@universetech-inc/unbig.js 6.2.2

package/big.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1043 @@
+/*
+ *  big.js v6.2.1
+ *  A small, fast, easy-to-use library for arbitrary-precision decimal arithmetic.
+ *  Copyright (c) 2022 Michael Mclaughlin
+ *  https://github.com/MikeMcl/big.js/LICENCE.md
+ */
+;(function (GLOBAL) {
+  'use strict';
+  var Big,
+
+
+/************************************** EDITABLE DEFAULTS *****************************************/
+
+
+    // The default values below must be integers within the stated ranges.
+
+    /*
+     * The maximum number of decimal places (DP) of the results of operations involving division:
+     * div and sqrt, and pow with negative exponents.
+     */
+    DP = 20,            // 0 to MAX_DP
+
+    /*
+     * The rounding mode (RM) used when rounding to the above decimal places.
+     *
+     *  0  Towards zero (i.e. truncate, no rounding).       (ROUND_DOWN)
+     *  1  To nearest neighbour. If equidistant, round up.  (ROUND_HALF_UP)
+     *  2  To nearest neighbour. If equidistant, to even.   (ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+     *  3  Away from zero.                                  (ROUND_UP)
+     */
+    RM = 1,             // 0, 1, 2 or 3
+
+    // The maximum value of DP and Big.DP.
+    MAX_DP = 1E6,       // 0 to 1000000
+
+    // The maximum magnitude of the exponent argument to the pow method.
+    MAX_POWER = 1E6,    // 1 to 1000000
+
+    /*
+     * The negative exponent (NE) at and beneath which toString returns exponential notation.
+     * (JavaScript numbers: -7)
+     * -1000000 is the minimum recommended exponent value of a Big.
+     */
+    NE = -7,            // 0 to -1000000
+
+    /*
+     * The positive exponent (PE) at and above which toString returns exponential notation.
+     * (JavaScript numbers: 21)
+     * 1000000 is the maximum recommended exponent value of a Big, but this limit is not enforced.
+     */
+    PE = 21,            // 0 to 1000000
+
+    /*
+     * When true, an error will be thrown if a primitive number is passed to the Big constructor,
+     * or if valueOf is called, or if toNumber is called on a Big which cannot be converted to a
+     * primitive number without a loss of precision.
+     */
+    STRICT = false,     // true or false
+
+
+/**************************************************************************************************/
+
+
+    // Error messages.
+    NAME = '[big.js] ',
+    INVALID = NAME + 'Invalid ',
+    INVALID_DP = INVALID + 'decimal places',
+    INVALID_RM = INVALID + 'rounding mode',
+    DIV_BY_ZERO = NAME + 'Division by zero',
+
+    // The shared prototype object.
+    P = {},
+    UNDEFINED = void 0,
+    NUMERIC = /^-?(\d+(\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(e[+-]?\d+)?$/i;
+
+
+  /*
+   * Create and return a Big constructor.
+   */
+  function _Big_() {
+
+    /*
+     * The Big constructor and exported function.
+     * Create and return a new instance of a Big number object.
+     *
+     * n {number|string|Big} A numeric value.
+     */
+    function Big(n) {
+      var x = this;
+
+      // Enable constructor usage without new.
+      if (!(x instanceof Big)) return n === UNDEFINED ? _Big_() : new Big(n);
+
+      // Duplicate.
+      if (n instanceof Big) {
+        x.s = n.s;
+        x.e = n.e;
+        x.c = n.c.slice();
+      } else {
+        if (typeof n !== 'string') {
+          if (Big.strict === true && typeof n !== 'bigint') {
+            throw TypeError(INVALID + 'value');
+          }
+
+          // Minus zero?
+          n = n === 0 && 1 / n < 0 ? '-0' : String(n);
+        }
+
+        parse(x, n);
+      }
+
+      // Retain a reference to this Big constructor.
+      // Shadow Big.prototype.constructor which points to Object.
+      x.constructor = Big;
+    }
+
+    Big.prototype = P;
+    Big.DP = DP;
+    Big.RM = RM;
+    Big.NE = NE;
+    Big.PE = PE;
+    Big.strict = STRICT;
+    Big.roundDown = 0;
+    Big.roundHalfUp = 1;
+    Big.roundHalfEven = 2;
+    Big.roundUp = 3;
+
+    return Big;
+  }
+
+
+  /*
+   * Parse the number or string value passed to a Big constructor.
