuses to give:
+ * "a wrong identity is worse than none". The degradation those entries were really providing is
+ * this, stated as itself.
+ *
+ * **Sized from measurement, not from the old list.** The DRAM entry carried seventeen classes;
+ * these are the seven the corpus exercises. The other ten (`Circuit.AudioCodec`, `Circuit.Codec`,
+ * `Circuit.VoltageDetector`, `Circuit.SwitchingRegulator`, `Circuit.EEPROM`,
+ * `Circuit.SupportChip`, `Circuit.DCDCConverter`, `Circuit.Compander`, `Circuit.PowerConverter`,
+ * `Circuit.LogicIC`) are reached today only by exact part id, so listing them would be
+ * speculative vocabulary against unexercised data -- and dropping them is what makes a future
+ * compandor or logic IC whose pinout does not fit **refuse and name itself** rather than quietly
+ * become a hole. Several of these classes have modelled members: a `Circuit.LogicIC` is often a
+ * CD4049 inverter, a `Circuit.Compander` an NE570 that binds. Membership here is not a claim about
+ * the class.
+ *
+ * **`circuit.ic` is deliberately absent**, and the tests are what settled it. It is the format's
+ * generic "this is a chip", so admitting it would mean *no* unidentified chip ever refuses again --
+ * it defeats the stated decision that an unknown chip makes the pedal unsupported, and it stops
+ * `emptyRegistry` refusing at all, which is the measurement `--empty-registry` exists to take.
+ * Four corpus components declaring it still need to compile; `namesNoPartToLookUp` is the narrower
+ * reason they get instead.
+ */
+const classesOpenedWithoutModel = new Set([
+    "circuit.digitalsignalprocessor",
+    "circuit.microcontroller",
+    "circuit.memoryic",
+    "circuit.resetsupervisor",
+    "circuit.crystal",
+    "circuit.sourcevisiblesubsystem",
+    // A converter is the same case as the DSP and the microcontroller above it: what it does to a
+    // sample is digital and no dump makes it modellable, so an open with a named warning is the
+    // honest outcome and a refusal that takes the whole packet down is not.
+    //
+    // Reached on `boss-dd-5` only once its supply rails were declared. Before that its AK5345-VS
+    // was excused for being electrically isolated, which is the weaker reason: a packet should
+    // not depend on a chip being unwired in order to compile.
+    //
+    "circuit.adc",
+    // Admitted on a packet, as the rule above demanded before it was. `boss-dd-5` v1.36 wires its
+    // output mixer as drawn, so its uPD6379's RO pin now drives the panning-out wet chain and the
+    // chip stopped being isolated. Same case as the ADC: the conversion is the declared program's
+    // output, what the chip does to a sample is digital, and refusing it would take a working
+    // packet down for wiring what the sheet shows. The other two corpus DACs (`boss-rv-3`,
+    // `boss-dsd-3`) compile byte-identically with and without this entry.
+    "circuit.dac",
+]);
+/** Whether the source states one of {@link classesOpenedWithoutModel}. */
+function declaresClassOpenedWithoutModel(device) {
+    const declaredType = device.identity.declaredType;
+    return (declaredType !== null &&
+        classesOpenedWithoutModel.has(foldToken(declaredType)));
+}
+/**
+ * A component declaring the generic `Circuit.IC` and **no part number at all**.
+ *
+ * **This is the discriminator the failing tests produced, and it is sharper than the class.** The
+ * `unknownChip` fixture declares `Circuit.IC` with `PartNumber: UNKNOWN-PART-XYZ`, and it must
+ * refuse: someone fitted a real chip, the catalog does not model it, and the refusal is
+ * actionable -- add the part. The four corpus components here declare `Circuit.IC` and name no
+ * part, so every rung of `identify`'s ladder is empty *by construction*: there is no part id to
+ * match, the class is the format's generic "this is a chip", and rung 3 sees only shell pin names
+ * (`jackinput`, `codeclinrin`, `outputshellin`). A refusal nobody can act on -- there is no part
+ * number to add to the catalog -- is a worse answer than an open the reader is told about.
