@univerjs/engine-formula 1.0.0-alpha.8 → 1.0.0-beta.0

package/lib/cjs/index.js

@@ -1259,13 +1259,8 @@ var InvertedIndexCache = class {
 			const rowsForEmpty = columnMap.get(DEFAULT_EMPTY_CELL_KEY);
 			if (rowsForEmpty) rows.push(...rowsForEmpty);
 			result.matchingRows = rows.filter((row) => rowsInCache.some(([start, end]) => row >= start && row <= end));
-		} else if (_value === DEFAULT_EMPTY_CELL_KEY) {
-			var _columnMap$get;
-			result.matchingRows = Array.from((_columnMap$get = columnMap.get(DEFAULT_EMPTY_CELL_KEY)) !== null && _columnMap$get !== void 0 ? _columnMap$get : []).filter((row) => rowsInCache.some(([start, end]) => row >= start && row <= end));
-		} else {
-			var _columnMap$get2;
-			result.matchingRows = Array.from((_columnMap$get2 = columnMap.get(_value)) !== null && _columnMap$get2 !== void 0 ? _columnMap$get2 : []).filter((row) => rowsInCache.some(([start, end]) => row >= start && row <= end));
-		}
+		} else if (_value === DEFAULT_EMPTY_CELL_KEY) result.matchingRows = Array.from(columnMap.get(DEFAULT_EMPTY_CELL_KEY) ?? []).filter((row) => rowsInCache.some(([start, end]) => row >= start && row <= end));
+		else result.matchingRows = Array.from(columnMap.get(_value) ?? []).filter((row) => rowsInCache.some(([start, end]) => row >= start && row <= end));
 		return result;
 	}
 	setContinueBuildingCache(unitId, sheetId, column, startRow, endRow) {
@@ -1478,9 +1473,9 @@ const REFERENCE_REGEX_SINGLE_ROW = `^${UNIT_NAME_SHEET_NAME_REGEX}\\s*?\\${"$"}?
 const REFERENCE_REGEX_SINGLE_ROW_PRECOMPILING = new RegExp(REFERENCE_REGEX_SINGLE_ROW);
 const REFERENCE_REGEX_SINGLE_COLUMN = `^${UNIT_NAME_SHEET_NAME_REGEX}\\s*?\\${"$"}?${COLUMN_REGEX}$`;
 const REFERENCE_REGEX_SINGLE_COLUMN_PRECOMPILING = new RegExp(REFERENCE_REGEX_SINGLE_COLUMN);
-const TABLE_NAME_REGEX = "((?![~!@#$%^&*()_+<>?:,./;’，。、‘：“《》？~！@#￥%……（）【】\\[\\]\\/\\\\]).)+";
+const TABLE_NAME_REGEX = "((?![~!@#$%^&*()+<>?:,./;’，。、‘：“《》？~！@#￥%……（）【】\\[\\]\\/\\\\]).)+";
 const TABLE_TITLE_REGEX = "\\[#.+\\]\\s*?,\\s*?";
-const TABLE_CONTENT_REGEX = "\\[((?<!#)[\\s\\S])*\\]";
+const TABLE_CONTENT_REGEX = "\\[[^#]*#?\\]";
 const TABLE_MULTIPLE_COLUMN_REGEX = `${TABLE_CONTENT_REGEX}${RANGE_SYMBOL}${TABLE_CONTENT_REGEX}`;
 const TABLE_UNIT_QUALIFIER_REGEX = `(?:(?:${UNIT_NAME_REGEX}|'(?:[^']|'')+'|[^\\s!\\[\\]]+)!)?(?:${UNIT_NAME_REGEX})?`;
 const REFERENCE_TABLE_ALL_COLUMN_REGEX = `^${TABLE_UNIT_QUALIFIER_REGEX}${TABLE_NAME_REGEX}$`;
@@ -2099,7 +2094,6 @@ let DefinedNamesService = class DefinedNamesService extends _univerjs_core.Dispo
 		const nameMap = this._definedNameMap[unitId];
 		if (nameMap === void 0) return null;
 		if (sheetId) {
-			var _workbookScope;
 			const normalizedName = name.toLowerCase();
 			let workbookScope = null;
 			let firstMatch = null;
@@ -2111,7 +2105,7 @@ let DefinedNamesService = class DefinedNamesService extends _univerjs_core.Dispo
 					if (workbookScope == null) workbookScope = item;
 				}
 			}
-			return (_workbookScope = workbookScope) !== null && _workbookScope !== void 0 ? _workbookScope : firstMatch;
+			return workbookScope ?? firstMatch;
 		}
 		const cachedMap = this._nameCacheMap[unitId];
 		if (cachedMap) return cachedMap[name.toLowerCase()] || null;
@@ -2413,7 +2407,7 @@ var SuperTableService = class extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 	}
 	hasTable(unitId, tableName) {
 		const unitIdMap = this._tableMap.get(unitId);
-		if (unitIdMap) return unitIdMap.keys().some((name) => name.toLowerCase() === tableName.toLowerCase());
+		if (unitIdMap) return Array.from(unitIdMap.keys()).some((name) => name.toLowerCase() === tableName.toLowerCase());
 		return false;
 	}
 	_update() {
@@ -3823,9 +3817,11 @@ var LexerTreeBuilder = class extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 		return this._nodeMaker(formulaString);
 	}
 	treeBuilder(formulaString, transformSuffix = true, injectDefinedNameParam) {
-		if (transformSuffix === true) {
+		const isCacheable = !/\b(?:LET|LAMBDA)\s*\(/iu.test(formulaString);
+		const cacheKey = injectDefinedNameParam == null ? formulaString : `${injectDefinedNameParam.unitId ?? ""}\0${injectDefinedNameParam.sheetId ?? ""}\0${injectDefinedNameParam.refOffsetX}\0${injectDefinedNameParam.refOffsetY}\0${formulaString}`;
+		if (transformSuffix === true && isCacheable) {
 			var _this$_simpleCheckDef;
-			const lexerNode = FormulaLexerNodeCache.get(formulaString);
+			const lexerNode = FormulaLexerNodeCache.get(cacheKey);
 			const simpleCheckDefinedNameResult = injectDefinedNameParam && ((_this$_simpleCheckDef = this._simpleCheckDefinedName) === null || _this$_simpleCheckDef === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_simpleCheckDef.call(this, formulaString, injectDefinedNameParam));
 			if (lexerNode && !simpleCheckDefinedNameResult) return lexerNode;
 		}
@@ -3857,13 +3853,13 @@ var LexerTreeBuilder = class extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 		if (node) this._currentLexerNode = node;
 		if (transformSuffix) {
 			if (!this._suffixExpressionHandler(this._currentLexerNode)) return "#VALUE!";
-			FormulaLexerNodeCache.set(formulaString, this._currentLexerNode);
+			if (isCacheable) FormulaLexerNodeCache.set(cacheKey, this._currentLexerNode);
 		}
 		if (currentHasDefinedName) this._currentLexerNode.setDefinedNames(currentDefinedNames);
 		return this._currentLexerNode;
 	}
 	_handleDefinedName(sequenceArray, param) {
-		const { unitId, sheetId, getValueByName, getSheetName } = param;
+		const { unitId, sheetId, hasFunction, getValueByName } = param;
 		if (unitId == null) return {
 			sequenceString: "",
 			hasDefinedName: false,
@@ -3882,11 +3878,19 @@ var LexerTreeBuilder = class extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 			const { nodeType, token: tokenRaw } = node;
 			let token = tokenRaw;
 			if (nodeType === 4 || nodeType === 3) {
-				if (nodeType === 3) token = this._getHasSheetNameDefinedName(tokenRaw, unitId, param);
+				if (nodeType === 3) {
+					const nextNode = sequenceNodes[i + 1];
+					if (typeof nextNode === "string" && nextNode.trim() === "(" && hasFunction(tokenRaw.trim().toUpperCase())) {
+						sequenceString += tokenRaw;
+						continue;
+					}
+					token = this._getHasSheetNameDefinedName(tokenRaw, unitId, param);
+				}
 				const definedNameToken = token.trim();
 				const definedContent = getValueByName(unitId, definedNameToken, sheetId);
 				if (definedContent) {
-					const refString = definedContent.formulaOrRefString;
+					const refOffsetX = definedContent.localSheetId === "AllDefaultWorkbook" ? param.refOffsetX - 1 : param.refOffsetX;
+					const refString = definedContent.formulaOrRefString.startsWith("=") ? definedContent.formulaOrRefString : this._moveDefinedNameRefOffset(definedContent.formulaOrRefString, refOffsetX, param.refOffsetY);
 					const nestedDefinedNameParam = this._handleNestedDefinedName(refString, param);
 					if (nestedDefinedNameParam == null || typeof nestedDefinedNameParam !== "object") {
 						sequenceString += nestedDefinedNameParam || "#NAME?";
@@ -3913,6 +3917,28 @@ var LexerTreeBuilder = class extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 			definedNames
 		};
 	}
+	_moveDefinedNameRefOffset(formulaString, refOffsetX, refOffsetY) {
+		const sequenceNodes = this.sequenceNodesBuilder(formulaString);
+		if (sequenceNodes == null) return formulaString;
+		return generateStringWithSequence(sequenceNodes.map((node) => {
+			if (typeof node === "string" || node.nodeType !== 4) return node;
+			const sequenceGrid = deserializeRangeWithSheetWithCache(node.token);
+			const range = (0, _univerjs_core.moveRangeByOffset)(sequenceGrid.range, refOffsetX, refOffsetY);
+			const wrap = (value, limit) => (value % limit + limit) % limit;
+			range.startRow = wrap(range.startRow, _univerjs_core.MAX_ROW_COUNT);
+			range.endRow = wrap(range.endRow, _univerjs_core.MAX_ROW_COUNT);
+			range.startColumn = wrap(range.startColumn, _univerjs_core.MAX_COLUMN_COUNT);
+			range.endColumn = wrap(range.endColumn, _univerjs_core.MAX_COLUMN_COUNT);
+			return {
+				...node,
+				token: serializeRangeToRefString({
+					range,
+					unitId: sequenceGrid.unitId,
+					sheetName: sequenceGrid.sheetName
+				})
+			};
+		}));
+	}
 	_getHasSheetNameDefinedName(tokenRaw, unitId, param) {
 		if (!tokenRaw.includes("!")) return tokenRaw;
 		const parts = tokenRaw.split("!");
@@ -4339,7 +4365,7 @@ var LexerTreeBuilder = class extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 				}
 				this._resetSegment();
 				continue;
-			} else if (currentString === "(" && this.isSingleQuotationClose() && this.isDoubleQuotationClose()) if (this._segmentCount() > 0 || this.isLambdaOpen()) {
+			} else if (currentString === "(" && this.isSingleQuotationClose() && this.isDoubleQuotationClose() && this.isSquareBracketClose()) if (this._segmentCount() > 0 || this.isLambdaOpen()) {
 				if (this.isLambdaClose()) {
 					this._newAndPushCurrentLexerNode(this._segment, cur);
 					this._resetSegment();
@@ -4367,7 +4393,7 @@ var LexerTreeBuilder = class extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 				this._openBracketNormalIndex();
 				this._resetSegment();
 			}
-			else if (currentString === ")" && this.isSingleQuotationClose() && this.isDoubleQuotationClose()) {
+			else if (currentString === ")" && this.isSingleQuotationClose() && this.isDoubleQuotationClose() && this.isSquareBracketClose()) {
 				if (this._formulaErrorLastTokenCheck(formulaChars, cur - 1)) this._formalErrorOccurred();
 				this._pushNodeToChildren(this._segment);
 				this._resetSegment();
@@ -5095,13 +5121,13 @@ let FormulaDataModel = class FormulaDataModel extends _univerjs_core.Disposable
 					const recordId = recordOrder[row];
 					if (!table.records[recordId]) continue;
 					for (let col = 0; col < table.fieldOrder.length; col++) {
-						var _field$config$formula, _field$config, _row, _tableFormulaData$_ro;
+						var _field$config;
 						const fieldId = table.fieldOrder[col];
 						const field = table.fields[fieldId];
 						if (!field || field.type !== "formula") continue;
-						const formula = String((_field$config$formula = (_field$config = field.config) === null || _field$config === void 0 ? void 0 : _field$config.formula) !== null && _field$config$formula !== void 0 ? _field$config$formula : "").trim();
+						const formula = String(((_field$config = field.config) === null || _field$config === void 0 ? void 0 : _field$config.formula) ?? "").trim();
 						if (!formula) continue;
-						(_tableFormulaData$_ro = tableFormulaData[_row = row]) !== null && _tableFormulaData$_ro !== void 0 || (tableFormulaData[_row] = {});
+						tableFormulaData[row] ??= {};
 						tableFormulaData[row][col] = {
 							f: normalizeBaseFormulaForEngine(formula, table, snapshot),
 							si: field.id
@@ -5232,10 +5258,10 @@ let FormulaDataModel = class FormulaDataModel extends _univerjs_core.Disposable
 			const baseData = {};
 			const tableNameMap = {};
 			for (const table of Object.values(snapshot.tables)) {
-				var _table$recordOrder$le, _table$recordOrder;
+				var _table$recordOrder;
 				baseData[table.id] = {
 					cellData: new _univerjs_core.ObjectMatrix(buildBaseRuntimeCellData(table)),
-					rowCount: (_table$recordOrder$le = (_table$recordOrder = table.recordOrder) === null || _table$recordOrder === void 0 ? void 0 : _table$recordOrder.length) !== null && _table$recordOrder$le !== void 0 ? _table$recordOrder$le : 0,
+					rowCount: ((_table$recordOrder = table.recordOrder) === null || _table$recordOrder === void 0 ? void 0 : _table$recordOrder.length) ?? 0,
 					columnCount: table.fieldOrder.length,
 					rowData: {},
 					columnData: {}
@@ -5278,7 +5304,7 @@ let FormulaDataModel = class FormulaDataModel extends _univerjs_core.Disposable
 		return rowData;
 	}
 	updateFormulaData(unitId, sheetId, cellValue) {
-		var _this$_univerInstance, _formulaData$unitId$s, _formulaData$unitId;
+		var _this$_univerInstance, _formulaData$unitId;
 		const cellMatrix = new _univerjs_core.ObjectMatrix(cellValue);
 		const newSheetFormulaDataMatrix = new _univerjs_core.ObjectMatrix();
 		const worksheetCellMatrix = (_this$_univerInstance = this._univerInstanceService.getUnit(unitId)) === null || _this$_univerInstance === void 0 || (_this$_univerInstance = _this$_univerInstance.getSheetBySheetId(sheetId)) === null || _this$_univerInstance === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_univerInstance.getCellMatrix();
@@ -5313,7 +5339,7 @@ let FormulaDataModel = class FormulaDataModel extends _univerjs_core.Disposable
 		const formulaData = {};
 		initSheetFormulaData(formulaData, unitId, sheetId, sharedFormulaCellMatrix);
 		const deleteFormulaIdMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-		const sheetFormulaDataMatrix = new _univerjs_core.ObjectMatrix((_formulaData$unitId$s = (_formulaData$unitId = formulaData[unitId]) === null || _formulaData$unitId === void 0 ? void 0 : _formulaData$unitId[sheetId]) !== null && _formulaData$unitId$s !== void 0 ? _formulaData$unitId$s : {});
+		const sheetFormulaDataMatrix = new _univerjs_core.ObjectMatrix(((_formulaData$unitId = formulaData[unitId]) === null || _formulaData$unitId === void 0 ? void 0 : _formulaData$unitId[sheetId]) ?? {});
 		cellMatrix.forValue((r, c, cell) => {
 			var _worksheetCellMatrix$;
 			if (!(0, _univerjs_core.isFormulaId)(worksheetCellMatrix === null || worksheetCellMatrix === void 0 || (_worksheetCellMatrix$ = worksheetCellMatrix.getValue(r, c)) === null || _worksheetCellMatrix$ === void 0 ? void 0 : _worksheetCellMatrix$.si) && !(0, _univerjs_core.isFormulaId)(cell === null || cell === void 0 ? void 0 : cell.si)) return;
@@ -5510,7 +5536,7 @@ let FormulaDataModel = class FormulaDataModel extends _univerjs_core.Disposable
 			if ((0, _univerjs_core.isFormulaString)(cell === null || cell === void 0 ? void 0 : cell.f) && (0, _univerjs_core.isFormulaId)(formulaId)) formulaIds.add(String(formulaId));
 		});
 		cellMatrix.forValue((row, column, cell) => {
-			var _arrayFormulaRangeMat, _this$_arrayFormulaRa7, _arrayFormulaCellData, _this$_arrayFormulaCe5;
+			var _this$_arrayFormulaRa7, _this$_arrayFormulaCe5;
 			const ref = cell === null || cell === void 0 ? void 0 : cell.ref;
 			const formula = cell === null || cell === void 0 ? void 0 : cell.f;
 			const formulaId = cell === null || cell === void 0 ? void 0 : cell.si;
@@ -5522,8 +5548,8 @@ let FormulaDataModel = class FormulaDataModel extends _univerjs_core.Disposable
 			if (range.startRow === row && range.endRow === row && range.startColumn === column && range.endColumn === column && !isArrayConstantFormula(formula)) return true;
 			if (!this._arrayFormulaRange[unitId]) this._arrayFormulaRange[unitId] = {};
 			if (!this._arrayFormulaCellData[unitId]) this._arrayFormulaCellData[unitId] = {};
-			(_arrayFormulaRangeMat = arrayFormulaRangeMatrix) !== null && _arrayFormulaRangeMat !== void 0 || (arrayFormulaRangeMatrix = new _univerjs_core.ObjectMatrix((_this$_arrayFormulaRa7 = this._arrayFormulaRange[unitId]) === null || _this$_arrayFormulaRa7 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_arrayFormulaRa7[sheetId]));
-			(_arrayFormulaCellData = arrayFormulaCellDataMatrix) !== null && _arrayFormulaCellData !== void 0 || (arrayFormulaCellDataMatrix = new _univerjs_core.ObjectMatrix((_this$_arrayFormulaCe5 = this._arrayFormulaCellData[unitId]) === null || _this$_arrayFormulaCe5 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_arrayFormulaCe5[sheetId]));
+			arrayFormulaRangeMatrix ??= new _univerjs_core.ObjectMatrix((_this$_arrayFormulaRa7 = this._arrayFormulaRange[unitId]) === null || _this$_arrayFormulaRa7 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_arrayFormulaRa7[sheetId]);
+			arrayFormulaCellDataMatrix ??= new _univerjs_core.ObjectMatrix((_this$_arrayFormulaCe5 = this._arrayFormulaCellData[unitId]) === null || _this$_arrayFormulaCe5 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_arrayFormulaCe5[sheetId]);
 			if (arrayFormulaRangeMatrix.getValue(row, column) == null) arrayFormulaRangeMatrix.setValue(row, column, range);
 			for (let r = range.startRow; r <= range.endRow; r++) for (let c = range.startColumn; c <= range.endColumn; c++) {
 				if (arrayFormulaCellDataMatrix.getValue(r, c) != null) continue;
@@ -5595,11 +5621,8 @@ function normalizeBaseFormulaForEngine(formula, currentTable, snapshot) {
 	};
 	return protectBaseExternalReferences(formula, hold).replace(BASE_LEGACY_FIELD_REF_PATTERN, (_match, fieldName) => hold(createEngineThisRowRef(currentTable, fieldName, snapshot))).replace(BASE_TABLE_FIELD_REF_PATTERN, (_match, sourceTableName, fieldName) => {
 		const targetTable = resolveBaseFormulaTable(sourceTableName, currentTable, snapshot);
-		return targetTable ? hold(createEngineThisRowRef(targetTable, fieldName, snapshot)) : `${sourceTableName}[${fieldName}]`;
-	}).replace(BASE_BRACKET_FIELD_REF_PATTERN, (_match, prefix, fieldName) => `${prefix}${hold(createEngineThisRowRef(currentTable, fieldName, snapshot))}`).replace(/__BASE_FORMULA_REF_(\d+)__/g, (_match, index) => {
-		var _refs$Number;
-		return (_refs$Number = refs[Number(index)]) !== null && _refs$Number !== void 0 ? _refs$Number : "";
-	});
+		return targetTable ? hold(createEngineColumnRef(targetTable, fieldName, snapshot)) : `${sourceTableName}[${fieldName}]`;
+	}).replace(BASE_BRACKET_FIELD_REF_PATTERN, (_match, prefix, fieldName) => `${prefix}${hold(createEngineThisRowRef(currentTable, fieldName, snapshot))}`).replace(/__BASE_FORMULA_REF_(\d+)__/g, (_match, index) => refs[Number(index)] ?? "");
 }
 function protectBaseExternalReferences(formula, replace) {
 	return protectBaseExternalStructuredReferences(formula.replace(BASE_EXTERNAL_A1_REF_PATTERN, (reference, offset) => isInsideBaseFormulaString(formula, offset) ? reference : replace(reference)), replace);
@@ -5651,6 +5674,9 @@ function isInsideBaseFormulaString(formula, position) {
 function createEngineThisRowRef(table, fieldName, snapshot) {
 	return `${getEngineBaseTableName(table, snapshot)}[[#This Row],[${fieldName}]]`;
 }
+function createEngineColumnRef(table, fieldName, snapshot) {
+	return `${getEngineBaseTableName(table, snapshot)}[[#Data],[${fieldName}]]`;
+}
 function getEngineBaseTableName(table, snapshot) {
 	const tables = Object.values(snapshot.tables);
 	let sameNameCount = 0;
@@ -5675,8 +5701,7 @@ function buildBaseRuntimeCellData(table) {
 			if (table.records[recordId]) recordOrder.push(recordId);
 		}
 	} else {
-		var _table$records;
-		const allRecords = Object.values((_table$records = table.records) !== null && _table$records !== void 0 ? _table$records : {});
+		const allRecords = Object.values(table.records ?? {});
 		const records = [];
 		for (let i = 0; i < allRecords.length; i++) {
 			const record = allRecords[i];
@@ -5695,9 +5720,8 @@ function buildBaseRuntimeCellData(table) {
 		if (!record) continue;
 		cellData[row] = { ...cellData[row] };
 		for (let col = 0; col < fieldOrder.length; col++) {
-			var _record$values;
 			const fieldId = fieldOrder[col];
-			if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call((_record$values = record.values) !== null && _record$values !== void 0 ? _record$values : {}, fieldId)) continue;
+			if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(record.values ?? {}, fieldId)) continue;
 			cellData[row][col] = toBaseRuntimeCellData(record.values[fieldId], table.fields[fieldId]);
 		}
 	}
@@ -5714,10 +5738,9 @@ function toBaseRuntimeCellData(value, field) {
 		t: _univerjs_core.CellValueType.STRING
 	};
 	if ((field === null || field === void 0 ? void 0 : field.type) === "link" && value && typeof value === "object") {
-		var _ref, _link$text;
 		const link = value;
 		return {
-			v: String((_ref = (_link$text = link.text) !== null && _link$text !== void 0 ? _link$text : link.url) !== null && _ref !== void 0 ? _ref : ""),
+			v: String(link.text ?? link.url ?? ""),
 			t: _univerjs_core.CellValueType.STRING
 		};
 	}
@@ -5731,8 +5754,7 @@ function toBaseRuntimeCellData(value, field) {
 	};
 }
 function normalizeBaseCellData(cell) {
-	var _cell$v;
-	const type = inferBaseRuntimeCellType((_cell$v = cell.v) !== null && _cell$v !== void 0 ? _cell$v : null);
+	const type = inferBaseRuntimeCellType(cell.v ?? null);
 	return {
 		...cell,
 		t: type
@@ -5784,9 +5806,8 @@ var SheetRowFilteredService = class extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 		this._getRowFilteredCallback = callback;
 	}
 	getRowFiltered(unitId, subUnitId, row) {
-		var _this$_getRowFiltered;
 		if (!this._getRowFilteredCallback) return false;
-		return (_this$_getRowFiltered = this._getRowFilteredCallback(unitId, subUnitId, row)) !== null && _this$_getRowFiltered !== void 0 ? _this$_getRowFiltered : false;
+		return this._getRowFilteredCallback(unitId, subUnitId, row) ?? false;
 	}
 };
 const ISheetRowFilteredService = (0, _univerjs_core.createIdentifier)("univer.formula.sheet-row-filtered.service");
@@ -5919,7 +5940,6 @@ let FormulaCurrentConfigService = class FormulaCurrentConfigService extends _uni
 		return this._localeService.getCurrentLocale();
 	}
 	getSheetsInfo() {
-		var _this$_sheetIdToNameM;
 		const workbook = this._univerInstanceService.getCurrentUnitOfType(_univerjs_core.UniverInstanceType.UNIVER_SHEET);
 		if (!workbook) return {
 			sheetOrder: [],