+   *
+   * x {Big} A Big number instance.
+   * n {number|string} A numeric value.
+   */
+  function parse(x, n) {
+    var e, i, nl;
+
+    if (!NUMERIC.test(n)) {
+      throw Error(INVALID + 'number');
+    }
+
+    // Determine sign.
+    x.s = n.charAt(0) == '-' ? (n = n.slice(1), -1) : 1;
+
+    // Decimal point?
+    if ((e = n.indexOf('.')) > -1) n = n.replace('.', '');
+
+    // Exponential form?
+    if ((i = n.search(/e/i)) > 0) {
+
+      // Determine exponent.
+      if (e < 0) e = i;
+      e += +n.slice(i + 1);
+      n = n.substring(0, i);
+    } else if (e < 0) {
+
+      // Integer.
+      e = n.length;
+    }
+
+    nl = n.length;
+
+    // Determine leading zeros.
+    for (i = 0; i < nl && n.charAt(i) == '0';) ++i;
+
+    if (i == nl) {
+
+      // Zero.
+      x.c = [x.e = 0];
+    } else {
+
+      // Determine trailing zeros.
+      for (; nl > 0 && n.charAt(--nl) == '0';);
+      x.e = e - i - 1;
+      x.c = [];
+
+      // Convert string to array of digits without leading/trailing zeros.
+      for (e = 0; i <= nl;) x.c[e++] = +n.charAt(i++);
+    }
+
+    return x;
+  }
+
+
+  /*
+   * Round Big x to a maximum of sd significant digits using rounding mode rm.
+   *
+   * x {Big} The Big to round.
+   * sd {number} Significant digits: integer, 0 to MAX_DP inclusive.
+   * rm {number} Rounding mode: 0 (down), 1 (half-up), 2 (half-even) or 3 (up).
+   * [more] {boolean} Whether the result of division was truncated.
+   */
+  function round(x, sd, rm, more) {
+    var xc = x.c;
+
+    if (rm === UNDEFINED) rm = x.constructor.RM;
+    if (rm !== 0 && rm !== 1 && rm !== 2 && rm !== 3) {
+      throw Error(INVALID_RM);
+    }
+
+    if (sd < 1) {
+      more =
+        rm === 3 && (more || !!xc[0]) || sd === 0 && (
+        rm === 1 && xc[0] >= 5 ||
+        rm === 2 && (xc[0] > 5 || xc[0] === 5 && (more || xc[1] !== UNDEFINED))
+      );
+
+      xc.length = 1;
+
+      if (more) {
+
+        // 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 etc.
+        x.e = x.e - sd + 1;
+        xc[0] = 1;
+      } else {
+
+        // Zero.
+        xc[0] = x.e = 0;
+      }
+    } else if (sd < xc.length) {
+
+      // xc[sd] is the digit after the digit that may be rounded up.
+      more =
+        rm === 1 && xc[sd] >= 5 ||
+        rm === 2 && (xc[sd] > 5 || xc[sd] === 5 &&
+          (more || xc[sd + 1] !== UNDEFINED || xc[sd - 1] & 1)) ||
+        rm === 3 && (more || !!xc[0]);
+
+      // Remove any digits after the required precision.
+      xc.length = sd;
+
+      // Round up?
+      if (more) {
+
+        // Rounding up may mean the previous digit has to be rounded up.
+        for (; ++xc[--sd] > 9;) {
+          xc[sd] = 0;
+          if (sd === 0) {
+            ++x.e;
+            xc.unshift(1);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Remove trailing zeros.
+      for (sd = xc.length; !xc[--sd];) xc.pop();
+    }
+
+    return x;
+  }
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a string representing the value of Big x in normal or exponential notation.
+   * Handles P.toExponential, P.toFixed, P.toJSON, P.toPrecision, P.toString and P.valueOf.
+   */
+  function stringify(x, doExponential, isNonzero) {
+    var e = x.e,
+      s = x.c.join(''),
+      n = s.length;
+
+    // Exponential notation?
+    if (doExponential) {
+      s = s.charAt(0) + (n > 1 ? '.' + s.slice(1) : '') + (e < 0 ? 'e' : 'e+') + e;
+
+    // Normal notation.
