@typed-sql/sqlite 2.2.0 → 2.3.0-rc.1

package/dist/packages/sqlite/src/resolver.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 var _a;
-import { ParameterCollector, ResolverSchemaIndex, unionTypeLiterals, } from "@typed-sql/core";
+import { jsonArrayShape, jsonObjectShape, jsonShapeAtPath, jsonShapeFromValue, jsonShapeType, jsonTupleShape, nullJsonShape, ParameterCollector, ResolverSchemaIndex, unionJsonShapes, unionTypeLiterals, unknownJsonShape, updateJsonShapePath, } from "@typed-sql/core";
 import { isSqliteAggregateFunction, isSqliteWindowFunction, normalizeSqliteDatabaseType, resolveSqliteBuiltin, SQLITE_CURRENT_TIME_KEYWORDS, SQLITE_EXTENSION_TABLE_FUNCTIONS, SQLITE_JSON_TABLE_FUNCTIONS, SQLITE_MATH_FUNCTIONS, SQLITE_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATORS, sqliteNumericOperands, sqliteOperator, } from "./catalog/index.js";
 import { walkStatement } from "./parser/index.js";
 import { compareSqliteVersions, parseSqliteVersion, sqliteVersionSupport } from "./support.js";
@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@ function isConstantFrameExpression(expression) {
     return false;
 }
 class Resolver {
+    #runtimeValidation;
+    #requiresJsonValidation = false;
+    #projections;
     #schema;
     #policy;
     #strict;
@@ -79,7 +82,9 @@ class Resolver {
     #parameters = new ParameterCollector();
     #index;
     #activeWindows = new Map();
-    constructor(schema, options) {
+    constructor(schema, options, projections = new WeakMap()) {
+        this.#projections = projections;
+        this.#runtimeValidation = options.runtimeValidation === true;
         this.#schema = schema;
         this.#index = ResolverSchemaIndex.for(schema);
         this.#policy = options.typePolicy ?? defaultSqliteTypePolicy;
@@ -306,12 +311,7 @@ class Resolver {
             const columns = {};
             result.columns.forEach((column, index) => {
                 const columnName = query.columns[index] === undefined ? column.name : name(query.columns[index]);
-                columns[columnName] = {
-                    name: columnName,
-                    databaseType: column.databaseType ?? "unknown",
-                    tsType: column.tsType,
-                    nullable: column.nullable,
-                };
+                columns[columnName] = this.#project(columnName, column);
             });
             ctes.set(key, { name: key, columns });
         }
@@ -371,12 +371,13 @@ class Resolver {
             const columnName = query.columns[index] === undefined ? seed?.name : name(query.columns[index]);
             if (columnName === undefined)
                 continue;
-            provisionalColumns[columnName] = {
-                name: columnName,
-                databaseType: seed?.databaseType ?? "unknown",
-                tsType: seed?.tsType ?? "unknown",
-                nullable: seed?.nullable ?? true,
-            };
+            provisionalColumns[columnName] = this.#project(columnName, seed?.json === undefined
+                ? {
+                    tsType: seed?.tsType ?? "unknown",
+                    nullable: seed?.nullable ?? true,
+                    ...(seed?.databaseType === undefined ? {} : { databaseType: seed.databaseType }),
+                }
+                : this.#jsonResult(unknownJsonShape, seed.nullable, seed.json.representation === "binary"));
         }
         const recursiveScope = new Map(inherited);
         recursiveScope.set(name(query.name), { name: name(query.name), columns: provisionalColumns });
@@ -444,7 +445,7 @@ class Resolver {
     #mergeCteSeedColumns(statements, outer, inherited) {
         const merged = [];
         for (const statement of statements) {
-            const probe = new _a(this.#schema, { typePolicy: this.#policy, strictExpressions: false });
+            const probe = new _a(this.#schema, { typePolicy: this.#policy, strictExpressions: false, runtimeValidation: this.#runtimeValidation }, this.#projections);
             const columns = probe.#select(statement, outer, inherited, false);
             if (merged.length === 0) {
                 merged.push(...columns);
@@ -453,12 +454,9 @@ class Resolver {
             for (let index = 0; index < Math.min(merged.length, columns.length); index += 1) {
                 const current = merged[index];
                 const candidate = columns[index];
-                const sameDatabaseType = current.databaseType === candidate.databaseType && current.databaseType !== undefined;
                 merged[index] = {
+                    ...this.#mergeTypes([current, candidate], current.nullable || candidate.nullable),
                     name: current.name,
-                    tsType: unionSqliteTypes([current.tsType, candidate.tsType]),
-                    nullable: current.nullable || candidate.nullable,
-                    ...(sameDatabaseType ? { databaseType: current.databaseType } : {}),
