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@uniflowed/hooks 0.0.0-alpha.4 → 0.0.0-alpha.40

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+// @flow
+//
+// `@uniflowed/hooks/render`: the two things a render must decide once.
+//
+// A page that is prerendered is rendered twice — once on a server, once in the
+// browser that hydrates it — and React compares the two. Anything the second
+// render works out for itself differs from the first, and the two that differ
+// in practice are the clock and the random number generator. `new Date()` is a
+// different instant on the two machines and `Math.random()` is a different
+// number by construction, so a countdown, a greeting that depends on the hour,
+// a shuffled list of featured articles and a randomly chosen placeholder are
+// each a hydration mismatch that the application did nothing to deserve.
+//
+// The usual advice is to render nothing until an effect has run. That works,
+// and it costs the page: the value is invisible to a crawler and to a reader
+// with no JavaScript, and it arrives one frame late and moves the layout when
+// it does.
+//
+// This module is the other answer. The render decides both values once, on
+// whichever side goes first, and the other side reads what was decided instead
+// of deciding again. Both renders then produce the same markup, because they
+// are working from the same two numbers.
+//
+// # Why a provider, and not module state
+//
+// A clock installed in `@uniflowed/core/clock` is the process's. That is right
+// for a test and for a runtime, and wrong for a server: a server renders
+// several requests at once, and two responses that shared one "rendered at"
+// would each be stamped with whenever the other one started. React's context is
+// per-render by construction, which is the granularity this actually needs, so
+// the values travel through the tree rather than beside it.
+//
+// # How the value crosses the network
+//
+// `RenderProvider` writes what it decided into the markup, as a `<meta>`, and
+// reads it back on the client before the first render.
+//
+// A `<meta>` rather than the `<script type="application/json">` this used to
+// be, and the reason is where the two end up. React hoists a `<title>`, a
+// `<meta>` and a `<link>` and does not hoist a script: in a document React
+// rendered, the meta goes into `<head>`; in a tree that is not a document — a
+// `@uniflowed/router` application whose root layout renders content rather
+// than `<html>` — React writes it at the front, which is the run uf's shell
+// lifts into the head it wrote itself. A script had neither behaviour, so a
+// provider rendered above a root layout that owns `<html>` emitted it *before*
+// the document, and the router could not provide one without deciding where in
+// the tree the application's `<html>` was. That is ubugeeei-prod/uf#559: a
+// guarantee that depends on the application remembering to opt in is not one,
+// and the carrier was the thing standing in the way of it being automatic.
+//
+// It also removes an escaping problem rather than solving one. A `<script>`
+// body is raw text to the HTML parser, so the encoder had to remove `<` and
+// the two line separators itself and the element needed
+// `dangerouslySetInnerHTML`; an attribute value is escaped by React and decoded
+// by the parser, so what `JSON.parse` gets back is what `JSON.stringify`
+// produced, with nothing in between to get wrong.
+//
+// A page nobody prerendered has no meta to read, decides both values from the
+// host, and is correct for the reason that there is nothing to disagree with.
+//
+// # Nesting replaces; it does not add
+//
+// The router renders one of these above every application, so an application
+// that renders its own is nested inside that one. A nested provider inherits
+// the envelope above it and overrides only the fields it was given, and it
+// writes no second carrier — which is what makes "a project that wants a
+// different clock or seed *replaces* it" true rather than aspirational. Two
+// carriers would be two answers to one question, and the client reads the
+// first.
+//
+// # What it costs, which is worth saying out loud
+//
+// Every uf document now carries an envelope, so two renders of one route are no
+// longer the same bytes: the instant moved and the seed is a fresh one. That is
+// the same price an application that followed the old advice and wrapped its own
+// tree already paid — what changed is that every application pays it — and it is
+// the price of the guarantee rather than an oversight. A render that has to be
+// reproducible fixes `at` and `seed` itself, which is what those two props are
+// for; `gives the same document however the host takes it` in
+// `packages/router/streaming.test.js` is a test that compares two renders and says
+// so.
+//
+// # What belongs in this module
+//
+// A value that a render has to fix rather than derive. Two so far, and they are
+// the two React itself has an answer for exactly one of: `useId` solves ids by
+// deriving them from the position in the tree, which works for an id and for
+// nothing that has to be shuffled or counted from.
+//
+// Not here: a hook that reads a clock to schedule work. `useInterval`,
+// `useTimeout` and `useNow` are `timing.js`'s, and they read the *current* time
+// — this module is about the one instant that must not move.
+import * as React from "@uniflowed/react";
+// The values by name and the namespace beside it for the types, which is what
+// every other module in this package already does. Not a style choice, and the
+// reason is worth the paragraph.