+    } else if (e < 0) {
+      for (; ++e;) s = '0' + s;
+      s = '0.' + s;
+    } else if (e > 0) {
+      if (++e > n) {
+        for (e -= n; e--;) s += '0';
+      } else if (e < n) {
+        s = s.slice(0, e) + '.' + s.slice(e);
+      }
+    } else if (n > 1) {
+      s = s.charAt(0) + '.' + s.slice(1);
+    }
+
+    return x.s < 0 && isNonzero ? '-' + s : s;
+  }
+
+
+  // Prototype/instance methods
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a new Big whose value is the absolute value of this Big.
+   */
+  P.abs = function () {
+    var x = new this.constructor(this);
+    x.s = 1;
+    return x;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return 1 if the value of this Big is greater than the value of Big y,
+   *       -1 if the value of this Big is less than the value of Big y, or
+   *        0 if they have the same value.
+   */
+  P.cmp = function (y) {
+    var isneg,
+      x = this,
+      xc = x.c,
+      yc = (y = new x.constructor(y)).c,
+      i = x.s,
+      j = y.s,
+      k = x.e,
+      l = y.e;
+
+    // Either zero?
+    if (!xc[0] || !yc[0]) return !xc[0] ? !yc[0] ? 0 : -j : i;
+
+    // Signs differ?
+    if (i != j) return i;
+
+    isneg = i < 0;
+
+    // Compare exponents.
+    if (k != l) return k > l ^ isneg ? 1 : -1;
+
+    j = (k = xc.length) < (l = yc.length) ? k : l;
+
+    // Compare digit by digit.
+    for (i = -1; ++i < j;) {
+      if (xc[i] != yc[i]) return xc[i] > yc[i] ^ isneg ? 1 : -1;
+    }
+
+    // Compare lengths.
+    return k == l ? 0 : k > l ^ isneg ? 1 : -1;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big divided by the value of Big y, rounded,
+   * if necessary, to a maximum of Big.DP decimal places using rounding mode Big.RM.
+   */
+  P.div = function (y) {
+    var x = this,
+      Big = x.constructor,
+      a = x.c,                  // dividend
+      b = (y = new Big(y)).c,   // divisor
+      k = x.s == y.s ? 1 : -1,
+      dp = Big.DP;
+
+    if (dp !== ~~dp || dp < 0 || dp > MAX_DP) {
+      throw Error(INVALID_DP);
+    }
+
+    // Divisor is zero?
+    if (!b[0]) {
+      throw Error(DIV_BY_ZERO);
+    }
+
+    // Dividend is 0? Return +-0.
+    if (!a[0]) {
+      y.s = k;
+      y.c = [y.e = 0];
+      return y;
+    }
+
+    var bl, bt, n, cmp, ri,
+      bz = b.slice(),
+      ai = bl = b.length,
+      al = a.length,
+      r = a.slice(0, bl),   // remainder
+      rl = r.length,
+      q = y,                // quotient
+      qc = q.c = [],
+      qi = 0,
+      p = dp + (q.e = x.e - y.e) + 1;    // precision of the result
+
+    q.s = k;
+    k = p < 0 ? 0 : p;
+
+    // Create version of divisor with leading zero.
+    bz.unshift(0);
+
+    // Add zeros to make remainder as long as divisor.
+    for (; rl++ < bl;) r.push(0);
+
+    do {
+
+      // n is how many times the divisor goes into current remainder.
+      for (n = 0; n < 10; n++) {
+
+        // Compare divisor and remainder.
+        if (bl != (rl = r.length)) {
+          cmp = bl > rl ? 1 : -1;
+        } else {
+          for (ri = -1, cmp = 0; ++ri < bl;) {
+            if (b[ri] != r[ri]) {
+              cmp = b[ri] > r[ri] ? 1 : -1;
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        // If divisor < remainder, subtract divisor from remainder.
+        if (cmp < 0) {
+
+          // Remainder can't be more than 1 digit longer than divisor.
+          // Equalise lengths using divisor with extra leading zero?
+          for (bt = rl == bl ? b : bz; rl;) {
+            if (r[--rl] < bt[rl]) {
+              ri = rl;
+              for (; ri && !r[--ri];) r[ri] = 9;
+              --r[ri];
+              r[rl] += 10;
+            }
+            r[rl] -= bt[rl];
+          }
+
+          for (; !r[0];) r.shift();
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Add the digit n to the result array.