                     range: current.range,
                 };
             }
@@ -529,15 +527,9 @@ class Resolver {
             for (let index = 0; index < columns.length; index += 1) {
                 const left = columns[index];
                 const candidate = right[index];
-                const { databaseType: _databaseType, ...leftWithoutDatabaseType } = left;
-                columns[index] = {
-                    ...leftWithoutDatabaseType,
-                    tsType: unionSqliteTypes([left.tsType, candidate.tsType]),
-                    nullable: left.nullable || candidate.nullable,
-                    ...(left.databaseType === candidate.databaseType && left.databaseType !== undefined
-                        ? { databaseType: left.databaseType }
-                        : {}),
-                };
+                const merged = this.#mergeTypes([left, candidate], left.nullable || candidate.nullable);
+                const { jsonSubtype: _subtype, jsonEmbedding: _embedding, ...projected } = merged;
+                columns[index] = { ...projected, name: left.name, range: left.range };
             }
         }
         this.#activeWindows = previousWindows;
@@ -681,11 +673,7 @@ class Resolver {
                     this.#expression(reference.arguments[2], scope, ctes, this.#databaseType("text", false));
             }
             else {
-                const jsonInput = {
-                    tsType: sqliteFlexibleType(this.#policy),
-                    nullable: true,
-                    databaseType: "json",
-                };
+                const jsonInput = this.#jsonInput();
                 const rootPath = { tsType: "string", nullable: true, databaseType: "text" };
                 if (reference.arguments[0]?.kind === "parameter")
                     this.#expression(reference.arguments[0], scope, ctes, jsonInput);
@@ -741,12 +729,7 @@ class Resolver {
             const result = this.#statement(reference.query, reference.lateral ? scope : scope.outer, ctes);
             const columns = {};
             for (const column of result.columns)
-                columns[column.name] = {
-                    name: column.name,
-                    databaseType: column.databaseType ?? "unknown",
-                    tsType: column.tsType,
-                    nullable: column.nullable,
-                };
+                columns[column.name] = this.#project(column.name, column);
             table = { name: name(reference.alias), columns };
             alias = name(reference.alias);
         }
@@ -867,6 +850,21 @@ class Resolver {
             const source = this.#expression(expression.expression, scope, ctes, this.#databaseType(expression.databaseType.name, true));
             if (!isKnownSqliteType(expression.databaseType.name))
                 this.#diagnostic("TSQ106", `Invalid or unknown SQLite cast type ${expression.databaseType.name}`, expression.databaseType.range);
+            if (mapSqliteCastType(expression.databaseType.name, this.#policy) === "string" &&
+                source.json?.representation !== "binary" &&
+                source.jsonSubtype)
+                return source;
+            if (mapSqliteCastType(expression.databaseType.name, this.#policy) === "string" &&
+                source.jsonEmbedding !== undefined &&
+                source.json?.representation !== "binary") {
+                const variants = source.jsonEmbedding.kind === "union" ? source.jsonEmbedding.variants : [source.jsonEmbedding];
+                return {
+                    tsType: "string",
+                    nullable: source.nullable,
+                    databaseType: "text",
+                    jsonEmbedding: unionJsonShapes(variants.map((item) => ["object", "array", "tuple", "null", "unknown"].includes(item.kind) ? item : { kind: "string" })),
+                };
+            }
             return {
                 tsType: mapSqliteCastType(expression.databaseType.name, this.#policy),
                 nullable: source.nullable,
@@ -875,6 +873,15 @@ class Resolver {
         }
         if (expression.kind === "unary") {
             const operand = this.#expression(expression.expression, scope, ctes);
+            if (expression.operator !== "+" &&
+                expression.operator !== "NOT" &&
+                (operand.json !== undefined || operand.scalarJsonShape !== undefined || operand.jsonEmbedding !== undefined))
+                return {
+                    tsType: unionSqliteTypes([this.#policy.integer, "number"]),
+                    nullable: operand.nullable,
+                    databaseType: "numeric",
+                    runtimeType: { union: [this.#policy.integer, "number"] },
+                };
             return expression.operator === "NOT"
                 ? { tsType: this.#policy.integer, nullable: operand.nullable, databaseType: "integer" }
                 : operand;