+ *
+ * `jhs-clover`'s `ACTIVE_EQ_BOUNDARY` and `boss-st-2`'s three analog-support shells are the four,
+ * and each is a boundary the packet drew rather than a chip it fitted. `jhs-clover`'s says so in
+ * its own `SourceBoundaryStatus`, which nothing reads -- and reading it was not chosen here
+ * because exactly one component in 142 documents carries that property, so it would be a rule
+ * sized to one row.
+ *
+ * **Checked only after identification has already failed**, like the class rule beside it, so a
+ * part-less component the registry *can* place by declared type -- a `Circuit.DelayMemoryChip`
+ * reaching the bucket-brigade macro -- never comes near this.
+ */
+function namesNoPartToLookUp(device) {
+    return (device.identity.partNumber === null &&
+        device.identity.declaredType !== null &&
+        foldToken(device.identity.declaredType) === "circuit.ic");
+}
+/**
+ * An unmodellable IC opened because its source states one of the classes above, or the refusal it
+ * would otherwise have been.
+ *
+ * **The refusal is still the default**, and `identify.ts` records why: an `ic` has no behaviour
+ * except a part's, so the registry's silence is a refusal rather than a default. What this adds is
+ * that a digital or support subsystem the source declares as such does not take the whole pedal
+ * down with it -- the analog circuit around a DSP is still a circuit. The suppressed refusal is
+ * carried onto the resolution so the warning can say which lookup failed and how, which is the
+ * half a reader can act on.
+ */
+function openWhereClassPermits(device, refusal) {
+    if (!declaresClassOpenedWithoutModel(device) && !namesNoPartToLookUp(device)) {
+        return { outcome: "unsupported", device: device.id, reason: refusal };
+    }
+    return {
+        outcome: "law",
+        device: device.id,
+        law: { kind: "open" },
+        openReason: "declared-class-without-model",
+        insteadOfRefusal: refusal,
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * Does this device's source state a class this pipeline cannot model? Primitive kinds only: an
+ * `ic` declares its class in `declaredType` by design and is resolved through the registry.
+ */
+function declaresUnimplementedDeviceLaw(device) {
+    if (requiresIdentification(device)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const declaredType = device.identity.declaredType;
+    return (declaredType !== null &&
+        unimplementedDeviceLaws.has(foldToken(declaredType)));
+}
+/**
+ * The devices opened by `declaresUnimplementedDeviceLaw`, so a packet is told which stated device
+ * is absent from its program rather than silently receiving the nearest law.
+ */
+export function findUnimplementedDeviceLaws(lawed) {
+    const opened = new Set(lawed.resolutions.flatMap((resolution) => resolution.outcome === "law" && resolution.law.kind === "open"
+        ? [resolution.device]
+        : []));
+    return lawed.netlist.devices.flatMap((device) => opened.has(device.id) && declaresUnimplementedDeviceLaw(device)
+        ? [
+            {
+                code: "device-law-not-implemented",
+                device: device.id,
+                detail: `${device.id} is declared \`kind: ${device.kind}\` but its source states ` +
+                    `${device.identity.declaredType}, a device class this pipeline has no law for. ` +
+                    "It is not executed: modelling it as its declared kind would simulate a different " +
+                    "device, so whatever it does in the real circuit is absent from this program.",
+            },
+        ]
+        : []);
+}
+function isNonExecutableIcSupportShell(device) {
+    const declaredType = device.identity.declaredType === null
+        ? null
+        : foldToken(device.identity.declaredType);
+    if (declaredType === "circuit.opamp" &&
+        hasExactRoleSet(device, ["sectiona", "sectionb", "vplus", "vminus"])) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (declaredType === "circuit.audiocodec" &&
+        (hasExactRoleSet(device, ["analoginputshell", "adcboundary"]) ||
+            hasExactRoleSet(device, ["dacboundary", "analogoutputshell"]))) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (declaredType === "circuit.logicic" &&
+        hasExactRoleSet(device, ["vcc", "gnd"])) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (declaredType === "circuit.poweramp" ||
+        declaredType === "circuit.reverb" ||
+        declaredType === "circuit.module") {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if ((declaredType === "circuit.ic" || declaredType === "circuit.ota") &&
+        (foldToken(device.identity.partNumber ?? "") === "ir3109" ||
+            foldToken(device.identity.partNumber ?? "") === "jhscloveractiveeqboundary")) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    const partNumberFolded = foldToken(device.identity.partNumber ?? "");
+    if (partNumberFolded.startsWith("preampsupportnetwork") ||
+        partNumberFolded === "slp24b" ||
+        partNumberFolded === "slp24bleds" ||
+        partNumberFolded === "ce1powertransformer" ||
+        partNumberFolded === "ta7504s") {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+function hasExactRoleSet(device, roles) {
+    if (device.identity.terminalRoles.length !== roles.length) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const observed = new Set();
+    for (const role of device.identity.terminalRoles) {
+        if (role === null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        observed.add(foldToken(role));
+    }
+    for (const role of roles.map((entry) => foldToken(entry))) {
+        if (!observed.has(role)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+function unsupported(device, reason) {
+    return { outcome: "unsupported", device: device.id, reason };
+}
+/**
+ * A jack is a pure interface symbol until a **supply runs through it**. Then it is a
+ * switch in the supply path, and `open` severs the supply.