+//
+// `@uniflowed/react` is `export * from "react"` over a CommonJS package, so its
+// namespace is filled in by the bundle's own initializer at run time rather
+// than being known while the bundle is built. Reaching through the namespace —
+// `React.createContext(…)` — was a reference the bundler could not attribute to
+// an export, so the module's initializer was emitted *without* the call that
+// fills the namespace in, and the first line of this module ran against an
+// empty object:
+//
+//     var init_render = __esmMin(() => {
+//       init_clock();
+//       init_random();
+//       RenderContext = react_exports.createContext(null);   // TypeError
+//     });
+//
+// A named import is a reference the bundler has to resolve while it is
+// bundling, and the initializer comes back. It went unnoticed until the router
+// began rendering a `RenderProvider`, because this module reached the one build
+// where it matters — the single file `uf build --compile` links with Bun —
+// only then, and it failed at startup rather than at a call site.
+import { createContext, useContext, useState } from "@uniflowed/react";
+import { currentClock } from "@uniflowed/core/clock";
+import type { Random } from "@uniflowed/core/random";
+import { hostSeed, seededRandom, shuffled } from "@uniflowed/core/random";
+import type { Instant } from "@uniflowed/core/temporal";
+import { Temporal } from "@uniflowed/core/temporal";
+/** What a render fixes, and what travels to the client. */
+export type RenderEnvelope = {
+  /** The instant the render was anchored to, in epoch milliseconds. */
+  readonly at: number,
+  /** The IANA zone the server was in. Not the reader's — see `Time`. */
+  readonly timeZone: string,
+  /** The seed both sides replay the same numbers from. */
+  readonly seed: string,
+};
+/**
+ * The `<meta>` name the envelope is written under, and read back out of.
+ *
+ * A name rather than an id because that is what a `<meta>` is addressed by:
+ * `document.querySelector('meta[name=…]')` is the read, and React's own
+ * hoisting treats the `name`/`content` pair as the element's identity.
+ */
+export const RENDER_META: string = "uf:render";
+/**
+ * What the render above this one was anchored to, if anything was.
+ *
+ * Null outside a provider, which is the same question two callers ask of it:
+ * [`useRenderEnvelope`] asks whether the values were fixed at all, and
+ * [`RenderProvider`] asks whether it is the outermost one and therefore the
+ * one that writes the carrier. "Is there one above me" is exactly the question
+ * a context answers, and during a render there is no other way to ask it.
+ */
+const RenderContext: React.Context<RenderEnvelope | null> = createContext(null);
+/**
+ * The envelope the server left in the document, if there is one.
+ *
+ * Read from the DOM rather than from a global an inline script assigned,
+ * because an inline script that runs is a script a content-security policy has
+ * to allow, and this value is worth no relaxation of one.
+ *
+ * `querySelector` takes the first match rather than requiring the only one: a
+ * document that somehow carried two would still have an answer, and the first
+ * is the one every other reader of a duplicated `<meta>` takes.
+ */
+function embedded(): RenderEnvelope | null {
+  const document = globalThis.document;
+  if (document == null) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const element = document.querySelector(`meta[name="${RENDER_META}"]`);
+  if (element == null) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  try {
+    const found = JSON.parse(element.getAttribute("content") ?? "null");
+    if (found == null || typeof found.at !== "number" || typeof found.seed !== "string") {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return { at: found.at, timeZone: String(found.timeZone), seed: found.seed };
+  } catch {
+    // A truncated document — a stream that was cut off — leaves half a JSON
+    // object here. Deciding fresh values is wrong on that page in exactly the
+    // way this module exists to prevent, and it is still better than a render
+    // that throws: the page renders, and hydration reports what it always
+    // would have.
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+/**
+ * Decide what this render is anchored to.
+ *
+ * What the caller gave, then what a provider above already fixed, then what
+ * the markup carries, then the host — in that order, per field. `inherited`
+ * comes before `embedded()` because a provider that overrode `at` for its
+ * subtree must not have `timeZone` read back out of the document and quietly
+ * paired with somebody else's instant.
+ */
+function envelope(
+  given: { at?: number, timeZone?: string, seed?: string },
+  inherited: RenderEnvelope | null,
+): RenderEnvelope {
+  const found = inherited ?? embedded();
+  const clock = currentClock();
+  return {
+    at: given.at ?? found?.at ?? clock.now(),
+    timeZone: given.timeZone ?? found?.timeZone ?? clock.timeZone(),
+    seed: given.seed ?? found?.seed ?? hostSeed(),
+  };
+}
+/**
+ * Fix this render's instant, zone and seed, and hand them to the tree.
+ *
+ * A `@uniflowed/router` application already has one: `routerView` renders this
+ * above everything, so `useRenderedAt` and `useRandom` agree across hydration
+ * without the application saying anything. Rendering one by hand is for the
+ * cases that need different values, and it is a *replacement* rather than an
+ * addition — a nested provider inherits the envelope above it, overrides only
+ * the fields it was given, and writes no second carrier. See
+ * ubugeeei-prod/uf#559.
+ *
+ * Every argument is optional and the defaults are the whole point: a server
+ * decides, the markup carries what it decided, and the browser reads it back
+ * before its first render, so neither side has to be told which one it is.
+ *
+ * `at` and `seed` are there for the two cases that are not that. A test passes
+ * them to get a page that renders the same bytes every time; an application
+ * whose instant comes from somewhere better — a request header, a loader —
+ * passes that instead. Both have to be values the *browser* arrives at too:
+ * they are not carried, because what is carried is the outermost envelope, and
+ * a value only one side can compute is the mismatch this module exists to
+ * remove.