@@ -891,10 +898,7 @@ class Resolver {
             const values = expression.branches.map((branch) => this.#expression(branch.then, scope, ctes));
             if (expression.elseExpression !== undefined)
                 values.push(this.#expression(expression.elseExpression, scope, ctes));
-            return {
-                tsType: unionSqliteTypes(values.map((value) => value.tsType)),
-                nullable: expression.elseExpression === undefined || values.some((value) => value.nullable),
-            };
+            return this.#mergeTypes(values, expression.elseExpression === undefined || values.some((value) => value.nullable));
         }
         if (expression.kind === "subquery") {
             const result = this.#statement(expression.query, scope, ctes);
@@ -903,11 +907,8 @@ class Resolver {
                 return { tsType: "unknown", nullable: true };
             }
             const column = result.columns[0];
-            return {
-                tsType: column.tsType,
-                nullable: true,
-                ...(column.databaseType === undefined ? {} : { databaseType: column.databaseType }),
-            };
+            const { name: _name, range: _range, ...type } = column;
+            return { ...type, nullable: true };
         }
         if (expression.kind === "exists") {
             this.#statement(expression.query, scope, ctes);
@@ -955,9 +956,18 @@ class Resolver {
         if (SQLITE_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATORS.has(expression.operator)) {
             this.#unsupported(`SQLite does not support operator ${expression.operator}`, expression.range);
         }
+        const operator = sqliteOperator(expression.operator);
         let left;
         let right;
-        if (expression.left.kind === "parameter" && expression.right.kind !== "parameter") {
+        if (operator?.result === "json-text" || operator?.result === "json-flexible") {
+            left = this.#expression(expression.left, scope, ctes, this.#jsonInput());
+            right = this.#expression(expression.right, scope, ctes, {
+                tsType: "string",
+                nullable: true,
+                databaseType: "text",
+            });
+        }
+        else if (expression.left.kind === "parameter" && expression.right.kind !== "parameter") {
             right = this.#expression(expression.right, scope, ctes);
             left = this.#expression(expression.left, scope, ctes, right);
         }
@@ -965,7 +975,6 @@ class Resolver {
             left = this.#expression(expression.left, scope, ctes);
             right = this.#expression(expression.right, scope, ctes, expression.right.kind === "parameter" ? left : undefined);
         }
-        const operator = sqliteOperator(expression.operator);
         if (operator?.result === "json-text" || operator?.result === "json-flexible") {
             const availability = resolveSqliteBuiltin("JSON", 1, this.#schema.server?.versionKey ?? this.#schema.version, this.#schema.server?.features);
             if (!this.#catalogAvailable(availability, `operator ${expression.operator}`, expression.range))
@@ -980,13 +989,15 @@ class Resolver {
         if (operator?.result === "text") {
             return { tsType: "string", nullable: left.nullable || right.nullable, databaseType: "text" };
         }
-        if (operator?.result === "json-text")
-            return { tsType: "string", nullable: true, databaseType: "text" };
-        if (operator?.result === "json-flexible")
-            return {
-                tsType: sqliteFlexibleType(this.#policy),
-                nullable: true,
-            };
+        if (operator?.result === "json-text" || operator?.result === "json-flexible") {
+            const argument = expression.right;
+            const path = argument.kind === "literal" && typeof argument.value === "string"
+                ? this.#jsonPath(argument.value.startsWith("$") ? argument.value : `$.${JSON.stringify(argument.value)}`)
+                : argument.kind === "literal" && typeof argument.value === "number"
+                    ? [argument.value]
+                    : undefined;
+            return this.#jsonExtract(this.#jsonDocument(left, expression.left), path, operator.result === "json-text", false, left.nullable || right.nullable);
+        }
         if (operator?.result === "numeric" && sqliteNumericOperands(left.databaseType, right.databaseType)) {
             return {
                 tsType: unionSqliteTypes([this.#policy.integer, "number"]),
@@ -1064,7 +1075,13 @@ class Resolver {
             }
             this.#builtinParameters(functionName, expression, scope, ctes);
             this.#dateTimeArguments(functionName, expression);
-            return this.#builtinResult(builtin.definition, values, expression.arguments);
+            const result = this.#jsonCall(functionName, values, expression.arguments) ??