@@ -5928,7 +5948,7 @@ let FormulaCurrentConfigService = class FormulaCurrentConfigService extends _uni
 		const { id, sheetOrder } = workbook.getSnapshot();
 		return {
 			sheetOrder,
-			sheetNameMap: (_this$_sheetIdToNameM = this._sheetIdToNameMap[id]) !== null && _this$_sheetIdToNameM !== void 0 ? _this$_sheetIdToNameM : {}
+			sheetNameMap: this._sheetIdToNameMap[id] ?? {}
 		};
 	}
 	getSheetRowColumnCount(unitId, sheetId) {
@@ -5955,7 +5975,6 @@ let FormulaCurrentConfigService = class FormulaCurrentConfigService extends _uni
 		return filteredOutRows;
 	}
 	load(config) {
-		var _config$externalRefer;
 		this._calculationGeneration++;
 		if (config.allUnitData && config.unitSheetNameMap && config.unitStylesData) {
 			this._unitData = config.allUnitData;
@@ -5981,7 +6000,7 @@ let FormulaCurrentConfigService = class FormulaCurrentConfigService extends _uni
 		this._dirtySuperTableMap = config.dirtySuperTableMap || {};
 		this._dirtyUnitFeatureMap = config.dirtyUnitFeatureMap;
 		this._dirtyUnitOtherFormulaMap = config.dirtyUnitOtherFormulaMap;
-		this._externalReferences = (_config$externalRefer = config.externalReferences) !== null && _config$externalRefer !== void 0 ? _config$externalRefer : {};
+		this._externalReferences = config.externalReferences ?? {};
 		this._excludedCell = config.excludedCell;
 		this._mergeNameMap(this._sheetNameMap, this._dirtyNameMap);
 	}
@@ -6045,13 +6064,12 @@ let FormulaCurrentConfigService = class FormulaCurrentConfigService extends _uni
 		});
 	}
 	_loadSheetData() {
-		var _workbook$getUnitId, _worksheet$getSheetId;
 		const workbook = this._univerInstanceService.getCurrentUnitOfType(_univerjs_core.UniverInstanceType.UNIVER_SHEET);
 		const worksheet = workbook === null || workbook === void 0 ? void 0 : workbook.getActiveSheet();
 		const base = workbook ? null : this._univerInstanceService.getCurrentUnitOfType(_univerjs_core.UniverInstanceType.UNIVER_BASE);
 		const table = base ? getFirstBaseTable(base.getSnapshot().tables, base.getSnapshot().tableOrder) : null;
-		this._executeUnitId = (_workbook$getUnitId = workbook === null || workbook === void 0 ? void 0 : workbook.getUnitId()) !== null && _workbook$getUnitId !== void 0 ? _workbook$getUnitId : base === null || base === void 0 ? void 0 : base.getUnitId();
-		this._executeSubUnitId = (_worksheet$getSheetId = worksheet === null || worksheet === void 0 ? void 0 : worksheet.getSheetId()) !== null && _worksheet$getSheetId !== void 0 ? _worksheet$getSheetId : table === null || table === void 0 ? void 0 : table.id;
+		this._executeUnitId = (workbook === null || workbook === void 0 ? void 0 : workbook.getUnitId()) ?? (base === null || base === void 0 ? void 0 : base.getUnitId());
+		this._executeSubUnitId = (worksheet === null || worksheet === void 0 ? void 0 : worksheet.getSheetId()) ?? (table === null || table === void 0 ? void 0 : table.id);
 		return this._formulaDataModel.getCalculateData();
 	}
 	/**
@@ -6083,29 +6101,334 @@ FormulaCurrentConfigService = __decorate([
 	__decorateParam(3, (0, _univerjs_core.Inject)(ISheetRowFilteredService))
 ], FormulaCurrentConfigService);
 function getFirstBaseTable(tables, tableOrder) {
-	var _Object$values$;
 	for (const tableId of tableOrder) {
 		const table = tables[tableId];
 		if (table) return table;
 	}
-	return (_Object$values$ = Object.values(tables)[0]) !== null && _Object$values$ !== void 0 ? _Object$values$ : null;
+	return Object.values(tables)[0] ?? null;
 }
 const IFormulaCurrentConfigService = (0, _univerjs_core.createIdentifier)("univer.formula.current-data.service");
 
+//#endregion
+//#region src/engine/ast-node/node-type.ts
+const NODE_ORDER_MAP = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map([
+	[1, 7],
+	[2, 9],
+	[3, 8],
+	[4, 6],
+	[5, 1],
+	[6, 2],
+	[9, 10],
+	[10, 3],
+	[11, 4],
+	[12, 5]
+]);
+
+//#endregion
+//#region src/engine/ast-node/base-ast-node.ts
+var BaseAstNode = class {
+	constructor(_token) {
+		this._token = _token;
+		_defineProperty(this, "_children", []);
+		_defineProperty(this, "_definedNames", void 0);
+		_defineProperty(this, "_parent", void 0);
+		_defineProperty(this, "_valueObject", void 0);
+		_defineProperty(this, "_calculateState", false);
+		_defineProperty(this, "_async", false);
+		_defineProperty(this, "_address", false);
+		_defineProperty(this, "_isForcedCalculateFunction", false);
+	}
+	dispose() {
+		var _this$_valueObject;
+		this._children.forEach((node) => {
+			node.dispose();
+		});
+		(_this$_valueObject = this._valueObject) === null || _this$_valueObject === void 0 || _this$_valueObject.dispose();
+		this._valueObject = null;
+		this._children = [];
+		this._definedNames = null;
+		this._parent = null;
+	}
+	get nodeType() {
+		return 8;
+	}
+	resetCalculationState() {
+		this._children.forEach((node) => {
+			node.resetCalculationState();
+		});
+		this._valueObject = null;
+		this._calculateState = false;
+	}
+	isAsync() {
+		return this._async;
+	}
+	isAddress() {
+		return this._address;
+	}
+	isForcedCalculateFunction() {
+		return this._isForcedCalculateFunction;
+	}
+	setAsync() {
+		this._async = true;
+	}
+	setAddress() {
+		this._address = true;
+	}
+	getParent() {
+		return this._parent;
+	}
+	setParent(node) {
+		this._parent = node;
+		node.addChildren(this);
+	}
+	setForcedCalculateFunction() {
+		this._isForcedCalculateFunction = true;
+	}
+	getChildren() {
+		return this._children;
+	}
+	addChildren(...astNode) {
+		this._children.push(...astNode);
+	}
+	getToken() {
+		return this._token;
+	}
+	setValue(value) {
+		this._valueObject = value;
+	}
+	getValue() {
+		return this._valueObject;
+	}
+	preservesLazyIfReferenceArray(_child) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	isCalculated() {
+		return this._calculateState;
+	}
+	setCalculated() {
+		this._calculateState = true;
+	}
+	execute() {}
+	setNotEmpty(state = true) {}
+	async executeAsync() {
+		return Promise.resolve(0);
+	}
+	serialize() {
+		const token = this.getToken();
+		const children = this.getChildren();
+		const childrenSerialization = [];
+		const childrenCount = children.length;
+		for (let i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
+			const item = children[i];
+			childrenSerialization.push(item.serialize());
+		}
+		const result = {
+			token,
+			nodeType: this.nodeType
+		};
+		if (childrenCount > 0) result.children = childrenSerialization;
+		return result;
+	}
+	hasDefinedName(definedName) {
+		var _this$_definedNames;
+		return ((_this$_definedNames = this._definedNames) === null || _this$_definedNames === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_definedNames.includes(definedName)) || false;
+	}
+	setDefinedNames(definedNames) {
+		this._definedNames = definedNames;
+	}
+	getDefinedNames() {
+		return this._definedNames;
+	}
+};
+var ErrorNode = class ErrorNode extends BaseAstNode {
+	constructor(errorType) {
+		super(errorType);
+		_defineProperty(this, "_errorValueObject", void 0);
+		this._errorValueObject = ErrorValueObject.create(errorType);
+	}
+	get nodeType() {
+		return 7;
+	}
+	static create(errorType) {
+		return new ErrorNode(errorType);
+	}
+	getValue() {
+		return this._errorValueObject;
+	}
+};
+
+//#endregion
+//#region src/engine/utils/generate-ast-node.ts
+const FORMULA_CACHE_LRU_COUNT$1 = 5e3;
+const FORMULA_AST_CACHE = new FormulaAstLRU(FORMULA_CACHE_LRU_COUNT$1);
+const DIRTY_DEFINED_NAME_SET_CACHE = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+const DIRTY_SUPER_TABLE_PATTERN_CACHE = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+function generateAstNode(unitId, formulaString, lexer, astTreeBuilder, currentConfigService, subUnitId, definedNameRefOffsetX = 0, definedNameRefOffsetY = 0) {
+	if (subUnitId) {
+		currentConfigService.setExecuteUnitId(unitId);
+		currentConfigService.setExecuteSubUnitId(subUnitId);
+	}
+	const cacheKey = `${unitId}:${subUnitId ?? currentConfigService.getExecuteSubUnitId() ?? ""}:${definedNameRefOffsetX}:${definedNameRefOffsetY}:${formulaString}`;
+	let astNode = FORMULA_AST_CACHE.get(cacheKey);
+	if (!(checkIsChangedByDefinedName(unitId, formulaString, currentConfigService) || checkIsChangedBySuperTable(unitId, formulaString, currentConfigService)) && astNode && !isDirtyDefinedForNode(astNode, currentConfigService, unitId)) return astNode;
+	const lexerNode = lexer.treeBuilder(formulaString, true, unitId, definedNameRefOffsetX, definedNameRefOffsetY);
+	if (ERROR_TYPE_SET.has(lexerNode)) return ErrorNode.create(lexerNode);
+	astNode = astTreeBuilder.parse(lexerNode);
+	if (astNode == null) {
+		console.error("generateAstNode astNode is null");
+		return ErrorNode.create(lexerNode);
+	}
+	FORMULA_AST_CACHE.set(cacheKey, astNode);
+	return astNode;
+}
+function checkIsChangedByDefinedName(unitId, formula, currentConfigService) {
+	const unitDefinedNameMap = currentConfigService.getDirtyDefinedNameMap()[unitId];
+	if (unitDefinedNameMap == null) return false;
+	return getNormalizedDirtyDefinedNameSet(unitDefinedNameMap).has(normalizeFormulaText(formula));
+}
+function normalizeFormulaText(formula) {
+	return formula.startsWith("=") ? formula.slice(1) : formula;
+}
+function checkIsChangedBySuperTable(unitId, formula, currentConfigService) {
+	var _currentConfigService;
+	const getDirtySuperTableMap = (_currentConfigService = currentConfigService.getDirtySuperTableMap) === null || _currentConfigService === void 0 ? void 0 : _currentConfigService.bind(currentConfigService);
+	const changedSuperTableMap = getDirtySuperTableMap === null || getDirtySuperTableMap === void 0 ? void 0 : getDirtySuperTableMap();
+	const unitSuperTableMap = changedSuperTableMap === null || changedSuperTableMap === void 0 ? void 0 : changedSuperTableMap[unitId];
+	if (unitSuperTableMap == null) return false;
+	const tableReferencePattern = getDirtySuperTableReferencePattern(unitSuperTableMap);
+	return (tableReferencePattern === null || tableReferencePattern === void 0 ? void 0 : tableReferencePattern.test(normalizeFormulaText(formula))) ?? false;
+}
+function getNormalizedDirtyDefinedNameSet(unitDefinedNameMap) {
+	let normalizedNameSet = DIRTY_DEFINED_NAME_SET_CACHE.get(unitDefinedNameMap);
+	if (normalizedNameSet == null) {
+		normalizedNameSet = new Set(Object.keys(unitDefinedNameMap).map(normalizeFormulaText));
+		DIRTY_DEFINED_NAME_SET_CACHE.set(unitDefinedNameMap, normalizedNameSet);
+	}
+	return normalizedNameSet;
+}
+function getDirtySuperTableReferencePattern(unitSuperTableMap) {
+	let tableReferencePattern = DIRTY_SUPER_TABLE_PATTERN_CACHE.get(unitSuperTableMap);
+	if (tableReferencePattern === void 0) {
+		const tableNames = Object.keys(unitSuperTableMap).filter((tableName) => tableName.length > 0);
+		tableReferencePattern = tableNames.length > 0 ? _univerjs_core.regexp.createRegExpFromSafeFragment(`(^|[^A-Za-z0-9_])${_univerjs_core.regexp.or(...tableNames)}(\\s*\\[|$|[^A-Za-z0-9_])`, "i") : null;
+		DIRTY_SUPER_TABLE_PATTERN_CACHE.set(unitSuperTableMap, tableReferencePattern);
+	}
+	return tableReferencePattern;
+}
+function isDirtyDefinedForNode(node, currentConfigService, unitId) {
+	const definedNameMap = currentConfigService.getDirtyDefinedNameMap();
+	const executeUnitId = unitId;
+	if (executeUnitId != null && definedNameMap[executeUnitId] != null) {
+		const names = Object.keys(definedNameMap[executeUnitId]);
+		for (let i = 0, len = names.length; i < len; i++) {
+			const name = names[i];
+			if (node.hasDefinedName(name)) return true;
+		}
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+function includeDefinedName(tree, node, currentConfigService) {
+	/**
+	* Detect whether the dirty map contains a defined name.
+	*/
+	if (node != null) {
+		if (isDirtyDefinedForNode(node, currentConfigService, tree.unitId)) return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+//#endregion
+//#region src/services/function.service.ts
+const IFunctionService = (0, _univerjs_core.createIdentifier)("univer.formula-function.service");
+var FunctionService = class extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
+	constructor(..._args) {
+		super(..._args);
+		_defineProperty(this, "_functionExecutors", /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
+		_defineProperty(this, "_functionDescriptions", /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
+	}
+	dispose() {
+		super.dispose();
+		this._functionExecutors.clear();
+		this._functionDescriptions.clear();
+	}
+	registerExecutors(...functions) {
+		for (let i = 0; i < functions.length; i++) {
+			const func = functions[i];
+			this._functionExecutors.set(func.name, func);
+		}
+	}
+	getExecutors() {
+		return this._functionExecutors;
+	}
+	getExecutor(functionToken) {
+		return this._functionExecutors.get(functionToken);
+	}
+	hasExecutor(functionToken) {
+		return this._functionExecutors.has(functionToken);
+	}
+	unregisterExecutors(...functionTokens) {
+		for (let i = 0; i < functionTokens.length; i++) {
+			const functionToken = functionTokens[i];
+			this._functionExecutors.delete(functionToken);
+		}
+	}
+	registerDescriptions(...descriptions) {
+		for (let i = 0; i < descriptions.length; i++) {
+			const description = descriptions[i];
+			this._functionDescriptions.set(description.functionName, description);
+		}
+		return (0, _univerjs_core.toDisposable)(() => {
+			for (let i = 0; i < descriptions.length; i++) {
+				const description = descriptions[i];
+				this._functionDescriptions.delete(description.functionName);
+			}
+		});
+	}
+	getDescriptions() {
+		return this._functionDescriptions;
+	}
+	getDescription(functionToken) {
+		return this._functionDescriptions.get(functionToken);
+	}
+	hasDescription(functionToken) {
+		return this._functionDescriptions.has(functionToken);
+	}
+	unregisterDescriptions(...functionTokens) {
+		for (let i = 0; i < functionTokens.length; i++) {
+			const functionToken = functionTokens[i];
+			this._functionDescriptions.delete(functionToken);
+		}
+	}
+	clearDescriptions() {
+		this._functionDescriptions.clear();
+	}
+	deleteFormulaAstCacheKey(...functionToken) {
+		FORMULA_AST_CACHE.forEach((_, key) => {
+			functionToken.forEach((token) => {
+				if (key.includes(token)) FORMULA_AST_CACHE.delete(key);
+			});
+		});
+	}
+};
+
 //#endregion
 //#region src/engine/analysis/lexer.ts
 let Lexer = class Lexer extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
-	constructor(_definedNamesService, _lexerTreeBuilder, _formulaCurrentConfigService) {
+	constructor(_definedNamesService, _lexerTreeBuilder, _formulaCurrentConfigService, _functionService) {
 		super();
 		this._definedNamesService = _definedNamesService;
 		this._lexerTreeBuilder = _lexerTreeBuilder;
 		this._formulaCurrentConfigService = _formulaCurrentConfigService;
+		this._functionService = _functionService;
 	}
-	treeBuilder(formulaString, transformSuffix = true, unitId) {
+	treeBuilder(formulaString, transformSuffix = true, unitId, refOffsetX = 0, refOffsetY = 0) {
 		if (this._definedNamesService.getAllDefinedNamesIsEmpty()) return this._lexerTreeBuilder.treeBuilder(formulaString, transformSuffix);
 		return this._lexerTreeBuilder.treeBuilder(formulaString, transformSuffix, {
-			unitId: unitId !== null && unitId !== void 0 ? unitId : this._formulaCurrentConfigService.getExecuteUnitId(),
+			unitId: unitId ?? this._formulaCurrentConfigService.getExecuteUnitId(),
 			sheetId: this._formulaCurrentConfigService.getExecuteSubUnitId(),
+			refOffsetX,
+			refOffsetY,
+			hasFunction: this._functionService.hasExecutor.bind(this._functionService),
 			getValueByName: this._definedNamesService.getValueByName.bind(this._definedNamesService),
 			getDirtyDefinedNameMap: this._formulaCurrentConfigService.getDirtyDefinedNameMap.bind(this._formulaCurrentConfigService),
 			getSheetName: this._formulaCurrentConfigService.getSheetName.bind(this._formulaCurrentConfigService)
@@ -6115,13 +6438,13 @@ let Lexer = class Lexer extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 Lexer = __decorate([
 	__decorateParam(0, IDefinedNamesService),
 	__decorateParam(1, (0, _univerjs_core.Inject)(LexerTreeBuilder)),
-	__decorateParam(2, IFormulaCurrentConfigService)
+	__decorateParam(2, IFormulaCurrentConfigService),
+	__decorateParam(3, IFunctionService)
 ], Lexer);
 
 //#endregion
 //#region src/engine/utils/cell.ts
 function getCellValue(cell) {
-	var _cell$v;
 	if (cell === null) return 0;
 	if (cell === null || cell === void 0 ? void 0 : cell.p) {
 		const body = cell === null || cell === void 0 ? void 0 : cell.p.body;
@@ -6129,7 +6452,7 @@ function getCellValue(cell) {
 		const data = body.dataStream;
 		return normalizeRichTextFormulaValue(_univerjs_core.BuildTextUtils.transform.getPlainText(data));
 	}
-	return (_cell$v = cell === null || cell === void 0 ? void 0 : cell.v) !== null && _cell$v !== void 0 ? _cell$v : 0;
+	return (cell === null || cell === void 0 ? void 0 : cell.v) ?? 0;
 }
 function normalizeRichTextFormulaValue(value) {
 	return value.replace(/\r\n|\r|\n/g, "\r\n");
@@ -7295,9 +7618,8 @@ var StringValueObject = class StringValueObject extends BaseValueObject {
 		if (cached && options && this.checkCacheByOptions(cached, options)) return cached;
 		const instance = new StringValueObject(value);
 		if (options === null || options === void 0 ? void 0 : options.isHyperlink) {
-			var _options$hyperlinkUrl;
 			instance._isHyperlink = options.isHyperlink;
-			instance._hyperlinkUrl = (_options$hyperlinkUrl = options.hyperlinkUrl) !== null && _options$hyperlinkUrl !== void 0 ? _options$hyperlinkUrl : "";
+			instance._hyperlinkUrl = options.hyperlinkUrl ?? "";
 		}
 		if (options === null || options === void 0 ? void 0 : options.isImage) {
 			instance._isImage = options.isImage;
@@ -8605,6 +8927,7 @@ var ValueObjectFactory = class {
 			const rawValueUpper = rawValue.toLocaleUpperCase().trim();
 			if (ERROR_TYPE_SET.has(rawValueUpper)) return ErrorValueObject.create(rawValueUpper);
 			if (rawValueUpper === "TRUE" || rawValueUpper === "FALSE") return createBooleanValueObjectByRawValue(rawValue);
+			if (isStringWrappedByDoubleQuotes(rawValue)) return createStringValueObjectByRawValue(rawValue);
 			if ((0, _univerjs_core.isRealNum)(rawValue) && Number(rawValue).toString() === rawValue.trim()) return NumberValueObject.create(Number(rawValue));
 			if (!isIgnoreNumberPattern) {
 				const { isNumberPattern, value, pattern } = stringIsNumberPattern(rawValue);
@@ -8625,8 +8948,8 @@ function isStringWrappedByDoubleQuotes(input) {
 
 //#endregion
 //#region src/engine/reference-object/base-reference-object.ts
-const FORMULA_CACHE_LRU_COUNT$1 = 1e4;
-const FORMULA_REF_TO_ARRAY_CACHE = new FormulaAstLRU(FORMULA_CACHE_LRU_COUNT$1);
+const FORMULA_CACHE_LRU_COUNT = 1e4;
+const FORMULA_REF_TO_ARRAY_CACHE = new FormulaAstLRU(FORMULA_CACHE_LRU_COUNT);
 var BaseReferenceObject = class extends ObjectClassType {
 	constructor(_token) {
 		super();
@@ -8984,11 +9307,9 @@ var BaseReferenceObject = class extends ObjectClassType {
 		return getRuntimeFeatureCell(row, column, this.getSheetId(), this.getUnitId(), this._runtimeFeatureCellData);
 	}
 	getCellByPosition(rowRaw, columnRaw) {
-		let row = rowRaw;
-		let column = columnRaw;
-		const rangeData = this.getRangeData();
-		if (!row) row = rangeData.startRow;
-		if (!column) column = rangeData.startColumn;
+		const range = this.getRangePosition();
+		const row = rowRaw ?? range.startRow;
+		const column = columnRaw ?? range.startColumn;
 		const cell = this.getCellData(row, column);
 		if (!cell) return NullValueObject.create();
 		return this.getCellValueObject(cell);
@@ -9058,6 +9379,9 @@ var BaseReferenceObject = class extends ObjectClassType {
 			unitId: this.getUnitId()
 		};
 	}
+	toUnitRanges() {
+		return [this.toUnitRange()];
+	}
 	_checkIfWorksheetMiss() {
 		if ((this._forcedSheetId == null || this._forcedSheetId.length === 0) && this._forcedSheetName.length > 0) return true;
 		return false;
@@ -9326,7 +9650,7 @@ function expandArrayValueObject(rowCount, columnCount, valueObject, defaultValue
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (r >= valueRowCount || c >= valueColumnCount) {
-				row.push(defaultValue !== null && defaultValue !== void 0 ? defaultValue : NullValueObject.create());
+				row.push(defaultValue ?? NullValueObject.create());
 				continue;
 			}
 			const value = valueObject.get(r, c);
@@ -9664,8 +9988,11 @@ function filterSameValueObjectResult(array, range, criteria) {
 	return array.mapValue((valueObject, r, c) => {
 		const rangeValueObject = range.get(r, c);
 		const isBlankStringCriteria = criteriaObject.isString() && criteriaObject.getValue() === "";
+		if (isBlankStringCriteria && (operator === ">" || operator === ">=" || operator === "<" || operator === "<=")) return BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		if (operator === "<>" && isBlankStringCriteria && (rangeValueObject === null || rangeValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : rangeValueObject.isString()) && rangeValueObject.getValue() === "") return BooleanValueObject.create(true);
-		if (criteriaObject.isString() && criteriaObject.getValue() !== "" && (operator === "<" || operator === "<=") && (rangeValueObject == null || rangeValueObject.isNull() || rangeValueObject.isString() && rangeValueObject.getValue() === "")) return BooleanValueObject.create(false);
