@tushar-br/desktop 1.0.283 → 1.0.285

package/staging_area/micro projects/SD -Advanced Media Processing Toolkit Automated Downloader, Segmenter & Neural Dubber/.venv/Lib/site-packages/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py

@@ -1,2338 +0,0 @@
-#
-# The Python Imaging Library.
-# $Id$
-#
-# TIFF file handling
-#
-# TIFF is a flexible, if somewhat aged, image file format originally
-# defined by Aldus.  Although TIFF supports a wide variety of pixel
-# layouts and compression methods, the name doesn't really stand for
-# "thousands of incompatible file formats," it just feels that way.
-#
-# To read TIFF data from a stream, the stream must be seekable.  For
-# progressive decoding, make sure to use TIFF files where the tag
-# directory is placed first in the file.
-#
-# History:
-# 1995-09-01 fl   Created
-# 1996-05-04 fl   Handle JPEGTABLES tag
-# 1996-05-18 fl   Fixed COLORMAP support
-# 1997-01-05 fl   Fixed PREDICTOR support
-# 1997-08-27 fl   Added support for rational tags (from Perry Stoll)
-# 1998-01-10 fl   Fixed seek/tell (from Jan Blom)
-# 1998-07-15 fl   Use private names for internal variables
-# 1999-06-13 fl   Rewritten for PIL 1.0 (1.0)
-# 2000-10-11 fl   Additional fixes for Python 2.0 (1.1)
-# 2001-04-17 fl   Fixed rewind support (seek to frame 0) (1.2)
-# 2001-05-12 fl   Added write support for more tags (from Greg Couch) (1.3)
-# 2001-12-18 fl   Added workaround for broken Matrox library
-# 2002-01-18 fl   Don't mess up if photometric tag is missing (D. Alan Stewart)
-# 2003-05-19 fl   Check FILLORDER tag
-# 2003-09-26 fl   Added RGBa support
-# 2004-02-24 fl   Added DPI support; fixed rational write support
-# 2005-02-07 fl   Added workaround for broken Corel Draw 10 files
-# 2006-01-09 fl   Added support for float/double tags (from Russell Nelson)
-#
-# Copyright (c) 1997-2006 by Secret Labs AB.  All rights reserved.
-# Copyright (c) 1995-1997 by Fredrik Lundh
-#
-# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
-#
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import io
-import itertools
-import logging
-import math
-import os
-import struct
-import warnings
-from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
-from fractions import Fraction
-from numbers import Number, Rational
-from typing import IO, Any, cast
-
-from . import ExifTags, Image, ImageFile, ImageOps, ImagePalette, TiffTags
-from ._binary import i16be as i16
-from ._binary import i32be as i32
-from ._binary import o8
-from ._util import DeferredError, is_path
-from .TiffTags import TYPES
-
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Iterator
-    from typing import NoReturn
-
-    from ._typing import Buffer, IntegralLike, StrOrBytesPath
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-# Set these to true to force use of libtiff for reading or writing.
-READ_LIBTIFF = False
-WRITE_LIBTIFF = False
-STRIP_SIZE = 65536
-
-II = b"II"  # little-endian (Intel style)
-MM = b"MM"  # big-endian (Motorola style)
-
-#
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Read TIFF files
-
-# a few tag names, just to make the code below a bit more readable
-OSUBFILETYPE = 255
-IMAGEWIDTH = 256
-IMAGELENGTH = 257
-BITSPERSAMPLE = 258
-COMPRESSION = 259
-PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION = 262
-FILLORDER = 266
-IMAGEDESCRIPTION = 270
-STRIPOFFSETS = 273
-SAMPLESPERPIXEL = 277
-ROWSPERSTRIP = 278
-STRIPBYTECOUNTS = 279
-X_RESOLUTION = 282
-Y_RESOLUTION = 283
-PLANAR_CONFIGURATION = 284
-RESOLUTION_UNIT = 296
-TRANSFERFUNCTION = 301
-SOFTWARE = 305
-DATE_TIME = 306
-ARTIST = 315
-PREDICTOR = 317
-COLORMAP = 320
-TILEWIDTH = 322
-TILELENGTH = 323
-TILEOFFSETS = 324
-TILEBYTECOUNTS = 325
-SUBIFD = 330
-EXTRASAMPLES = 338
-SAMPLEFORMAT = 339
-JPEGTABLES = 347
-YCBCRSUBSAMPLING = 530
-REFERENCEBLACKWHITE = 532
-COPYRIGHT = 33432
-IPTC_NAA_CHUNK = 33723  # newsphoto properties
-PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK = 34377  # photoshop properties
-ICCPROFILE = 34675
-EXIFIFD = 34665
-XMP = 700
-JPEGQUALITY = 65537  # pseudo-tag by libtiff
-
-# https://github.com/imagej/ImageJA/blob/master/src/main/java/ij/io/TiffDecoder.java
-IMAGEJ_META_DATA_BYTE_COUNTS = 50838
-IMAGEJ_META_DATA = 50839
-
-COMPRESSION_INFO = {
-    # Compression => pil compression name
-    1: "raw",
-    2: "tiff_ccitt",
-    3: "group3",
-    4: "group4",
-    5: "tiff_lzw",
-    6: "tiff_jpeg",  # obsolete
-    7: "jpeg",
-    8: "tiff_adobe_deflate",
-    32771: "tiff_raw_16",  # 16-bit padding
-    32773: "packbits",
-    32809: "tiff_thunderscan",
-    32946: "tiff_deflate",
-    34676: "tiff_sgilog",
-    34677: "tiff_sgilog24",
-    34925: "lzma",
-    50000: "zstd",
-    50001: "webp",
-}
-
-COMPRESSION_INFO_REV = {v: k for k, v in COMPRESSION_INFO.items()}
-
-OPEN_INFO = {
-    # (ByteOrder, PhotoInterpretation, SampleFormat, FillOrder, BitsPerSample,
-    #  ExtraSamples) => mode, rawmode
-    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;I"),
-    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;I"),
-    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;IR"),
-    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;IR"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1"),
-    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;R"),
-    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;R"),
-    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2I"),
-    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2I"),
-    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2IR"),