+                this.#builtinResult(builtin.definition, values, expression.arguments);
+            if (builtinWindow) {
+                const { jsonSubtype: _subtype, jsonEmbedding: _embedding, ...stored } = result;
+                return stored;
+            }
+            return result;
         }
         if (builtin.status === "arity") {
             const ranges = [...new Set(builtin.definitions.map(({ arguments: range }) => this.#arity(range)))].join(" or ");
@@ -1198,7 +1215,7 @@ class Resolver {
             databaseType: "numeric",
         };
         const text = { tsType: "string", nullable: true, databaseType: "text" };
-        const json = { tsType: sqliteFlexibleType(this.#policy), nullable: true, databaseType: "json" };
+        const json = this.#jsonInput();
         const jsonValue = { tsType: sqliteFlexibleType(this.#policy), nullable: true };
         const timeValue = {
             tsType: unionSqliteTypes([this.#policy.integer, "number", "string"]),
@@ -1313,10 +1330,7 @@ class Resolver {
             case "blob-nullable":
                 return { tsType: "Uint8Array", nullable: true, databaseType: "blob" };
             case "coalesce":
-                return {
-                    tsType: unionSqliteTypes(values.map((value) => value.tsType)),
-                    nullable: values.every((value) => value.nullable),
-                };
+                return this.#mergeTypes(values, values.every((value) => value.nullable));
             case "concat":
                 return { tsType: "string", nullable: false, databaseType: "text" };
             case "concat-ws":
@@ -1326,16 +1340,10 @@ class Resolver {
             case "first-argument-nullable":
                 return { ...first, nullable: true };
             case "flexible-nullable":
-                return {
-                    tsType: unionSqliteTypes(values.map((value) => value.tsType)),
-                    nullable: values.some((value) => value.nullable),
-                };
+                return this.#mergeTypes(values, values.some((value) => value.nullable));
             case "iif": {
                 const branches = values.filter((_, index) => index % 2 === 1 || (values.length % 2 === 1 && index === values.length - 1));
-                return {
-                    tsType: unionSqliteTypes(branches.map((value) => value.tsType)),
-                    nullable: values.length % 2 === 0 || branches.some((value) => value.nullable),
-                };
+                return this.#mergeTypes(branches, values.length % 2 === 0 || branches.some((value) => value.nullable));
             }
             case "integer":
                 return { tsType: this.#policy.integer, nullable: false, databaseType: "integer" };
@@ -1357,11 +1365,7 @@ class Resolver {
                     : { tsType: "Uint8Array", nullable: true, databaseType: "blob" };
             case "lag-lead": {
                 const fallback = values[2];
-                return {
-                    ...first,
-                    tsType: fallback === undefined ? first.tsType : unionSqliteTypes([first.tsType, fallback.tsType]),
-                    nullable: first.nullable || fallback === undefined || fallback.nullable,
-                };
+                return this.#mergeTypes(fallback === undefined ? [first] : [first, fallback], first.nullable || fallback === undefined || fallback.nullable);
             }
             case "nullif":
                 return { ...first, nullable: true };
@@ -1457,8 +1461,414 @@ class Resolver {
             this.#diagnostic("TSQ101", `Unknown column ${identifier.name}`, identifier.range);
         return column;
     }
+    #project(name, value) {
+        const column = {
+            name,
+            databaseType: value.databaseType ?? "unknown",
+            tsType: value.tsType,
+            nullable: value.nullable,
+        };
+        const { name: _name, range: _range, jsonSubtype: _subtype, jsonEmbedding: _embedding, ...stored } = value;
+        this.#projections.set(column, stored);
+        return column;
+    }
+    #mergeTypes(values, nullable) {
+        const first = values[0];
+        if (first?.json !== undefined &&
+            values.every((value) => value.json?.representation === first.json.representation)) {
+            const result = this.#jsonResult(unionJsonShapes(values.map((value) => value.json.shape)), nullable, first.json.representation === "binary");
+            return {
+                ...result,
+                jsonEmbedding: unionJsonShapes(values.map((value) => this.#jsonValue(value))),
+                json: {
+                    ...result.json,
+                    ...(values.some((value) => value.json?.requiresRuntimeValidation) ? { requiresRuntimeValidation: true } : {}),
+                },
+            };
+        }
+        // Mixed parsed JSON/native SQL branches have no single physical decoding contract.
+        if (values.some((value) => value.json?.representation === "parsed"))
+            return { tsType: "unknown", nullable };
+        const hasScalar = values.some((value) => value.scalarJsonShape !== undefined);
+        const scalarShapes = values.map((value) => value.scalarJsonShape ??
+            (value.tsType === "string" || value.json?.representation === "text"
+                ? { kind: "string" }
+                : value.tsType === "bigint" || value.tsType === "number"
+                    ? { kind: "number" }
+                    : undefined));
+        if (hasScalar && scalarShapes.some((shape) => shape === undefined))
+            return { tsType: "unknown", nullable };
+        return {
+            tsType: unionSqliteTypes(values.map((value) => value.tsType)),
+            nullable,
+            ...(hasScalar
+                ? {
+                    scalarJsonShape: unionJsonShapes(scalarShapes),
+                    runtimeType: {
+                        union: values.map((value) => value.runtimeType ??
