@vellumai/assistant 0.6.2 → 0.6.4

package/src/calls/media-stream-output.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,660 @@
+/**
+ * Output adapter for media-stream call egress.
+ *
+ * Implements the {@link CallTransport} interface so the call controller
+ * can send synthesized audio and lifecycle signals through a Twilio Media
+ * Stream WebSocket connection.
+ *
+ * Unlike the ConversationRelay transport which sends text tokens for
+ * Twilio's built-in TTS, the media-stream transport operates on raw
+ * audio frames:
+ *
+ * - `sendTextToken()` — Accumulates text tokens and, on `last: true`,
+ *   synthesizes the accumulated text via the configured TTS provider,
+ *   transcodes the resulting audio to mu-law 8 kHz, and streams it as
+ *   media frames to Twilio. An empty token with `last: true` sends an
+ *   end-of-turn mark without synthesizing.
+ *
+ * - `sendPlayUrl()` — Fetches audio from the given URL, transcodes it
+ *   to mu-law 8 kHz, and streams the resulting frames to Twilio.
+ *
+ * - `endSession()` — Closes the underlying WebSocket, which triggers
+ *   Twilio to tear down the media stream and (eventually) the call.
+ *
+ * - `sendAudioPayload()` — Sends a base64-encoded audio frame to
+ *   Twilio for playback on the caller's channel.
+ *
+ * - `sendMark()` — Inserts a named mark into the outbound audio
+ *   pipeline. Twilio will echo it back as a `mark` event once the
+ *   caller reaches that point in playback.
+ *
+ * - `clearAudio()` — Clears any queued outbound audio (barge-in),
+ *   flushes the internal playback queue, and aborts in-flight synthesis.
+ */
+
+import type { ServerWebSocket } from "bun";
+
+import { getLogger } from "../util/logger.js";
+import type { CallTransport } from "./call-transport.js";
+import {
+  chunkMulawToBase64Frames,
+  pcm16ToMulaw,
+} from "./media-stream-audio-transcode.js";
+import type {
+  MediaStreamClearCommand,
+  MediaStreamSendMarkCommand,
+  MediaStreamSendMediaCommand,
+} from "./media-stream-protocol.js";
+
+const log = getLogger("media-stream-output");
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Connection state
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export type MediaStreamOutputState = "connected" | "closed";
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Playback queue entry
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * A queued playback item. The output adapter processes items sequentially
+ * to preserve ordering when multiple TTS segments or play-URL fetches
+ * are in flight concurrently.
+ */
+type PlaybackItem =
+  | { type: "frames"; frames: string[] }
+  | { type: "synthesize"; text: string }
+  | { type: "fetch-url"; url: string }
+  | { type: "mark"; name: string };
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Output adapter
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export class MediaStreamOutput implements CallTransport {
+  private streamSid: string;
+  private ws: ServerWebSocket<unknown>;
+  private state: MediaStreamOutputState = "connected";
+
+  /** Accumulated text from sendTextToken calls before the final `last: true`. */
+  private textBuffer = "";
+
+  /** FIFO queue of playback items awaiting delivery. */
+  private playbackQueue: PlaybackItem[] = [];
+
+  /** True when the queue drain loop is actively running. */
+  private draining = false;
+
+  /** Abort controller for the currently in-flight synthesis/fetch. */
+  private activePlaybackAbort: AbortController | null = null;
+
+  /** Monotonic version counter — incremented on clearAudio to invalidate stale work. */
+  private playbackVersion = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * The media-stream transport requires WAV (PCM) audio because its
+   * mu-law transcoder cannot decode compressed formats (mp3, opus).
+   */
+  readonly requiresWavAudio = true;
+
+  constructor(ws: ServerWebSocket<unknown>, streamSid: string) {
+    this.ws = ws;
+    this.streamSid = streamSid;
+  }
+
+  // ── CallTransport interface ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  /**
+   * Accumulate text tokens for TTS synthesis. When `last` is true, the
+   * accumulated text is queued for synthesis and delivery as media frames.
+   *
+   * An empty token with `last: true` signals end-of-turn without TTS.
+   * This mirrors ConversationRelay semantics where an empty last token
+   * transitions the relay from "assistant speaking" to "caller speaking".
+   * On the media-stream transport we send a mark instead.