+ *
+ * Which terminal the contact makes against is derived from *which end of the supply is
+ * stranded*, never from the contact's name. The corpus names these contacts eleven ways
+ * and they do not share a sense, so a name table gets two of three wrong -- it shorted 13
+ * jacks, five of them supply rails. Two cases are derivable, and they are mirror images:
+ *
+ *   A. A supply **return** sits on a jack terminal. It has to reach the jack's own
+ *      return or the supply has no path back. `boss-hm-2` and `boss-sp-1-spectrum` put
+ *      the battery negative on the input jack's switch contact; without this the whole
+ *      circuit floats and renders leakage. 15 jacks.
+ *   B. A supply **drive** sits on a jack terminal whose node carries nothing but that
+ *      supply and this jack, so the rail is stranded behind the contact and must reach
+ *      the jack's remaining terminal. `boss-od-3` routes its 9 V to the pedal only
+ *      through the DC jack's contact -- `BATTERY.positive` and `DC_JACK.tip` alone on
+ *      node 45, the circuit rail on node 1 with 13 devices -- so without this the entire
+ *      pedal compiles into a block with no voltage source and Newton burns its whole
+ *      iteration cap every sample hunting an operating point that cannot exist. 3 jacks.
+ *
+ * The direction is not fixed and does not need to be: `boss-od-3` has the supply on the
+ * tip and the circuit on the contact, `boss-ce-5` has it the other way round, and joining
+ * the stranded end to the remaining terminal is right for both.
+ *
+ * Everything else stays open. A `switched_tip` or a `normalSwitch` carrying signal has a
+ * sense that depends on a plug state the packet does not state, and no structural fact
+ * distinguishes them -- so guessing would short a signal rather than leave it unmodelled.
+ */
+function portEngage(device, supply) {
+    const open = {
+        outcome: "law",
+        device: device.id,
+        law: { kind: "open" },
+    };
+    const returnIndex = portReturnIndex(device);
+    if (returnIndex === -1) {
+        return open;
+    }
+    const engage = (contactIndex, toIndex) => 
+    // Already the same node: the path exists and an element would be a dead short
+    // across nothing.
+    device.nodes[contactIndex] === device.nodes[toIndex]
+        ? open
+        : {
+            outcome: "law",
+            device: device.id,
+            law: { kind: "port-engage", contactIndex, againstIndex: toIndex },
+        };
+    const strandedReturn = device.nodes.findIndex((node, index) => index !== returnIndex && supply.returns.has(node));
+    if (strandedReturn !== -1) {
+        return engage(strandedReturn, returnIndex);
+    }
+    const strandedDrive = device.nodes.findIndex((node, index) => index !== returnIndex &&
+        supply.drives.has(node) &&
+        // Stranded means the node carries only the supply end and this jack terminal.
+        // A drive that already reaches the circuit needs no help, and closing a contact
+        // onto it would bridge two live nodes.
+        (supply.degree.get(node) ?? 0) <= 2);
+    if (strandedDrive === -1) {
+        return open;
+    }
+    const onward = device.nodes
+        .map((node, index) => ({ node, index }))
+        .filter(({ node, index }) => index !== returnIndex &&
+        index !== strandedDrive &&
+        node !== device.nodes[returnIndex]);
+    // More than one candidate is a genuine ambiguity, not a tie to break: `boss-ch-1`
+    // declares `adapter_positive`, `battery_positive` and `switched_positive` on one jack,
+    // and picking between them would be guessing which is wired to the pedal.