+                            (value.tsType === "string" || value.tsType === "number" || value.tsType === "bigint"
+                                ? value.tsType
+                                : "unknown")),
+                    },
+                }
+                : {}),
+            ...(first?.databaseType !== undefined && values.every((value) => value.databaseType === first.databaseType)
+                ? { databaseType: first.databaseType }
+                : {}),
+            ...(values.some((value) => value.json !== undefined || value.jsonEmbedding !== undefined)
+                ? { jsonEmbedding: unionJsonShapes(values.map((value) => this.#jsonValue(value))) }
+                : {}),
+        };
+    }
+    #jsonInput() {
+        return {
+            tsType: sqliteFlexibleType(this.#policy),
+            nullable: true,
+            databaseType: "json",
+            acceptsJsonInput: true,
+        };
+    }
+    #jsonResult(shape, nullable, binary = false) {
+        const representation = binary
+            ? "binary"
+            : this.#policy.json === "parsed" && this.#runtimeValidation
+                ? "parsed"
+                : "text";
+        return {
+            tsType: binary ? "Uint8Array" : representation === "parsed" ? jsonShapeType(shape) : "string",
+            nullable,
+            databaseType: binary ? "blob" : "text",
+            jsonSubtype: true,
+            json: {
+                shape,
+                representation,
+                ...(representation === "parsed" || this.#requiresJsonValidation ? { requiresRuntimeValidation: true } : {}),
+            },
+        };
+    }
+    #jsonValue(value, expression) {
+        if (expression?.kind === "literal" && expression.value === null)
+            return nullJsonShape;
+        let shape = value.jsonEmbedding ??
+            (value.jsonSubtype || value.json?.representation === "binary" ? value.json?.shape : undefined) ??
+            value.scalarJsonShape;
+        if (shape === undefined) {
+            const type = value.databaseType?.toLowerCase();
+            if (["integer", "int", "real", "numeric"].includes(type ?? ""))
+                shape = { kind: "number" };
+            else if (["text", "varchar"].includes(type ?? ""))
+                shape = { kind: "string" };
+            else if (value.tsType === "string")
+                shape = { kind: "string" };
+        }
+        shape ??= unknownJsonShape;
+        return value.nullable ? unionJsonShapes([shape, nullJsonShape]) : shape;
+    }
+    #jsonDocument(value, expression) {
+        if (value.json !== undefined)
+            return value.json.shape;
+        if (expression?.kind === "literal" && typeof expression.value === "string") {
+            try {
+                const parsed = JSON.parse(expression.value);
+                // JSON.parse discards duplicate object labels; SQLite path lookup keeps the first.
+                // Only canonical containers establish literal structure without another JSON parser.
+                const trimmed = expression.value.trim();
+                if ((trimmed.startsWith("{") || trimmed.startsWith("[")) && JSON.stringify(parsed) !== trimmed)
+                    return unknownJsonShape;
+                return jsonShapeFromValue(parsed);
+            }
+            catch {
+                /* JSON5 and malformed/dynamic input stay unknown. */
+            }
+        }
+        return unknownJsonShape;
+    }
+    #jsonPath(text) {
+        if (!text.startsWith("$"))
+            return undefined;
+        let rest = text.slice(1);
+        const path = [];
+        while (rest.length > 0 && path.length < 32) {
+            const quoted = /^\.("(?:[^"\\]|\\.)*")/u.exec(rest);
+            const member = /^\.([^.[\]"]+)/u.exec(rest);
+            const index = /^\[(\d+|#(?:-\d+)?)\]/u.exec(rest);
+            if (quoted !== null) {
+                try {
+                    path.push(JSON.parse(quoted[1]));
+                }
+                catch {
+                    return undefined;
+                }
+                rest = rest.slice(quoted[0].length);
+            }
+            else if (member !== null) {
+                path.push(member[1]);
+                rest = rest.slice(member[0].length);
+            }
+            else if (index !== null) {
+                path.push(index[1] === "#" || index[1] === "#-0"
+                    ? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
+                    : index[1].startsWith("#-")
+                        ? -Number(index[1].slice(2))
+                        : Number(index[1]));
+                rest = rest.slice(index[0].length);
+            }
+            else
+                return undefined;
+        }
+        return rest.length === 0 ? path : undefined;
+    }
+    #jsonExtract(shape, path, serialized, binary, nullable) {
+        const selected = path === undefined ? { shape: unknownJsonShape, presence: "maybe" } : jsonShapeAtPath(shape, path);
