@typia/utils 12.0.0-dev.20260309 → 12.0.0-dev.20260311

package/src/utils/internal/stringifyValidationFailure.ts

@@ -1,411 +1,415 @@
-import { IValidation } from "@typia/interface";
-
-import { NamingConvention } from "../NamingConvention";
-import { dedent } from "../dedent";
-
-export function stringifyValidationFailure(
-  failure: IValidation.IFailure,
-): string {
-  const usedErrors: Set<IValidation.IError> = new Set();
-  // Pre-index errors by path for O(1) lookup
-  const errorsByPath: Map<string, IValidation.IError[]> = new Map();
-  for (const e of failure.errors) {
-    const arr: IValidation.IError[] | undefined = errorsByPath.get(e.path);
-    if (arr !== undefined) arr.push(e);
-    else errorsByPath.set(e.path, [e]);
-  }
-  const jsonOutput = stringify({
-    value: failure.data,
-    errorsByPath,
-    path: "$input",
-    tab: 0,
-    inArray: false,
-    inToJson: false,
-    usedErrors,
-  });
-
-  // Find errors that couldn't be embedded
-  const unmappableErrors: IValidation.IError[] = failure.errors.filter(
-    (e) => !usedErrors.has(e),
-  );
-
-  // If there are unmappable errors, append them as a separate block
-  if (unmappableErrors.length > 0)
-    return dedent`
-      \`\`\`json
-      ${jsonOutput}
-      \`\`\`
-
-      **Unmappable validation errors:**
-      \`\`\`json
-      ${JSON.stringify(unmappableErrors, null, 2)}
-      \`\`\`
-    `;
-  return dedent`
-    \`\`\`json
-    ${jsonOutput}
-    \`\`\`
-  `;
-}
-
-function stringify(props: {
-  value: unknown;
-  errorsByPath: Map<string, IValidation.IError[]>;
-  path: string;
-  tab: number;
-  inArray: boolean;
-  inToJson: boolean;
-  usedErrors: Set<IValidation.IError>;
-}): string {
-  const { value, errorsByPath, path, tab, inArray, inToJson, usedErrors } =
-    props;
-  const indent: string = "  ".repeat(tab);
-  const errorComment: string = getErrorComment(path, errorsByPath, usedErrors);
-
-  // Handle undefined in arrays
-  if (inArray && value === undefined) {
-    return `${indent}undefined${errorComment}`;
-  }
-
-  // Array
-  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-    // Check for missing array element errors (path[])
-    const missingElementErrors = getMissingArrayElementErrors(
-      path,
-      errorsByPath,
-      usedErrors,
-    );
-    const hasMissingElements = missingElementErrors.length > 0;
-
-    if (value.length === 0) {
-      // Empty array but has missing element errors - show placeholders
-      if (hasMissingElements) {
-        const innerIndent = "  ".repeat(tab + 1);
-        const lines: string[] = [];
-        lines.push(`${indent}[${errorComment}`);
-        missingElementErrors.forEach((e, idx) => {
-          const errComment = ` // ❌ ${JSON.stringify([{ path: e.path, expected: e.expected, description: e.description }])}`;
-          const comma = idx < missingElementErrors.length - 1 ? "," : "";
-          lines.push(`${innerIndent}undefined${comma}${errComment}`);
-        });
-        lines.push(`${indent}]`);
-        return lines.join("\n");
-      }
-      return `${indent}[]${errorComment}`;
-    }
-
-    const lines: string[] = [];
-    lines.push(`${indent}[${errorComment}`);
-
-    value.forEach((item: unknown, index: number) => {
-      const itemPath: string = `${path}[${index}]`;
-      const isLastElement = index === value.length - 1;
-      // If there are missing element errors, this is not truly the last line
-      const needsComma = !isLastElement || hasMissingElements;
-
-      let itemStr: string = stringify({
-        value: item,
-        errorsByPath,
-        path: itemPath,
-        tab: tab + 1,
-        inArray: true,
-        inToJson: false,
-        usedErrors,
-      });
-      // Add comma before the error comment if not the last element
-      if (needsComma) {
-        itemStr = insertCommaBeforeComment(itemStr);
-      }
-      lines.push(itemStr);
-    });
-
-    // Add missing element placeholders at the end for each [] error
-    if (hasMissingElements) {
-      const innerIndent = "  ".repeat(tab + 1);
-      missingElementErrors.forEach((e, idx) => {
-        const errComment = ` // ❌ ${JSON.stringify([{ path: e.path, expected: e.expected, description: e.description }])}`;
-        const comma = idx < missingElementErrors.length - 1 ? "," : "";