+   */
+  sendTextToken(token: string, last: boolean): void {
+    if (this.state === "closed") return;
+
+    this.textBuffer += token;
+
+    if (last) {
+      const text = this.textBuffer.trim();
+      this.textBuffer = "";
+
+      if (text.length > 0) {
+        // Queue synthesis of the accumulated text.
+        this.enqueuePlayback({ type: "synthesize", text });
+      }
+
+      // Always send an end-of-turn mark so the media-stream server
+      // can detect turn boundaries (analogous to ConversationRelay's
+      // empty last token).
+      this.enqueuePlayback({ type: "mark", name: "end-of-turn" });
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fetch audio from the given URL, transcode, and stream as media frames.
+   *
+   * The audio store (used by the synthesized-play path in call-controller)
+   * serves streaming audio at these URLs. We fetch the content, decode to
+   * PCM, and re-encode as mu-law frames for Twilio.
+   */
+  sendPlayUrl(url: string): void {
+    if (this.state === "closed") return;
+    this.enqueuePlayback({ type: "fetch-url", url });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Signal the transport to end the call session by closing the
+   * WebSocket. Twilio tears down the media stream when the socket
+   * closes.
+   */
+  endSession(reason?: string): void {
+    if (this.state === "closed") return;
+    this.state = "closed";
+
+    // Cancel any in-flight playback
+    this.flushPlaybackQueue();
+
+    log.info(
+      { streamSid: this.streamSid, reason },
+      "Media stream output ending session",
+    );
+
+    try {
+      this.ws.close(1000, reason ?? "session-ended");
+    } catch (err) {
+      log.warn(
+        { err, streamSid: this.streamSid },
+        "Failed to close media-stream WebSocket",
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the current connection-level state. The controller uses this
+   * to suppress silence nudges during guardian wait states.
+   */
+  getConnectionState(): string {
+    return this.state;
+  }
+
+  // ── Media-stream specific methods ───────────────────────────────────
+
+  /**
+   * Send a base64-encoded audio frame to Twilio for playback.
+   */
+  sendAudioPayload(base64Payload: string): void {
+    if (this.state === "closed") return;
+
+    const command: MediaStreamSendMediaCommand = {
+      event: "media",
+      streamSid: this.streamSid,
+      media: {
+        payload: base64Payload,
+      },
+    };
+
+    try {
+      this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(command));
+    } catch (err) {
+      log.error(
+        { err, streamSid: this.streamSid },
+        "Failed to send audio payload",
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Insert a named mark into the outbound audio stream. Twilio echoes
+   * back a `mark` event when the caller reaches this point in playback.
+   */
+  sendMark(name: string): void {
+    if (this.state === "closed") return;
+
+    const command: MediaStreamSendMarkCommand = {
+      event: "mark",
+      streamSid: this.streamSid,
+      mark: { name },
+    };
+
+    try {
+      this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(command));
+    } catch (err) {
+      log.error(
+        { err, streamSid: this.streamSid },
+        "Failed to send mark command",
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clear any queued outbound audio. Used for barge-in scenarios where
+   * the caller interrupts the assistant.
+   *
+   * This performs three actions:
+   * 1. Sends a Twilio `clear` command to flush Twilio's outbound buffer.
+   * 2. Aborts any in-flight TTS synthesis or URL fetch.
+   * 3. Drains the internal playback queue so no further frames are sent.
+   */
+  clearAudio(): void {
+    if (this.state === "closed") return;
+
+    // Flush our internal playback queue and abort in-flight work.
+    this.flushPlaybackQueue();
+
+    // Send the Twilio clear command to flush Twilio's outbound buffer.
+    const command: MediaStreamClearCommand = {
+      event: "clear",
+      streamSid: this.streamSid,
+    };
+
+    try {
+      this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(command));
+    } catch (err) {
+      log.error(
+        { err, streamSid: this.streamSid },
+        "Failed to send clear command",
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update the stream SID (e.g. after receiving the `start` event).
+   */
+  setStreamSid(streamSid: string): void {
+    this.streamSid = streamSid;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the current stream SID.
+   */
+  getStreamSid(): string {
+    return this.streamSid;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Mark the output as closed without sending a close frame.
+   * Used when the WebSocket is already closed by the remote side.
+   */
+  markClosed(): void {
+    this.state = "closed";
+    this.flushPlaybackQueue();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of items currently in the playback queue.
+   * Exposed for test assertions.