+ *
+ * The carrier is a `<meta>`, which is what lets this be rendered above a root
+ * layout that owns `<html>`: React hoists it into the head of the document
+ * either way. The header of this file has the whole argument.
+ */
+export component RenderProvider(
+  at?: number,
+  timeZone?: string,
+  seed?: string,
+  children: React.Node,
+) {
+  const enclosing = useContext(RenderContext);
+  // The initializer runs once per mount, on both sides, which is what makes
+  // this a fixed value rather than a clock: a re-render for any other reason
+  // must not move the instant the page has already been drawn with.
+  const [decided] = useState(() => envelope({ at, timeZone, seed }, enclosing));
+  // The outermost provider writes the carrier and a nested one does not, so a
+  // document holds one envelope however many providers a tree has. Not state,
+  // because whether there is a provider above this one is a fact about the
+  // shape of the tree: a subtree cannot gain or lose an enclosing provider
+  // without being remounted, so this cannot change under a re-render and ask
+  // React to add or remove an element the server's markup already settled.
+  const outermost = enclosing == null;
+  return (
+    <RenderContext.Provider value={decided}>
+      {outermost ? <meta name={RENDER_META} content={JSON.stringify(decided)} /> : null}
+      {children}
+    </RenderContext.Provider>
+  );
+}
+/**
+ * What this render was anchored to, or `null` outside a `RenderProvider`.
+ *
+ * Null rather than a fabricated envelope, because "nobody fixed these values"
+ * is a fact the hooks in `timing.js` act on: without a provider they read the
+ * clock, which is the behaviour they have always had.
+ */
+export hook useRenderEnvelope(): RenderEnvelope | null {
+  return useContext(RenderContext);
+}
+/**
+ * The instant this page was rendered at, as a `Temporal.Instant`.
+ *
+ * Constant for the life of the render, on both sides, which is what makes it
+ * safe to put in the markup. It is not "now" and does not become "now": a page
+ * left open for an hour still reports the instant it was rendered at, and a
+ * label that has to stay true while the reader looks at it is `useTimeAgo`.
+ *
+ * Falls back to the clock outside a provider, which is right for a page that is
+ * only ever rendered once — and is a hydration mismatch on one that is
+ * prerendered, which is what the provider is for.
+ */
+export hook useRenderedAt(): Instant {
+  const found = useRenderEnvelope();
+  const at = found?.at;
+  // The number, not the instant, is what the memoization keys on: `Instant` is
+  // a new object every render, so a scope that depended on one would rebuild
+  // this on every render rather than on every change of clock.
+  const clockAt = at ?? currentClock().now();
+  return Temporal.Instant.fromEpochMilliseconds(clockAt);
+}
+/**
+ * The zone the render was made in.
+ *
+ * The server's, not the reader's, and the distinction is the second half of the
+ * hydration problem rather than a detail: markup formatted in the reader's zone
+ * cannot match markup formatted in the server's, so a component renders this one
+ * and localises after hydration. `@uniflowed/web`'s `Time` is that component.
+ */
+export hook useRenderTimeZone(): string {
+  const found = useRenderEnvelope();
+  return found?.timeZone ?? currentClock().timeZone();
+}
+/**
+ * A stream of random numbers that both renders produce identically.
+ *
+ * `label` names the stream, and naming it is what makes it independent of every
+ * other one: two components that ask for `"featured"` and `"sidebar"` get the
+ * same numbers whatever order they render in, and whatever suspends between
+ * them. Sharing one stream would make each component's numbers depend on how
+ * many the components above it happened to draw — stable in a synchronous
+ * render, and not stable once a boundary resolves at a different moment on the
+ * two sides.
+ *
+ * The stream is stateful, so a component that draws from it during render draws
+ * different numbers on a re-render. Draw into a `const` keyed by what the
+ * numbers are for — which the React Compiler memoizes — or in an event, and
+ * never twice in the body of a component React may render twice.
+ *
+ * Outside a provider the seed is a constant rather than the host's, which looks
+ * like the wrong default and is the right one: two renders with no envelope
+ * between them still have to agree, and a constant is the only seed both of them
+ * can arrive at. What it costs is that every such page shuffles the same way,
+ * which is a reason to render a provider rather than a reason to be
+ * unpredictable here.
+ */
+export hook useRandom(label: string): Random {
+  const found = useRenderEnvelope();
+  const seed = found?.seed;
+  return seededRandom(seed ?? "uf").fork(label);
+}
+/**
+ * `items`, shuffled the same way on both sides of a hydration.
+ *
+ * The shuffle is memoized over the seed, the label and the items — by the React
+ * Compiler, which is where uf's memoization comes from — so it is one shuffle
+ * rather than one per render. That matters for more than speed: a fresh draw on
+ * every render would reorder the list under the reader every time anything else
+ * on the page changed.
+ */
+export hook useShuffled<T>(items: $ReadOnlyArray<T>, label: string): Array<T> {
+  const random = useRandom(label);
+  return shuffled(items, random);
+}