+    const only = onward.length === 1 ? onward[0] : undefined;
+    return only === undefined ? open : engage(strandedDrive, only.index);
+}
+// The taper *curve* deliberately does not live here. A pot's law carries which taper it
+// is; evaluating it is `src/runtime/taper.ts`, so no compiler stage can fold a control
+// curve into a coefficient even by accident. See decision 2 in the pipeline plan.
+/**
+ * Every integrated circuit the source declares and the program does not execute.
+ *
+ * **A residue reporter, deliberately.** It does not ask the five opening predicates their
+ * questions again -- it reads the reason `resolveDevice` recorded when it chose the `open`. So a
+ * sixth opening path added later is reported the day it is added, as `unrecorded`, instead of
+ * joining the silent class this exists to close; and no copy of a resolver's question can drift
+ * from the resolver, which is the defect that bit this file twice on 2026-09-03.
+ *
+ * `electrically-isolated` is excluded because `findElectricallyIsolatedIcs` already names those
+ * devices and says more about them than this could. The exclusion is on the recorded decision, not
+ * on a re-run of `isElectricallyIsolated`, for the reason above.
+ *
+ * Runs after section expansion, which is what makes it safe: a package the registry could expand
+ * is no longer in `lawed.netlist.devices` at all, so a working dual op-amp cannot appear here.
+ * Non-IC opens are out of scope and stay so -- a ground symbol and an unwired jack contact carry
+ * no element because the symbol has none, which is not a hole in the model.
+ */
+/**
+ * `digital-delay-line` as a composition of primitives (board-p3 row 4):
+ * an integer delay line plus one multiply-accumulate for the feedback mix.
+ *
+ * The op order mirrors the kernel's own evaluation order exactly -- read the
+ * delayed sample, publish it, write back tap plus feedback times delayed --
+ * so the interpreter reproduces its bits rather than approximating them.
+ * Length-mode priority mirrors the kernel's branch priority (clock control,
+ * then parameter port, else capacity). Returns `null` for anything but this
+ * model, and for a block carrying `modulation`, which the kernel has no
+ * branch for: there is no faithful composition of a port the kernel ignores.
+ */
+export function decomposeDigitalDelayLine(block) {
+    if (block.modelId !== "digital-delay-line") {
+        return null;
+    }
+    if (block.modulation !== undefined && block.modulation !== null) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const feedback = block.parameters.feedback ?? 0;
+    return {
+        kind: "composed",
+        modelSource: "registry",
+        id: block.id,
+        modelId: block.modelId,
+        parameters: block.parameters,
+        audioIn: block.audioIn,
+        audioOut: block.audioOut,
+        parameter: block.parameter,
+        clockControl: block.clockControl,
+        delayProvenance: block.delayProvenance,
+        delayDeclaredReason: block.delayDeclaredReason,
+        modulationRefusal: block.modulationRefusal,
+        router: null,
+        positions: [
+            {
+                id: "default",
+                ops: [
+                    {
+                        op: "delay-tap",
+                        line: "dl",
+                        length: block.clockControl !== undefined && block.clockControl !== null
+                            ? { mode: "clock" }
+                            : block.parameter !== null && block.parameter.referenceVolts > 0
+                                ? { mode: "parameter" }
+                                : { mode: "capacity" },
+                        out: 0,
+                    },
+                    {
+                        op: "mix",
+                        terms: [
+                            { source: { kind: "input" }, gain: 1 },
+                            { source: { kind: "temp", index: 0 }, gain: feedback },
+                        ],
+                        out: 1,
+                    },
+                    {
+                        op: "delay-push",
+                        line: "dl",
+                        input: { kind: "temp", index: 1 },
+                    },
+                ],
+                out: 0,
+                lines: {
+                    dl: { delaySeconds: block.parameters.delaySeconds ?? 0, minSeconds: 0 },
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * `bucket-brigade-delay-line` as a composition of primitives (board-p3
+ * row 4): input coupling estimator, fractionally interpolated delay line,
+ * write-back.