+   */
+  getPlaybackQueueLength(): number {
+    return this.playbackQueue.length;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Runtime check for closed state. Used instead of direct property access
+   * in async methods because TypeScript's control flow analysis cannot
+   * track that `this.state` may change between `await` points.
+   */
+  private isClosed(): boolean {
+    return this.state === "closed";
+  }
+
+  // ── Private: playback queue management ──────────────────────────────
+
+  private enqueuePlayback(item: PlaybackItem): void {
+    this.playbackQueue.push(item);
+    if (!this.draining) {
+      void this.drainPlaybackQueue();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Flush the playback queue and abort in-flight work. Increments the
+   * playback version so any stale async work is discarded.
+   */
+  private flushPlaybackQueue(): void {
+    this.playbackQueue.length = 0;
+    this.textBuffer = "";
+    this.playbackVersion++;
+    if (this.activePlaybackAbort) {
+      this.activePlaybackAbort.abort();
+      this.activePlaybackAbort = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Process playback items sequentially. Each item either sends frames
+   * directly (pre-encoded) or performs async work (synthesis, fetch)
+   * before sending.
+   */
+  private async drainPlaybackQueue(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.draining) return;
+    this.draining = true;
+
+    try {
+      while (this.playbackQueue.length > 0 && !this.isClosed()) {
+        const item = this.playbackQueue.shift()!;
+        const version = this.playbackVersion;
+
+        switch (item.type) {
+          case "frames":
+            this.sendFrames(item.frames);
+            break;
+
+          case "mark":
+            this.sendMark(item.name);
+            break;
+
+          case "synthesize":
+            await this.processSynthesizeItem(item.text, version);
+            break;
+
+          case "fetch-url":
+            await this.processFetchUrlItem(item.url, version);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // If the playback version changed (clearAudio was called), stop
+        // processing stale items.
+        if (version !== this.playbackVersion) break;
+      }
+    } finally {
+      this.draining = false;
+      // If items were enqueued during a version-mismatch break (e.g. the
+      // end-of-turn mark from handleInterrupt after clearAudio), restart
+      // draining so they are not stranded.
+      if (this.playbackQueue.length > 0 && !this.isClosed()) {
+        void this.drainPlaybackQueue();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Send an array of pre-encoded base64 audio frames to Twilio.
+   */
+  private sendFrames(frames: string[]): void {
+    for (const frame of frames) {
+      this.sendAudioPayload(frame);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Synthesize text via the TTS provider and send resulting audio as
+   * mu-law frames. Falls back to a silent frame if synthesis fails.
+   */
+  private async processSynthesizeItem(
+    text: string,
+    version: number,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const abortController = new AbortController();
+    this.activePlaybackAbort = abortController;
+
+    try {
+      const { resolveCallTtsProvider } =
+        await import("./resolve-call-tts-provider.js");
+      // Request WAV so audioBufferToFrames gets PCM it can transcode
+      // to mu-law. Compressed formats (mp3, opus) would be sent as raw
+      // bytes and produce garbled audio.
+      const { provider, audioFormat } = resolveCallTtsProvider({
+        preferWav: true,
+      });
+      if (!provider) {
+        log.warn(
+          { streamSid: this.streamSid },
+          "No TTS provider available for media-stream synthesis",
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (version !== this.playbackVersion || this.isClosed()) return;
+
+      // Synthesize the text. Request PCM output so the media-stream
+      // transport receives raw samples it can transcode to mu-law.
+      // Providers that support it (e.g. ElevenLabs pcm_16000) will
+      // return raw PCM; others fall back to their default format and
+      // the content-type sniffing below handles the mismatch.
+      const result = await provider.synthesize({
+        text,
+        useCase: "phone-call",
+        outputFormat: "pcm",
+        signal: abortController.signal,
+      });
+
+      if (version !== this.playbackVersion || this.isClosed()) return;
+
+      // Derive the format from the provider's actual content type rather
+      // than the declared audioFormat. The declared format may not match
+      // reality (e.g. preferWav requests WAV but the provider returns mp3).
+      // audioBufferToFrames also sniffs magic bytes as a safety net.