+        nullable ||= selected.presence !== "always";
+        if (selected.presence === "never")
+            return { tsType: "never", nullable: true, scalarJsonShape: nullJsonShape };
+        if (serialized)
+            return this.#jsonResult(selected.shape, nullable, binary);
+        const variants = selected.shape.kind === "union" ? selected.shape.variants : [selected.shape];
+        const structured = (item) => ["object", "array", "tuple"].includes(item.kind);
+        if (variants.every(structured))
+            return this.#jsonResult(selected.shape, nullable, binary);
+        const types = [];
+        const runtime = [];
+        const scalars = [];
+        for (const item of variants) {
+            if (item.kind === "null") {
+                nullable = true;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (structured(item)) {
+                types.push(binary ? "Uint8Array" : "string");
+                runtime.push(binary ? "bytes" : "string");
+                continue;
+            }
+            const kind = item.kind === "literal" ? typeof item.value : item.kind;
+            if (kind === "boolean") {
+                types.push(this.#policy.integer === "bigint" ? "0n | 1n" : "0 | 1");
+                runtime.push(this.#policy.integer);
+                scalars.push(unionJsonShapes([
+                    { kind: "literal", value: 0 },
+                    { kind: "literal", value: 1 },
+                ]));
+            }
+            else if (kind === "number") {
+                types.push(this.#policy.integer, "number");
+                runtime.push(this.#policy.integer, "number");
+                scalars.push({ kind: "number" });
+            }
+            else if (kind === "string") {
+                types.push("string");
+                runtime.push("string");
+                scalars.push(item);
+            }
+            else {
+                types.push(this.#policy.integer, "number", "string", ...(binary ? ["Uint8Array"] : []));
+                runtime.push(this.#policy.integer, "number", "string", ...(binary ? ["bytes"] : []));
+                nullable = true;
+            }
+        }
+        const members = [...new Set(runtime)];
+        return {
+            tsType: types.length === 0 ? "never" : unionSqliteTypes(types),
+            nullable,
+            runtimeType: members.length === 0 ? "unknown" : members.length === 1 ? members[0] : { union: members },
+            jsonEmbedding: unionJsonShapes(variants.map((item) => {
+                const kind = item.kind === "literal" ? typeof item.value : item.kind;
+                return kind === "boolean"
+                    ? unionJsonShapes([
+                        { kind: "literal", value: 0 },
+                        { kind: "literal", value: 1 },
+                    ])
+                    : kind === "number"
+                        ? { kind: "number" }
+                        : item;
+            })),
+            ...(scalars.length === variants.length ? { scalarJsonShape: unionJsonShapes(scalars) } : {}),
+        };
+    }
+    #jsonUpdate(shape, path, value, mode, arrayInsert = false, depth = 0, budget = { nodes: 0 }) {
+        if (++budget.nodes > 1_024 || depth > 32)
+            return unknownJsonShape;
+        if (path.length === 0)
+            return mode === "insert" ? shape : (value ?? nullJsonShape);
+        if (shape.kind === "unknown")
+            return shape;
+        if (shape.kind === "union")
+            return unionJsonShapes(shape.variants.map((item) => this.#jsonUpdate(item, path, value, mode, arrayInsert, depth + 1, budget)));
+        let key = path[0];
+        if (key === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && shape.kind === "tuple")
+            key = shape.elements.length;
+        if (typeof key === "string" && shape.kind === "object") {
+            const selected = jsonShapeAtPath(shape, [key]);
+            if (path.length === 1)
+                return updateJsonShapePath(shape, [key], value, mode);
+            if (selected.presence === "never" && mode === "replace")
+                return shape;
+            const child = selected.presence === "never"
+                ? typeof path[1] === "number"
+                    ? jsonTupleShape([])
+                    : jsonObjectShape({})
+                : selected.shape;
+            let next = this.#jsonUpdate(child, path.slice(1), value, mode, arrayInsert, depth + 1, budget);
+            if (selected.presence === "never" && next === child)
+                return shape;
+            if (selected.presence === "maybe" && mode !== "replace" && value !== undefined) {
+                const missing = typeof path[1] === "number" ? jsonTupleShape([]) : jsonObjectShape({});
+                next = unionJsonShapes([
+                    next,
+                    this.#jsonUpdate(missing, path.slice(1), value, mode, arrayInsert, depth + 1, budget),