-        lines.push(`${innerIndent}undefined${comma}${errComment}`);
-      });
-    }
-
-    lines.push(`${indent}]`);
-    return lines.join("\n");
-  }
-
-  // Object
-  if (typeof value === "object" && value !== null) {
-    // Check for toJSON method
-    // biome-ignore lint: intended
-    if (!inToJson && typeof (value as any).toJSON === "function") {
-      // biome-ignore lint: intended
-      const jsonValue: unknown = (value as any).toJSON();
-      return stringify({
-        value: jsonValue,
-        errorsByPath,
-        path,
-        tab,
-        inArray,
-        inToJson: true,
-        usedErrors,
-      });
-    }
-
-    // Get all entries from the object (including undefined values that have errors)
-    const allEntries: [string, unknown][] = Object.entries(value);
-
-    // Split into defined and undefined entries
-    const definedEntries: [string, unknown][] = allEntries.filter(
-      ([_, val]) => val !== undefined,
-    );
-    const undefinedEntryKeys: Set<string> = new Set(
-      allEntries.filter(([_, val]) => val === undefined).map(([key]) => key),
-    );
-
-    // Find missing properties that have validation errors (not in object at all)
-    const missingKeys: string[] = getMissingProperties(
-      path,
-      value,
-      errorsByPath,
-    );
-
-    // Combine: defined entries + undefined entries with errors + missing properties
-    const undefinedKeysWithErrors: string[] = Array.from(
-      undefinedEntryKeys,
-    ).filter((key) => {
-      const propPath = NamingConvention.variable(key)
-        ? `${path}.${key}`
-        : `${path}[${JSON.stringify(key)}]`;
-      return hasErrorsAtOrUnder(propPath, errorsByPath);
-    });
-
-    const allKeys: string[] = [
-      ...definedEntries.map(([key]) => key),
-      ...undefinedKeysWithErrors,
-      ...missingKeys,
-    ];
-
-    if (allKeys.length === 0) {
-      return `${indent}{}${errorComment}`;
-    }
-
-    const lines: string[] = [];
-    lines.push(`${indent}{${errorComment}`);
-
-    allKeys.forEach((key, index, array) => {
-      const propPath: string = NamingConvention.variable(key)
-        ? `${path}.${key}`
-        : `${path}[${JSON.stringify(key)}]`;
-      const propIndent: string = "  ".repeat(tab + 1);
-
-      // Get the value (undefined for missing properties or undefined entries)
-      const val: unknown =
-        missingKeys.includes(key) || undefinedKeysWithErrors.includes(key)
-          ? undefined
-          : // biome-ignore lint: intended
-            (value as any)[key];
-
-      // Primitive property value (including undefined for missing properties)
-      if (
-        val === undefined ||
-        val === null ||
-        typeof val === "boolean" ||
-        typeof val === "number" ||
-        typeof val === "string"
-      ) {
-        const propErrorComment: string = getErrorComment(
-          propPath,
-          errorsByPath,
-          usedErrors,
-        );
-        const keyStr: string = JSON.stringify(key);
-        const valueStr: string =
-          val === undefined
-            ? `${propIndent}${keyStr}: undefined`
-            : `${propIndent}${keyStr}: ${JSON.stringify(val)}`;
-        const withComma: string =
-          index < array.length - 1 ? `${valueStr},` : valueStr;
-        const line: string = withComma + propErrorComment;
-        lines.push(line);
-      }
-      // Complex property value (object or array)
-      else {
-        const keyLine: string = `${propIndent}${JSON.stringify(key)}: `;
-        let valStr: string = stringify({
-          value: val,
-          errorsByPath,
-          path: propPath,
-          tab: tab + 1,
-          inArray: false,
-          inToJson: false,
-          usedErrors,
-        });
-        const valStrWithoutIndent: string = valStr.trimStart();
-        // Add comma before the error comment if not the last property
-        if (index < array.length - 1) {
-          valStr = insertCommaBeforeComment(valStrWithoutIndent);
-        } else {
-          valStr = valStrWithoutIndent;
-        }
-        const combined: string = keyLine + valStr;
-        lines.push(combined);
-      }
-    });
-
-    lines.push(`${indent}}`);
-    return lines.join("\n");
-  }
-
-  // Primitive types (null, boolean, number, string, undefined, etc.)