+      const actualFormat: "mp3" | "wav" | "opus" | "pcm" =
+        result.contentType.includes("wav") ||
+        result.contentType.includes("x-wav")
+          ? "wav"
+          : result.contentType.includes("opus")
+            ? "opus"
+            : result.contentType.includes("mpeg") ||
+                result.contentType.includes("mp3")
+              ? "mp3"
+              : result.contentType.includes("pcm") ||
+                  result.contentType.includes("x-raw")
+                ? "pcm"
+                : audioFormat; // fall back to declared format for unknown types
+      const frames = this.audioBufferToFrames(result.audio, actualFormat);
+      if (version !== this.playbackVersion || this.isClosed()) return;
+
+      this.sendFrames(frames);
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof DOMException && err.name === "AbortError") {
+        log.debug(
+          { streamSid: this.streamSid },
+          "Media-stream TTS synthesis aborted (barge-in)",
+        );
+      } else {
+        log.error(
+          { err, streamSid: this.streamSid },
+          "Media-stream TTS synthesis failed",
+        );
+      }
+    } finally {
+      if (this.activePlaybackAbort === abortController) {
+        this.activePlaybackAbort = null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fetch audio from a URL (typically the audio store), transcode to
+   * mu-law frames, and send to Twilio.
+   */
+  private async processFetchUrlItem(
+    url: string,
+    version: number,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const abortController = new AbortController();
+    this.activePlaybackAbort = abortController;
+
+    try {
+      const response = await fetch(url, { signal: abortController.signal });
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        log.error(
+          { url, status: response.status, streamSid: this.streamSid },
+          "Failed to fetch audio from URL for media-stream playback",
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (version !== this.playbackVersion || this.isClosed()) return;
+
+      const buffer = Buffer.from(await response.arrayBuffer());
+      if (version !== this.playbackVersion || this.isClosed()) return;
+
+      const contentType = response.headers.get("content-type") ?? "audio/mpeg";
+      const format: "mp3" | "wav" | "opus" | "pcm" = contentType.includes("wav")
+        ? "wav"
+        : contentType.includes("opus")
+          ? "opus"
+          : contentType.includes("pcm") || contentType.includes("x-raw")
+            ? "pcm"
+            : "mp3";
+
+      const frames = this.audioBufferToFrames(buffer, format);
+      if (version !== this.playbackVersion || this.isClosed()) return;
+
+      this.sendFrames(frames);
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof DOMException && err.name === "AbortError") {
+        log.debug(
+          { streamSid: this.streamSid },
+          "Media-stream URL fetch aborted (barge-in)",
+        );
+      } else {
+        log.error(
+          { err, url, streamSid: this.streamSid },
+          "Media-stream URL fetch failed",
+        );
+      }
+    } finally {
+      if (this.activePlaybackAbort === abortController) {
+        this.activePlaybackAbort = null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert an audio buffer (from TTS synthesis or URL fetch) into
+   * base64-encoded mu-law frames.
+   *
+   * Rather than trusting the declared `format` parameter (which may not
+   * match the actual bytes — e.g. when a provider is asked for WAV but
+   * returns mp3), this method **sniffs the magic bytes** to detect the
+   * real format:
+   *
+   * - **WAV** (`RIFF` header, bytes `0x52 0x49 0x46 0x46`): extracts
+   *   raw PCM data from the WAV container and converts to mu-law.
+   * - **PCM** (raw 16-bit signed LE at a known sample rate): converts
+   *   directly to mu-law, downsampling from 16 kHz to 8 kHz if needed.
+   * - **Compressed formats** (mp3, opus): cannot be decoded in this
+   *   path — returns empty frames (silence) with a warning. Compressed
+   *   formats require the audio-store playback path (`sendPlayUrl`)
+   *   for correct transcoding. Silence is preferable to garbled audio.
+   */
+  private audioBufferToFrames(
+    audio: Buffer,
+    format: "mp3" | "wav" | "opus" | "pcm",
+  ): string[] {
+    // Sniff the actual bytes rather than trusting the declared format.
+    // WAV files always start with the ASCII magic "RIFF" (0x52494646).
+    const isWav =
+      audio.length >= 44 &&
+      audio[0] === 0x52 && // R
+      audio[1] === 0x49 && // I
+      audio[2] === 0x46 && // F
+      audio[3] === 0x46; // F
+
+    if (isWav) {
+      // Extract raw PCM from WAV container. Standard WAV has a 44-byte
+      // header; the rest is PCM data (assuming 16-bit signed LE, 8 kHz).