+                ]);
+            }
+            return updateJsonShapePath(shape, [key], next, selected.presence === "never" ? "set" : "replace");
+        }
+        if (typeof key === "number" && shape.kind === "tuple") {
+            const index = key < 0 ? shape.elements.length + key : key;
+            if (!Number.isSafeInteger(index) || index < 0 || index > shape.elements.length)
+                return shape;
+            if (path.length === 1) {
+                if (arrayInsert && value !== undefined) {
+                    const elements = [...shape.elements];
+                    elements.splice(index, 0, value);
+                    return jsonTupleShape(elements);
+                }
+                return updateJsonShapePath(shape, [index], value, mode);
+            }
+            if (index === shape.elements.length && mode === "replace")
+                return shape;
+            const child = shape.elements[index] ?? (typeof path[1] === "number" ? jsonTupleShape([]) : jsonObjectShape({}));
+            return updateJsonShapePath(shape, [index], this.#jsonUpdate(child, path.slice(1), value, mode, arrayInsert, depth + 1, budget), index === shape.elements.length ? "set" : "replace");
+        }
+        if (typeof key === "number" && shape.kind === "array") {
+            if (key === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && path.length > 1)
+                return unknownJsonShape;
+            return value === undefined
+                ? shape
+                : jsonArrayShape(unionJsonShapes([
+                    shape.element,
+                    path.length === 1
+                        ? value
+                        : this.#jsonUpdate(shape.element, path.slice(1), value, mode, arrayInsert, depth + 1, budget),
+                    ...(path.length > 1 && mode !== "replace"
+                        ? [
+                            this.#jsonUpdate(typeof path[1] === "number" ? jsonTupleShape([]) : jsonObjectShape({}), path.slice(1), value, mode, arrayInsert, depth + 1, budget),
+                        ]
+                        : []),
+                ]));
+        }
+        return shape;
+    }
+    #jsonPatch(left, right, budget = { nodes: 0 }) {
+        if (++budget.nodes > 1_024)
+            return unknownJsonShape;
+        if (left.kind === "unknown" || right.kind === "unknown")
+            return unknownJsonShape;
+        if (left.kind === "union")
+            return unionJsonShapes(left.variants.map((item) => this.#jsonPatch(item, right, budget)));
+        if (right.kind === "union")
+            return unionJsonShapes(right.variants.map((item) => this.#jsonPatch(left, item, budget)));
+        if (right.kind !== "object")
+            return right;
+        if (right.additionalProperties !== undefined ||
+            Object.values(right.properties).some((property) => property.optional))
+            return unknownJsonShape;
+        let result = left.kind === "object" ? left : jsonObjectShape({});
+        for (const [key, property] of Object.entries(right.properties)) {
+            const previous = jsonShapeAtPath(result, [key]);
+            const apply = (patch) => {
+                if (++budget.nodes > 1_024 || patch.kind === "unknown")
+                    return unknownJsonShape;
+                if (patch.kind === "union")
+                    return unionJsonShapes(patch.variants.map(apply));
+                return updateJsonShapePath(result, [key], patch.kind === "null"
+                    ? undefined
+                    : this.#jsonPatch(previous.presence === "never" ? jsonObjectShape({}) : previous.shape, patch, budget));
+            };
+            result = apply(property.shape);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+    #jsonCall(name, values, args) {
+        if (!name.startsWith("JSON"))
+            return undefined;
+        const binary = name.startsWith("JSONB");
+        const plain = name.replace(/^JSONB/u, "JSON");
+        const result = (shape, nullable = false) => this.#jsonResult(shape, nullable, binary);
+        if (plain === "JSON" || plain === "JSON_PRETTY")
+            return result(this.#jsonDocument(values[0], args[0]), values[0].nullable);
+        if (plain === "JSON_ARRAY")
+            return result(jsonTupleShape(values.map((value, index) => this.#jsonValue(value, args[index]))));
+        if (plain === "JSON_OBJECT") {
+            const properties = {};
+            for (let index = 0; index < args.length; index += 2) {
+                const key = args[index];
+                if (key.kind !== "literal")
+                    return result(unknownJsonShape);
+                if (typeof key.value !== "string") {
+                    this.#diagnostic("TSQ202", "SQLite JSON object labels must be text", key.range);
+                    return { tsType: "unknown", nullable: true };
+                }
+                Object.defineProperty(properties, key.value, {