-  const valStr: string =
-    value === undefined
-      ? "undefined"
-      : (JSON.stringify(value) ?? String(value));
-  return `${indent}${valStr}${errorComment}`;
-}
-
-/** Insert comma before inline error comment on the last line */
-function insertCommaBeforeComment(str: string): string {
-  const lines: string[] = str.split("\n");
-  const lastLine: string = lines[lines.length - 1]!;
-  // Use specific error marker to avoid false positives with values containing " //"
-  const commentIndex: number = lastLine.indexOf(" // ❌");
-  if (commentIndex !== -1) {
-    lines[lines.length - 1] = `${lastLine.slice(
-      0,
-      commentIndex,
-    )},${lastLine.slice(commentIndex)}`;
-  } else {
-    lines[lines.length - 1] += ",";
-  }
-  return lines.join("\n");
-}
-
-/** Get error comment for a given path */
-function getErrorComment(
-  path: string,
-  errorsByPath: Map<string, IValidation.IError[]>,
-  usedErrors: Set<IValidation.IError>,
-): string {
-  const pathErrors: IValidation.IError[] | undefined = errorsByPath.get(path);
-  if (pathErrors === undefined || pathErrors.length === 0) {
-    return "";
-  }
-
-  // Mark these errors as used
-  pathErrors.forEach((e) => usedErrors.add(e));
-
-  return ` // ❌ ${JSON.stringify(
-    pathErrors.map((e) => ({
-      path: e.path,
-      expected: e.expected,
-      description: e.description,
-    })),
-  )}`;
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if there are missing array element errors (path ending with []) Returns
- * an array of error objects, one per missing element
- */
-function getMissingArrayElementErrors(
-  path: string,
-  errorsByPath: Map<string, IValidation.IError[]>,
-  usedErrors: Set<IValidation.IError>,
-): IValidation.IError[] {
-  const wildcardPath = `${path}[]`;
-  const missingErrors: IValidation.IError[] =
-    errorsByPath.get(wildcardPath) ?? [];
-
-  // Mark these errors as used
-  missingErrors.forEach((e) => usedErrors.add(e));
-
-  return missingErrors;
-}
-
-/** Check if any errors exist at or under the given path prefix */
-function hasErrorsAtOrUnder(
-  pathPrefix: string,
-  errorsByPath: Map<string, IValidation.IError[]>,
-): boolean {
-  for (const errorPath of errorsByPath.keys()) {
-    if (errorPath.startsWith(pathPrefix)) {
-      return true;
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-/**
- * Find missing properties that have validation errors but don't exist in the
- * data Returns array of property keys that should be displayed as undefined
- */
-function getMissingProperties(
-  path: string,
-  value: object,
-  errorsByPath: Map<string, IValidation.IError[]>,
-): string[] {
-  const missingKeys: Set<string> = new Set();
-
-  for (const errorPath of errorsByPath.keys()) {
-    // Check if error.path is a direct child of current path
-    const childKey = extractDirectChildKey(path, errorPath);
-    if (childKey !== null) {
-      // Check if this property actually exists in the value
-      if (!(childKey in value)) {
-        missingKeys.add(childKey);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return Array.from(missingKeys);
-}
-
-/**
- * Extract direct child property key if errorPath is a direct child of
- * parentPath Returns null if not a direct child
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- * - ExtractDirectChildKey("$input", "$input.email") => "email"