+      qc[qi++] = cmp ? n : ++n;
+
+      // Update the remainder.
+      if (r[0] && cmp) r[rl] = a[ai] || 0;
+      else r = [a[ai]];
+
+    } while ((ai++ < al || r[0] !== UNDEFINED) && k--);
+
+    // Leading zero? Do not remove if result is simply zero (qi == 1).
+    if (!qc[0] && qi != 1) {
+
+      // There can't be more than one zero.
+      qc.shift();
+      q.e--;
+      p--;
+    }
+
+    // Round?
+    if (qi > p) round(q, p, Big.RM, r[0] !== UNDEFINED);
+
+    return q;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return true if the value of this Big is equal to the value of Big y, otherwise return false.
+   */
+  P.eq = function (y) {
+    return this.cmp(y) === 0;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return true if the value of this Big is greater than the value of Big y, otherwise return
+   * false.
+   */
+  P.gt = function (y) {
+    return this.cmp(y) > 0;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return true if the value of this Big is greater than or equal to the value of Big y, otherwise
+   * return false.
+   */
+  P.gte = function (y) {
+    return this.cmp(y) > -1;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return true if the value of this Big is less than the value of Big y, otherwise return false.
+   */
+  P.lt = function (y) {
+    return this.cmp(y) < 0;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return true if the value of this Big is less than or equal to the value of Big y, otherwise
+   * return false.
+   */
+  P.lte = function (y) {
+    return this.cmp(y) < 1;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big minus the value of Big y.
+   */
+  P.minus = P.sub = function (y) {
+    var i, j, t, xlty,
+      x = this,
+      Big = x.constructor,
+      a = x.s,
+      b = (y = new Big(y)).s;
+
+    // Signs differ?
+    if (a != b) {
+      y.s = -b;
+      return x.plus(y);
+    }
+
+    var xc = x.c.slice(),
+      xe = x.e,
+      yc = y.c,
+      ye = y.e;
+
+    // Either zero?
+    if (!xc[0] || !yc[0]) {
+      if (yc[0]) {
+        y.s = -b;
+      } else if (xc[0]) {
+        y = new Big(x);
+      } else {
+        y.s = 1;
+      }
+      return y;
+    }
+
+    // Determine which is the bigger number. Prepend zeros to equalise exponents.
+    if (a = xe - ye) {
+
+      if (xlty = a < 0) {
+        a = -a;
+        t = xc;
+      } else {
+        ye = xe;
+        t = yc;
+      }
+
+      t.reverse();
+      for (b = a; b--;) t.push(0);
+      t.reverse();
+    } else {
+
+      // Exponents equal. Check digit by digit.
+      j = ((xlty = xc.length < yc.length) ? xc : yc).length;
+
+      for (a = b = 0; b < j; b++) {
+        if (xc[b] != yc[b]) {
+          xlty = xc[b] < yc[b];
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // x < y? Point xc to the array of the bigger number.
+    if (xlty) {
+      t = xc;
+      xc = yc;
+      yc = t;
+      y.s = -y.s;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Append zeros to xc if shorter. No need to add zeros to yc if shorter as subtraction only
+     * needs to start at yc.length.
+     */
+    if ((b = (j = yc.length) - (i = xc.length)) > 0) for (; b--;) xc[i++] = 0;
+
+    // Subtract yc from xc.
+    for (b = i; j > a;) {
+      if (xc[--j] < yc[j]) {
+        for (i = j; i && !xc[--i];) xc[i] = 9;
+        --xc[i];
+        xc[j] += 10;
+      }
+
+      xc[j] -= yc[j];
+    }
+
+    // Remove trailing zeros.
+    for (; xc[--b] === 0;) xc.pop();
+
+    // Remove leading zeros and adjust exponent accordingly.
+    for (; xc[0] === 0;) {
+      xc.shift();
+      --ye;
+    }
+
+    if (!xc[0]) {
+
+      // n - n = +0
+      y.s = 1;
+
+      // Result must be zero.
+      xc = [ye = 0];
+    }
+
+    y.c = xc;
+    y.e = ye;
+
+    return y;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big modulo the value of Big y.