+		if (criteriaObject.isString() && isWildcard(`${criteriaObject.getValue()}`) && (rangeValueObject === null || rangeValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : rangeValueObject.isString()) && rangeValueObject.getValue() === "") return valueObject;
+		if (criteriaObject.isString() && criteriaObject.getValue() !== "" && (operator === "<" || operator === "<=") && (rangeValueObject === null || rangeValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : rangeValueObject.isString()) && rangeValueObject.getValue() === "") return BooleanValueObject.create(true);
+		if (criteriaObject.isString() && criteriaObject.getValue() !== "" && (operator === "<" || operator === "<=") && (rangeValueObject == null || rangeValueObject.isNull())) return BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		if (criteriaObject.isString() && (rangeValueObject === null || rangeValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : rangeValueObject.isString()) && (operator === "<" || operator === "<=") && isSameLowerBoundBucket(rangeValueObject.getValue(), criteriaObject.getValue())) return BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		if ((rangeValueObject === null || rangeValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : rangeValueObject.isNumber()) && criteriaObject.isString()) {
 			const criteriaNumber = criteriaObject.convertToNumberObjectValue();
@@ -9834,12 +10161,12 @@ let FormulaRuntimeService = class FormulaRuntimeService extends _univerjs_core.D
 		return this._currentColumn;
 	}
 	get currentRowCount() {
-		var _this$_functionRefInf, _this$_functionRefInf2;
-		return (_this$_functionRefInf = (_this$_functionRefInf2 = this._functionRefInfoOverrideStack[this._functionRefInfoOverrideStack.length - 1]) === null || _this$_functionRefInf2 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_functionRefInf2.rowCount) !== null && _this$_functionRefInf !== void 0 ? _this$_functionRefInf : this._currentRowCount;
+		var _this$_functionRefInf;
+		return ((_this$_functionRefInf = this._functionRefInfoOverrideStack[this._functionRefInfoOverrideStack.length - 1]) === null || _this$_functionRefInf === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_functionRefInf.rowCount) ?? this._currentRowCount;
 	}
 	get currentColumnCount() {
-		var _this$_functionRefInf3, _this$_functionRefInf4;
-		return (_this$_functionRefInf3 = (_this$_functionRefInf4 = this._functionRefInfoOverrideStack[this._functionRefInfoOverrideStack.length - 1]) === null || _this$_functionRefInf4 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_functionRefInf4.columnCount) !== null && _this$_functionRefInf3 !== void 0 ? _this$_functionRefInf3 : this._currentColumnCount;
+		var _this$_functionRefInf2;
+		return ((_this$_functionRefInf2 = this._functionRefInfoOverrideStack[this._functionRefInfoOverrideStack.length - 1]) === null || _this$_functionRefInf2 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_functionRefInf2.columnCount) ?? this._currentColumnCount;
 	}
 	get currentSubUnitId() {
 		return this._currentSubUnitId;
@@ -10275,151 +10602,6 @@ let FormulaRuntimeService = class FormulaRuntimeService extends _univerjs_core.D
 FormulaRuntimeService = __decorate([__decorateParam(0, IFormulaCurrentConfigService), __decorateParam(1, IHyperlinkEngineFormulaService)], FormulaRuntimeService);
 const IFormulaRuntimeService = (0, _univerjs_core.createIdentifier)("univer.formula.runtime.service");
 
-//#endregion
-//#region src/engine/ast-node/node-type.ts
-const NODE_ORDER_MAP = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map([
-	[1, 7],
-	[2, 9],
-	[3, 8],
-	[4, 6],
-	[5, 1],
-	[6, 2],
-	[9, 10],
-	[10, 3],
-	[11, 4],
-	[12, 5]
-]);
-
-//#endregion
-//#region src/engine/ast-node/base-ast-node.ts
-var BaseAstNode = class {
-	constructor(_token) {
-		this._token = _token;
-		_defineProperty(this, "_children", []);
-		_defineProperty(this, "_definedNames", void 0);
-		_defineProperty(this, "_parent", void 0);
-		_defineProperty(this, "_valueObject", void 0);
-		_defineProperty(this, "_calculateState", false);
-		_defineProperty(this, "_async", false);
-		_defineProperty(this, "_address", false);
-		_defineProperty(this, "_isForcedCalculateFunction", false);
-	}
-	dispose() {
-		var _this$_valueObject;
-		this._children.forEach((node) => {
-			node.dispose();
-		});
-		(_this$_valueObject = this._valueObject) === null || _this$_valueObject === void 0 || _this$_valueObject.dispose();
-		this._valueObject = null;
-		this._children = [];
-		this._definedNames = null;
-		this._parent = null;
-	}
-	get nodeType() {
-		return 8;
-	}
-	resetCalculationState() {
-		this._children.forEach((node) => {
-			node.resetCalculationState();
-		});
-		this._valueObject = null;
-		this._calculateState = false;
-	}
-	isAsync() {
-		return this._async;
-	}
-	isAddress() {
-		return this._address;
-	}
-	isForcedCalculateFunction() {
-		return this._isForcedCalculateFunction;
-	}
-	setAsync() {
-		this._async = true;
-	}
-	setAddress() {
-		this._address = true;
-	}
-	getParent() {
-		return this._parent;
-	}
-	setParent(node) {
-		this._parent = node;
-		node.addChildren(this);
-	}
-	setForcedCalculateFunction() {
-		this._isForcedCalculateFunction = true;
-	}
-	getChildren() {
-		return this._children;
-	}
-	addChildren(...astNode) {
-		this._children.push(...astNode);
-	}
-	getToken() {
-		return this._token;
-	}
-	setValue(value) {
-		this._valueObject = value;
-	}
-	getValue() {
-		return this._valueObject;
-	}
-	isCalculated() {
-		return this._calculateState;
-	}
-	setCalculated() {
-		this._calculateState = true;
-	}
-	execute() {}
-	setNotEmpty(state = true) {}
-	async executeAsync() {
-		return Promise.resolve(0);
-	}
-	serialize() {
-		const token = this.getToken();
-		const children = this.getChildren();
-		const childrenSerialization = [];
-		const childrenCount = children.length;
-		for (let i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
-			const item = children[i];
-			childrenSerialization.push(item.serialize());
-		}
-		const result = {
-			token,
-			nodeType: this.nodeType
-		};
-		if (childrenCount > 0) result.children = childrenSerialization;
-		return result;
-	}
-	hasDefinedName(definedName) {
-		var _this$_definedNames;
-		return ((_this$_definedNames = this._definedNames) === null || _this$_definedNames === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_definedNames.includes(definedName)) || false;
-	}
-	setDefinedNames(definedNames) {
-		this._definedNames = definedNames;
-	}
-	getDefinedNames() {
-		return this._definedNames;
-	}
-};
-var ErrorNode = class ErrorNode extends BaseAstNode {
-	constructor(errorType) {
-		super(errorType);
-		_defineProperty(this, "_errorValueObject", void 0);
-		this._errorValueObject = ErrorValueObject.create(errorType);
-	}
-	get nodeType() {
-		return 7;
-	}
-	static create(errorType) {
-		return new ErrorNode(errorType);
-	}
-	getValue() {
-		return this._errorValueObject;
-	}
-};
-
 //#endregion
 //#region src/engine/ast-node/base-ast-node-factory.ts
 var BaseAstNodeFactory = class {
@@ -10485,161 +10667,6 @@ const COLUMN_LIKE_FUNCTION_NAMES = new Set(ALL_GROUPS.flatMap((g) => Object.valu
 	return idx > 0 && idx <= _univerjs_core.MAX_COLUMN_COUNT;
 }));
 
-//#endregion
-//#region src/engine/utils/generate-ast-node.ts
-const FORMULA_CACHE_LRU_COUNT = 5e3;
-const FORMULA_AST_CACHE = new FormulaAstLRU(FORMULA_CACHE_LRU_COUNT);
-const DIRTY_DEFINED_NAME_SET_CACHE = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
-const DIRTY_SUPER_TABLE_PATTERN_CACHE = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
-function generateAstNode(unitId, formulaString, lexer, astTreeBuilder, currentConfigService, subUnitId) {
-	var _ref;
-	if (subUnitId) {
-		currentConfigService.setExecuteUnitId(unitId);
-		currentConfigService.setExecuteSubUnitId(subUnitId);
-	}
-	const cacheKey = `${unitId}:${(_ref = subUnitId !== null && subUnitId !== void 0 ? subUnitId : currentConfigService.getExecuteSubUnitId()) !== null && _ref !== void 0 ? _ref : ""}:${formulaString}`;
-	let astNode = FORMULA_AST_CACHE.get(cacheKey);
-	if (!(checkIsChangedByDefinedName(unitId, formulaString, currentConfigService) || checkIsChangedBySuperTable(unitId, formulaString, currentConfigService)) && astNode && !isDirtyDefinedForNode(astNode, currentConfigService, unitId)) return astNode;
-	const lexerNode = lexer.treeBuilder(formulaString, true, unitId);
-	if (ERROR_TYPE_SET.has(lexerNode)) return ErrorNode.create(lexerNode);
-	astNode = astTreeBuilder.parse(lexerNode);
-	if (astNode == null) {
-		console.error("generateAstNode astNode is null");
-		return ErrorNode.create(lexerNode);
-	}
-	FORMULA_AST_CACHE.set(cacheKey, astNode);
-	return astNode;
-}
-function checkIsChangedByDefinedName(unitId, formula, currentConfigService) {
-	const unitDefinedNameMap = currentConfigService.getDirtyDefinedNameMap()[unitId];
-	if (unitDefinedNameMap == null) return false;
-	return getNormalizedDirtyDefinedNameSet(unitDefinedNameMap).has(normalizeFormulaText(formula));
-}
-function normalizeFormulaText(formula) {
-	return formula.startsWith("=") ? formula.slice(1) : formula;
-}
-function checkIsChangedBySuperTable(unitId, formula, currentConfigService) {
-	var _currentConfigService, _tableReferencePatter;
-	const getDirtySuperTableMap = (_currentConfigService = currentConfigService.getDirtySuperTableMap) === null || _currentConfigService === void 0 ? void 0 : _currentConfigService.bind(currentConfigService);
-	const changedSuperTableMap = getDirtySuperTableMap === null || getDirtySuperTableMap === void 0 ? void 0 : getDirtySuperTableMap();
-	const unitSuperTableMap = changedSuperTableMap === null || changedSuperTableMap === void 0 ? void 0 : changedSuperTableMap[unitId];
-	if (unitSuperTableMap == null) return false;
-	const tableReferencePattern = getDirtySuperTableReferencePattern(unitSuperTableMap);
-	return (_tableReferencePatter = tableReferencePattern === null || tableReferencePattern === void 0 ? void 0 : tableReferencePattern.test(normalizeFormulaText(formula))) !== null && _tableReferencePatter !== void 0 ? _tableReferencePatter : false;
-}
-function getNormalizedDirtyDefinedNameSet(unitDefinedNameMap) {
-	let normalizedNameSet = DIRTY_DEFINED_NAME_SET_CACHE.get(unitDefinedNameMap);
-	if (normalizedNameSet == null) {
-		normalizedNameSet = new Set(Object.keys(unitDefinedNameMap).map(normalizeFormulaText));
-		DIRTY_DEFINED_NAME_SET_CACHE.set(unitDefinedNameMap, normalizedNameSet);
-	}
-	return normalizedNameSet;
-}
-function getDirtySuperTableReferencePattern(unitSuperTableMap) {
-	let tableReferencePattern = DIRTY_SUPER_TABLE_PATTERN_CACHE.get(unitSuperTableMap);
-	if (tableReferencePattern === void 0) {
-		const tableNames = Object.keys(unitSuperTableMap).filter((tableName) => tableName.length > 0);
-		tableReferencePattern = tableNames.length > 0 ? _univerjs_core.regexp.createRegExpFromSafeFragment(`(^|[^A-Za-z0-9_])${_univerjs_core.regexp.or(...tableNames)}(\\s*\\[|$|[^A-Za-z0-9_])`, "i") : null;
-		DIRTY_SUPER_TABLE_PATTERN_CACHE.set(unitSuperTableMap, tableReferencePattern);
-	}
-	return tableReferencePattern;
-}
-function isDirtyDefinedForNode(node, currentConfigService, unitId) {
-	const definedNameMap = currentConfigService.getDirtyDefinedNameMap();
-	const executeUnitId = unitId;
-	if (executeUnitId != null && definedNameMap[executeUnitId] != null) {
-		const names = Object.keys(definedNameMap[executeUnitId]);
-		for (let i = 0, len = names.length; i < len; i++) {
-			const name = names[i];
-			if (node.hasDefinedName(name)) return true;
-		}
-	}
-	return false;
-}
-function includeDefinedName(tree, node, currentConfigService) {
-	/**
-	* Detect whether the dirty map contains a defined name.
-	*/
-	if (node != null) {
-		if (isDirtyDefinedForNode(node, currentConfigService, tree.unitId)) return true;
-	}
-	return false;
-}
-
-//#endregion
-//#region src/services/function.service.ts
-const IFunctionService = (0, _univerjs_core.createIdentifier)("univer.formula-function.service");
-var FunctionService = class extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
-	constructor(..._args) {
-		super(..._args);
-		_defineProperty(this, "_functionExecutors", /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
-		_defineProperty(this, "_functionDescriptions", /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
-	}
-	dispose() {
-		super.dispose();
-		this._functionExecutors.clear();
-		this._functionDescriptions.clear();
-	}
-	registerExecutors(...functions) {
-		for (let i = 0; i < functions.length; i++) {
-			const func = functions[i];
-			this._functionExecutors.set(func.name, func);
-		}
-	}
-	getExecutors() {
-		return this._functionExecutors;
-	}
-	getExecutor(functionToken) {
-		return this._functionExecutors.get(functionToken);
-	}
-	hasExecutor(functionToken) {
-		return this._functionExecutors.has(functionToken);
-	}
-	unregisterExecutors(...functionTokens) {
-		for (let i = 0; i < functionTokens.length; i++) {
-			const functionToken = functionTokens[i];
-			this._functionExecutors.delete(functionToken);
-		}
-	}
-	registerDescriptions(...descriptions) {
-		for (let i = 0; i < descriptions.length; i++) {
-			const description = descriptions[i];
-			this._functionDescriptions.set(description.functionName, description);
-		}
-		return (0, _univerjs_core.toDisposable)(() => {
-			for (let i = 0; i < descriptions.length; i++) {
-				const description = descriptions[i];
-				this._functionDescriptions.delete(description.functionName);
-			}
-		});
-	}
-	getDescriptions() {
-		return this._functionDescriptions;
-	}
-	getDescription(functionToken) {
-		return this._functionDescriptions.get(functionToken);
-	}
-	hasDescription(functionToken) {
-		return this._functionDescriptions.has(functionToken);
-	}
-	unregisterDescriptions(...functionTokens) {
-		for (let i = 0; i < functionTokens.length; i++) {
-			const functionToken = functionTokens[i];
-			this._functionDescriptions.delete(functionToken);
-		}
-	}
-	clearDescriptions() {
-		this._functionDescriptions.clear();
-	}
-	deleteFormulaAstCacheKey(...functionToken) {
-		FORMULA_AST_CACHE.forEach((_, key) => {
-			functionToken.forEach((token) => {
-				if (key.includes(token)) FORMULA_AST_CACHE.delete(key);
-			});
-		});
-	}
-};
-
 //#endregion
 //#region src/services/unit-reference-resolver.service.ts
 const IFormulaUnitReferenceResolver = (0, _univerjs_core.createIdentifier)("univer.formula.unit-reference-resolver");
@@ -10711,7 +10738,8 @@ var PrefixNode = class extends BaseAstNode {
 		this.setValue(result);
 	}
 	_handlerAT(value) {
-		if (!value.isReferenceObject()) return ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!");
+		if (value instanceof ArrayValueObject) return value.get(0, 0) ?? ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!");
+		if (!value.isReferenceObject()) return value;
 		const currentValue = value;
 		if (currentValue.isCell()) return ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!");
 		if (this._preserveAtRangeForFormula2LookupArray()) return currentValue;
@@ -10731,7 +10759,7 @@ var PrefixNode = class extends BaseAstNode {
 		let parent = node.getParent();
 		let sawCompareOperator = false;
 		while (parent != null) {
-			if (parent.nodeType === 3) sawCompareOperator || (sawCompareOperator = OPERATOR_TOKEN_COMPARE_SET.has(parent.getToken()));
+			if (parent.nodeType === 3) sawCompareOperator ||= OPERATOR_TOKEN_COMPARE_SET.has(parent.getToken());
 			if (parent.nodeType === 4) {
 				const functionName = parent.getToken().toUpperCase();
 				if (sawCompareOperator && functionName === "XMATCH") return parent.getChildren().indexOf(node) === 1;
@@ -10817,6 +10845,9 @@ var FunctionNode = class extends BaseAstNode {
 	get nodeType() {
 		return 4;
 	}
+	preservesLazyIfReferenceArray(child) {
+		return this._functionExecutor.lazyIfReferenceArrayArgumentIndexes.includes(this.getChildren().indexOf(child));
+	}
 	async executeAsync() {
 		const children = this.getChildren();
 		this._compatibility();
@@ -10966,10 +10997,7 @@ var FunctionNode = class extends BaseAstNode {
 		if (minParams !== -1 && maxParams !== -1 && (children.length < minParams || children.length > maxParams)) return ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
 		this._setRefInfo();
 		this._handleAddressFunction();
-		return this._functionExecutor.calculateAst(children, (node) => {
-			var _this$_getChildVarian;
-			return (_this$_getChildVarian = this._getChildVariant(node)) !== null && _this$_getChildVarian !== void 0 ? _this$_getChildVarian : null;
-		});
+		return this._functionExecutor.calculateAst(children, (node) => this._getChildVariant(node) ?? null);
 	}
 	async _calculateAsync(variants) {
 		const { minParams, maxParams } = this._functionExecutor;
@@ -11241,7 +11269,6 @@ let Interpreter = class Interpreter extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 		return true;
 	}
 	async _executeLazyIfErrorAsync(node, refOffsetX, refOffsetY) {
-		var _children$1$getValue;
 		const children = node.getChildren();
 		if (children.length !== 2) return false;
 		await this._executeAsync(children[0], refOffsetX, refOffsetY);
@@ -11253,11 +11280,10 @@ let Interpreter = class Interpreter extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 			return true;
 		}
 		await this._executeAsync(children[1], refOffsetX, refOffsetY);
-		node.setValue((_children$1$getValue = children[1].getValue()) !== null && _children$1$getValue !== void 0 ? _children$1$getValue : ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!"));
+		node.setValue(children[1].getValue() ?? ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!"));
 		return true;
 	}
 	_executeLazyIfError(node, refOffsetX, refOffsetY) {
-		var _children$1$getValue2;
 		const children = node.getChildren();
 		if (children.length !== 2) return false;
 		this._execute(children[0], refOffsetX, refOffsetY);
@@ -11269,7 +11295,7 @@ let Interpreter = class Interpreter extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 			return true;
 		}
 		this._execute(children[1], refOffsetX, refOffsetY);
-		node.setValue((_children$1$getValue2 = children[1].getValue()) !== null && _children$1$getValue2 !== void 0 ? _children$1$getValue2 : ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!"));
+		node.setValue(children[1].getValue() ?? ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!"));
 		return true;
 	}
 	_toLazyIfErrorValue(value) {
@@ -11285,12 +11311,13 @@ let Interpreter = class Interpreter extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 	}
 	_toLazyIfSelectedValue(value, node) {
 		if (value == null) return ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!");
+		const preserveArray = this._preserveLazyIfSelectedReferenceArray(node);
 		if (value.isReferenceObject()) {
 			const reference = value;
-			if (this._preserveLazyIfSelectedReferenceArray(node)) return reference.toArrayValueObject();
+			if (preserveArray) return reference.toArrayValueObject();
 			value = this._implicitLazyIfReferenceValue(reference);
 		}
-		if (value.isArray()) value = this._implicitLazyIfArrayValue(value);
+		if (value.isArray() && !preserveArray) value = this._implicitLazyIfArrayValue(value);
 		if (!value.isArray()) {
 			const baseValue = value;
 			return baseValue.isNull() ? NumberValueObject.create(0) : baseValue;
@@ -11311,7 +11338,7 @@ let Interpreter = class Interpreter extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 		let child = node;
 		let parent = child.getParent();
 		while (parent != null) {
-			if (parent.nodeType === 4) return parent.getToken().toUpperCase() === "MATCH" && parent.getChildren().indexOf(child) === 1;
+			if (parent.nodeType === 4) return parent.preservesLazyIfReferenceArray(child);
 			child = parent;
 			parent = parent.getParent();
 		}
@@ -11884,10 +11911,9 @@ var TableReferenceObject = class extends BaseReferenceObject {
 	*  - Has comma: Left is Section, right is column/column range
 	*/
 	_parseStructuredRef(raw, titleMap) {
-		var _range$startColumn, _range$endColumn;
 		const { range } = this._tableData;
-		const fullStartCol = (_range$startColumn = range.startColumn) !== null && _range$startColumn !== void 0 ? _range$startColumn : 0;
-		const fullEndCol = (_range$endColumn = range.endColumn) !== null && _range$endColumn !== void 0 ? _range$endColumn : 0;
+		const fullStartCol = range.startColumn ?? 0;
+		const fullEndCol = range.endColumn ?? 0;
 		if (!raw || raw.trim().length === 0) return {
 			startColumn: fullStartCol,
 			endColumn: fullEndCol,
@@ -11939,6 +11965,14 @@ var TableReferenceObject = class extends BaseReferenceObject {
 		const sectionRaw = body.slice(0, commaAt).trim();
 		const columnsRaw = body.slice(commaAt + 1).trim();
 		const section = this._parseSectionMaybeBracketed(sectionRaw);
+		if (section === void 0) {
+			const { startColumn, endColumn } = this._parseColumnOrRange(body, titleMap, fullStartCol);
+			return {
+				startColumn,
+				endColumn,
+				type: "#Data"
+			};
+		}
 		const { startColumn, endColumn } = this._parseColumnOrRange(columnsRaw, titleMap, fullStartCol);
 		return {
 			startColumn,
@@ -11967,13 +12001,12 @@ var TableReferenceObject = class extends BaseReferenceObject {
 	}
 	/**
 	* Parse Section, compatible with both "[#Data]" and "#Data" inputs
-	* Returns TableOptionType if matched; returns DATA if not (could throw error instead)
+	* Returns TableOptionType if matched; returns undefined when the comma belongs to a column title.