- * - ExtractDirectChildKey("$input", "$input.user.email") => null (grandchild)
- * - ExtractDirectChildKey("$input.user", "$input.user.email") => "email"
- * - ExtractDirectChildKey("$input", "$input[0]") => null (array index, not object
- *   property)
- * - ExtractDirectChildKey("$input", "$input["foo-bar"]") => "foo-bar"
- * - ExtractDirectChildKey("$input", "$input["foo"]["bar"]") => null (grandchild)
- */
-function extractDirectChildKey(
-  parentPath: string,
-  errorPath: string,
-): string | null {
-  if (!errorPath.startsWith(parentPath)) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  const suffix = errorPath.slice(parentPath.length);
-
-  // Match ".propertyName" pattern (direct child property with dot notation)
-  // Should not contain additional dots or brackets after the property name
-  const dotMatch = suffix.match(/^\.([^.[\]]+)$/);
-  if (dotMatch !== null) {
-    return dotMatch[1]!;
-  }
-
-  // Match '["key"]' pattern (direct child property with bracket notation)
-  // The key is a JSON-encoded string
-  const bracketMatch = suffix.match(/^\[("[^"\\]*(?:\\.[^"\\]*)*")\]$/);
-  if (bracketMatch !== null) {
-    try {
-      const parsed = JSON.parse(bracketMatch[1]!);
-      // Ensure it's a string key, not a number (array index)
-      if (typeof parsed === "string") {
-        return parsed;
-      }
-    } catch {
-      // Invalid JSON, ignore
-    }
-  }
-
-  return null;
-}
+import { IValidation } from "@typia/interface";
+
+import { NamingConvention } from "../NamingConvention";
+import { dedent } from "../dedent";
+
+export function stringifyValidationFailure(
+  failure: IValidation.IFailure,
+): string {
+  const usedErrors: Set<IValidation.IError> = new Set();
+  // Pre-index errors by path for O(1) lookup
+  const errorsByPath: Map<string, IValidation.IError[]> = new Map();
+  for (const e of failure.errors) {
+    const arr: IValidation.IError[] | undefined = errorsByPath.get(e.path);
+    if (arr !== undefined) arr.push(e);
+    else errorsByPath.set(e.path, [e]);
+  }
+  const jsonOutput = stringify({
+    value: failure.data,
+    errorsByPath,
+    path: "$input",
+    tab: 0,
+    inArray: false,
+    inToJson: false,
+    usedErrors,
+  });
+
+  // Find errors that couldn't be embedded
+  const unmappableErrors: IValidation.IError[] = failure.errors.filter(
+    (e) => !usedErrors.has(e),
+  );
+
+  // If there are unmappable errors, append them as a separate block
+  if (unmappableErrors.length > 0)
+    return dedent`
+      \`\`\`json
+      ${jsonOutput}
+      \`\`\`
+
+      **Unmappable validation errors:**
+      \`\`\`json
+      ${JSON.stringify(unmappableErrors, null, 2)}
+      \`\`\`
+    `;
+  return dedent`
+    \`\`\`json
+    ${jsonOutput}
+    \`\`\`
+  `;
+}
+
+function stringify(props: {
+  value: unknown;
+  errorsByPath: Map<string, IValidation.IError[]>;
+  path: string;
+  tab: number;
+  inArray: boolean;
+  inToJson: boolean;
+  usedErrors: Set<IValidation.IError>;
+}): string {
+  const { value, errorsByPath, path, tab, inArray, inToJson, usedErrors } =
+    props;
+  const indent: string = "  ".repeat(tab);
+  const errorComment: string = getErrorComment(path, errorsByPath, usedErrors);
+
+  // Handle undefined in arrays
+  if (inArray && value === undefined) {