+   */
+  P.mod = function (y) {
+    var ygtx,
+      x = this,
+      Big = x.constructor,
+      a = x.s,
+      b = (y = new Big(y)).s;
+
+    if (!y.c[0]) {
+      throw Error(DIV_BY_ZERO);
+    }
+
+    x.s = y.s = 1;
+    ygtx = y.cmp(x) == 1;
+    x.s = a;
+    y.s = b;
+
+    if (ygtx) return new Big(x);
+
+    a = Big.DP;
+    b = Big.RM;
+    Big.DP = Big.RM = 0;
+    x = x.div(y);
+    Big.DP = a;
+    Big.RM = b;
+
+    return this.minus(x.times(y));
+  };
+  
+  
+  /*
+   * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big negated.
+   */
+  P.neg = function () {
+    var x = new this.constructor(this);
+    x.s = -x.s;
+    return x;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big plus the value of Big y.
+   */
+  P.plus = P.add = function (y) {
+    var e, k, t,
+      x = this,
+      Big = x.constructor;
+
+    y = new Big(y);
+
+    // Signs differ?
+    if (x.s != y.s) {
+      y.s = -y.s;
+      return x.minus(y);
+    }
+
+    var xe = x.e,
+      xc = x.c,
+      ye = y.e,
+      yc = y.c;
+
+    // Either zero?
+    if (!xc[0] || !yc[0]) {
+      if (!yc[0]) {
+        if (xc[0]) {
+          y = new Big(x);
+        } else {
+          y.s = x.s;
+        }
+      }
+      return y;
+    }
+
+    xc = xc.slice();
+
+    // Prepend zeros to equalise exponents.
+    // Note: reverse faster than unshifts.
+    if (e = xe - ye) {
+      if (e > 0) {
+        ye = xe;
+        t = yc;
+      } else {
+        e = -e;
+        t = xc;
+      }
+
+      t.reverse();
+      for (; e--;) t.push(0);
+      t.reverse();
+    }
+
+    // Point xc to the longer array.
+    if (xc.length - yc.length < 0) {
+      t = yc;
+      yc = xc;
+      xc = t;
+    }
+
+    e = yc.length;
+
+    // Only start adding at yc.length - 1 as the further digits of xc can be left as they are.
+    for (k = 0; e; xc[e] %= 10) k = (xc[--e] = xc[e] + yc[e] + k) / 10 | 0;
+
+    // No need to check for zero, as +x + +y != 0 && -x + -y != 0
+
+    if (k) {
+      xc.unshift(k);
+      ++ye;
+    }
+
+    // Remove trailing zeros.
+    for (e = xc.length; xc[--e] === 0;) xc.pop();
+
+    y.c = xc;
+    y.e = ye;
+
+    return y;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a Big whose value is the value of this Big raised to the power n.
+   * If n is negative, round to a maximum of Big.DP decimal places using rounding
+   * mode Big.RM.
+   *
+   * n {number} Integer, -MAX_POWER to MAX_POWER inclusive.
+   */
+  P.pow = function (n) {
+    var x = this,
+      one = new x.constructor('1'),
+      y = one,
+      isneg = n < 0;
+
+    if (n !== ~~n || n < -MAX_POWER || n > MAX_POWER) {
+      throw Error(INVALID + 'exponent');
+    }
+
+    if (isneg) n = -n;
+
+    for (;;) {
+      if (n & 1) y = y.times(x);
+      n >>= 1;
+      if (!n) break;
+      x = x.times(x);
+    }
+
+    return isneg ? one.div(y) : y;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big rounded to a maximum precision of sd
+   * significant digits using rounding mode rm, or Big.RM if rm is not specified.
+   *
+   * sd {number} Significant digits: integer, 1 to MAX_DP inclusive.
+   * rm? {number} Rounding mode: 0 (down), 1 (half-up), 2 (half-even) or 3 (up).
+   */
+  P.prec = function (sd, rm) {
+    if (sd !== ~~sd || sd < 1 || sd > MAX_DP) {
+      throw Error(INVALID + 'precision');
+    }
+    return round(new this.constructor(this), sd, rm);
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big rounded to a maximum of dp decimal places
+   * using rounding mode rm, or Big.RM if rm is not specified.
+   * If dp is negative, round to an integer which is a multiple of 10**-dp.