 	*/
 	_parseSectionMaybeBracketed(raw) {
 		const x = raw.trim();
 		const inner = x.startsWith("[") && x.endsWith("]") ? this._stripOuterBracketOnce(x) : x;
-		const typeMaybe = this._mapSection(inner);
-		return typeMaybe !== null && typeMaybe !== void 0 ? typeMaybe : "#Data";
+		return this._mapSection(inner);
 	}
 	/**
 	* Section mapping: Only accepts keywords starting with #.
@@ -11998,6 +12031,14 @@ var TableReferenceObject = class extends BaseReferenceObject {
 	*/
 	_parseColumnOrRange(raw, titleMap, fullStartCol) {
 		const s = raw.trim();
+		const singleColumnIndex = this._titleToIndex(this._stripOuterBracketIfAny(s), titleMap);
+		if (singleColumnIndex !== -1) {
+			const column = fullStartCol + singleColumnIndex;
+			return {
+				startColumn: column,
+				endColumn: column
+			};
+		}
 		const colonAt = this._findColonAtTopLevel(s);
 		if (colonAt === -1) {
 			const name = this._stripOuterBracketIfAny(s);
@@ -12239,12 +12280,11 @@ let ReferenceNodeFactory = class ReferenceNodeFactory extends BaseAstNodeFactory
 		return this._superTableService.getTableMap(unitId);
 	}
 	_getNode(tokenTrim, isLexerNode, isPrepareMerge, param) {
-		var _tableMap$has;
 		const currentConfigService = this._currentConfigService;
 		const runtimeService = this._formulaRuntimeService;
 		const makeRef = (type) => new ReferenceNode(currentConfigService, runtimeService, tokenTrim, type, this._unitReferenceResolver, this._superTableService, this._externalReferenceDataLoader, isPrepareMerge);
 		const tableMap = this._getTableMap();
-		if ((_tableMap$has = tableMap === null || tableMap === void 0 ? void 0 : tableMap.has(tokenTrim)) !== null && _tableMap$has !== void 0 ? _tableMap$has : false) return this._getTableReferenceNode(tokenTrim, isPrepareMerge, true);
+		if ((tableMap === null || tableMap === void 0 ? void 0 : tableMap.has(tokenTrim)) ?? false) return this._getTableReferenceNode(tokenTrim, isPrepareMerge, true);
 		if (regexTestSingeRange(tokenTrim)) return makeRef(0);
 		const parentIsUnion = isLexerNode && this._checkParentIsUnionOperator(param);
 		if (parentIsUnion && regexTestSingleRow(tokenTrim)) return makeRef(2);
@@ -12359,11 +12399,253 @@ SuffixNodeFactory = __decorate([
 	__decorateParam(2, IFormulaCurrentConfigService)
 ], SuffixNodeFactory);
 
+//#endregion
+//#region src/engine/reference-object/multi-area-reference-object.ts
+var MultiAreaReferenceObject = class extends BaseReferenceObject {
+	constructor(token, areas = [], _arrayMode = "first-cell-grid") {
+		super(token);
+		this._arrayMode = _arrayMode;
+		_defineProperty(this, "_areas", []);
+		this._areas = areas;
+	}
+	dispose() {
+		this._areas.forEach((row) => {
+			row.forEach((a) => a.dispose());
+		});
+		this._areas = [];
+		super.dispose();
+	}
+	getAreas() {
+		return this._areas;
+	}
+	setAreas(areas) {
+		this._areas = areas;
+	}
+	/**
+	* Append an area:
+	* - If a single AreaValue is passed, it will be wrapped as one row.
+	* - If an AreaValue[] is passed, it will be inserted as an entire row.
+	*/
+	addArea(area) {
+		if (Array.isArray(area)) this._areas.push(area);
+		else this._areas.push([area]);
+	}
+	/** Flatten the 2D areas to reuse 1D logic */
+	_flatAreas() {
+		return this._areas.flat();
+	}
+	isMultiArea() {
+		return true;
+	}
+	isRange() {
+		return false;
+	}
+	isCell() {
+		return false;
+	}
+	isRow() {
+		return false;
+	}
+	isColumn() {
+		return false;
+	}
+	getRowCount() {
+		if (this._arrayMode === "first-cell-grid") return this._areas.length;
+		let total = 0;
+		for (const a of this._flatAreas()) if (a instanceof BaseReferenceObject) total += a.getRowCount();
+		return total;
+	}
+	getColumnCount() {
+		if (this._arrayMode === "first-cell-grid") return this._areas.reduce((max, row) => Math.max(max, row.length), 0);
+		return this._flatAreas().reduce((max, area) => area instanceof BaseReferenceObject ? Math.max(max, area.getColumnCount()) : max, 0);
+	}
+	isExceedRange() {
+		return this._flatAreas().some((a) => {
+			return a instanceof BaseReferenceObject && a.isExceedRange();
+		});
+	}
+	setRefOffset(x = 0, y = 0) {
+		super.setRefOffset(x, y);
+		this._flatAreas().forEach((a) => {
+			if (a instanceof BaseReferenceObject) a.setRefOffset(x, y);
+		});
+	}
+	_getReferenceArea() {
+		return this._flatAreas().find((area) => area instanceof BaseReferenceObject);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Multi-area reference may span multiple sheets, but Excel requires
+	* them to be in the same sheet for most functions. We follow Excel semantics
+	* by returning the first area’s identifiers.
+	*/
+	getUnitId() {
+		var _this$_getReferenceAr;
+		return ((_this$_getReferenceAr = this._getReferenceArea()) === null || _this$_getReferenceAr === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_getReferenceAr.getUnitId()) ?? super.getUnitId();
+	}
+	getSheetId() {
+		var _this$_getReferenceAr2;
+		return ((_this$_getReferenceAr2 = this._getReferenceArea()) === null || _this$_getReferenceAr2 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_getReferenceAr2.getSheetId()) ?? super.getSheetId();
+	}
+	getActiveSheetRowCount() {
+		var _this$_getReferenceAr3;
+		return ((_this$_getReferenceAr3 = this._getReferenceArea()) === null || _this$_getReferenceAr3 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_getReferenceAr3.getActiveSheetRowCount()) ?? 0;
+	}
+	getActiveSheetColumnCount() {
+		var _this$_getReferenceAr4;
+		return ((_this$_getReferenceAr4 = this._getReferenceArea()) === null || _this$_getReferenceAr4 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_getReferenceAr4.getActiveSheetColumnCount()) ?? 0;
+	}
+	/**
+	* Iterate through all areas in order, flattening the multi-area into
+	* a sequence of cells.
+	*
+	* Note: The order here is "row-major":
+	*   iterate by the row order of _areas, then within each row by the area order.
+	*/
+	iterator(callback) {
+		for (const row of this._areas) {
+			let stopRow = false;
+			for (const area of row) {
+				if (!(area instanceof BaseReferenceObject)) continue;
+				let stopArea = false;
+				area.iterator((v, r, c) => {
+					const res = callback(v, r, c);
+					if (res === false) {
+						stopArea = true;
+						stopRow = true;
+						return false;
+					}
+					return res;
+				});
+				if (stopArea) break;
+			}
+			if (stopRow) return;
+		}
+	}
+	/**
+	* Excel defines the "first cell" of a multi-area reference
+	* as the first cell of the first area.
+	*/
+	getFirstCell() {
+		const first = this._getReferenceArea();
+		if (!first) return super.getFirstCell();
+		return first.getFirstCell();
+	}
+	/**
+	* For multi-area, we only take the *first cell* of each area and
+	* arrange them into a 2D ArrayValueObject:
+	*
+	* - outer `_areas` dimension => rows
+	* - inner `_areas[row]` dimension => columns
+	*/
+	toArrayValueObject() {
+		if (this._arrayMode === "stack-areas") return this._stackAreas();
+		const rows = this._areas.length;
+		if (rows === 0) return createNewArray([], 0, 0);
+		const cols = this.getColumnCount();
+		const result = [];
+		for (let r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
+			const rowAreas = this._areas[r] ?? [];
+			result[r] = [];
+			for (let c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
+				const area = rowAreas[c];
+				if (!area) {
+					result[r][c] = NullValueObject.create();
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (area instanceof ErrorValueObject) {
+					result[r][c] = area;
+					continue;
+				}
+				result[r][c] = area.toArrayValueObject(false).getRealValue(0, 0) ?? NullValueObject.create();
+			}
+		}
+		return createNewArray(result, rows, cols);
+	}
+	_stackAreas() {
+		const result = [];
+		const cols = this.getColumnCount();
+		for (const area of this._flatAreas()) {
+			if (area instanceof ErrorValueObject) {
+				const row = new Array(cols).fill(NullValueObject.create());
+				row[0] = area;
+				result.push(row);
+				continue;
+			}
+			const array = area.toArrayValueObject(false);
+			for (let r = 0; r < array.getRowCount(); r++) {
+				const row = [];
+				for (let c = 0; c < cols; c++) row[c] = array.getRealValue(r, c) ?? NullValueObject.create();
+				result.push(row);
+			}
+		}
+		return createNewArray(result, result.length, cols);
+	}
+	getRangePosition() {
+		const flat = this._flatAreas();
+		if (!flat.length) return super.getRangePosition();
+		let minStartRow = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+		let minStartColumn = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+		let maxEndRow = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+		let maxEndColumn = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+		for (const area of flat) {
+			if (!(area instanceof BaseReferenceObject)) continue;
+			const { startRow, startColumn, endRow, endColumn } = area.getRangePosition();
+			if (!Number.isFinite(startRow) || !Number.isFinite(startColumn) || !Number.isFinite(endRow) || !Number.isFinite(endColumn)) continue;
+			if (startRow < minStartRow) minStartRow = startRow;
+			if (startColumn < minStartColumn) minStartColumn = startColumn;
+			if (endRow > maxEndRow) maxEndRow = endRow;
+			if (endColumn > maxEndColumn) maxEndColumn = maxEndColumn < endColumn ? endColumn : maxEndColumn;
+		}
+		if (!Number.isFinite(minStartRow) || !Number.isFinite(minStartColumn) || !Number.isFinite(maxEndRow) || !Number.isFinite(maxEndColumn)) return super.getRangePosition();
+		return {
+			startRow: minStartRow,
+			startColumn: minStartColumn,
+			endRow: maxEndRow,
+			endColumn: maxEndColumn
+		};
+	}
+	toUnitRange() {
+		return {
+			range: this.getRangePosition(),
+			sheetId: this.getSheetId(),
+			unitId: this.getUnitId()
+		};
+	}
+	toUnitRanges() {
+		return this._flatAreas().filter((area) => area instanceof BaseReferenceObject).flatMap((area) => area.toUnitRanges());
+	}
+	getRangeData() {
+		const flat = this._flatAreas();
+		if (!flat.length) return super.getRangeData();
+		let minStartRow = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+		let minStartColumn = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+		let maxEndRow = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+		let maxEndColumn = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+		for (const area of flat) {
+			if (!(area instanceof BaseReferenceObject)) continue;
+			const { startRow, startColumn, endRow, endColumn } = area.getRangeData();
+			if (!Number.isFinite(startRow) || !Number.isFinite(startColumn) || !Number.isFinite(endRow) || !Number.isFinite(endColumn)) continue;
+			if (startRow < minStartRow) minStartRow = startRow;
+			if (startColumn < minStartColumn) minStartColumn = startColumn;
+			if (endRow > maxEndRow) maxEndRow = endRow;
+			if (endColumn > maxEndColumn) maxEndColumn = endColumn;
+		}
+		if (!Number.isFinite(minStartRow) || !Number.isFinite(minStartColumn) || !Number.isFinite(maxEndRow) || !Number.isFinite(maxEndColumn)) return super.getRangeData();
+		return {
+			startRow: minStartRow,
+			startColumn: minStartColumn,
+			endRow: maxEndRow,
+			endColumn: maxEndColumn
+		};
+	}
+};
+
 //#endregion
 //#region src/engine/ast-node/union-node.ts
 var UnionNode = class extends BaseAstNode {
-	constructor(operatorString) {
+	constructor(operatorString, _currentConfigService) {
 		super(operatorString);
+		this._currentConfigService = _currentConfigService;
 	}
 	get nodeType() {
 		return 10;
@@ -12380,28 +12662,74 @@ var UnionNode = class extends BaseAstNode {
 			return;
 		}
 		let result;
-		if (this.getToken() === ":") result = this._unionFunction(leftNode, rightNode);
+		if (this.getToken() === ":") result = this._createThreeDimensionalReference(leftChild.getToken(), rightNode) ?? this._unionFunction(leftNode, rightNode);
 		else result = ErrorValueObject.create("#NAME?");
 		this.setValue(result);
 	}
+	_createThreeDimensionalReference(firstSheetToken, rightNode) {
+		if (!(rightNode instanceof BaseReferenceObject)) return;
+		const source = rightNode;
+		const firstSheetName = this._normalizeSheetName(firstSheetToken);
+		const lastSheetName = this._normalizeSheetName(source.getForcedSheetName());
+		if (!firstSheetName || !lastSheetName) return;
+		const { sheetOrder, sheetNameMap } = this._currentConfigService.getSheetsInfo();
+		const sheetIdsByName = new Map(Object.entries(sheetNameMap).map(([sheetId, sheetName]) => [sheetName.toLocaleLowerCase(), sheetId]));
+		const firstSheetId = sheetIdsByName.get(firstSheetName.toLocaleLowerCase());
+		const lastSheetId = sheetIdsByName.get(lastSheetName.toLocaleLowerCase());
+		const firstIndex = firstSheetId == null ? -1 : sheetOrder.indexOf(firstSheetId);
+		const lastIndex = lastSheetId == null ? -1 : sheetOrder.indexOf(lastSheetId);
+		if (firstIndex < 0 || lastIndex < 0) return;
+		const startIndex = Math.min(firstIndex, lastIndex);
+		const endIndex = Math.max(firstIndex, lastIndex);
+		const areas = sheetOrder.slice(startIndex, endIndex + 1).map((sheetId) => {
+			const reference = new RangeReferenceObject(source.getRangeData(), sheetId, source.getUnitId());
+			this._copyReferenceContext(source, reference);
+			reference.setForcedSheetIdDirect(sheetId);
+			reference.setForcedSheetName(sheetNameMap[sheetId] ?? "");
+			return [reference];
+		});
+		return new MultiAreaReferenceObject(`${firstSheetToken}:${source.getToken()}`, areas, "stack-areas");
+	}
+	_normalizeSheetName(token) {
+		const trimmed = token.trim();
+		if (trimmed.startsWith("'") && trimmed.endsWith("'")) return trimmed.slice(1, -1).replace(/''/g, "'");
+		return trimmed;
+	}
+	_copyReferenceContext(source, target) {
+		target.setDefaultUnitId(source.getDefaultUnitId());
+		target.setDefaultSheetId(source.getDefaultSheetId());
+		target.setUnitData(source.getUnitData());
+		target.setUnitStylesData(source.getUnitStylesData());
+		target.setFilteredOutRows(source.getFilteredOutRows());
+		target.setRuntimeData(source.getRuntimeData());
+		target.setArrayFormulaCellData(source.getArrayFormulaCellData());
+		target.setArrayFormulaRange(source.getArrayFormulaRange());
+		target.setRuntimeArrayFormulaCellData(source.getRuntimeArrayFormulaCellData());
+		target.setRuntimeArrayFormulaRange(source.getRuntimeArrayFormulaRange());
+		target.setRuntimeFeatureCellData(source.getRuntimeFeatureCellData());
+		const currentRow = source.getCurrentRow();
+		const currentColumn = source.getCurrentColumn();
+		if (currentRow != null && currentColumn != null) target.setCurrentRowAndColumn(currentRow, currentColumn);
+		const { x, y } = source.getRefOffset();
+		target.setRefOffset(x, y);
+	}
 	_unionFunction(variant1, variant2) {
 		if (variant1.isError() || variant2.isError()) return ErrorValueObject.create("#REF!");
-		if (!variant1.isReferenceObject() || !variant2.isReferenceObject()) return ErrorValueObject.create("#REF!");
-		variant1 = variant1;
-		variant2 = variant2;
+		if (!(variant1 instanceof BaseReferenceObject) || !(variant2 instanceof BaseReferenceObject)) return ErrorValueObject.create("#REF!");
 		return getRangeReferenceObjectFromCache(variant1, variant2);
 	}
 };
 let UnionNodeFactory = class UnionNodeFactory extends BaseAstNodeFactory {
-	constructor(_functionService) {
+	constructor(_functionService, _currentConfigService) {
 		super();
 		this._functionService = _functionService;
+		this._currentConfigService = _currentConfigService;
 	}
 	get zIndex() {
 		return NODE_ORDER_MAP.get(10) || 100;
 	}
 	create(param) {
-		return new UnionNode(param);
+		return new UnionNode(param, this._currentConfigService);
 	}
 	checkAndCreateNodeType(param) {
 		if (!(param instanceof LexerNode)) return;
@@ -12411,7 +12739,7 @@ let UnionNodeFactory = class UnionNodeFactory extends BaseAstNodeFactory {
 		return this.create(tokenTrim);
 	}
 };
-UnionNodeFactory = __decorate([__decorateParam(0, IFunctionService)], UnionNodeFactory);
+UnionNodeFactory = __decorate([__decorateParam(0, IFunctionService), __decorateParam(1, IFormulaCurrentConfigService)], UnionNodeFactory);
 
 //#endregion
 //#region src/engine/ast-node/value-node.ts
@@ -12432,8 +12760,8 @@ var ValueNode = class extends BaseAstNode {
 		const parent = this.getParent();
 		let isIgnoreNumberPattern = true;
 		if ((parent === null || parent === void 0 ? void 0 : parent.nodeType) === 4) {
-			var _isFunctionExecutorAr, _isFunctionExecutorAr2;
-			isIgnoreNumberPattern = (_isFunctionExecutorAr = (_isFunctionExecutorAr2 = parent.isFunctionExecutorArgumentsIgnoreNumberPattern) === null || _isFunctionExecutorAr2 === void 0 ? void 0 : _isFunctionExecutorAr2.call(parent)) !== null && _isFunctionExecutorAr !== void 0 ? _isFunctionExecutorAr : true;
+			var _isFunctionExecutorAr;
+			isIgnoreNumberPattern = ((_isFunctionExecutorAr = parent.isFunctionExecutorArgumentsIgnoreNumberPattern) === null || _isFunctionExecutorAr === void 0 ? void 0 : _isFunctionExecutorAr.call(parent)) ?? true;
 		}
 		this.setValue(ValueObjectFactory.create(token, isIgnoreNumberPattern));
 	}
@@ -12658,7 +12986,7 @@ let AstTreeBuilder = class AstTreeBuilder extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 		if (astNode == null) {
 			const aggregatorNode = this._createGroupByAggregatorTokenNode(item);
 			if (aggregatorNode != null) return aggregatorNode;
-			return new ErrorFunctionNode();
+			return new ErrorFunctionNode(typeof item === "string" ? item : item.getToken());
 		}
 		return astNode;
 	}
@@ -13317,8 +13645,8 @@ var FormulaDependencyTreeVirtual = class extends FormulaDependencyTreeCalculator
 		return this.refTree.subUnitId;
 	}
 	get formula() {
-		var _this$refTree$formula, _this$refTree;
-		return (_this$refTree$formula = (_this$refTree = this.refTree) === null || _this$refTree === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$refTree.formula) !== null && _this$refTree$formula !== void 0 ? _this$refTree$formula : "";
+		var _this$refTree;
+		return ((_this$refTree = this.refTree) === null || _this$refTree === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$refTree.formula) ?? "";
 	}
 	get nodeData() {
 		return {
@@ -13552,13 +13880,12 @@ var FormulaDependencyTreeModel = class {
 		this.refOffsetY = tree.refOffsetY;
 		this.rangeList = tree.rangeList;
 		if (tree.isVirtual) {
-			var _refTree$treeId, _refTree;
-			this.refTreeId = (_refTree$treeId = (_refTree = tree.refTree) === null || _refTree === void 0 ? void 0 : _refTree.treeId) !== null && _refTree$treeId !== void 0 ? _refTree$treeId : -1;
+			var _refTree;
+			this.refTreeId = ((_refTree = tree.refTree) === null || _refTree === void 0 ? void 0 : _refTree.treeId) ?? -1;
 		} else {
-			var _formulaId, _featureId;
 			this.formula = tree.formula;
-			this.formulaId = (_formulaId = tree.formulaId) !== null && _formulaId !== void 0 ? _formulaId : void 0;
-			this.featureId = (_featureId = tree.featureId) !== null && _featureId !== void 0 ? _featureId : void 0;
+			this.formulaId = tree.formulaId ?? void 0;
+			this.featureId = tree.featureId ?? void 0;
 			this.type = tree.type;
 		}
 	}
@@ -13746,14 +14073,13 @@ let FormulaDependencyGenerator = class FormulaDependencyGenerator extends _unive
 				const columnCount = sheetSize.columnCount > 0 ? sheetSize.columnCount : 1;
 				const subFormulaDataKeys = Object.keys(subFormulaData);
 				for (const subFormulaDataId of subFormulaDataKeys) {
-					var _treeMatrix$getValue;
 					const hasOtherFormula = this._dependencyManagerService.hasOtherFormulaDataMainData(subFormulaDataId);
 					const { f: formulaString, ranges } = subFormulaData[subFormulaDataId];
 					let isCache = false;
 					if (hasOtherFormula) isCache = true;
 					const { firstRow, firstColumn } = this._getFirstCellOfRange(ranges);
 					const treeMatrix = this._dependencyManagerService.getOtherFormulaDependency(unitId, subUnitId, subFormulaDataId);
-					const firstFDtree = new FormulaDependencyTree((_treeMatrix$getValue = treeMatrix === null || treeMatrix === void 0 ? void 0 : treeMatrix.getValue(0, 0)) !== null && _treeMatrix$getValue !== void 0 ? _treeMatrix$getValue : generateRandomDependencyTreeId(this._dependencyManagerService));
+					const firstFDtree = new FormulaDependencyTree((treeMatrix === null || treeMatrix === void 0 ? void 0 : treeMatrix.getValue(0, 0)) ?? generateRandomDependencyTreeId(this._dependencyManagerService));
 					for (let i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
 						const range = ranges[i];
 						const { startRow, startColumn } = range;
@@ -13887,7 +14213,7 @@ let FormulaDependencyGenerator = class FormulaDependencyGenerator extends _unive
 		return this._dependencyTreeCache.get(treeId);
 	}
 	_getTreeNode(tree) {
-		return generateAstNode(tree.unitId, tree.formula, this._lexer, this._astTreeBuilder, this._currentConfigService, tree.subUnitId);
+		return generateAstNode(tree.unitId, tree.formula, this._lexer, this._astTreeBuilder, this._currentConfigService, tree.subUnitId, tree.column, tree.row);
 	}
 	*_traverse(treeList, skippedTreeIds) {
 		const stack = treeList;
@@ -14123,15 +14449,13 @@ let FormulaDependencyGenerator = class FormulaDependencyGenerator extends _unive
 		}
 	}
 	async _executeNode(node, refOffsetX = 0, refOffsetY = 0) {
-		let value;
 		const nodeData = {
 			node,
 			refOffsetX,
 			refOffsetY
 		};
-		if (this._interpreter.checkAsyncNode(node)) value = await this._interpreter.executeAsync(nodeData);
-		else value = this._interpreter.execute(nodeData);
-		return value;
+		const value = this._interpreter.checkAsyncNode(node) ? await this._interpreter.executeAsync(nodeData) : this._interpreter.execute(nodeData);
+		return value instanceof BaseReferenceObject ? value : null;
 	}
 	/**
 	* Calculate the range required for collection in advance,
@@ -14148,8 +14472,8 @@ let FormulaDependencyGenerator = class FormulaDependencyGenerator extends _unive
 		const rangeList = [];
 		for (let i = 0, len = preCalculateNodeList.length; i < len; i++) {
 			const node = preCalculateNodeList[i];
-			const gridRange = (await this._executeNode(node, refOffsetX, refOffsetY)).toUnitRange();
-			rangeList.push(gridRange);
+			const value = await this._executeNode(node, refOffsetX, refOffsetY);
+			if (value != null) rangeList.push(...value.toUnitRanges());
 			node.setValue(null);
 		}
 		return rangeList;
@@ -14284,8 +14608,8 @@ let FormulaDependencyGenerator = class FormulaDependencyGenerator extends _unive
 		const rangeList = [];
 		for (let i = 0, len = referenceFunctionList.length; i < len; i++) {
 			const node = referenceFunctionList[i];
-			const gridRange = (await this._executeNode(node, refOffsetX, refOffsetY)).toUnitRange();
-			rangeList.push(gridRange);
+			const value = await this._executeNode(node, refOffsetX, refOffsetY);
+			if (value != null) rangeList.push(...value.toUnitRanges());
 			node.setValue(null);
 		}
 		return rangeList;
@@ -14658,7 +14982,7 @@ let CalculateFormulaService = class CalculateFormulaService extends _univerjs_co
 		while (treeList.length > 0) {
 			const tree = treeList.pop();
 			this._runtimeService.setCurrent(tree.row, tree.column, tree.rowCount, tree.columnCount, tree.subUnitId, tree.unitId);
-			const node = generateAstNode(tree.unitId, tree.formula, this._lexer, this._astTreeBuilder, this._currentConfigService, tree.subUnitId);
+			const node = generateAstNode(tree.unitId, tree.formula, this._lexer, this._astTreeBuilder, this._currentConfigService, tree.subUnitId, tree.column, tree.row);
 			const nodeData = {
 				node,
 				refOffsetX: tree.refOffsetX,
@@ -14940,7 +15264,7 @@ let CalculateController = class CalculateController extends _univerjs_core.Dispo
 		if (dependencyTreeModelData.length > 0) this._commandService.executeCommand(SetFormulaDependencyCalculationResultMutation.id, { result: dependencyTreeModelData }, { onlyLocal: true });
 	}
 	async _applyResult(data) {
-		const { unitData, unitOtherData, arrayFormulaRange, arrayFormulaCellData, clearArrayFormulaCellData, arrayFormulaEmbedded, imageFormulaData, dependencyTreeModelData } = data;
+		const { unitData, unitOtherData, arrayFormulaRange, arrayFormulaCellData, clearArrayFormulaCellData, arrayFormulaEmbedded, imageFormulaData } = data;
 		if (!unitData) {
 			this._applyTreeResult(data);
 			console.error("No sheetData from Formula Engine!");
@@ -15076,8 +15400,7 @@ var FormulaCalculationSessionService = class extends _univerjs_core.Disposable {
 	}
 	markResultApplied(type = "sheet", result) {
 		if (result && this._currentResult !== result) {
-			var _this$_preAppliedResu;
-			const types = (_this$_preAppliedResu = this._preAppliedResultTypes.get(result)) !== null && _this$_preAppliedResu !== void 0 ? _this$_preAppliedResu : /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+			const types = this._preAppliedResultTypes.get(result) ?? /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
 			types.add(type);
 			this._preAppliedResultTypes.set(result, types);
 			return;
@@ -15639,8 +15962,7 @@ function refactorReferenceSegment(segment, oldName, newName) {