+    return `${indent}undefined${errorComment}`;
+  }
+
+  // Array
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    // Check for missing array element errors (path[])
+    const missingElementErrors = getMissingArrayElementErrors(
+      path,
+      errorsByPath,
+      usedErrors,
+    );
+    const hasMissingElements = missingElementErrors.length > 0;
+
+    if (value.length === 0) {
+      // Empty array but has missing element errors - show placeholders
+      if (hasMissingElements) {
+        const innerIndent = "  ".repeat(tab + 1);
+        const lines: string[] = [];
+        lines.push(`${indent}[${errorComment}`);
+        missingElementErrors.forEach((e, idx) => {
+          const errComment = ` // ❌ ${JSON.stringify([{ path: e.path, expected: e.expected, description: e.description }])}`;
+          const comma = idx < missingElementErrors.length - 1 ? "," : "";
+          lines.push(`${innerIndent}undefined${comma}${errComment}`);
+        });
+        lines.push(`${indent}]`);
+        return lines.join("\n");
+      }
+      return `${indent}[]${errorComment}`;
+    }
+
+    const lines: string[] = [];
+    lines.push(`${indent}[${errorComment}`);
+
+    value.forEach((item: unknown, index: number) => {
+      const itemPath: string = `${path}[${index}]`;
+      const isLastElement = index === value.length - 1;
+      // If there are missing element errors, this is not truly the last line
+      const needsComma = !isLastElement || hasMissingElements;
+
+      let itemStr: string = stringify({
+        value: item,
+        errorsByPath,
+        path: itemPath,
+        tab: tab + 1,
+        inArray: true,
+        inToJson: false,
+        usedErrors,
+      });
+      // Add comma before the error comment if not the last element
+      if (needsComma) {
+        itemStr = insertCommaBeforeComment(itemStr);
+      }
+      lines.push(itemStr);
+    });
+
+    // Add missing element placeholders at the end for each [] error
+    if (hasMissingElements) {
+      const innerIndent = "  ".repeat(tab + 1);
+      missingElementErrors.forEach((e, idx) => {
+        const errComment = ` // ❌ ${JSON.stringify([{ path: e.path, expected: e.expected, description: e.description }])}`;
+        const comma = idx < missingElementErrors.length - 1 ? "," : "";
+        lines.push(`${innerIndent}undefined${comma}${errComment}`);
+      });
+    }
+
+    lines.push(`${indent}]`);
+    return lines.join("\n");
+  }
+
+  // Object
+  if (typeof value === "object" && value !== null) {
+    // Check for toJSON method
+    // biome-ignore lint: intended
+    if (!inToJson && typeof (value as any).toJSON === "function") {
+      // biome-ignore lint: intended
+      const jsonValue: unknown = (value as any).toJSON();
+      return stringify({
+        value: jsonValue,
+        errorsByPath,
+        path,
+        tab,
+        inArray,
+        inToJson: true,
+        usedErrors,
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Get all entries from the object (including undefined values that have errors)
+    const allEntries: [string, unknown][] = Object.entries(value);
+
+    // Split into defined and undefined entries
+    const definedEntries: [string, unknown][] = allEntries.filter(
+      ([_, val]) => val !== undefined,
+    );