+ *
+ * Op order mirrors the kernel exactly -- couple the tap to AC, read the
+ * delayed sample with linear interpolation, publish it, write the AC back --
+ * and length priority mirrors its branches (clock, clock-law, modulation,
+ * parameter).
+ *
+ * Deliberately no `converter` op: the shipped kernel performs no conversion
+ * stage (no companding, no quantization -- `grep compand` finds a device
+ * law and comments), so a bit-identical decomposition has nowhere to put
+ * one. The enum gains `converter` when a decomposition needs it, not before.
+ */
+export function decomposeBucketBrigadeDelayLine(block) {
+    if (block.modelId !== "bucket-brigade-delay-line") {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const clockLawLength = block.clockLaw !== undefined &&
+        block.clockLaw !== null &&
+        block.clockLawParams !== undefined &&
+        block.clockLawParams !== null
+        ? {
+            mode: "clock-law",
+            rOhms: block.clockLawParams.rOhms,
+            cFarads: block.clockLawParams.cFarads,
+            vddVolts: block.clockLawParams.vddVolts,
+            vthVolts: block.clockLawParams.vthVolts,
+            vfVolts: block.clockLawParams.vfVolts,
+            floorVolts: block.clockLawParams.floorVolts,
+            stages: block.parameters.stages ?? 0,
+        }
+        : null;
+    return {
+        kind: "composed",
+        modelSource: "registry",
+        id: block.id,
+        modelId: block.modelId,
+        parameters: block.parameters,
+        audioIn: block.audioIn,
+        audioOut: block.audioOut,
+        parameter: block.parameter,
+        clockControl: block.clockControl,
+        modulation: block.modulation,
+        // Present only when recognised: same byte-churn rule as `lower.ts` --
+        // every other program must stay digest-identical.
+        ...(block.clockLaw !== undefined &&
+            block.clockLaw !== null &&
+            block.clockLawParams !== undefined &&
+            block.clockLawParams !== null
+            ? { clockLaw: block.clockLaw, clockLawParams: block.clockLawParams }
+            : {}),
+        delayProvenance: block.delayProvenance,
+        delayDeclaredReason: block.delayDeclaredReason,
+        modulationRefusal: block.modulationRefusal,
+        router: null,
+        positions: [
+            {
+                id: "default",
+                ops: [
+                    { op: "filter-dcblock", input: { kind: "input" }, out: 0 },
+                    {
+                        op: "delay-tap-fractional",
+                        line: "dl",
+                        length: block.clockControl !== undefined && block.clockControl !== null
+                            ? { mode: "clock" }
+                            : clockLawLength ?? (block.modulation !== undefined && block.modulation !== null
+                                ? { mode: "modulation" }
+                                : block.parameter !== null && block.parameter.referenceVolts > 0
+                                    ? { mode: "parameter" }
+                                    : { mode: "capacity" }),
+                        out: 1,
+                    },
+                    {
+                        op: "delay-push",
+                        line: "dl",
+                        input: { kind: "temp", index: 0 },
+                    },
+                ],
+                out: 1,
+                lines: {
+                    dl: { delaySeconds: block.parameters.delaySeconds ?? 0, minSeconds: 0 },
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * `digital-reverb-module` as a composition of primitives (board-p3 row 4):
+ * four parallel feedback combs averaged, two series allpass diffusers,
+ * output gain. A Schroeder reverb, which is what the kernel is.
+ *
+ * Arithmetic mirrors the kernel term for term: combs accumulate
+ * left-to-right then scale by exactly one quarter (a power of two, so the
+ * multiply rounds like the kernel's divide), allpasses keep the kernel's
+ * multiply order. The kernel has no clock, parameter, or modulation
+ * branches, so those ports are dropped rather than carried -- carrying a
+ * port the kernel ignores would imply behaviour the composition does not
+ * have. `decaySeconds` travels per comb op; the echo-density tables and
+ * the allpass coefficient stay interpreter-owned, exactly as today.