 		const escapedName = newName.replace(/'/g, "''");
 		return quote ? `'[${escapedName}]${sheetName}'!` : `[${newName}]${sheetName}!`;
 	}).replace(TABLE_UNIT_QUALIFIER, (token, boundary, quoted, bracketed, plain) => {
-		var _ref, _ref2;
-		if (!equalsQualifier((_ref = (_ref2 = quoted !== null && quoted !== void 0 ? quoted : bracketed) !== null && _ref2 !== void 0 ? _ref2 : plain) !== null && _ref !== void 0 ? _ref : "", oldName)) return token;
+		if (!equalsQualifier(quoted ?? bracketed ?? plain ?? "", oldName)) return token;
 		if (quoted != null) return `${boundary}'${newName.replace(/'/g, "''")}'!`;
 		if (bracketed != null) return `${boundary}[${newName}]!`;
 		return `${boundary}${quoteQualifier(newName)}!`;
@@ -15698,11 +16020,10 @@ function shouldAppendOpenBracket(functionType) {
 	return functionType !== 16 && functionType !== 17;
 }
 function getFormulaReplaceResult(nodes, index, formulaName, functionType) {
-	var _cloneNodes$pop;
 	if (index === -1) return;
 	const cloneNodes = [...nodes];
 	const lastNodes = cloneNodes.splice(index + 1);
-	const oldNode = (_cloneNodes$pop = cloneNodes.pop()) !== null && _cloneNodes$pop !== void 0 ? _cloneNodes$pop : "";
+	const oldNode = cloneNodes.pop() ?? "";
 	let offset = (typeof oldNode === "string" ? oldNode.length : oldNode.token.length) - formulaName.length;
 	cloneNodes.push(formulaName);
 	if (lastNodes[0] !== "(" && shouldAppendOpenBracket(functionType)) {
@@ -15764,12 +16085,11 @@ function isFormulaReferenceAddingTextContext(formulaText, offset) {
 	return Boolean(character && matchRefDrawToken(character) && (!nextCharacter || isFormulaLexerToken(nextCharacter) && nextCharacter !== "("));
 }
 function resolveFormulaReferenceEditingContext(options) {
-	var _options$selectionSta, _options$selectionEnd;
 	const { formulaText, sequenceNodes } = options;
 	const offset = Math.max(0, Math.min(options.offset, formulaText.length));
 	let nodeIndex = getFormulaSequenceNodeIndex(sequenceNodes, offset);
-	const selectionStart = (_options$selectionSta = options.selectionStart) !== null && _options$selectionSta !== void 0 ? _options$selectionSta : offset;
-	const selectionEnd = (_options$selectionEnd = options.selectionEnd) !== null && _options$selectionEnd !== void 0 ? _options$selectionEnd : selectionStart;
+	const selectionStart = options.selectionStart ?? offset;
+	const selectionEnd = options.selectionEnd ?? selectionStart;
 	if (selectionEnd > selectionStart) nodeIndex = sequenceNodes.findIndex((node) => typeof node !== "string" && isFormulaReferenceNode(node) && node.startIndex < selectionEnd && node.endIndex + 1 > selectionStart);
 	const referenceIndex = getFormulaReferenceIndex(sequenceNodes, nodeIndex);
 	if (referenceIndex !== -1) return {
@@ -15786,7 +16106,7 @@ function resolveFormulaReferenceEditingContext(options) {
 	};
 }
 function getFormulaHighlightDataStream(leadingCharacter, sequenceNodes, sourceText) {
-	return `${leadingCharacter}${sourceText !== null && sourceText !== void 0 ? sourceText : sequenceNodes.map((node) => typeof node === "string" ? node : node.token).join("")}\r\n`;
+	return `${leadingCharacter}${sourceText ?? sequenceNodes.map((node) => typeof node === "string" ? node : node.token).join("")}\r\n`;
 }
 function buildFormulaTextRuns(descriptionService, colors, sequenceNodes, options) {
 	const textRuns = [];
@@ -15796,16 +16116,15 @@ function buildFormulaTextRuns(descriptionService, colors, sequenceNodes, options
 	for (let index = 0; index < sequenceNodes.length; index++) {
 		const node = sequenceNodes[index];
 		if (typeof node === "string") {
-			var _textRuns$at$ed, _textRuns$at;
-			const start = (_textRuns$at$ed = (_textRuns$at = textRuns.at(-1)) === null || _textRuns$at === void 0 ? void 0 : _textRuns$at.ed) !== null && _textRuns$at$ed !== void 0 ? _textRuns$at$ed : 0;
+			var _textRuns;
+			const start = ((_textRuns = textRuns[textRuns.length - 1]) === null || _textRuns === void 0 ? void 0 : _textRuns.ed) ?? 0;
 			textRuns.push(createTextRun(start, start + node.length, colors.plainTextColor));
 			continue;
 		}
 		let color = colors.plainTextColor;
 		if (!descriptionService.hasDefinedNameDescription(node.token.trim())) {
 			if (isFormulaReferenceNode(node)) {
-				var _referenceColors$get;
-				color = (_referenceColors$get = referenceColors.get(node.token)) !== null && _referenceColors$get !== void 0 ? _referenceColors$get : colors.formulaRefColors[refColorIndex % colors.formulaRefColors.length];
+				color = referenceColors.get(node.token) ?? colors.formulaRefColors[refColorIndex % colors.formulaRefColors.length];
 				if (!referenceColors.has(node.token)) {
 					referenceColors.set(node.token, color);
 					refColorIndex += 1;
@@ -15857,13 +16176,13 @@ function applyTextRunColor(textRuns, start, end, color) {
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (run.st < start) {
-			var _run$ts$cl$rgb, _run$ts;
-			nextRuns.push(createTextRun(run.st, start, (_run$ts$cl$rgb = (_run$ts = run.ts) === null || _run$ts === void 0 || (_run$ts = _run$ts.cl) === null || _run$ts === void 0 ? void 0 : _run$ts.rgb) !== null && _run$ts$cl$rgb !== void 0 ? _run$ts$cl$rgb : color));
+			var _run$ts;
+			nextRuns.push(createTextRun(run.st, start, ((_run$ts = run.ts) === null || _run$ts === void 0 || (_run$ts = _run$ts.cl) === null || _run$ts === void 0 ? void 0 : _run$ts.rgb) ?? color));
 		}
 		nextRuns.push(createTextRun(Math.max(run.st, start), Math.min(run.ed, end), color));
 		if (run.ed > end) {
-			var _run$ts$cl$rgb2, _run$ts2;
-			nextRuns.push(createTextRun(end, run.ed, (_run$ts$cl$rgb2 = (_run$ts2 = run.ts) === null || _run$ts2 === void 0 || (_run$ts2 = _run$ts2.cl) === null || _run$ts2 === void 0 ? void 0 : _run$ts2.rgb) !== null && _run$ts$cl$rgb2 !== void 0 ? _run$ts$cl$rgb2 : color));
+			var _run$ts2;
+			nextRuns.push(createTextRun(end, run.ed, ((_run$ts2 = run.ts) === null || _run$ts2 === void 0 || (_run$ts2 = _run$ts2.cl) === null || _run$ts2 === void 0 ? void 0 : _run$ts2.rgb) ?? color));
 		}
 	}
 	textRuns.splice(0, textRuns.length, ...nextRuns);
@@ -16059,6 +16378,14 @@ var BaseFunction = class {
 			"needsAstChildren",
 			false
 		);
+		_defineProperty(
+			this,
+			/**
+			* Arguments that preserve a selected lazy IF branch as a reference array.
+			*/
+			"lazyIfReferenceArrayArgumentIndexes",
+			[]
+		);
 		_defineProperty(
 			this,
 			/**
@@ -18242,7 +18569,7 @@ function getAggregateResult(options, refs) {
 	return result;
 }
 function getArrayValuesByAggregateIgnoreOptions(array, options, formulaDataModel) {
-	const { ignoreRowHidden = false, ignoreErrorValues = false, ignoreNested = false } = options !== null && options !== void 0 ? options : {};
+	const { ignoreRowHidden = false, ignoreErrorValues = false, ignoreNested = false } = options ?? {};
 	const values = [];
 	if (array.isReferenceObject()) {
 		var _unitData$unitId2;
@@ -18368,8 +18695,8 @@ var BetaInv = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 5);
 	}
 	calculate(probability, alpha, beta, A, B) {
-		let _A = A !== null && A !== void 0 ? A : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		let _B = B !== null && B !== void 0 ? B : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		let _A = A ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _B = B ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (_A.isNull()) _A = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_B.isNull()) _B = NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(probability.isArray() ? probability.getRowCount() : 1, alpha.isArray() ? alpha.getRowCount() : 1, beta.isArray() ? beta.getRowCount() : 1, _A.isArray() ? _A.getRowCount() : 1, _B.isArray() ? _B.getRowCount() : 1);
@@ -19172,6 +19499,7 @@ var PercentileInc = class extends BaseFunction {
 		super(..._args);
 		_defineProperty(this, "minParams", 2);
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
+		_defineProperty(this, "lazyIfReferenceArrayArgumentIndexes", [0]);
 	}
 	calculate(array, k) {
 		const arrayValues = getArrayValuesByAggregateIgnoreOptions(array);
@@ -19201,7 +19529,7 @@ var PercentrankInc = class extends BaseFunction {
 	}
 	calculate(array, x, significance) {
 		const arrayValues = this._getValues(array);
-		let _significance = significance !== null && significance !== void 0 ? significance : NumberValueObject.create(3);
+		let _significance = significance ?? NumberValueObject.create(3);
 		if (_significance.isNull()) _significance = NumberValueObject.create(3);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(x.isArray() ? x.getRowCount() : 1, _significance.isArray() ? _significance.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(x.isArray() ? x.getColumnCount() : 1, _significance.isArray() ? _significance.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -19763,8 +20091,8 @@ var Betadist = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 5);
 	}
 	calculate(x, alpha, beta, A, B) {
-		let _A = A !== null && A !== void 0 ? A : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		let _B = B !== null && B !== void 0 ? B : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		let _A = A ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _B = B ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (_A.isNull()) _A = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_B.isNull()) _B = NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(x.isArray() ? x.getRowCount() : 1, alpha.isArray() ? alpha.getRowCount() : 1, beta.isArray() ? beta.getRowCount() : 1, _A.isArray() ? _A.getRowCount() : 1, _B.isArray() ? _B.getRowCount() : 1);
@@ -20020,12 +20348,13 @@ var Rank = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "minParams", 2);
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsReferenceObject", true);
+		_defineProperty(this, "lazyIfReferenceArrayArgumentIndexes", [1]);
 	}
 	calculate(number, ref, order) {
 		let _number = number;
 		if (_number.isReferenceObject()) _number = _number.toArrayValueObject();
 		const { refHasError, refErrorObject, refNumbers } = this._checkRefReferenceObject(ref);
-		let _order = order !== null && order !== void 0 ? order : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _order = order ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_order.isReferenceObject()) _order = _order.toArrayValueObject();
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(_number.isArray() ? _number.getRowCount() : 1, _order.isArray() ? _order.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(_number.isArray() ? _number.getColumnCount() : 1, _order.isArray() ? _order.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -21062,7 +21391,7 @@ var Days360 = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(startDate, endDate, method) {
-		const _method = method !== null && method !== void 0 ? method : BooleanValueObject.create(false);
+		const _method = method ?? BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		if (startDate.isError()) return startDate;
 		if (endDate.isError()) return endDate;
 		if (_method.isError()) return _method;
@@ -21176,7 +21505,7 @@ var Epochtodate = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsReferenceObject", true);
 	}
 	calculate(timestamp, unit) {
-		const _unit = unit !== null && unit !== void 0 ? unit : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _unit = unit ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const { isError, errorObject, timestampIsReferenceObject, timestampObject, unitObject } = this._checkVariants(timestamp, _unit);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		if (timestampObject.isNull() || timestampObject.isBoolean() || timestampObject.isString()) return ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!");
@@ -21683,7 +22012,7 @@ var Today = class extends BaseFunction {
 	}
 	calculate() {
 		const now = /* @__PURE__ */ new Date();
-		const currentSerial = excelDateSerial(new Date(Date.UTC(now.getUTCFullYear(), now.getUTCMonth(), now.getUTCDate())));
+		const currentSerial = excelDateSerial(new Date(Date.UTC(now.getFullYear(), now.getMonth(), now.getDate())));
 		return NumberValueObject.create(currentSerial, DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT);
 	}
 };
@@ -21789,7 +22118,7 @@ var Weekday = class extends BaseFunction {
 		});
 	}
 	calculate(serialNumber, returnType) {
-		const _returnType = returnType !== null && returnType !== void 0 ? returnType : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _returnType = returnType ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (serialNumber.isError()) return serialNumber;
 		if (_returnType.isError()) return _returnType;
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(serialNumber.isArray() ? serialNumber.getRowCount() : 1, _returnType.isArray() ? _returnType.getRowCount() : 1);
@@ -21843,7 +22172,7 @@ var Weeknum = class extends BaseFunction {
 	}
 	calculate(serialNumber, returnType) {
 		let _serialNumber = serialNumber;
-		let _returnType = returnType !== null && returnType !== void 0 ? returnType : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		let _returnType = returnType ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (_serialNumber.isArray()) {
 			const rowCount = _serialNumber.getRowCount();
 			const columnCount = _serialNumber.getColumnCount();
@@ -21977,7 +22306,7 @@ var WorkdayIntl = class extends BaseFunction {
 		return this._handleSingleObject(startDate, days, weekend, holidays);
 	}
 	_handleSingleObject(startDate, days, weekend, holidays) {
-		const _weekend = weekend !== null && weekend !== void 0 ? weekend : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _weekend = weekend ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const _startDate = this._checkArrayError(startDate);
 		if (_startDate.isError()) return _startDate;
 		const _days = this._checkArrayError(days);
@@ -22074,7 +22403,7 @@ var Yearfrac = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(startDate, endDate, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const _startDate = checkVariantErrorIsArray(startDate);
 		if (_startDate.isError()) return _startDate;
 		const _endDate = checkVariantErrorIsArray(endDate);
@@ -22919,7 +23248,7 @@ var Complex = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(realNum, iNum, suffix) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(realNum, iNum, suffix !== null && suffix !== void 0 ? suffix : StringValueObject.create("i"));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(realNum, iNum, suffix ?? StringValueObject.create("i"));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [realNumObject, iNumObject, suffixObject] = variants;
 		const realNumValue = +realNumObject.getValue();
@@ -24719,7 +25048,7 @@ var Delta = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(number1, number2) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(number1, number2 !== null && number2 !== void 0 ? number2 : NumberValueObject.create(0));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(number1, number2 ?? NumberValueObject.create(0));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [number1Object, number2Object] = variants;
 		const number1Value = +number1Object.getValue();
@@ -24827,7 +25156,7 @@ var Gestep = class extends BaseFunction {
 	}
 	calculate(number, step) {
 		if (number.isNull()) return ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(number, step !== null && step !== void 0 ? step : NumberValueObject.create(0));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(number, step ?? NumberValueObject.create(0));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [numberObject, stepObject] = variants;
 		const numberValue = +numberObject.getValue();
@@ -25223,7 +25552,7 @@ var Imlog = class extends BaseFunction {
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(inumber);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [inumberObject] = variants;
-		let _base = base !== null && base !== void 0 ? base : NumberValueObject.create(10);
+		let _base = base ?? NumberValueObject.create(10);
 		if (_base.isArray()) {
 			const rowCount = _base.getRowCount();
 			const columnCount = _base.getColumnCount();
@@ -26086,8 +26415,8 @@ var Accrint = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 8);
 	}
 	calculate(issue, firstInterest, settlement, rate, par, frequency, basis, calcMethod) {
-		const _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _calcMethod = calcMethod !== null && calcMethod !== void 0 ? calcMethod : BooleanValueObject.create(true);
+		const _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _calcMethod = calcMethod ?? BooleanValueObject.create(true);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(issue, firstInterest, settlement, rate, par, frequency, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [issueObject, firstInterestObject, settlementObject, rateObject, parObject, frequencyObject, basisObject] = variants;
@@ -26166,7 +26495,7 @@ var Accrintm = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 5);
 	}
 	calculate(issue, settlement, rate, par, basis) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(issue, settlement, rate, par, basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(issue, settlement, rate, par, basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [issueObject, settlementObject, rateObject, parObject, basisObject] = variants;
 		const issueSerialNumber = getDateSerialNumberByObject(issueObject);
@@ -26194,7 +26523,7 @@ var Amorlinc = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 7);
 	}
 	calculate(cost, datePurchased, firstPeriod, salvage, period, rate, basis) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(cost, datePurchased, firstPeriod, salvage, period, rate, basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(cost, datePurchased, firstPeriod, salvage, period, rate, basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [costObject, datePurchasedObject, firstPeriodObject, salvageObject, periodObject, rateObject, basisObject] = variants;
 		const datePurchasedSerialNumber = getDateSerialNumberByObject(datePurchasedObject);
@@ -26241,7 +26570,7 @@ var Coupdaybs = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 4);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [settlementObject, maturityObject, frequencyObject, basisObject] = variants;
 		const settlementSerialNumber = getDateSerialNumberByObject(settlementObject);
@@ -26270,7 +26599,7 @@ var Coupdays = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 4);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [settlementObject, maturityObject, frequencyObject, basisObject] = variants;
 		const settlementSerialNumber = getDateSerialNumberByObject(settlementObject);
@@ -26299,7 +26628,7 @@ var Coupdaysnc = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 4);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [settlementObject, maturityObject, frequencyObject, basisObject] = variants;
 		const settlementSerialNumber = getDateSerialNumberByObject(settlementObject);
@@ -26334,7 +26663,7 @@ var Coupncd = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 4);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [settlementObject, maturityObject, frequencyObject, basisObject] = variants;
 		const settlementSerialNumber = getDateSerialNumberByObject(settlementObject);
@@ -26363,7 +26692,7 @@ var Coupnum = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 4);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [settlementObject, maturityObject, frequencyObject, basisObject] = variants;
 		const settlementSerialNumber = getDateSerialNumberByObject(settlementObject);
@@ -26393,7 +26722,7 @@ var Couppcd = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 4);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [settlementObject, maturityObject, frequencyObject, basisObject] = variants;
 		const settlementSerialNumber = getDateSerialNumberByObject(settlementObject);
@@ -26506,7 +26835,7 @@ var Db = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsLocale", true);
 	}
 	calculate(cost, salvage, life, period, month) {
-		let _month = month !== null && month !== void 0 ? month : NumberValueObject.create(12);
+		let _month = month ?? NumberValueObject.create(12);
 		if (_month.isNull()) _month = NumberValueObject.create(12);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(cost.isArray() ? cost.getRowCount() : 1, salvage.isArray() ? salvage.getRowCount() : 1, life.isArray() ? life.getRowCount() : 1, period.isArray() ? period.getRowCount() : 1, _month.isArray() ? _month.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(cost.isArray() ? cost.getColumnCount() : 1, salvage.isArray() ? salvage.getColumnCount() : 1, life.isArray() ? life.getColumnCount() : 1, period.isArray() ? period.getColumnCount() : 1, _month.isArray() ? _month.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -26562,7 +26891,7 @@ var Ddb = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsLocale", true);
 	}
 	calculate(cost, salvage, life, period, factor) {
-		let _factor = factor !== null && factor !== void 0 ? factor : NumberValueObject.create(2);
+		let _factor = factor ?? NumberValueObject.create(2);
 		if (_factor.isNull()) _factor = NumberValueObject.create(2);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(cost.isArray() ? cost.getRowCount() : 1, salvage.isArray() ? salvage.getRowCount() : 1, life.isArray() ? life.getRowCount() : 1, period.isArray() ? period.getRowCount() : 1, _factor.isArray() ? _factor.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(cost.isArray() ? cost.getColumnCount() : 1, salvage.isArray() ? salvage.getColumnCount() : 1, life.isArray() ? life.getColumnCount() : 1, period.isArray() ? period.getColumnCount() : 1, _factor.isArray() ? _factor.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -26600,7 +26929,7 @@ var Disc = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 5);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [settlementObject, maturityObject, prObject, redemptionObject, basisObject] = variants;
 		const settlementSerialNumber = getDateSerialNumberByObject(settlementObject);
@@ -26677,7 +27006,7 @@ var Duration = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 6);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -26734,8 +27063,8 @@ var Fv = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsLocale", true);
 	}
 	calculate(rate, nper, pmt, pv, type) {
-		const _pv = pv !== null && pv !== void 0 ? pv : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _type = type !== null && type !== void 0 ? type : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _pv = pv ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _type = type ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(rate.isArray() ? rate.getRowCount() : 1, nper.isArray() ? nper.getRowCount() : 1, pmt.isArray() ? pmt.getRowCount() : 1, _pv.isArray() ? _pv.getRowCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(rate.isArray() ? rate.getColumnCount() : 1, nper.isArray() ? nper.getColumnCount() : 1, pmt.isArray() ? pmt.getColumnCount() : 1, _pv.isArray() ? _pv.getColumnCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const rateArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, rate, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -26800,7 +27129,7 @@ var Intrate = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 5);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, basis) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [settlementObject, maturityObject, investmentObject, redemptionObject, basisObject] = variants;
 		const settlementSerialNumber = getDateSerialNumberByObject(settlementObject);
@@ -26828,8 +27157,8 @@ var Ipmt = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsLocale", true);
 	}
 	calculate(rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) {
-		const _fv = fv !== null && fv !== void 0 ? fv : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _type = type !== null && type !== void 0 ? type : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _fv = fv ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _type = type ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(rate.isArray() ? rate.getRowCount() : 1, per.isArray() ? per.getRowCount() : 1, nper.isArray() ? nper.getRowCount() : 1, pv.isArray() ? pv.getRowCount() : 1, _fv.isArray() ? _fv.getRowCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(rate.isArray() ? rate.getColumnCount() : 1, per.isArray() ? per.getColumnCount() : 1, nper.isArray() ? nper.getColumnCount() : 1, pv.isArray() ? pv.getColumnCount() : 1, _fv.isArray() ? _fv.getColumnCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const rateArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, rate, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -26868,7 +27197,7 @@ var Irr = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(values, guess) {