+    const undefinedEntryKeys: Set<string> = new Set(
+      allEntries.filter(([_, val]) => val === undefined).map(([key]) => key),
+    );
+
+    // Find missing properties that have validation errors (not in object at all)
+    const missingKeys: string[] = getMissingProperties(
+      path,
+      value,
+      errorsByPath,
+    );
+
+    // Combine: defined entries + undefined entries with errors + missing properties
+    const undefinedKeysWithErrors: string[] = Array.from(
+      undefinedEntryKeys,
+    ).filter((key) => {
+      const propPath = NamingConvention.variable(key)
+        ? `${path}.${key}`
+        : `${path}[${JSON.stringify(key)}]`;
+      return hasErrorsAtOrUnder(propPath, errorsByPath);
+    });
+
+    const allKeys: string[] = [
+      ...definedEntries.map(([key]) => key),
+      ...undefinedKeysWithErrors,
+      ...missingKeys,
+    ];
+
+    if (allKeys.length === 0) {
+      return `${indent}{}${errorComment}`;
+    }
+
+    const lines: string[] = [];
+    lines.push(`${indent}{${errorComment}`);
+
+    allKeys.forEach((key, index, array) => {
+      const propPath: string = NamingConvention.variable(key)
+        ? `${path}.${key}`
+        : `${path}[${JSON.stringify(key)}]`;
+      const propIndent: string = "  ".repeat(tab + 1);
+
+      // Get the value (undefined for missing properties or undefined entries)
+      const val: unknown =
+        missingKeys.includes(key) || undefinedKeysWithErrors.includes(key)
+          ? undefined
+          : // biome-ignore lint: intended
+            (value as any)[key];
+
+      // Primitive property value (including undefined for missing properties)
+      if (
+        val === undefined ||
+        val === null ||
+        typeof val === "boolean" ||
+        typeof val === "number" ||
+        typeof val === "string"
+      ) {
+        const propErrorComment: string = getErrorComment(
+          propPath,
+          errorsByPath,
+          usedErrors,
+        );
+        const keyStr: string = JSON.stringify(key);
+        const valueStr: string =
+          val === undefined
+            ? `${propIndent}${keyStr}: undefined`
+            : `${propIndent}${keyStr}: ${JSON.stringify(val)}`;
+        const withComma: string =
+          index < array.length - 1 ? `${valueStr},` : valueStr;
+        const line: string = withComma + propErrorComment;
+        lines.push(line);
+      }
+      // Complex property value (object or array)
+      else {
+        const keyLine: string = `${propIndent}${JSON.stringify(key)}: `;
+        let valStr: string = stringify({
+          value: val,
+          errorsByPath,
+          path: propPath,
+          tab: tab + 1,
+          inArray: false,
+          inToJson: false,
+          usedErrors,
+        });
+        const valStrWithoutIndent: string = valStr.trimStart();
+        // Add comma before the error comment if not the last property
+        if (index < array.length - 1) {
+          valStr = insertCommaBeforeComment(valStrWithoutIndent);
+        } else {
+          valStr = valStrWithoutIndent;
+        }
+        const combined: string = keyLine + valStr;
+        lines.push(combined);
+      }
+    });
+
+    lines.push(`${indent}}`);
+    return lines.join("\n");
+  }
+
+  // Primitive types (null, boolean, number, string, undefined, etc.)