-    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2IR"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2"),
-    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2R"),
-    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("L", "L;2R"),
-    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4I"),
-    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4I"),
-    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4IR"),
-    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4IR"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4"),
-    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4R"),
-    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4R"),
-    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;I"),
-    (MM, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;I"),
-    (II, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;IR"),
-    (MM, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;IR"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
-    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
-    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
-    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;R"),
-    (MM, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;R"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (12,), ()): ("I;16", "I;12"),
-    (II, 0, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16", "I;16"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16", "I;16"),
-    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16B", "I;16B"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 2, (16,), ()): ("I;16", "I;16R"),
-    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I", "I;16S"),
-    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I", "I;16BS"),
-    (II, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32F"),
-    (MM, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32BF"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (32,), ()): ("I", "I;32N"),
-    (II, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): ("I", "I;32S"),
-    (MM, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): ("I", "I;32BS"),
-    (II, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32F"),
-    (MM, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32BF"),
-    (II, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("LA", "LA"),
-    (MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("LA", "LA"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;R"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;R"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),  # missing ExtraSamples
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),  # missing ExtraSamples
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("RGB", "RGBX"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("RGB", "RGBX"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): ("RGB", "RGBXX"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): ("RGB", "RGBXX"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0, 0)): ("RGB", "RGBXXX"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0, 0)): ("RGB", "RGBXXX"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBaX"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBaX"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBaXX"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (1, 0, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBaXX"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBAX"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBAX"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBAXX"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (2, 0, 0)): ("RGBA", "RGBAXX"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),  # Corel Draw 10
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),  # Corel Draw 10
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;16L"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;16B"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA;16L"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA;16B"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (0,)): ("RGB", "RGBX;16L"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (0,)): ("RGB", "RGBX;16B"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa;16L"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa;16B"),
-    (II, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA;16L"),
-    (MM, 2, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA;16B"),
-    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1"),
-    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1"),
-    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1R"),
-    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1R"),
-    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2"),
-    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2"),
-    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2R"),
-    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2R"),
-    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4"),
-    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4"),
-    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4R"),
-    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4R"),
-    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("P", "P"),
-    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("P", "P"),
-    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (0,)): ("P", "PX"),
-    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (0,)): ("P", "PX"),