+   * If dp is not specified, round to 0 decimal places.
+   *
+   * dp? {number} Integer, -MAX_DP to MAX_DP inclusive.
+   * rm? {number} Rounding mode: 0 (down), 1 (half-up), 2 (half-even) or 3 (up).
+   */
+  P.round = function (dp, rm) {
+    if (dp === UNDEFINED) dp = 0;
+    else if (dp !== ~~dp || dp < -MAX_DP || dp > MAX_DP) {
+      throw Error(INVALID_DP);
+    }
+    return round(new this.constructor(this), dp + this.e + 1, rm);
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a new Big whose value is the square root of the value of this Big, rounded, if
+   * necessary, to a maximum of Big.DP decimal places using rounding mode Big.RM.
+   */
+  P.sqrt = function () {
+    var r, c, t,
+      x = this,
+      Big = x.constructor,
+      s = x.s,
+      e = x.e,
+      half = new Big('0.5');
+
+    // Zero?
+    if (!x.c[0]) return new Big(x);
+
+    // Negative?
+    if (s < 0) {
+      throw Error(NAME + 'No square root');
+    }
+
+    // Estimate.
+    s = Math.sqrt(x + '');
+
+    // Math.sqrt underflow/overflow?
+    // Re-estimate: pass x coefficient to Math.sqrt as integer, then adjust the result exponent.
+    if (s === 0 || s === 1 / 0) {
+      c = x.c.join('');
+      if (!(c.length + e & 1)) c += '0';
+      s = Math.sqrt(c);
+      e = ((e + 1) / 2 | 0) - (e < 0 || e & 1);
+      r = new Big((s == 1 / 0 ? '5e' : (s = s.toExponential()).slice(0, s.indexOf('e') + 1)) + e);
+    } else {
+      r = new Big(s + '');
+    }
+
+    e = r.e + (Big.DP += 4);
+
+    // Newton-Raphson iteration.
+    do {
+      t = r;
+      r = half.times(t.plus(x.div(t)));
+    } while (t.c.slice(0, e).join('') !== r.c.slice(0, e).join(''));
+
+    return round(r, (Big.DP -= 4) + r.e + 1, Big.RM);
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a new Big whose value is the value of this Big times the value of Big y.
+   */
+  P.times = P.mul = function (y) {
+    var c,
+      x = this,
+      Big = x.constructor,
+      xc = x.c,
+      yc = (y = new Big(y)).c,
+      a = xc.length,
+      b = yc.length,
+      i = x.e,
+      j = y.e;
+
+    // Determine sign of result.
+    y.s = x.s == y.s ? 1 : -1;
+
+    // Return signed 0 if either 0.
+    if (!xc[0] || !yc[0]) {
+      y.c = [y.e = 0];
+      return y;
+    }
+
+    // Initialise exponent of result as x.e + y.e.
+    y.e = i + j;
+
+    // If array xc has fewer digits than yc, swap xc and yc, and lengths.
+    if (a < b) {
+      c = xc;
+      xc = yc;
+      yc = c;
+      j = a;
+      a = b;
+      b = j;
+    }
+
+    // Initialise coefficient array of result with zeros.
+    for (c = new Array(j = a + b); j--;) c[j] = 0;
+
+    // Multiply.
+
+    // i is initially xc.length.
+    for (i = b; i--;) {
+      b = 0;
+
+      // a is yc.length.
+      for (j = a + i; j > i;) {
+
+        // Current sum of products at this digit position, plus carry.
+        b = c[j] + yc[i] * xc[j - i - 1] + b;
+        c[j--] = b % 10;
+
+        // carry
+        b = b / 10 | 0;
+      }
+
+      c[j] = b;
+    }
+
+    // Increment result exponent if there is a final carry, otherwise remove leading zero.
+    if (b) ++y.e;
+    else c.shift();
+
+    // Remove trailing zeros.
+    for (i = c.length; !c[--i];) c.pop();
+    y.c = c;
+
+    return y;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a string representing the value of this Big in exponential notation rounded to dp fixed
+   * decimal places using rounding mode rm, or Big.RM if rm is not specified.
+   *
+   * dp? {number} Decimal places: integer, 0 to MAX_DP inclusive.
+   * rm? {number} Rounding mode: 0 (down), 1 (half-up), 2 (half-even) or 3 (up).