+  const valStr: string =
+    value === undefined
+      ? "undefined"
+      : (JSON.stringify(value) ?? String(value));
+  return `${indent}${valStr}${errorComment}`;
+}
+
+/** Insert comma before inline error comment on the last line */
+function insertCommaBeforeComment(str: string): string {
+  const lines: string[] = str.split("\n");
+  const lastLine: string = lines[lines.length - 1]!;
+  // Use specific error marker to avoid false positives with values containing " //"
+  const commentIndex: number = lastLine.lastIndexOf(" // ❌");
+  if (commentIndex !== -1) {
+    lines[lines.length - 1] = `${lastLine.slice(
+      0,
+      commentIndex,
+    )},${lastLine.slice(commentIndex)}`;
+  } else {
+    lines[lines.length - 1] += ",";
+  }
+  return lines.join("\n");
+}
+
+/** Get error comment for a given path */
+function getErrorComment(
+  path: string,
+  errorsByPath: Map<string, IValidation.IError[]>,
+  usedErrors: Set<IValidation.IError>,
+): string {
+  const pathErrors: IValidation.IError[] | undefined = errorsByPath.get(path);
+  if (pathErrors === undefined || pathErrors.length === 0) {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  // Mark these errors as used
+  pathErrors.forEach((e) => usedErrors.add(e));
+
+  return ` // ❌ ${JSON.stringify(
+    pathErrors.map((e) => ({
+      path: e.path,
+      expected: e.expected,
+      description: e.description,
+    })),
+  )}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if there are missing array element errors (path ending with []) Returns
+ * an array of error objects, one per missing element
+ */
+function getMissingArrayElementErrors(
+  path: string,
+  errorsByPath: Map<string, IValidation.IError[]>,
+  usedErrors: Set<IValidation.IError>,
+): IValidation.IError[] {
+  const wildcardPath = `${path}[]`;
+  const missingErrors: IValidation.IError[] =
+    errorsByPath.get(wildcardPath) ?? [];
+
+  // Mark these errors as used
+  missingErrors.forEach((e) => usedErrors.add(e));
+
+  return missingErrors;
+}
+
+/** Check if any errors exist at or under the given path prefix */
+function hasErrorsAtOrUnder(
+  pathPrefix: string,
+  errorsByPath: Map<string, IValidation.IError[]>,
+): boolean {
+  for (const errorPath of errorsByPath.keys()) {
+    if (
+      errorPath === pathPrefix ||
+      errorPath.startsWith(pathPrefix + ".") ||
+      errorPath.startsWith(pathPrefix + "[")
+    ) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find missing properties that have validation errors but don't exist in the
+ * data Returns array of property keys that should be displayed as undefined
+ */
+function getMissingProperties(
+  path: string,
+  value: object,
+  errorsByPath: Map<string, IValidation.IError[]>,
+): string[] {
+  const missingKeys: Set<string> = new Set();
+
+  for (const errorPath of errorsByPath.keys()) {
+    // Check if error.path is a direct child of current path
+    const childKey = extractDirectChildKey(path, errorPath);
+    if (childKey !== null) {
+      // Check if this property actually exists in the value
+      if (!(childKey in value)) {
+        missingKeys.add(childKey);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Array.from(missingKeys);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract direct child property key if errorPath is a direct child of
+ * parentPath Returns null if not a direct child
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ * - ExtractDirectChildKey("$input", "$input.email") => "email"
+ * - ExtractDirectChildKey("$input", "$input.user.email") => null (grandchild)
+ * - ExtractDirectChildKey("$input.user", "$input.user.email") => "email"
+ * - ExtractDirectChildKey("$input", "$input[0]") => null (array index, not object
+ *   property)
+ * - ExtractDirectChildKey("$input", "$input["foo-bar"]") => "foo-bar"
+ * - ExtractDirectChildKey("$input", "$input["foo"]["bar"]") => null (grandchild)
+ */
+function extractDirectChildKey(
+  parentPath: string,
+  errorPath: string,
+): string | null {
+  if (!errorPath.startsWith(parentPath)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const suffix = errorPath.slice(parentPath.length);
+
+  // Match ".propertyName" pattern (direct child property with dot notation)
+  // Should not contain additional dots or brackets after the property name
+  const dotMatch = suffix.match(/^\.([^.[\]]+)$/);
+  if (dotMatch !== null) {
+    return dotMatch[1]!;
+  }
+
+  // Match '["key"]' pattern (direct child property with bracket notation)
+  // The key is a JSON-encoded string
+  const bracketMatch = suffix.match(/^\[("[^"\\]*(?:\\.[^"\\]*)*")\]$/);
+  if (bracketMatch !== null) {
+    try {
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(bracketMatch[1]!);
+      // Ensure it's a string key, not a number (array index)
+      if (typeof parsed === "string") {
+        return parsed;
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // Invalid JSON, ignore
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}