-    (II, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("PA", "PA"),
-    (MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("PA", "PA"),
-    (II, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("P", "P;R"),
-    (MM, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("P", "P;R"),
-    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("CMYK", "CMYK"),
-    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("CMYK", "CMYK"),
-    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("CMYK", "CMYKX"),
-    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("CMYK", "CMYKX"),
-    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): ("CMYK", "CMYKXX"),
-    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8), (0, 0)): ("CMYK", "CMYKXX"),
-    (II, 5, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): ("CMYK", "CMYK;16L"),
-    (MM, 5, (1,), 1, (16, 16, 16, 16), ()): ("CMYK", "CMYK;16B"),
-    (II, 6, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
-    (MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
-    # JPEG compressed images handled by LibTiff and auto-converted to RGBX
-    # Minimal Baseline TIFF requires YCbCr images to have 3 SamplesPerPixel
-    (II, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGBX"),
-    (MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGBX"),
-    (II, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("LAB", "LAB"),
-    (MM, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("LAB", "LAB"),
-}
-
-MAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL = max(len(key_tp[4]) for key_tp in OPEN_INFO)
-
-PREFIXES = [
-    b"MM\x00\x2a",  # Valid TIFF header with big-endian byte order
-    b"II\x2a\x00",  # Valid TIFF header with little-endian byte order
-    b"MM\x2a\x00",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume big-endian
-    b"II\x00\x2a",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume little-endian
-    b"MM\x00\x2b",  # BigTIFF with big-endian byte order
-    b"II\x2b\x00",  # BigTIFF with little-endian byte order
-]
-
-
-def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix.startswith(tuple(PREFIXES))
-
-
-def _limit_rational(
-    val: float | Fraction | IFDRational, max_val: int
-) -> tuple[IntegralLike, IntegralLike]:
-    inv = abs(val) > 1
-    n_d = IFDRational(1 / val if inv else val).limit_rational(max_val)
-    return n_d[::-1] if inv else n_d
-
-
-def _limit_signed_rational(
-    val: IFDRational, max_val: int, min_val: int
-) -> tuple[IntegralLike, IntegralLike]:
-    frac = Fraction(val)
-    n_d: tuple[IntegralLike, IntegralLike] = frac.numerator, frac.denominator
-
-    if min(float(i) for i in n_d) < min_val:
-        n_d = _limit_rational(val, abs(min_val))
-
-    n_d_float = tuple(float(i) for i in n_d)
-    if max(n_d_float) > max_val:
-        n_d = _limit_rational(n_d_float[0] / n_d_float[1], max_val)
-
-    return n_d
-
-
-##
-# Wrapper for TIFF IFDs.
-
-_load_dispatch = {}
-_write_dispatch = {}
-
-
-def _delegate(op: str) -> Any:
-    def delegate(
-        self: IFDRational, *args: tuple[float, ...]
-    ) -> bool | float | Fraction:
-        return getattr(self._val, op)(*args)
-
-    return delegate
-
-
-class IFDRational(Rational):
-    """Implements a rational class where 0/0 is a legal value to match
-    the in the wild use of exif rationals.
-
-    e.g., DigitalZoomRatio - 0.00/0.00  indicates that no digital zoom was used
-    """
-
-    """ If the denominator is 0, store this as a float('nan'), otherwise store
-    as a fractions.Fraction(). Delegate as appropriate
-
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = ("_numerator", "_denominator", "_val")
-
-    def __init__(
-        self, value: float | Fraction | IFDRational, denominator: int = 1
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        :param value: either an integer numerator, a
-        float/rational/other number, or an IFDRational
-        :param denominator: Optional integer denominator
-        """
-        self._val: Fraction | float
-        if isinstance(value, IFDRational):
-            self._numerator = value.numerator
-            self._denominator = value.denominator
-            self._val = value._val
-            return
-
-        if isinstance(value, Fraction):
-            self._numerator = value.numerator
-            self._denominator = value.denominator
-        else:
-            if TYPE_CHECKING:
-                self._numerator = cast(IntegralLike, value)
-            else:
-                self._numerator = value
-            self._denominator = denominator
-
-        if denominator == 0:
-            self._val = float("nan")
-        elif denominator == 1:
-            self._val = Fraction(value)
-        elif int(value) == value:
-            self._val = Fraction(int(value), denominator)
-        else:
-            self._val = Fraction(value / denominator)
-
-    @property
-    def numerator(self) -> IntegralLike:
-        return self._numerator
-
-    @property
-    def denominator(self) -> int:
-        return self._denominator
-
-    def limit_rational(self, max_denominator: int) -> tuple[IntegralLike, int]:
-        """
-
-        :param max_denominator: Integer, the maximum denominator value
-        :returns: Tuple of (numerator, denominator)
-        """
-
-        if self.denominator == 0:
-            return self.numerator, self.denominator
-
-        assert isinstance(self._val, Fraction)
-        f = self._val.limit_denominator(max_denominator)
-        return f.numerator, f.denominator