+ */
+export function decomposeDigitalReverbModule(block) {
+    if (block.modelId !== "digital-reverb-module") {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const decaySeconds = block.parameters.decaySeconds ?? 0;
+    const outputGain = block.parameters.outputGain ?? 1;
+    return {
+        kind: "composed",
+        modelSource: "registry",
+        id: block.id,
+        modelId: block.modelId,
+        parameters: block.parameters,
+        audioIn: block.audioIn,
+        audioOut: block.audioOut,
+        parameter: null,
+        delayProvenance: block.delayProvenance,
+        delayDeclaredReason: block.delayDeclaredReason,
+        modulationRefusal: block.modulationRefusal,
+        router: null,
+        positions: [
+            {
+                id: "default",
+                ops: [
+                    { op: "comb", index: 0, decaySeconds, input: { kind: "input" }, out: 0 },
+                    { op: "comb", index: 1, decaySeconds, input: { kind: "input" }, out: 1 },
+                    { op: "comb", index: 2, decaySeconds, input: { kind: "input" }, out: 2 },
+                    { op: "comb", index: 3, decaySeconds, input: { kind: "input" }, out: 3 },
+                    {
+                        op: "mix",
+                        terms: [
+                            { source: { kind: "temp", index: 0 }, gain: 1 },
+                            { source: { kind: "temp", index: 1 }, gain: 1 },
+                            { source: { kind: "temp", index: 2 }, gain: 1 },
+                            { source: { kind: "temp", index: 3 }, gain: 1 },
+                        ],
+                        out: 4,
+                    },
+                    {
+                        op: "mix",
+                        // The kernel averages over its four combs; 0.25 is exact here
+                        // because the interpreter's comb table is fixed at four. If
+                        // that table ever grows, this literal must follow it.
+                        terms: [{ source: { kind: "temp", index: 4 }, gain: 0.25 }],
+                        out: 5,
+                    },
+                    { op: "allpass", index: 0, input: { kind: "temp", index: 5 }, out: 6 },
+                    { op: "allpass", index: 1, input: { kind: "temp", index: 6 }, out: 7 },
+                    {
+                        op: "mix",
+                        terms: [{ source: { kind: "temp", index: 7 }, gain: outputGain }],
+                        out: 8,
+                    },
+                ],
+                out: 8,
+                lines: {},
+            },
+        ],
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * Emit compositions for the three decomposed models, passthrough for
+ * everything else (board-p3 row 4, the flip). Called once per program after
+ * `couple` wires ports: decompositions read fully-resolved blocks, so an
+ * earlier flip would compose unwired placeholders. A `null` decomposition
+ * (a port the kernel ignores, a model outside the three) keeps the macro
+ * block rather than failing the program.
+ */
+export function composeMacroBlocks(blocks) {
+    return blocks.map((block) => {
+        if (block.kind !== "macro") {
+            return block;
+        }
+        // **A declared composition composes to itself.** The three decompositions below
+        // translate a registry model into ops; a declaration arrives as ops already, so
+        // there is nothing to translate and no model table to consult. That is the whole
+        // point of the second resolution key: the source states the program.
+        const declared = block.declaredPositions;
+        if (declared !== null && declared !== undefined && declared.length > 0) {
+            return {
+                kind: "composed",
+                modelSource: "declared",
+                id: block.id,
+                modelId: block.modelId,
+                parameters: block.parameters,
+                audioIn: block.audioIn,
+                audioOut: block.audioOut,
+                parameter: block.parameter,
+                clockControl: block.clockControl,
+                delayProvenance: block.delayProvenance,
+                delayDeclaredReason: block.delayDeclaredReason,
+                modulationRefusal: block.modulationRefusal,
+                positions: declared,
+                router: block.router ?? null,
+            };
+        }
+        if (block.modelId === "digital-delay-line") {
+            return decomposeDigitalDelayLine(block) ?? block;
+        }
+        if (block.modelId === "bucket-brigade-delay-line") {
+            return decomposeBucketBrigadeDelayLine(block) ?? block;
+        }
+        if (block.modelId === "digital-reverb-module") {
+            return decomposeDigitalReverbModule(block) ?? block;
+        }
+        return block;
+    });
+}
+/**
+ * Which phase-3 bucket a gap-candidate open IC belongs in (board-p3 row 1).
+ *
+ * Pure over typed and structural evidence only: the entry's `firmwareClass`
+ * (compared whole-value, never prose) and whether the chip shares a net with
+ * a device the program executes. `fixed-function` means no program is
+ * missing, so the only question left is what covers the chip's behaviour: an
+ * executing macro (memory inside a delay kernel, e.g. a 4164 behind an
+ * M50195P) or an executing law (a redundant view of modelled behaviour, e.g.