-		let _guess = guess !== null && guess !== void 0 ? guess : NumberValueObject.create(.1);
+		let _guess = guess ?? NumberValueObject.create(.1);
 		if (_guess.isNull()) _guess = NumberValueObject.create(.1);
 		if (_guess.isArray()) return _guess.map((guessObject, rowIndex, columnIndex) => this._handleSingleObject(values, guessObject, rowIndex, columnIndex));
 		return this._handleSingleObject(values, _guess);
@@ -26967,7 +27296,7 @@ var Mduration = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 6);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -27123,8 +27452,8 @@ var Nper = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 5);
 	}
 	calculate(rate, pmt, pv, fv, type) {
-		const _fv = fv !== null && fv !== void 0 ? fv : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _type = type !== null && type !== void 0 ? type : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _fv = fv ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _type = type ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(rate.isArray() ? rate.getRowCount() : 1, pmt.isArray() ? pmt.getRowCount() : 1, pv.isArray() ? pv.getRowCount() : 1, _fv.isArray() ? _fv.getRowCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(rate.isArray() ? rate.getColumnCount() : 1, pmt.isArray() ? pmt.getColumnCount() : 1, pv.isArray() ? pv.getColumnCount() : 1, _fv.isArray() ? _fv.getColumnCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const rateArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, rate, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -27235,7 +27564,7 @@ var Oddfprice = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 9);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, issue, firstCoupon, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, issue, firstCoupon, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -27279,7 +27608,7 @@ var Oddfyield = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 9);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, issue, firstCoupon, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, issue, firstCoupon, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -27332,7 +27661,7 @@ var Oddlprice = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 8);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, lastInterest, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, lastInterest, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -27417,7 +27746,7 @@ var Oddlyield = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 9);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, lastInterest, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, lastInterest, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -27534,8 +27863,8 @@ var Pmt = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsLocale", true);
 	}
 	calculate(rate, nper, pv, fv, type) {
-		const _fv = fv !== null && fv !== void 0 ? fv : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _type = type !== null && type !== void 0 ? type : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _fv = fv ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _type = type ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(rate.isArray() ? rate.getRowCount() : 1, nper.isArray() ? nper.getRowCount() : 1, pv.isArray() ? pv.getRowCount() : 1, _fv.isArray() ? _fv.getRowCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(rate.isArray() ? rate.getColumnCount() : 1, nper.isArray() ? nper.getColumnCount() : 1, pv.isArray() ? pv.getColumnCount() : 1, _fv.isArray() ? _fv.getColumnCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const rateArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, rate, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -27573,8 +27902,8 @@ var Ppmt = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsLocale", true);
 	}
 	calculate(rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) {
-		const _fv = fv !== null && fv !== void 0 ? fv : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _type = type !== null && type !== void 0 ? type : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _fv = fv ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _type = type ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(rate.isArray() ? rate.getRowCount() : 1, per.isArray() ? per.getRowCount() : 1, nper.isArray() ? nper.getRowCount() : 1, pv.isArray() ? pv.getRowCount() : 1, _fv.isArray() ? _fv.getRowCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(rate.isArray() ? rate.getColumnCount() : 1, per.isArray() ? per.getColumnCount() : 1, nper.isArray() ? nper.getColumnCount() : 1, pv.isArray() ? pv.getColumnCount() : 1, _fv.isArray() ? _fv.getColumnCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const rateArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, rate, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -27613,7 +27942,7 @@ var Price = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 7);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -27647,7 +27976,7 @@ var Pricedisc = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 5);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, discount, redemption, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, discount, redemption, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -27676,7 +28005,7 @@ var Pricemat = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 6);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, issue, rate, yld, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, issue, rate, yld, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -27715,8 +28044,8 @@ var Pv = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsLocale", true);
 	}
 	calculate(rate, nper, pmt, fv, type) {
-		const _fv = fv !== null && fv !== void 0 ? fv : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _type = type !== null && type !== void 0 ? type : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _fv = fv ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _type = type ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(rate.isArray() ? rate.getRowCount() : 1, nper.isArray() ? nper.getRowCount() : 1, pmt.isArray() ? pmt.getRowCount() : 1, _fv.isArray() ? _fv.getRowCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(rate.isArray() ? rate.getColumnCount() : 1, nper.isArray() ? nper.getColumnCount() : 1, pmt.isArray() ? pmt.getColumnCount() : 1, _fv.isArray() ? _fv.getColumnCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const rateArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, rate, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -27753,9 +28082,9 @@ var Rate = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 6);
 	}
 	calculate(nper, pmt, pv, fv, type, guess) {
-		const _fv = fv !== null && fv !== void 0 ? fv : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _type = type !== null && type !== void 0 ? type : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _guess = guess !== null && guess !== void 0 ? guess : NumberValueObject.create(.1);
+		const _fv = fv ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _type = type ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _guess = guess ?? NumberValueObject.create(.1);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(nper.isArray() ? nper.getRowCount() : 1, pmt.isArray() ? pmt.getRowCount() : 1, pv.isArray() ? pv.getRowCount() : 1, _fv.isArray() ? _fv.getRowCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getRowCount() : 1, _guess.isArray() ? _guess.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(nper.isArray() ? nper.getColumnCount() : 1, pmt.isArray() ? pmt.getColumnCount() : 1, pv.isArray() ? pv.getColumnCount() : 1, _fv.isArray() ? _fv.getColumnCount() : 1, _type.isArray() ? _type.getColumnCount() : 1, _guess.isArray() ? _guess.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const nperArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, nper, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -27840,7 +28169,7 @@ var Received = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 5);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, investment, discount, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, investment, discount, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -28062,9 +28391,9 @@ var Vdb = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsLocale", true);
 	}
 	calculate(cost, salvage, life, startPeriod, endPeriod, factor, noSwitch) {
-		let _factor = factor !== null && factor !== void 0 ? factor : NumberValueObject.create(2);
+		let _factor = factor ?? NumberValueObject.create(2);
 		if (_factor.isNull()) _factor = NumberValueObject.create(2);
-		let _noSwitch = noSwitch !== null && noSwitch !== void 0 ? noSwitch : BooleanValueObject.create(false);
+		let _noSwitch = noSwitch ?? BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		if (_noSwitch.isNull()) _noSwitch = BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(cost.isArray() ? cost.getRowCount() : 1, salvage.isArray() ? salvage.getRowCount() : 1, life.isArray() ? life.getRowCount() : 1, startPeriod.isArray() ? startPeriod.getRowCount() : 1, endPeriod.isArray() ? endPeriod.getRowCount() : 1, _factor.isArray() ? _factor.getRowCount() : 1, _noSwitch.isArray() ? _noSwitch.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(cost.isArray() ? cost.getColumnCount() : 1, salvage.isArray() ? salvage.getColumnCount() : 1, life.isArray() ? life.getColumnCount() : 1, startPeriod.isArray() ? startPeriod.getColumnCount() : 1, endPeriod.isArray() ? endPeriod.getColumnCount() : 1, _factor.isArray() ? _factor.getColumnCount() : 1, _noSwitch.isArray() ? _noSwitch.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -28158,7 +28487,7 @@ var Xirr = class extends BaseFunction {
 		if (values.isNull() || dates.isNull()) return ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
 		const { isError, errorObejct, _values, _dates } = this._checkErrors(values, dates);
 		if (isError) return errorObejct;
-		let _guess = guess !== null && guess !== void 0 ? guess : NumberValueObject.create(.1);
+		let _guess = guess ?? NumberValueObject.create(.1);
 		if (_guess.isNull()) _guess = NumberValueObject.create(.1);
 		const { isError: _isError_guess, errorObject: _errorObject_guess, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArrayOrBoolean(_guess);
 		if (_isError_guess) return _errorObject_guess;
@@ -28501,7 +28830,7 @@ var Yield = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 7);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -28554,7 +28883,7 @@ var Yielddisc = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 5);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -28583,7 +28912,7 @@ var Yieldmat = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 6);
 	}
 	calculate(settlement, maturity, issue, rate, pr, basis) {
-		let _basis = basis !== null && basis !== void 0 ? basis : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _basis = basis ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_basis.isNull()) _basis = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsNullorArrayOrBoolean(settlement, maturity, issue, rate, pr, _basis);
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
@@ -28718,6 +29047,7 @@ var Cell = class extends BaseFunction {
 		if (_reference.isError()) return _reference;
 		if (!_reference.isReferenceObject()) return ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
 		const { columnData, defaultColumnWidth } = _reference.getCurrentActiveSheetData();
+		const forcedSheetName = _reference.getForcedSheetName();
 		_reference = _reference.toArrayValueObject();
 		const _currentRow = _reference.getCurrentRow();
 		const _currentColumn = _reference.getCurrentColumn();
@@ -28725,7 +29055,7 @@ var Cell = class extends BaseFunction {
 		const infoTypeValue = `${infoType.getValue()}`;
 		let result;
 		switch (infoTypeValue.toLocaleLowerCase()) {
-			case "address": return StringValueObject.create(`$${_univerjs_core.Tools.chatAtABC(_currentColumn)}$${_currentRow + 1}`);
+			case "address": return StringValueObject.create(`${forcedSheetName ? `${addQuotesBothSides(forcedSheetName)}!` : ""}$${_univerjs_core.Tools.chatAtABC(_currentColumn)}$${_currentRow + 1}`);
 			case "col": return NumberValueObject.create(_currentColumn + 1);
 			case "color": return NumberValueObject.create(0);
 			case "contents": return _reference;
@@ -28794,7 +29124,7 @@ var Isbetween = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 5);
 	}
 	calculate(valueToCompare, lowerValue, upperValue, lowerValueIsInclusive, upperValueIsInclusive) {
-		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArray(valueToCompare, lowerValue, upperValue, lowerValueIsInclusive !== null && lowerValueIsInclusive !== void 0 ? lowerValueIsInclusive : BooleanValueObject.create(true), upperValueIsInclusive !== null && upperValueIsInclusive !== void 0 ? upperValueIsInclusive : BooleanValueObject.create(true));
+		const { isError, errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsArray(valueToCompare, lowerValue, upperValue, lowerValueIsInclusive ?? BooleanValueObject.create(true), upperValueIsInclusive ?? BooleanValueObject.create(true));
 		if (isError) return errorObject;
 		const [valueToCompareObject, lowerValueObject, upperValueObject, lowerValueIsInclusiveObject, upperValueIsInclusiveObject] = variants;
 		if (lowerValueIsInclusiveObject.isString() || upperValueIsInclusiveObject.isString()) return ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!");
@@ -28816,8 +29146,13 @@ var Isblank = class extends BaseFunction {
 		super(..._args);
 		_defineProperty(this, "minParams", 1);
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 1);
+		_defineProperty(this, "needsReferenceObject", true);
 	}
 	calculate(value) {
+		if (value instanceof BaseReferenceObject) {
+			const array = value.toArrayValueObject(false).mapValue((valueObject) => BooleanValueObject.create(valueObject.isNull()));
+			return array.getRowCount() === 1 && array.getColumnCount() === 1 ? array.getFirstCell() : array;
+		}
 		if (value.isNull()) return BooleanValueObject.create(true);
 		else if (value.isArray()) return value.mapValue((valueObject) => {
 			if (valueObject.isNull()) return BooleanValueObject.create(true);
@@ -29580,10 +29915,7 @@ var Groupby = class extends BaseFunction {
 			return {
 				rowCount: array.getRowCount(),
 				columnCount: array.getColumnCount(),
-				valueAt: (row, column) => {
-					var _array$get;
-					return (_array$get = array.get(row, column)) !== null && _array$get !== void 0 ? _array$get : NullValueObject.create();
-				}
+				valueAt: (row, column) => array.get(row, column) ?? NullValueObject.create()
 			};
 		}
 		return {
@@ -29653,10 +29985,7 @@ var Groupby = class extends BaseFunction {
 		}
 	}
 	_sum(values) {
-		return values.reduce((sum, value) => {
-			var _this$_numericValue;
-			return sum + ((_this$_numericValue = this._numericValue(value)) !== null && _this$_numericValue !== void 0 ? _this$_numericValue : 0);
-		}, 0);
+		return values.reduce((sum, value) => sum + (this._numericValue(value) ?? 0), 0);
 	}
 	_numericValue(value) {
 		return value.isNumber() ? Number(value.getValue()) : void 0;
@@ -29664,10 +29993,7 @@ var Groupby = class extends BaseFunction {
 	_numberValue(variant) {
 		if (variant == null || variant.isError()) return 0;
 		if (variant.isReferenceObject()) variant = variant.getFirstCell();
-		if (variant.isArray()) {
-			var _get;
-			variant = (_get = variant.get(0, 0)) !== null && _get !== void 0 ? _get : NullValueObject.create();
-		}
+		if (variant.isArray()) variant = variant.get(0, 0) ?? NullValueObject.create();
 		const value = variant.getValue();
 		return typeof value === "number" ? Math.trunc(value) : Math.trunc(Number(value) || 0);
 	}
@@ -30526,6 +30852,7 @@ var Choose = class extends BaseFunction {
 		super(..._args);
 		_defineProperty(this, "minParams", 2);
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 255);
+		_defineProperty(this, "lazyIfReferenceArrayArgumentIndexes", Array.from({ length: this.maxParams - 1 }, (_, index) => index + 1));
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsReferenceObject", true);
 	}
 	calculate(indexNum, ...variants) {
@@ -30710,7 +31037,7 @@ var Drop = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(array, rows, columns) {
-		const _columns = columns !== null && columns !== void 0 ? columns : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _columns = columns ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const arrayRowCount = array.isArray() ? array.getRowCount() : 1;
 		const arrayColumnCount = array.isArray() ? array.getColumnCount() : 1;
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(rows.isArray() ? rows.getRowCount() : 1, _columns.isArray() ? _columns.getRowCount() : 1);
@@ -30785,8 +31112,8 @@ var Expand = class extends BaseFunction {
 		const arrayRowCount = array.isArray() ? array.getRowCount() : 1;
 		const arrayColumnCount = array.isArray() ? array.getColumnCount() : 1;
 		let _rows = rows;
-		let _columns = columns !== null && columns !== void 0 ? columns : NumberValueObject.create(arrayColumnCount);
-		const _padWith = padWith !== null && padWith !== void 0 ? padWith : ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
+		let _columns = columns ?? NumberValueObject.create(arrayColumnCount);
+		const _padWith = padWith ?? ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
 		if (rows.isNull()) _rows = NumberValueObject.create(arrayRowCount);
 		if (_columns.isNull()) _columns = NumberValueObject.create(arrayColumnCount);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(_rows.isArray() ? _rows.getRowCount() : 1, _columns.isArray() ? _columns.getRowCount() : 1);
@@ -30878,7 +31205,7 @@ var Filter = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(array, include, ifEmpty) {
-		const _ifEmpty = ifEmpty !== null && ifEmpty !== void 0 ? ifEmpty : ErrorValueObject.create("#CALC!");
+		const _ifEmpty = ifEmpty ?? ErrorValueObject.create("#CALC!");
 		if (array.isError()) return array;
 		if (include.isError()) return include;
 		const arrayRowCount = array.isArray() ? array.getRowCount() : 1;
@@ -31130,7 +31457,7 @@ var ImageFunction = class extends BaseFunction {
 			if (altText.isBoolean()) altTextValue = altText.getValue() ? "TRUE" : "FALSE";
 			else if (!altText.isNull()) altTextValue = `${altText.getValue()}`;
 		}
-		let _sizing = sizing !== null && sizing !== void 0 ? sizing : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _sizing = sizing ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_sizing.isString()) _sizing = _sizing.convertToNumberObjectValue();
 		if (_sizing.isError()) return _sizing;
 		const sizingValue = Math.abs(Math.trunc(+_sizing.getValue()));
@@ -31140,11 +31467,11 @@ var ImageFunction = class extends BaseFunction {
 			1,
 			2
 		].includes(sizingValue) && (height || width)) return ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!");
-		let _height = height !== null && height !== void 0 ? height : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _height = height ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_height.isString()) _height = _height.convertToNumberObjectValue();
 		if (_height.isError()) return _height;
 		const heightValue = Math.ceil(+_height.getValue());
-		let _width = width !== null && width !== void 0 ? width : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _width = width ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_width.isString()) _width = _width.convertToNumberObjectValue();
 		if (_width.isError()) return _width;
 		const widthValue = Math.ceil(+_width.getValue());
@@ -31186,7 +31513,7 @@ var Index = class extends BaseFunction {
 		if (rowNum.isReferenceObject()) _rowNum = rowNum.toArrayValueObject();
 		let _columnNum = columnNum;
 		if (_columnNum === null || _columnNum === void 0 ? void 0 : _columnNum.isReferenceObject()) _columnNum = columnNum.toArrayValueObject();
-		let _areaNum = areaNum !== null && areaNum !== void 0 ? areaNum : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		let _areaNum = areaNum ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (_areaNum.isReferenceObject()) _areaNum = areaNum.toArrayValueObject();
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(_rowNum.isArray() ? _rowNum.getRowCount() : 1, (_columnNum === null || _columnNum === void 0 ? void 0 : _columnNum.isArray()) ? _columnNum.getRowCount() : 1, _areaNum.isArray() ? _areaNum.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(_rowNum.isArray() ? _rowNum.getColumnCount() : 1, (_columnNum === null || _columnNum === void 0 ? void 0 : _columnNum.isArray()) ? _columnNum.getColumnCount() : 1, _areaNum.isArray() ? _areaNum.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -31446,6 +31773,7 @@ var Match = class extends BaseFunction {
 		super(..._args);
 		_defineProperty(this, "minParams", 2);
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
+		_defineProperty(this, "lazyIfReferenceArrayArgumentIndexes", [1]);
 	}
 	calculate(lookupValue, lookupArray, matchType) {
 		if (lookupValue.isError()) return lookupValue;
@@ -31478,236 +31806,6 @@ var Match = class extends BaseFunction {
 	}
 };
 
-//#endregion
-//#region src/engine/reference-object/multi-area-reference-object.ts
-var MultiAreaReferenceObject = class extends BaseReferenceObject {
-	constructor(token, areas = []) {
-		super(token);
-		_defineProperty(this, "_areas", []);
-		this._areas = areas;
-	}
-	dispose() {
-		this._areas.forEach((row) => {
-			row.forEach((a) => a.dispose());
-		});
-		this._areas = [];
-		super.dispose();
-	}
-	getAreas() {
-		return this._areas;
-	}
-	setAreas(areas) {
-		this._areas = areas;
-	}
-	/**
-	* Append an area:
-	* - If a single AreaValue is passed, it will be wrapped as one row.
-	* - If an AreaValue[] is passed, it will be inserted as an entire row.
-	*/
-	addArea(area) {
-		if (Array.isArray(area)) this._areas.push(area);
-		else this._areas.push([area]);
-	}
-	/** Flatten the 2D areas to reuse 1D logic */
-	_flatAreas() {
-		return this._areas.flat();
-	}
-	isMultiArea() {
-		return true;
-	}
-	isRange() {
-		return false;
-	}
-	isCell() {
-		return false;
-	}
-	isRow() {
-		return false;
-	}
-	isColumn() {
-		return false;
-	}
-	getRowCount() {
-		let total = 0;
-		for (const a of this._flatAreas()) {
-			if (a.isError()) continue;
-			total += a.getRowCount();
-		}
-		return total;
-	}
-	getColumnCount() {
-		let total = 0;
-		for (const a of this._flatAreas()) {
-			if (a.isError()) continue;
-			total += a.getColumnCount();
-		}
-		return total;
-	}
-	isExceedRange() {
-		return this._flatAreas().some((a) => {
-			if (a.isError()) return false;
-			return a.isExceedRange();
-		});
-	}
-	setRefOffset(x = 0, y = 0) {
-		super.setRefOffset(x, y);
-		this._flatAreas().forEach((a) => {
-			if (a.isError()) return;
-			a.setRefOffset(x, y);
-		});
-	}
-	_getReferenceArea() {
-		return this._flatAreas().find((a) => !a.isError());
-	}
-	/**
-	* Multi-area reference may span multiple sheets, but Excel requires
-	* them to be in the same sheet for most functions. We follow Excel semantics
-	* by returning the first area’s identifiers.
-	*/
-	getUnitId() {
-		var _this$_getReferenceAr, _this$_getReferenceAr2;
-		return (_this$_getReferenceAr = (_this$_getReferenceAr2 = this._getReferenceArea()) === null || _this$_getReferenceAr2 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_getReferenceAr2.getUnitId()) !== null && _this$_getReferenceAr !== void 0 ? _this$_getReferenceAr : super.getUnitId();
-	}
-	getSheetId() {
-		var _this$_getReferenceAr3, _this$_getReferenceAr4;
-		return (_this$_getReferenceAr3 = (_this$_getReferenceAr4 = this._getReferenceArea()) === null || _this$_getReferenceAr4 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_getReferenceAr4.getSheetId()) !== null && _this$_getReferenceAr3 !== void 0 ? _this$_getReferenceAr3 : super.getSheetId();
-	}
-	getActiveSheetRowCount() {
-		var _this$_getReferenceAr5, _this$_getReferenceAr6;
-		return (_this$_getReferenceAr5 = (_this$_getReferenceAr6 = this._getReferenceArea()) === null || _this$_getReferenceAr6 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_getReferenceAr6.getActiveSheetRowCount()) !== null && _this$_getReferenceAr5 !== void 0 ? _this$_getReferenceAr5 : 0;
-	}
-	getActiveSheetColumnCount() {
-		var _this$_getReferenceAr7, _this$_getReferenceAr8;
-		return (_this$_getReferenceAr7 = (_this$_getReferenceAr8 = this._getReferenceArea()) === null || _this$_getReferenceAr8 === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_getReferenceAr8.getActiveSheetColumnCount()) !== null && _this$_getReferenceAr7 !== void 0 ? _this$_getReferenceAr7 : 0;
-	}
-	/**
-	* Iterate through all areas in order, flattening the multi-area into
-	* a sequence of cells.
-	*
-	* Note: The order here is "row-major":
-	*   iterate by the row order of _areas, then within each row by the area order.