+   */
+  P.toExponential = function (dp, rm) {
+    var x = this,
+      n = x.c[0];
+
+    if (dp !== UNDEFINED) {
+      if (dp !== ~~dp || dp < 0 || dp > MAX_DP) {
+        throw Error(INVALID_DP);
+      }
+      x = round(new x.constructor(x), ++dp, rm);
+      for (; x.c.length < dp;) x.c.push(0);
+    }
+
+    return stringify(x, true, !!n);
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a string representing the value of this Big in normal notation rounded to dp fixed
+   * decimal places using rounding mode rm, or Big.RM if rm is not specified.
+   *
+   * dp? {number} Decimal places: integer, 0 to MAX_DP inclusive.
+   * rm? {number} Rounding mode: 0 (down), 1 (half-up), 2 (half-even) or 3 (up).
+   *
+   * (-0).toFixed(0) is '0', but (-0.1).toFixed(0) is '-0'.
+   * (-0).toFixed(1) is '0.0', but (-0.01).toFixed(1) is '-0.0'.
+   */
+  P.toFixed = function (dp, rm) {
+    var x = this,
+      n = x.c[0];
+
+    if (dp !== UNDEFINED) {
+      if (dp !== ~~dp || dp < 0 || dp > MAX_DP) {
+        throw Error(INVALID_DP);
+      }
+      x = round(new x.constructor(x), dp + x.e + 1, rm);
+
+      // x.e may have changed if the value is rounded up.
+      for (dp = dp + x.e + 1; x.c.length < dp;) x.c.push(0);
+    }
+
+    return stringify(x, false, !!n);
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a string representing the value of this Big.
+   * Return exponential notation if this Big has a positive exponent equal to or greater than
+   * Big.PE, or a negative exponent equal to or less than Big.NE.
+   * Omit the sign for negative zero.
+   */
+  P.toJSON = P.toString = function () {
+    var x = this,
+      Big = x.constructor;
+    return stringify(x, x.e <= Big.NE || x.e >= Big.PE, !!x.c[0]);
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return the value of this Big as a primitve number.
+   */
+  P.toNumber = function () {
+    var n = Number(stringify(this, true, true));
+    if (this.constructor.strict === true && !this.eq(n.toString())) {
+      throw Error(NAME + 'Imprecise conversion');
+    }
+    return n;
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a string representing the value of this Big rounded to sd significant digits using
+   * rounding mode rm, or Big.RM if rm is not specified.
+   * Use exponential notation if sd is less than the number of digits necessary to represent
+   * the integer part of the value in normal notation.
+   *
+   * sd {number} Significant digits: integer, 1 to MAX_DP inclusive.
+   * rm? {number} Rounding mode: 0 (down), 1 (half-up), 2 (half-even) or 3 (up).
+   */
+  P.toPrecision = function (sd, rm) {
+    var x = this,
+      Big = x.constructor,
+      n = x.c[0];
+
+    if (sd !== UNDEFINED) {
+      if (sd !== ~~sd || sd < 1 || sd > MAX_DP) {
+        throw Error(INVALID + 'precision');
+      }
+      x = round(new Big(x), sd, rm);
+      for (; x.c.length < sd;) x.c.push(0);
+    }
+
+    return stringify(x, sd <= x.e || x.e <= Big.NE || x.e >= Big.PE, !!n);
+  };
+
+
+  /*
+   * Return a string representing the value of this Big.
+   * Return exponential notation if this Big has a positive exponent equal to or greater than
+   * Big.PE, or a negative exponent equal to or less than Big.NE.
+   * Include the sign for negative zero.
+   */
+  P.valueOf = function () {
+    var x = this,
+      Big = x.constructor;
+    if (Big.strict === true) {
+      throw Error(NAME + 'valueOf disallowed');
+    }
+    return stringify(x, x.e <= Big.NE || x.e >= Big.PE, true);
+  };
+
+
+  // Export
+
+
+  Big = _Big_();
+
+  Big['default'] = Big.Big = Big;
+
+  //AMD.
+  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+    define(function () { return Big; });
+
+  // Node and other CommonJS-like environments that support module.exports.
+  } else if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
+    module.exports = Big;
+
+  //Browser.
+  } else {
+    GLOBAL.Big = Big;
+  }
+})(this);