+ * a single-terminal divider placeholder on an executing divider's clock
+ * net). Everything else stays `programmable-no-program` -- including
+ * `undetermined` firmware, which is an open question rather than evidence of
+ * a fixed function, so the phase-3 set keeps the row until proven otherwise.
+ */
+export function classifyOpenIcGap(input) {
+    if (input.firmwareClass === "fixed-function" &&
+        input.sharesNodeWithExecutedMacro) {
+        return "support-chip-subsumed";
+    }
+    if (input.firmwareClass === "fixed-function" &&
+        input.sharesNodeWithExecutedLaw) {
+        return "part-number-miss";
+    }
+    return "programmable-no-program";
+}
+/**
+ * The entry's firmware class for an exact part-number match, whole-value.
+ * No entry or no evidence reads `undetermined`, which classifies as
+ * `programmable-no-program`: an open question keeps the phase-3 row.
+ */
+function firmwareClassOf(registry, partNumber) {
+    if (partNumber === null) {
+        return "undetermined";
+    }
+    const folded = foldPartId(partNumber);
+    for (const entry of registry.entries) {
+        if (entry.partIds.some((id) => foldPartId(id) === folded)) {
+            return entry.firmware?.firmwareClass ?? "undetermined";
+        }
+    }
+    return "undetermined";
+}
+export function findIcsNotExecuted(lawed, original, registry) {
+    // **One device, one warning, and isolation is the half that speaks.** A chip sharing no net
+    // with anything is not a modelling question -- no entry at any terminal count would connect
+    // it -- so where `findElectricallyIsolatedIcs` already names a device, this stays quiet.
+    // `boss-oc-3`'s `SRC_AK4552VT` carried both: every one of its twenty pins is a private node,
+    // and it reached the pinout check only because section expansion runs before the isolation
+    // branch in `resolveDevice`. Counted over `original` -- the same pre-expansion netlist the
+    // isolation reporter reads -- so the two cannot disagree about the same device.
+    const devicesTouchingNode = deviceCountByNode(original);
+    const openById = new Map(lawed.resolutions.flatMap((resolution) => resolution.outcome === "law" && resolution.law.kind === "open"
+        ? [[resolution.device, resolution]]
+        : []));
+    const warnings = [];
+    const deviceById = new Map(lawed.netlist.devices.map((device) => [device.id, device]));
+    const executedMacroNodes = new Set();
+    const executedLawNodes = new Set();
+    for (const resolution of lawed.resolutions) {
+        const resolved = deviceById.get(resolution.device);
+        if (resolved === undefined) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (resolution.outcome === "macro") {
+            for (const node of resolved.nodes) {
+                executedMacroNodes.add(node);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (resolution.outcome === "law" &&
+            resolution.law.kind !== "open") {
+            for (const node of resolved.nodes) {
+                executedLawNodes.add(node);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    for (const device of lawed.netlist.devices) {
+        if (!requiresIdentification(device)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const resolution = openById.get(device.id);
+        if (resolution === undefined || resolution.outcome !== "law") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const reason = resolution.openReason;
+        if (reason === "electrically-isolated" ||
+            isElectricallyIsolated(device, devicesTouchingNode)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        // Names the chip by the hardest evidence the document carries, because that is what a
+        // reader needs to look it up: a part number where there is one, the declared class where
+        // there is not.
+        const named = device.identity.partNumber ?? device.identity.declaredType ?? "unnamed";
+        const head = `${device.kind} ${device.id} (${named}) is in the source and not in the program`;
+        // **How much of it is wired at all**, appended to the arity reason because it decides which
+        // half of that reason's advice applies. A pin on a node no other device touches cannot be
+        // connected by any registry entry, so where most of a component's terminals are private the
+        // gap is a source trace and adding a catalog entry at this count would produce stamps that
+        // cannot affect the circuit. Measured on the AK4552VT codecs: every one of them, at every
+        // arity the corpus declares, has all four of its analog pins on private nodes -- including
+        // the two the catalog already models, whose buffers stamp into nothing.