-	*/
-	iterator(callback) {
-		for (const row of this._areas) {
-			let stopRow = false;
-			for (const area of row) {
-				if (area.isError()) continue;
-				let stopArea = false;
-				area.iterator((v, r, c) => {
-					const res = callback(v, r, c);
-					if (res === false) {
-						stopArea = true;
-						stopRow = true;
-						return false;
-					}
-					return res;
-				});
-				if (stopArea) break;
-			}
-			if (stopRow) return;
-		}
-	}
-	/**
-	* Excel defines the "first cell" of a multi-area reference
-	* as the first cell of the first area.
-	*/
-	getFirstCell() {
-		const first = this._getReferenceArea();
-		if (!first) return super.getFirstCell();
-		return first.getFirstCell();
-	}
-	/**
-	* For multi-area, we only take the *first cell* of each area and
-	* arrange them into a 2D ArrayValueObject:
-	*
-	* - outer `_areas` dimension => rows
-	* - inner `_areas[row]` dimension => columns
-	*/
-	toArrayValueObject() {
-		var _this$_areas$0$length, _this$_areas$;
-		const rows = this._areas.length;
-		if (rows === 0) return createNewArray([], 0, 0);
-		const cols = (_this$_areas$0$length = (_this$_areas$ = this._areas[0]) === null || _this$_areas$ === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$_areas$.length) !== null && _this$_areas$0$length !== void 0 ? _this$_areas$0$length : 0;
-		const result = [];
-		for (let r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
-			const rowAreas = this._areas[r];
-			if (!rowAreas) continue;
-			result[r] = result[r] || [];
-			for (let c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
-				const area = rowAreas[c];
-				if (!area) continue;
-				if (area.isError()) {
-					result[r][c] = area;
-					continue;
-				}
-				let firstValue = null;
-				area.iterator((v) => {
-					firstValue = v !== null && v !== void 0 ? v : null;
-					return false;
-				});
-				if (firstValue != null) result[r][c] = firstValue;
-				result[r][c] = NullValueObject.create();
-			}
-		}
-		return createNewArray(result, rows, cols);
-	}
-	getRangePosition() {
-		const flat = this._flatAreas();
-		if (!flat.length) return super.getRangePosition();
-		let minStartRow = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-		let minStartColumn = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-		let maxEndRow = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-		let maxEndColumn = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-		for (const area of flat) {
-			if (area.isError()) continue;
-			const { startRow, startColumn, endRow, endColumn } = area.getRangePosition();
-			if (!Number.isFinite(startRow) || !Number.isFinite(startColumn) || !Number.isFinite(endRow) || !Number.isFinite(endColumn)) continue;
-			if (startRow < minStartRow) minStartRow = startRow;
-			if (startColumn < minStartColumn) minStartColumn = startColumn;
-			if (endRow > maxEndRow) maxEndRow = endRow;
-			if (endColumn > maxEndColumn) maxEndColumn = maxEndColumn < endColumn ? endColumn : maxEndColumn;
-		}
-		if (!Number.isFinite(minStartRow) || !Number.isFinite(minStartColumn) || !Number.isFinite(maxEndRow) || !Number.isFinite(maxEndColumn)) return super.getRangePosition();
-		return {
-			startRow: minStartRow,
-			startColumn: minStartColumn,
-			endRow: maxEndRow,
-			endColumn: maxEndColumn
-		};
-	}
-	toUnitRange() {
-		return {
-			range: this.getRangePosition(),
-			sheetId: this.getSheetId(),
-			unitId: this.getUnitId()
-		};
-	}
-	getRangeData() {
-		const flat = this._flatAreas();
-		if (!flat.length) return super.getRangeData();
-		let minStartRow = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-		let minStartColumn = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-		let maxEndRow = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-		let maxEndColumn = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-		for (const area of flat) {
-			if (area.isError()) continue;
-			const { startRow, startColumn, endRow, endColumn } = area.getRangeData();
-			if (!Number.isFinite(startRow) || !Number.isFinite(startColumn) || !Number.isFinite(endRow) || !Number.isFinite(endColumn)) continue;
-			if (startRow < minStartRow) minStartRow = startRow;
-			if (startColumn < minStartColumn) minStartColumn = startColumn;
-			if (endRow > maxEndRow) maxEndRow = endRow;
-			if (endColumn > maxEndColumn) maxEndColumn = endColumn;
-		}
-		if (!Number.isFinite(minStartRow) || !Number.isFinite(minStartColumn) || !Number.isFinite(maxEndRow) || !Number.isFinite(maxEndColumn)) return super.getRangeData();
-		return {
-			startRow: minStartRow,
-			startColumn: minStartColumn,
-			endRow: maxEndRow,
-			endColumn: maxEndColumn
-		};
-	}
-};
-
 //#endregion
 //#region src/functions/lookup/offset/index.ts
 var Offset = class extends BaseFunction {
@@ -31733,10 +31831,10 @@ var Offset = class extends BaseFunction {
 		if (_rows.isReferenceObject()) _rows = _rows.toArrayValueObject();
 		let _columns = columns;
 		if (_columns.isReferenceObject()) _columns = _columns.toArrayValueObject();
-		let _height = height !== null && height !== void 0 ? height : NumberValueObject.create(rowCount);
+		let _height = height ?? NumberValueObject.create(rowCount);
 		if (_height.isReferenceObject()) _height = _height.toArrayValueObject();
 		if (_height.isNull()) _height = NumberValueObject.create(rowCount);
-		let _width = width !== null && width !== void 0 ? width : NumberValueObject.create(columnCount);
+		let _width = width ?? NumberValueObject.create(columnCount);
 		if (_width.isReferenceObject()) _width = _width.toArrayValueObject();
 		if (_width.isNull()) _width = NumberValueObject.create(columnCount);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(_rows.isArray() ? _rows.getRowCount() : 1, _columns.isArray() ? _columns.getRowCount() : 1, _height.isArray() ? _height.getRowCount() : 1, _width.isArray() ? _width.getRowCount() : 1);
@@ -31873,9 +31971,9 @@ var Sort = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 4);
 	}
 	calculate(array, sortIndex, sortOrder, byCol) {
-		let _sortIndex = sortIndex !== null && sortIndex !== void 0 ? sortIndex : NumberValueObject.create(1);
-		let _sortOrder = sortOrder !== null && sortOrder !== void 0 ? sortOrder : NumberValueObject.create(1);
-		const _byCol = byCol !== null && byCol !== void 0 ? byCol : BooleanValueObject.create(false);
+		let _sortIndex = sortIndex ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		let _sortOrder = sortOrder ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _byCol = byCol ?? BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		if (_sortIndex.isNull()) _sortIndex = NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (_sortOrder.isNull()) _sortOrder = NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (_byCol.isArray()) {
@@ -32212,7 +32310,7 @@ var Take = class extends BaseFunction {
 		const arrayRowCount = array.isArray() ? array.getRowCount() : 1;
 		const arrayColumnCount = array.isArray() ? array.getColumnCount() : 1;
 		let _rows = rows;
-		let _columns = columns !== null && columns !== void 0 ? columns : NumberValueObject.create(arrayColumnCount);
+		let _columns = columns ?? NumberValueObject.create(arrayColumnCount);
 		if (rows.isNull()) _rows = NumberValueObject.create(arrayRowCount);
 		if (_columns.isNull()) _columns = NumberValueObject.create(arrayColumnCount);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(_rows.isArray() ? _rows.getRowCount() : 1, _columns.isArray() ? _columns.getRowCount() : 1);
@@ -32287,8 +32385,8 @@ var Tocol = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(array, ignore, scanByColumn) {
-		const _ignore = ignore !== null && ignore !== void 0 ? ignore : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _scanByColumn = scanByColumn !== null && scanByColumn !== void 0 ? scanByColumn : BooleanValueObject.create(false);
+		const _ignore = ignore ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _scanByColumn = scanByColumn ?? BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(_ignore.isArray() ? _ignore.getRowCount() : 1, _scanByColumn.isArray() ? _scanByColumn.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(_ignore.isArray() ? _ignore.getColumnCount() : 1, _scanByColumn.isArray() ? _scanByColumn.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const ignoreArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, _ignore, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -32363,8 +32461,8 @@ var Torow = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(array, ignore, scanByColumn) {
-		const _ignore = ignore !== null && ignore !== void 0 ? ignore : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _scanByColumn = scanByColumn !== null && scanByColumn !== void 0 ? scanByColumn : BooleanValueObject.create(false);
+		const _ignore = ignore ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _scanByColumn = scanByColumn ?? BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(_ignore.isArray() ? _ignore.getRowCount() : 1, _scanByColumn.isArray() ? _scanByColumn.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(_ignore.isArray() ? _ignore.getColumnCount() : 1, _scanByColumn.isArray() ? _scanByColumn.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const ignoreArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, _ignore, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -32459,8 +32557,8 @@ var Unique = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(array, byCol, exactlyOnce) {
-		const _byCol = byCol !== null && byCol !== void 0 ? byCol : BooleanValueObject.create(false);
-		const _exactlyOnce = exactlyOnce !== null && exactlyOnce !== void 0 ? exactlyOnce : BooleanValueObject.create(false);
+		const _byCol = byCol ?? BooleanValueObject.create(false);
+		const _exactlyOnce = exactlyOnce ?? BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		const arrayRowCount = array.isArray() ? array.getRowCount() : 1;
 		const arrayColumnCount = array.isArray() ? array.getColumnCount() : 1;
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(_byCol.isArray() ? _byCol.getRowCount() : 1, _exactlyOnce.isArray() ? _exactlyOnce.getRowCount() : 1);
@@ -32589,7 +32687,7 @@ var Vlookup = class extends BaseFunction {
 		if (!tableArray.isArray()) return ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!");
 		if (colIndexNum.isError()) return colIndexNum;
 		if (rangeLookup === null || rangeLookup === void 0 ? void 0 : rangeLookup.isError()) return rangeLookup;
-		const _rangeLookup = rangeLookup !== null && rangeLookup !== void 0 ? rangeLookup : BooleanValueObject.create(true);
+		const _rangeLookup = rangeLookup ?? BooleanValueObject.create(true);
 		if (isSingleValueObject(lookupValue) && isSingleValueObject(_rangeLookup) && colIndexNum.isArray()) return this._handleArrayColIndexNum(lookupValue, tableArray, colIndexNum, _rangeLookup);
 		return this._handleNonArrayColIndexNum(lookupValue, tableArray, colIndexNum, _rangeLookup);
 	}
@@ -32712,7 +32810,7 @@ var Wrapcols = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(vector, wrapCount, padWith) {
-		let _padWith = padWith !== null && padWith !== void 0 ? padWith : ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
+		let _padWith = padWith ?? ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
 		if (_padWith.isNull()) _padWith = ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
 		const vectorRowCount = vector.isArray() ? vector.getRowCount() : 1;
 		const vectorColumnCount = vector.isArray() ? vector.getColumnCount() : 1;
@@ -32767,7 +32865,7 @@ var Wraprows = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(vector, wrapCount, padWith) {
-		let _padWith = padWith !== null && padWith !== void 0 ? padWith : ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
+		let _padWith = padWith ?? ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
 		if (_padWith.isNull()) _padWith = ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
 		const vectorRowCount = vector.isArray() ? vector.getRowCount() : 1;
 		const vectorColumnCount = vector.isArray() ? vector.getColumnCount() : 1;
@@ -32825,13 +32923,13 @@ var Xlookup = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 6);
 	}
 	calculate(lookupValue, lookupArray, returnArray, ifNotFound, matchMode, searchMode) {
-		let _ifNotFound = ifNotFound !== null && ifNotFound !== void 0 ? ifNotFound : ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
+		let _ifNotFound = ifNotFound ?? ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
 		if (ifNotFound === null || ifNotFound === void 0 ? void 0 : ifNotFound.isNull()) _ifNotFound = ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
-		let _matchMode = matchMode !== null && matchMode !== void 0 ? matchMode : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _matchMode = matchMode ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (matchMode === null || matchMode === void 0 ? void 0 : matchMode.isNull()) _matchMode = NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		let _searchMode = searchMode !== null && searchMode !== void 0 ? searchMode : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		let _searchMode = searchMode ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (searchMode === null || searchMode === void 0 ? void 0 : searchMode.isNull()) _searchMode = NumberValueObject.create(1);
-		const _lookupValue = this._legacyImplicitLookupValue(lookupValue);
+		const _lookupValue = this.currentFormulaRowCount > 1 || this.currentFormulaColumnCount > 1 ? lookupValue : this._legacyImplicitLookupValue(lookupValue);
 		if (_lookupValue.isError()) return _lookupValue;
 		const rowCountLookup = lookupArray.isArray() ? lookupArray.getRowCount() : 1;
 		const columnCountLookup = lookupArray.isArray() ? lookupArray.getColumnCount() : 1;
@@ -33467,7 +33565,7 @@ var Base = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(number, radix, minLength) {
-		const _minLength = minLength !== null && minLength !== void 0 ? minLength : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _minLength = minLength ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (number.isError()) return number;
 		if (radix.isError()) return radix;
 		if (_minLength.isError()) return _minLength;
@@ -33549,8 +33647,8 @@ var CeilingMath = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(number, significance, mode) {
-		const _significance = significance !== null && significance !== void 0 ? significance : NumberValueObject.create(1);
-		const _mode = mode !== null && mode !== void 0 ? mode : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _significance = significance ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _mode = mode ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (number.isError()) return number;
 		if (_significance.isError()) return _significance;
 		if (_mode.isError()) return _mode;
@@ -33595,7 +33693,7 @@ var CeilingPrecise = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(number, significance) {
-		const _significance = significance !== null && significance !== void 0 ? significance : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _significance = significance ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (number.isError()) return number;
 		if (_significance.isError()) return _significance;
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getRowCount() : 1, _significance.isArray() ? _significance.getRowCount() : 1);
@@ -34009,8 +34107,8 @@ var FloorMath = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(number, significance, mode) {
-		const _significance = significance !== null && significance !== void 0 ? significance : NumberValueObject.create(1);
-		const _mode = mode !== null && mode !== void 0 ? mode : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _significance = significance ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _mode = mode ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getRowCount() : 1, _significance.isArray() ? _significance.getRowCount() : 1, _mode.isArray() ? _mode.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getColumnCount() : 1, _significance.isArray() ? _significance.getColumnCount() : 1, _mode.isArray() ? _mode.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const numberArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, number, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -34049,7 +34147,7 @@ var FloorPrecise = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(number, significance) {
-		const _significance = significance !== null && significance !== void 0 ? significance : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _significance = significance ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (number.isError()) return number;
 		if (_significance.isError()) return _significance;
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getRowCount() : 1, _significance.isArray() ? _significance.getRowCount() : 1);
@@ -34249,7 +34347,7 @@ var Log = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(number, base) {
-		const _base = base !== null && base !== void 0 ? base : NumberValueObject.create(10);
+		const _base = base ?? NumberValueObject.create(10);
 		if (number.isError()) return number;
 		if (_base.isError()) return _base;
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getRowCount() : 1, _base.isArray() ? _base.getRowCount() : 1);
@@ -34762,11 +34860,11 @@ var Randarray = class extends BaseFunction {
 		if (min === null || min === void 0 ? void 0 : min.isError()) return min;
 		if (max === null || max === void 0 ? void 0 : max.isError()) return max;
 		if (wholeNumber === null || wholeNumber === void 0 ? void 0 : wholeNumber.isError()) return wholeNumber;
-		const _rows = rows !== null && rows !== void 0 ? rows : NumberValueObject.create(1);
-		const _columns = columns !== null && columns !== void 0 ? columns : NumberValueObject.create(1);
-		const _min = min !== null && min !== void 0 ? min : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _max = max !== null && max !== void 0 ? max : NumberValueObject.create(1);
-		const _wholeNumber = wholeNumber !== null && wholeNumber !== void 0 ? wholeNumber : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _rows = rows ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _columns = columns ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _min = min ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _max = max ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _wholeNumber = wholeNumber ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		return this._calculateResult(_rows, _columns, _min, _max, _wholeNumber);
 	}
 	_calculateResult(rows, columns, min, max, wholeNumber) {
@@ -34913,7 +35011,7 @@ var Roman = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(number, form) {
-		const _form = form !== null && form !== void 0 ? form : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _form = form ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getRowCount() : 1, _form.isArray() ? _form.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getColumnCount() : 1, _form.isArray() ? _form.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const numberArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, number, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -35120,9 +35218,9 @@ var Sequence = class extends BaseFunction {
 	}
 	calculate(rows, columns, start, step) {
 		let _rows = rows;
-		let _columns = columns !== null && columns !== void 0 ? columns : NumberValueObject.create(1);
-		let _start = start !== null && start !== void 0 ? start : NumberValueObject.create(1);
-		let _step = step !== null && step !== void 0 ? step : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		let _columns = columns ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		let _start = start ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		let _step = step ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (_rows.isNull()) _rows = NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (_columns.isNull()) _columns = NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (_start.isNull()) _start = NumberValueObject.create(1);
@@ -35476,8 +35574,7 @@ var Subtotal = class extends BaseFunction {
 		multiAreaRefs.forEach((ref) => {
 			const rowAreas = ref.getAreas().map((row) => {
 				if (!row || row.length === 0) return ref;
-				const firstNonError = row.find((a) => !a.isError());
-				return firstNonError !== null && firstNonError !== void 0 ? firstNonError : row[0];
+				return row.find((a) => !a.isError()) ?? row[0];
 			});
 			multiAreaInfoMap.set(ref, {
 				ref,
@@ -35626,6 +35723,7 @@ var Sumproduct = class extends BaseFunction {
 		super(..._args);
 		_defineProperty(this, "minParams", 1);
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 255);
+		_defineProperty(this, "lazyIfReferenceArrayArgumentIndexes", Array.from({ length: this.maxParams }, (_, index) => index));
 	}
 	calculate(array1, ...variants) {
 		if (array1.isError()) return array1;
@@ -35688,8 +35786,7 @@ var Sumproduct = class extends BaseFunction {
 	*/
 	_getVariantCell(variant, row, col) {
 		if (!variant.isArray()) return variant;
-		const cell = variant.get(row, col);
-		return cell !== null && cell !== void 0 ? cell : null;
+		return variant.get(row, col) ?? null;
 	}
 	_initArray1(array1) {
 		let _array1 = array1;
@@ -35971,7 +36068,7 @@ var Trunc = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(number, numDigits) {
-		const _numDigits = numDigits !== null && numDigits !== void 0 ? numDigits : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _numDigits = numDigits ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getRowCount() : 1, _numDigits.isArray() ? _numDigits.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getColumnCount() : 1, _numDigits.isArray() ? _numDigits.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const numberArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, number, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -36616,8 +36713,8 @@ var BetaDist = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 6);
 	}
 	calculate(x, alpha, beta, cumulative, A, B) {
-		let _A = A !== null && A !== void 0 ? A : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		let _B = B !== null && B !== void 0 ? B : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		let _A = A ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _B = B ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (_A.isNull()) _A = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_B.isNull()) _B = NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(x.isArray() ? x.getRowCount() : 1, alpha.isArray() ? alpha.getRowCount() : 1, beta.isArray() ? beta.getRowCount() : 1, cumulative.isArray() ? cumulative.getRowCount() : 1, _A.isArray() ? _A.getRowCount() : 1, _B.isArray() ? _B.getRowCount() : 1);
@@ -36672,7 +36769,7 @@ var BinomDistRange = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 4);
 	}
 	calculate(trials, probabilityS, numberS, numberS2) {
-		let _numberS2 = numberS2 !== null && numberS2 !== void 0 ? numberS2 : numberS;
+		let _numberS2 = numberS2 ?? numberS;
 		if (_numberS2.isNull()) _numberS2 = numberS;
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(trials.isArray() ? trials.getRowCount() : 1, probabilityS.isArray() ? probabilityS.getRowCount() : 1, numberS.isArray() ? numberS.getRowCount() : 1, _numberS2.isArray() ? _numberS2.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(trials.isArray() ? trials.getColumnCount() : 1, probabilityS.isArray() ? probabilityS.getColumnCount() : 1, numberS.isArray() ? numberS.getColumnCount() : 1, _numberS2.isArray() ? _numberS2.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -37545,7 +37642,7 @@ var Growth = class extends BaseFunction {
 		if (knownXsValues instanceof ErrorValueObject) return knownXsValues;
 		const newXsValues = this._getNewXsValues(knownXsValues, newXs);
 		if (newXsValues instanceof ErrorValueObject) return newXsValues;
-		let _constb = constb !== null && constb !== void 0 ? constb : BooleanValueObject.create(true);
+		let _constb = constb ?? BooleanValueObject.create(true);
 		if (_constb.isArray()) _constb = _constb.get(0, 0);
 		if (_constb.isString()) _constb = _constb.convertToNumberObjectValue();
 		if (_constb.isError()) return _constb;
@@ -37825,9 +37922,9 @@ var Linest = class extends BaseFunction {
 		if (knownYsValues instanceof ErrorValueObject) return knownYsValues;
 		const knownXsValues = this._getKnownXsValues(knownYsValues, knownXs);
 		if (knownXsValues instanceof ErrorValueObject) return knownXsValues;
-		let _constb = constb !== null && constb !== void 0 ? constb : BooleanValueObject.create(true);
+		let _constb = constb ?? BooleanValueObject.create(true);
 		if (_constb.isArray()) _constb = _constb.get(0, 0);
-		let _stats = stats !== null && stats !== void 0 ? stats : BooleanValueObject.create(false);
+		let _stats = stats ?? BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		if (_stats.isArray()) _stats = _stats.get(0, 0);
 		const { isError: _isError, errorObject: _errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsStringToNumber(_constb, _stats);
 		if (_isError) return _errorObject;
@@ -37982,9 +38079,9 @@ var Logest = class extends BaseFunction {
 		if (knownYsValues instanceof ErrorValueObject) return knownYsValues;
 		const knownXsValues = this._getKnownXsValues(knownYsValues, knownXs);
 		if (knownXsValues instanceof ErrorValueObject) return knownXsValues;
-		let _constb = constb !== null && constb !== void 0 ? constb : BooleanValueObject.create(true);
+		let _constb = constb ?? BooleanValueObject.create(true);
 		if (_constb.isArray()) _constb = _constb.get(0, 0);
-		let _stats = stats !== null && stats !== void 0 ? stats : BooleanValueObject.create(false);
+		let _stats = stats ?? BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		if (_stats.isArray()) _stats = _stats.get(0, 0);
 		const { isError: _isError, errorObject: _errorObject, variants } = checkVariantsErrorIsStringToNumber(_constb, _stats);
 		if (_isError) return _errorObject;
@@ -38324,6 +38421,7 @@ var Median = class extends BaseFunction {
 		super(..._args);
 		_defineProperty(this, "minParams", 1);
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 255);
+		_defineProperty(this, "lazyIfReferenceArrayArgumentIndexes", Array.from({ length: this.maxParams }, (_, index) => index));
 	}
 	calculate(...variants) {
 		const values = [];
@@ -38654,6 +38752,7 @@ var PercentileExc = class extends BaseFunction {
 		super(..._args);
 		_defineProperty(this, "minParams", 2);
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
+		_defineProperty(this, "lazyIfReferenceArrayArgumentIndexes", [0]);
 	}
 	calculate(array, k) {
 		const arrayValues = getArrayValuesByAggregateIgnoreOptions(array);
@@ -38683,7 +38782,7 @@ var PercentrankExc = class extends BaseFunction {
 	}
 	calculate(array, x, significance) {
 		const arrayValues = this._getValues(array);
-		let _significance = significance !== null && significance !== void 0 ? significance : NumberValueObject.create(3);
+		let _significance = significance ?? NumberValueObject.create(3);