+      const pcmData = audio.subarray(44);
+      if (pcmData.length < 2) return [];
+      const mulawBuffer = pcm16ToMulaw(pcmData);
+      return chunkMulawToBase64Frames(mulawBuffer);
+    }
+
+    // When the declared format is "wav" but the RIFF check failed, the
+    // bytes might be either:
+    // (a) Raw PCM stored under audio/wav content-type (when
+    //     outputFormat: "pcm" is used with createStreamingEntry("wav"))
+    // (b) Compressed audio (mp3/opus) from a provider that ignores
+    //     outputFormat (e.g. Fish Audio defaults to mp3)
+    //
+    // Sniff magic bytes to distinguish: mp3 frames start with 0xFF sync
+    // byte or ID3 tag (0x49 0x44 0x33); Ogg/opus starts with "OggS".
+    // Anything else is assumed to be raw PCM.
+    if (format === "wav") {
+      const isMp3 =
+        audio.length >= 2 &&
+        ((audio[0] === 0xff && (audio[1] & 0xe0) === 0xe0) || // MPEG sync
+          (audio[0] === 0x49 && audio[1] === 0x44 && audio[2] === 0x33)); // ID3
+      const isOgg =
+        audio.length >= 4 &&
+        audio[0] === 0x4f && // O
+        audio[1] === 0x67 && // g
+        audio[2] === 0x67 && // g
+        audio[3] === 0x53; // S
+
+      if (isMp3 || isOgg) {
+        log.warn(
+          {
+            streamSid: this.streamSid,
+            declaredFormat: format,
+            detectedFormat: isMp3 ? "mp3" : "opus",
+            audioBytes: audio.length,
+          },
+          "Declared format is WAV but bytes are compressed — returning silence",
+        );
+        return [];
+      }
+
+      log.debug(
+        { streamSid: this.streamSid, audioBytes: audio.length },
+        "Declared format is WAV but no RIFF header — treating as raw PCM",
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Raw PCM (e.g. from ElevenLabs pcm_16000, or WAV-declared content
+    // that is actually headerless PCM): convert directly to mu-law.
+    // ElevenLabs pcm_16000 produces 16-bit signed LE at 16 kHz. Twilio
+    // needs 8 kHz mu-law, so we downsample by taking every other sample.
+    if (format === "pcm" || format === "wav") {
+      if (audio.length < 2) return [];
+      // Downsample 16 kHz -> 8 kHz by taking every other sample.
+      // Each sample is 2 bytes (16-bit LE), so we step by 4 bytes.
+      const sampleCount = Math.floor(audio.length / 2);
+      const downsampledCount = Math.floor(sampleCount / 2);
+      const downsampled = Buffer.alloc(downsampledCount * 2);
+      for (let i = 0; i < downsampledCount; i++) {
+        // Copy every other 16-bit sample
+        downsampled[i * 2] = audio[i * 4];
+        downsampled[i * 2 + 1] = audio[i * 4 + 1];
+      }
+      const mulawBuffer = pcm16ToMulaw(downsampled);
+      return chunkMulawToBase64Frames(mulawBuffer);
+    }
+
+    // Compressed formats (mp3, opus) cannot be decoded in this direct
+    // synthesis path. Rather than passing compressed bytes through as
+    // raw mu-law frames (which produces garbled audio), return empty
+    // frames (silence). The caller should use the audio-store playback
+    // path (sendPlayUrl) which handles transcoding correctly.
+    if (format === "mp3" || format === "opus") {
+      log.warn(
+        {
+          streamSid: this.streamSid,
+          format,
+          audioBytes: audio.length,
+        },
+        "Compressed audio format cannot be transcoded to mu-law in the direct synthesis path — " +
+          "returning silence. Use the audio-store playback path (sendPlayUrl) for correct transcoding.",
+      );
+      return [];
+    }
+
+    // Unknown format — log a warning and attempt raw passthrough. This
+    // is a last-resort fallback; callers should ensure they request a
+    // format that this transport can handle (WAV or raw PCM).
+    log.warn(
+      {
+        streamSid: this.streamSid,
+        declaredFormat: format,
+        audioBytes: audio.length,
+        headerHex: audio.subarray(0, 4).toString("hex"),
+      },
+      "Unrecognized audio format — attempting raw passthrough (may produce garbled audio)",
+    );
+    return chunkMulawToBase64Frames(audio);
+  }
+}