+        const privatePins = device.nodes.filter(
+        // Literal 0 for ground, as `isElectricallyIsolated` writes it just above.
+        (node) => node !== 0 && (devicesTouchingNode.get(node) ?? 0) <= 1).length;
+        const wiring = privatePins === 0
+            ? ""
+            : ` ${privatePins} of its ${device.nodes.length} terminals sit on nodes no other component touches, which no registry entry can connect.`;
+        const gapClass = reason === "registry-open" || reason === "declared-class-without-model"
+            ? classifyOpenIcGap({
+                firmwareClass: firmwareClassOf(registry, device.identity.partNumber),
+                sharesNodeWithExecutedMacro: device.nodes.some((node) => executedMacroNodes.has(node)),
+                sharesNodeWithExecutedLaw: device.nodes.some((node) => executedLawNodes.has(node)),
+            })
+            : undefined;
+        const gapSuffix = gapClass === "support-chip-subsumed"
+            ? " Classified support-chip-subsumed (phase-1 row, not phase 3): its catalog entry states fixed-function behaviour and it shares a net with an executing macro, so no program is missing."
+            : gapClass === "part-number-miss"
+                ? " Classified part-number-miss (phase-1 row, not phase 3): its catalog entry states fixed-function behaviour and it shares a net with an executing law, so it is a redundant view of modelled behaviour rather than an unmodelled core."
+                : "";
+        warnings.push({
+            code: "ic-not-executed",
+            device: device.id,
+            reason: reason ?? "unrecorded",
+            detail: (reason === "source-boundary-shell"
+                ? `${head}: it is registered as a source-boundary shell, drawn for topological continuity rather than execution, so it is compiled as open.`
+                : reason === "charge-pump-declared-rail"
+                    ? `${head}: it is a charge pump whose generated rail the document declares separately, so the rail is modelled and the pump itself is compiled as open.`
+                    : reason === "registry-arity-mismatch"
+                        ? `${head}: ${resolution.insteadOfRefusal ?? "its registry entry could not bind the declared terminals"}. The part is registered, so this is an arity disagreement rather than an unknown chip: either the document declares a shell rather than the part's own pins, or the catalog needs an entry at this terminal count.${wiring} It is compiled as open rather than refusing the pedal.`
+                        : reason === "registry-open"
+                            ? `${head}: the registry states no executable model for it and it is compiled as open. Whatever it does in the real circuit is absent.`
+                            : reason === "declared-class-without-model"
+                                ? `${head}: no registered part model binds it -- ${resolution.insteadOfRefusal ?? "the registry supplied none"} -- and ${device.identity.partNumber === null
+                                    ? `its source names no part number and declares only the generic ${device.identity.declaredType}, so there is nothing to look up`
+                                    : `its source declares ${device.identity.declaredType}, a class this pipeline opens rather than refusing the pedal for`}. Fixing it means a registry entry, a pinout that fits, or a packet correction.`
+                                : `${head}: it was compiled as open by a path that records no reason, so this cannot say which. A new opening branch in \`resolveDevice\` needs to tag itself.`) + gapSuffix,
+            ...(gapClass === undefined ? {} : { gapClass }),
+        });
+    }
+    return warnings;
+}
+/**
+ * The loud half of `isElectricallyIsolated`: every identification-requiring device whose
+ * nodes are all private got an `open` law instead of a refusal, and each one is named here
+ * so a cluster isolated by a wiring mistake rather than by intent is never silently
+ * swallowed. Runs over the ORIGINAL netlist (pre-section-expansion), because isolation is a
+ * property of the drawn component, not of a registry section.
+ */
+export function findElectricallyIsolatedIcs(netlist) {
+    const devicesTouchingNode = deviceCountByNode(netlist);
+    const warnings = [];
+    for (const device of netlist.devices) {
+        if (!requiresIdentification(device)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!isElectricallyIsolated(device, devicesTouchingNode)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        warnings.push({
+            code: "electrically-isolated-ic",
+            device: device.id,
+            detail: `component ${device.id} shares no net with any other component, so it is treated ` +
+                `as a view-only block and compiled as open. If that is a wiring mistake rather ` +
+                `than a declared boundary, the source needs the missing nets, not a device model.`,
+        });
+    }
+    return warnings;
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=device-laws.js.map