 		if (_significance.isNull()) _significance = NumberValueObject.create(3);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(x.isArray() ? x.getRowCount() : 1, _significance.isArray() ? _significance.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(x.isArray() ? x.getColumnCount() : 1, _significance.isArray() ? _significance.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -38846,7 +38945,7 @@ var Prob = class extends BaseFunction {
 	}
 	calculate(xRange, probRange, lowerLimit, upperLimit) {
 		const { isError, errorObject, xRangeValues, probRangeValues } = this._handleXRangeAndProbRange(xRange, probRange);
-		let _upperLimit = upperLimit !== null && upperLimit !== void 0 ? upperLimit : lowerLimit;
+		let _upperLimit = upperLimit ?? lowerLimit;
 		if (upperLimit === null || upperLimit === void 0 ? void 0 : upperLimit.isNull()) _upperLimit = lowerLimit;
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(lowerLimit.isArray() ? lowerLimit.getRowCount() : 1, _upperLimit.isArray() ? _upperLimit.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(lowerLimit.isArray() ? lowerLimit.getColumnCount() : 1, _upperLimit.isArray() ? _upperLimit.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -38971,12 +39070,13 @@ var RankAvg = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "minParams", 2);
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsReferenceObject", true);
+		_defineProperty(this, "lazyIfReferenceArrayArgumentIndexes", [1]);
 	}
 	calculate(number, ref, order) {
 		let _number = number;
 		if (_number.isReferenceObject()) _number = _number.toArrayValueObject();
 		const { refHasError, refErrorObject, refNumbers } = this._checkRefReferenceObject(ref);
-		let _order = order !== null && order !== void 0 ? order : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _order = order ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_order.isReferenceObject()) _order = _order.toArrayValueObject();
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(_number.isArray() ? _number.getRowCount() : 1, _order.isArray() ? _order.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(_number.isArray() ? _number.getColumnCount() : 1, _order.isArray() ? _order.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -39045,12 +39145,13 @@ var RankEq = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "minParams", 2);
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsReferenceObject", true);
+		_defineProperty(this, "lazyIfReferenceArrayArgumentIndexes", [1]);
 	}
 	calculate(number, ref, order) {
 		let _number = number;
 		if (_number.isReferenceObject()) _number = _number.toArrayValueObject();
 		const { refHasError, refErrorObject, refNumbers } = this._checkRefReferenceObject(ref);
-		let _order = order !== null && order !== void 0 ? order : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _order = order ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_order.isReferenceObject()) _order = _order.toArrayValueObject();
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(_number.isArray() ? _number.getRowCount() : 1, _order.isArray() ? _order.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(_number.isArray() ? _number.getColumnCount() : 1, _order.isArray() ? _order.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -39609,7 +39710,7 @@ var Trend = class extends BaseFunction {
 		if (knownXsValues instanceof ErrorValueObject) return knownXsValues;
 		const newXsValues = this._getNewXsValues(knownXsValues, newXs);
 		if (newXsValues instanceof ErrorValueObject) return newXsValues;
-		let _constb = constb !== null && constb !== void 0 ? constb : BooleanValueObject.create(true);
+		let _constb = constb ?? BooleanValueObject.create(true);
 		if (_constb.isArray()) _constb = _constb.get(0, 0);
 		if (_constb.isString()) _constb = _constb.convertToNumberObjectValue();
 		if (_constb.isError()) return _constb;
@@ -39878,7 +39979,7 @@ var Arraytotext = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(array, format) {
-		let _format = format !== null && format !== void 0 ? format : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		let _format = format ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (format === null || format === void 0 ? void 0 : format.isNull()) _format = NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		if (_format.isArray()) {
 			const resultArray = _format.mapValue((formatObject) => this._handleSingleObject(array, formatObject));
@@ -40188,12 +40289,11 @@ var Concatenate = class extends BaseFunction {
 			return arrayValue.getUnitId() !== "" && arrayValue.getSheetId() !== "" && arrayValue.getCurrentRow() >= 0 && arrayValue.getCurrentColumn() >= 0;
 		});
 		for (const textValue of textValues) result = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, textValue, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A")).mapValue((textValueObject, rowIndex, columnIndex) => {
-			var _resultValueObject$ge, _textValueObject$getV;
 			const resultValueObject = result && result.get(rowIndex, columnIndex);
 			if (resultValueObject === null || resultValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : resultValueObject.isError()) return resultValueObject;
 			if (textValueObject.isError()) return textValueObject;
-			const resultValueObjectString = (resultValueObject === null || resultValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : resultValueObject.isNull()) ? "" : formatValueForFormulaText((_resultValueObject$ge = resultValueObject === null || resultValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : resultValueObject.getValue()) !== null && _resultValueObject$ge !== void 0 ? _resultValueObject$ge : null);
-			const textValueObjectString = (textValueObject === null || textValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : textValueObject.isNull()) ? "" : formatValueForFormulaText((_textValueObject$getV = textValueObject === null || textValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : textValueObject.getValue()) !== null && _textValueObject$getV !== void 0 ? _textValueObject$getV : null);
+			const resultValueObjectString = (resultValueObject === null || resultValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : resultValueObject.isNull()) ? "" : formatValueForFormulaText((resultValueObject === null || resultValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : resultValueObject.getValue()) ?? null);
+			const textValueObjectString = (textValueObject === null || textValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : textValueObject.isNull()) ? "" : formatValueForFormulaText((textValueObject === null || textValueObject === void 0 ? void 0 : textValueObject.getValue()) ?? null);
 			return StringValueObject.create(`${resultValueObjectString}${textValueObjectString}`);
 		});
 		if (!result) return ErrorValueObject.create("#VALUE!");
@@ -40249,7 +40349,7 @@ var Dollar = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "needsLocale", true);
 	}
 	calculate(number, decimals) {
-		let _decimals = decimals !== null && decimals !== void 0 ? decimals : NumberValueObject.create(2);
+		let _decimals = decimals ?? NumberValueObject.create(2);
 		if (_decimals.isNull()) _decimals = NumberValueObject.create(2);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getRowCount() : 1, _decimals.isArray() ? _decimals.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getColumnCount() : 1, _decimals.isArray() ? _decimals.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -40348,7 +40448,7 @@ var Find = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(findText, withinText, startNum) {
-		const _startNum = startNum !== null && startNum !== void 0 ? startNum : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _startNum = startNum ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(findText.isArray() ? findText.getRowCount() : 1, withinText.isArray() ? withinText.getRowCount() : 1, _startNum.isArray() ? _startNum.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(findText.isArray() ? findText.getColumnCount() : 1, withinText.isArray() ? withinText.getColumnCount() : 1, _startNum.isArray() ? _startNum.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const findTextArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, findText, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -40442,7 +40542,7 @@ var Findb = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(findText, withinText, startNum) {
-		const _startNum = startNum !== null && startNum !== void 0 ? startNum : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _startNum = startNum ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(findText.isArray() ? findText.getRowCount() : 1, withinText.isArray() ? withinText.getRowCount() : 1, _startNum.isArray() ? _startNum.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(findText.isArray() ? findText.getColumnCount() : 1, withinText.isArray() ? withinText.getColumnCount() : 1, _startNum.isArray() ? _startNum.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const findTextArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, findText, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -40484,9 +40584,9 @@ var Fixed = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(number, decimals, noCommas) {
-		let _decimals = decimals !== null && decimals !== void 0 ? decimals : NumberValueObject.create(2);
+		let _decimals = decimals ?? NumberValueObject.create(2);
 		if (_decimals.isNull()) _decimals = NumberValueObject.create(2);
-		let _noCommas = noCommas !== null && noCommas !== void 0 ? noCommas : BooleanValueObject.create(false);
+		let _noCommas = noCommas ?? BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		if (_noCommas.isNull()) _noCommas = BooleanValueObject.create(false);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getRowCount() : 1, _decimals.isArray() ? _decimals.getRowCount() : 1, _noCommas.isArray() ? _noCommas.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(number.isArray() ? number.getColumnCount() : 1, _decimals.isArray() ? _decimals.getColumnCount() : 1, _noCommas.isArray() ? _noCommas.getColumnCount() : 1);
@@ -40533,7 +40633,7 @@ var Left = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(text, numChars) {
-		const _numChars = numChars !== null && numChars !== void 0 ? numChars : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _numChars = numChars ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getRowCount() : 1, _numChars.isArray() ? _numChars.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getColumnCount() : 1, _numChars.isArray() ? _numChars.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const textArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, text, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -40570,7 +40670,7 @@ var Leftb = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(text, numBytes) {
-		const _numBytes = numBytes !== null && numBytes !== void 0 ? numBytes : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _numBytes = numBytes ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getRowCount() : 1, _numBytes.isArray() ? _numBytes.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getColumnCount() : 1, _numBytes.isArray() ? _numBytes.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const textArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, text, NullValueObject.create());
@@ -40885,7 +40985,7 @@ var Numbervalue = class extends BaseFunction {
 		return true;
 	}
 	calculate(text, decimalSeparator, groupSeparator) {
-		const _decimalSeparator = decimalSeparator !== null && decimalSeparator !== void 0 ? decimalSeparator : StringValueObject.create(".");
+		const _decimalSeparator = decimalSeparator ?? StringValueObject.create(".");
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getRowCount() : 1, _decimalSeparator.isArray() ? _decimalSeparator.getRowCount() : 1, (groupSeparator === null || groupSeparator === void 0 ? void 0 : groupSeparator.isArray()) ? groupSeparator.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getColumnCount() : 1, _decimalSeparator.isArray() ? _decimalSeparator.getColumnCount() : 1, (groupSeparator === null || groupSeparator === void 0 ? void 0 : groupSeparator.isArray()) ? groupSeparator.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const textArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, text, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -41416,8 +41516,7 @@ function isValidRegExp(regExpString) {
 	return !(/\(\?<=.*?\)/g.test(regExpString) && !/\[.*?(\?<=.*?)\]/g.test(regExpString) || /\(\?<!.*?\)/g.test(regExpString) && !/\[.*?(\?<!.*?)\]/g.test(regExpString));
 }
 function isSafeRegExp(regExp, options) {
-	var _options$limit;
-	const limit = (_options$limit = options === null || options === void 0 ? void 0 : options.limit) !== null && _options$limit !== void 0 ? _options$limit : 25;
+	const limit = (options === null || options === void 0 ? void 0 : options.limit) ?? 25;
 	let str;
 	if (Object.prototype.toString.call(regExp) === "[object RegExp]") str = regExp.source;
 	else if (regExp && typeof regExp !== "string") str = `${regExp}`;
@@ -41697,7 +41796,7 @@ var Right = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(text, numChars) {
-		const _numChars = numChars !== null && numChars !== void 0 ? numChars : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _numChars = numChars ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getRowCount() : 1, _numChars.isArray() ? _numChars.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getColumnCount() : 1, _numChars.isArray() ? _numChars.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const textArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, text, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -41734,7 +41833,7 @@ var Rightb = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(text, numBytes) {
-		const _numBytes = numBytes !== null && numBytes !== void 0 ? numBytes : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _numBytes = numBytes ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getRowCount() : 1, _numBytes.isArray() ? _numBytes.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getColumnCount() : 1, _numBytes.isArray() ? _numBytes.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const textArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, text, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -41777,7 +41876,7 @@ var Search = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(findText, withinText, startNum) {
-		const _startNum = startNum !== null && startNum !== void 0 ? startNum : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _startNum = startNum ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(findText.isArray() ? findText.getRowCount() : 1, withinText.isArray() ? withinText.getRowCount() : 1, _startNum.isArray() ? _startNum.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(findText.isArray() ? findText.getColumnCount() : 1, withinText.isArray() ? withinText.getColumnCount() : 1, _startNum.isArray() ? _startNum.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const findTextArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, findText, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -41818,7 +41917,7 @@ var Searchb = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 3);
 	}
 	calculate(findText, withinText, startNum) {
-		const _startNum = startNum !== null && startNum !== void 0 ? startNum : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		const _startNum = startNum ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(findText.isArray() ? findText.getRowCount() : 1, withinText.isArray() ? withinText.getRowCount() : 1, _startNum.isArray() ? _startNum.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(findText.isArray() ? findText.getColumnCount() : 1, withinText.isArray() ? withinText.getColumnCount() : 1, _startNum.isArray() ? _startNum.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const findTextArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, findText, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -41991,15 +42090,15 @@ var Textafter = class extends BaseFunction {
 	}
 	calculate(text, delimiter, instanceNum, matchMode, matchEnd, ifNotFound) {
 		let instanceNumIsNull = false;
-		let _instanceNum = instanceNum !== null && instanceNum !== void 0 ? instanceNum : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		let _instanceNum = instanceNum ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (_instanceNum.isNull()) {
 			instanceNumIsNull = true;
 			_instanceNum = NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		}
 		const onlyThreeVariant = !matchMode;
-		const _matchMode = matchMode !== null && matchMode !== void 0 ? matchMode : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _matchEnd = matchEnd !== null && matchEnd !== void 0 ? matchEnd : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _ifNotFound = ifNotFound !== null && ifNotFound !== void 0 ? ifNotFound : ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
+		const _matchMode = matchMode ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _matchEnd = matchEnd ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _ifNotFound = ifNotFound ?? ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getRowCount() : 1, _instanceNum.isArray() ? _instanceNum.getRowCount() : 1, _matchMode.isArray() ? _matchMode.getRowCount() : 1, _matchEnd.isArray() ? _matchEnd.getRowCount() : 1, _ifNotFound.isArray() ? _ifNotFound.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getColumnCount() : 1, _instanceNum.isArray() ? _instanceNum.getColumnCount() : 1, _matchMode.isArray() ? _matchMode.getColumnCount() : 1, _matchEnd.isArray() ? _matchEnd.getColumnCount() : 1, _ifNotFound.isArray() ? _ifNotFound.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const textArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, text, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -42134,15 +42233,15 @@ var Textbefore = class extends BaseFunction {
 	}
 	calculate(text, delimiter, instanceNum, matchMode, matchEnd, ifNotFound) {
 		let instanceNumIsNull = false;
-		let _instanceNum = instanceNum !== null && instanceNum !== void 0 ? instanceNum : NumberValueObject.create(1);
+		let _instanceNum = instanceNum ?? NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		if (_instanceNum.isNull()) {
 			instanceNumIsNull = true;
 			_instanceNum = NumberValueObject.create(1);
 		}
 		const onlyThreeVariant = !matchMode;
-		const _matchMode = matchMode !== null && matchMode !== void 0 ? matchMode : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _matchEnd = matchEnd !== null && matchEnd !== void 0 ? matchEnd : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _ifNotFound = ifNotFound !== null && ifNotFound !== void 0 ? ifNotFound : ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
+		const _matchMode = matchMode ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _matchEnd = matchEnd ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _ifNotFound = ifNotFound ?? ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A");
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getRowCount() : 1, _instanceNum.isArray() ? _instanceNum.getRowCount() : 1, _matchMode.isArray() ? _matchMode.getRowCount() : 1, _matchEnd.isArray() ? _matchEnd.getRowCount() : 1, _ifNotFound.isArray() ? _ifNotFound.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(text.isArray() ? text.getColumnCount() : 1, _instanceNum.isArray() ? _instanceNum.getColumnCount() : 1, _matchMode.isArray() ? _matchMode.getColumnCount() : 1, _matchEnd.isArray() ? _matchEnd.getColumnCount() : 1, _ifNotFound.isArray() ? _ifNotFound.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const textArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, text, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -42273,6 +42372,7 @@ var Textjoin = class extends BaseFunction {
 		super(..._args);
 		_defineProperty(this, "minParams", 3);
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 255);
+		_defineProperty(this, "lazyIfReferenceArrayArgumentIndexes", Array.from({ length: this.maxParams - 2 }, (_, index) => index + 2));
 	}
 	calculate(delimiter, ignoreEmpty, ...variants) {
 		const delimiterValues = this._getDelimiterValues(delimiter);
@@ -42350,10 +42450,10 @@ var Textsplit = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 6);
 	}
 	calculate(text, colDelimiter, rowDelimiter, ignoreEmpty, matchMode, padWith) {
-		let _rowDelimiter = rowDelimiter !== null && rowDelimiter !== void 0 ? rowDelimiter : StringValueObject.create("\\s");
-		const _ignoreEmpty = ignoreEmpty !== null && ignoreEmpty !== void 0 ? ignoreEmpty : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _matchMode = matchMode !== null && matchMode !== void 0 ? matchMode : NumberValueObject.create(0);
-		const _padWith = padWith !== null && padWith !== void 0 ? padWith : StringValueObject.create("#N/A");
+		let _rowDelimiter = rowDelimiter ?? StringValueObject.create("\\s");
+		const _ignoreEmpty = ignoreEmpty ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _matchMode = matchMode ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _padWith = padWith ?? StringValueObject.create("#N/A");
 		const { _variant, values: rowDelimiterValue } = this._getStringValues(_rowDelimiter, false);
 		_rowDelimiter = _variant;
 		const allowBlankColDelimiter = rowDelimiter != null && !rowDelimiter.isNull() && !_rowDelimiter.isError() && rowDelimiterValue.length > 0;
@@ -42629,7 +42729,7 @@ var Valuetotext = class extends BaseFunction {
 		_defineProperty(this, "maxParams", 2);
 	}
 	calculate(value, format) {
-		const _format = format !== null && format !== void 0 ? format : NumberValueObject.create(0);
+		const _format = format ?? NumberValueObject.create(0);
 		const maxRowLength = Math.max(value.isArray() ? value.getRowCount() : 1, _format.isArray() ? _format.getRowCount() : 1);
 		const maxColumnLength = Math.max(value.isArray() ? value.getColumnCount() : 1, _format.isArray() ? _format.getColumnCount() : 1);
 		const valueArray = expandArrayValueObject(maxRowLength, maxColumnLength, value, ErrorValueObject.create("#N/A"));
@@ -42907,7 +43007,7 @@ function getObjectValue(result, isUseStrip = false) {
 //#endregion
 //#region package.json
 var name = "@univerjs/engine-formula";
-var version = "1.0.0-alpha.8";
+var version = "1.0.0-beta.0";
 
 //#endregion
 //#region src/services/global-computing-status.service.ts
@@ -43099,14 +43199,13 @@ function createEmptyDirtyData() {
 	};
 }
 function mergeDirtyData(left, right) {
-	var _right$dirtyRanges, _left$dirtySuperTable;
 	const dirtyRanges = [...left.dirtyRanges];
-	mergeDirtyRanges(dirtyRanges, (_right$dirtyRanges = right.dirtyRanges) !== null && _right$dirtyRanges !== void 0 ? _right$dirtyRanges : []);
+	mergeDirtyRanges(dirtyRanges, right.dirtyRanges ?? []);
 	return {
 		dirtyRanges,
 		dirtyNameMap: mergeDirtyUnitStringMap(left.dirtyNameMap, right.dirtyNameMap),
 		dirtyDefinedNameMap: mergeDirtyUnitStringMap(left.dirtyDefinedNameMap, right.dirtyDefinedNameMap),
-		dirtySuperTableMap: mergeDirtyUnitStringMap((_left$dirtySuperTable = left.dirtySuperTableMap) !== null && _left$dirtySuperTable !== void 0 ? _left$dirtySuperTable : {}, right.dirtySuperTableMap),
+		dirtySuperTableMap: mergeDirtyUnitStringMap(left.dirtySuperTableMap ?? {}, right.dirtySuperTableMap),
 		dirtyUnitFeatureMap: mergeDirtyUnitNestedMap(left.dirtyUnitFeatureMap, right.dirtyUnitFeatureMap),
 		dirtyUnitOtherFormulaMap: mergeDirtyUnitNestedMap(left.dirtyUnitOtherFormulaMap, right.dirtyUnitOtherFormulaMap),
 		clearDependencyTreeCache: mergeDirtyUnitStringMap(left.clearDependencyTreeCache, right.clearDependencyTreeCache),
@@ -43136,7 +43235,7 @@ function getDirtyRangeKey({ unitId, sheetId, range }) {
 }
 function mergeDirtyUnitStringMap(left, right) {
 	const result = { ...left };
-	Object.entries(right !== null && right !== void 0 ? right : {}).forEach(([unitId, values]) => {
+	Object.entries(right ?? {}).forEach(([unitId, values]) => {
 		result[unitId] = {
 			...result[unitId],
 			...values
@@ -43146,9 +43245,9 @@ function mergeDirtyUnitStringMap(left, right) {
 }
 function mergeDirtyUnitNestedMap(left, right) {
 	const result = { ...left };
-	Object.entries(right !== null && right !== void 0 ? right : {}).forEach(([unitId, sheets]) => {
+	Object.entries(right ?? {}).forEach(([unitId, sheets]) => {
 		const unitResult = { ...result[unitId] };
-		Object.entries(sheets !== null && sheets !== void 0 ? sheets : {}).forEach(([sheetId, values]) => {
+		Object.entries(sheets ?? {}).forEach(([sheetId, values]) => {
 			unitResult[sheetId] = {
 				...unitResult[sheetId],
 				...values
@@ -43179,7 +43278,7 @@ function dirtyDataIntersects(left, right) {
 	].some(([leftMap, rightMap]) => hasSameNestedKey(leftMap, rightMap));
 }
 function clearedSheetIntersects(cleared, dirty) {
-	return Object.entries(cleared.clearDependencyTreeCache).some(([unitId, sheets]) => Object.keys(sheets !== null && sheets !== void 0 ? sheets : {}).some((sheetId) => {
+	return Object.entries(cleared.clearDependencyTreeCache).some(([unitId, sheets]) => Object.keys(sheets ?? {}).some((sheetId) => {
 		var _dirty$dirtyNameMap$u, _dirty$dirtyUnitFeatu, _dirty$dirtyUnitOther;
 		return dirty.dirtyRanges.some((range) => range.unitId === unitId && range.sheetId === sheetId) || ((_dirty$dirtyNameMap$u = dirty.dirtyNameMap[unitId]) === null || _dirty$dirtyNameMap$u === void 0 ? void 0 : _dirty$dirtyNameMap$u[sheetId]) != null || ((_dirty$dirtyUnitFeatu = dirty.dirtyUnitFeatureMap[unitId]) === null || _dirty$dirtyUnitFeatu === void 0 ? void 0 : _dirty$dirtyUnitFeatu[sheetId]) != null || ((_dirty$dirtyUnitOther = dirty.dirtyUnitOtherFormulaMap[unitId]) === null || _dirty$dirtyUnitOther === void 0 ? void 0 : _dirty$dirtyUnitOther[sheetId]) != null;
 	}));
@@ -43292,9 +43391,8 @@ let FormulaController = class FormulaController extends _univerjs_core.Disposabl
 		});
 	}
 	_registerFunctions() {
-		var _config$function;
 		const config = this._configService.getConfig(ENGINE_FORMULA_PLUGIN_CONFIG_KEY);
-		const functions = ALL_IMPLEMENTED_FUNCTIONS.concat((_config$function = config === null || config === void 0 ? void 0 : config.function) !== null && _config$function !== void 0 ? _config$function : []).map((registerObject) => {
+		const functions = ALL_IMPLEMENTED_FUNCTIONS.concat((config === null || config === void 0 ? void 0 : config.function) ?? []).map((registerObject) => {
 			const Func = registerObject[0];
 			const name = registerObject[1];
 			return new Func(name);
@@ -56493,7 +56591,7 @@ let RegisterFunctionService = class RegisterFunctionService extends _univerjs_co
 		const { locales, description, calculate } = params;
 		if (locales) this._localeService.load(locales);
 		const disposables = new _univerjs_core.DisposableCollection();
-		const descriptions = description !== null && description !== void 0 ? description : calculate.map(([_func, functionName, functionIntroduction]) => {
+		const descriptions = description ?? calculate.map(([_func, functionName, functionIntroduction]) => {
 			return {
 				functionName,
 				functionType: 15,