+                    value: {
+                        shape: Object.hasOwn(properties, key.value)
+                            ? unionJsonShapes([properties[key.value].shape, this.#jsonValue(values[index + 1], args[index + 1])])
+                            : this.#jsonValue(values[index + 1], args[index + 1]),
+                    },
+                    enumerable: true,
+                    configurable: true,
+                });
+            }
+            return result(jsonObjectShape(properties));
+        }
+        if (plain === "JSON_GROUP_ARRAY")
+            return result(jsonArrayShape(this.#jsonValue(values[0], args[0])));
+        if (plain === "JSON_GROUP_OBJECT")
+            return result(jsonObjectShape({}, this.#jsonValue(values[1], args[1])));
+        if (plain === "JSON_QUOTE")
+            return result(this.#jsonValue(values[0], args[0]));
+        if (plain === "JSON_EXTRACT") {
+            const shape = this.#jsonDocument(values[0], args[0]);
+            const paths = args
+                .slice(1)
+                .map((argument) => argument.kind === "literal" && typeof argument.value === "string"
+                ? this.#jsonPath(argument.value)
+                : undefined);
+            if (paths.length === 1)
+                return this.#jsonExtract(shape, paths[0], false, binary, values[0].nullable || values[1].nullable);
+            const selected = paths.map((path) => path === undefined
+                ? unknownJsonShape
+                : (() => {
+                    const item = jsonShapeAtPath(shape, path);
+                    return item.presence === "never"
+                        ? nullJsonShape
+                        : item.presence === "maybe"
+                            ? unionJsonShapes([item.shape, nullJsonShape])
+                            : item.shape;
+                })());
+            return result(jsonTupleShape(selected), values.some((value) => value.nullable));
+        }
+        if (["JSON_SET", "JSON_INSERT", "JSON_REPLACE", "JSON_ARRAY_INSERT", "JSON_REMOVE"].includes(plain)) {
+            let shape = this.#jsonDocument(values[0], args[0]);
+            for (let index = 1; index < args.length; index += plain === "JSON_REMOVE" ? 1 : 2) {
+                const argument = args[index];
+                const path = argument.kind === "literal" && typeof argument.value === "string"
+                    ? this.#jsonPath(argument.value)
+                    : undefined;
+                if (path === undefined)
+                    return result(unknownJsonShape, true);
+                if (plain === "JSON_REMOVE" && path.length === 0)
+                    return { tsType: "never", nullable: true, scalarJsonShape: nullJsonShape };
+                shape = this.#jsonUpdate(shape, path, plain === "JSON_REMOVE" ? undefined : this.#jsonValue(values[index + 1], args[index + 1]), plain === "JSON_INSERT" ? "insert" : plain === "JSON_REPLACE" ? "replace" : "set", plain === "JSON_ARRAY_INSERT");
+            }
+            return result(shape, plain === "JSON_REMOVE"
+                ? values.some((value) => value.nullable)
+                : values[0].nullable || values.some((value, index) => index % 2 === 1 && value.nullable));
+        }
+        if (plain === "JSON_PATCH")
+            return result(this.#jsonPatch(this.#jsonDocument(values[0], args[0]), this.#jsonDocument(values[1], args[1])), values.some((value) => value.nullable));
+        return undefined;
+    }
     #columnType(relation, column) {
-        return { tsType: column.tsType, nullable: column.nullable || relation.nullable, databaseType: column.databaseType };
+        return { ...this.#snapshotType(column), nullable: column.nullable || relation.nullable };
     }
     #hasImplicitRowid(table, columnName) {
         if (!["rowid", "oid", "_rowid_"].includes(columnName.toLowerCase()))
@@ -1489,6 +1899,21 @@ class Resolver {
     #snapshotType(column) {
         if (column === undefined)
             return undefined;
+        const projected = this.#projections.get(column);
+        if (projected !== undefined)
+            return projected;
+        const declaration = column.jsonDeclaration;
+        if (declaration !== undefined && (declaration.source === "database" || this.#runtimeValidation)) {
+            if (declaration.source === "application")
+                this.#requiresJsonValidation = true;
+            const binary = column.databaseType.toLowerCase() === "blob";
+            const result = this.#jsonResult(declaration.shape, column.nullable, binary);
+            const { jsonSubtype: _subtype, ...stored } = result;
+            return {
+                ...stored,
+                ...(declaration.source === "application" ? { json: { ...result.json, requiresRuntimeValidation: true } } : {}),
+            };
+        }
         return { tsType: column.tsType, nullable: column.nullable, databaseType: column.databaseType };
     }
     #generated(column) {