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return str(float(self._val))
-
-    def __hash__(self) -> int:  # type: ignore[override]
-        return self._val.__hash__()
-
-    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
-        val = self._val
-        if isinstance(other, IFDRational):
-            other = other._val
-        if isinstance(other, float):
-            val = float(val)
-        return val == other
-
-    def __getstate__(self) -> list[float | Fraction | IntegralLike]:
-        return [self._val, self._numerator, self._denominator]
-
-    def __setstate__(self, state: list[float | Fraction | IntegralLike]) -> None:
-        IFDRational.__init__(self, 0)
-        _val, _numerator, _denominator = state
-        assert isinstance(_val, (float, Fraction))
-        self._val = _val
-        if TYPE_CHECKING:
-            self._numerator = cast(IntegralLike, _numerator)
-        else:
-            self._numerator = _numerator
-        assert isinstance(_denominator, int)
-        self._denominator = _denominator
-
-    """ a = ['add','radd', 'sub', 'rsub', 'mul', 'rmul',
-             'truediv', 'rtruediv', 'floordiv', 'rfloordiv',
-             'mod','rmod', 'pow','rpow', 'pos', 'neg',
-             'abs', 'trunc', 'lt', 'gt', 'le', 'ge', 'bool',
-             'ceil', 'floor', 'round']
-        print("\n".join("__%s__ = _delegate('__%s__')" % (s,s) for s in a))
-        """
-
-    __add__ = _delegate("__add__")
-    __radd__ = _delegate("__radd__")
-    __sub__ = _delegate("__sub__")
-    __rsub__ = _delegate("__rsub__")
-    __mul__ = _delegate("__mul__")
-    __rmul__ = _delegate("__rmul__")
-    __truediv__ = _delegate("__truediv__")
-    __rtruediv__ = _delegate("__rtruediv__")
-    __floordiv__ = _delegate("__floordiv__")
-    __rfloordiv__ = _delegate("__rfloordiv__")
-    __mod__ = _delegate("__mod__")
-    __rmod__ = _delegate("__rmod__")
-    __pow__ = _delegate("__pow__")
-    __rpow__ = _delegate("__rpow__")
-    __pos__ = _delegate("__pos__")
-    __neg__ = _delegate("__neg__")
-    __abs__ = _delegate("__abs__")
-    __trunc__ = _delegate("__trunc__")
-    __lt__ = _delegate("__lt__")
-    __gt__ = _delegate("__gt__")
-    __le__ = _delegate("__le__")
-    __ge__ = _delegate("__ge__")
-    __bool__ = _delegate("__bool__")
-    __ceil__ = _delegate("__ceil__")
-    __floor__ = _delegate("__floor__")
-    __round__ = _delegate("__round__")
-    # Python >= 3.11
-    if hasattr(Fraction, "__int__"):
-        __int__ = _delegate("__int__")
-
-
-_LoaderFunc = Callable[["ImageFileDirectory_v2", bytes, bool], Any]
-
-
-def _register_loader(idx: int, size: int) -> Callable[[_LoaderFunc], _LoaderFunc]:
-    def decorator(func: _LoaderFunc) -> _LoaderFunc:
-        from .TiffTags import TYPES
-
-        if func.__name__.startswith("load_"):
-            TYPES[idx] = func.__name__[5:].replace("_", " ")
-        _load_dispatch[idx] = size, func  # noqa: F821
-        return func
-
-    return decorator
-
-
-def _register_writer(idx: int) -> Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], Callable[..., Any]]:
-    def decorator(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
-        _write_dispatch[idx] = func  # noqa: F821
-        return func
-
-    return decorator
-
-
-def _register_basic(idx_fmt_name: tuple[int, str, str]) -> None:
-    from .TiffTags import TYPES
-
-    idx, fmt, name = idx_fmt_name
-    TYPES[idx] = name
-    size = struct.calcsize(f"={fmt}")
-
-    def basic_handler(
-        self: ImageFileDirectory_v2, data: bytes, legacy_api: bool = True
-    ) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
-        return self._unpack(f"{len(data) // size}{fmt}", data)
-
-    _load_dispatch[idx] = size, basic_handler  # noqa: F821
-    _write_dispatch[idx] = lambda self, *values: (  # noqa: F821
-        b"".join(self._pack(fmt, value) for value in values)
-    )
-
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    _IFDv2Base = MutableMapping[int, Any]
-else:
-    _IFDv2Base = MutableMapping
-
-
-class ImageFileDirectory_v2(_IFDv2Base):
-    """This class represents a TIFF tag directory.  To speed things up, we
-    don't decode tags unless they're asked for.
-
-    Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::
-
-        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2()
-        ifd[key] = 'Some Data'
-        ifd.tagtype[key] = TiffTags.ASCII
-        print(ifd[key])
-        'Some Data'
-
-    Individual values are returned as the strings or numbers, sequences are
-    returned as tuples of the values.
-
-    The tiff metadata type of each item is stored in a dictionary of
-    tag types in
-    :attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2.tagtype`. The types
-    are read from a tiff file, guessed from the type added, or added
-    manually.
-
-    Data Structures:
-
-        * ``self.tagtype = {}``
-
-          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number
-          * Value: integer corresponding to the data type from
-            :py:data:`.TiffTags.TYPES`
-
-          .. versionadded:: 3.0.0
-
-    'Internal' data structures:
-
-        * ``self._tags_v2 = {}``
-
-          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number
-          * Value: decoded data, as tuple for multiple values
-
-        * ``self._tagdata = {}``
-
-          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number
-          * Value: undecoded byte string from file
-
-        * ``self._tags_v1 = {}``
-
-          * Key: numerical TIFF tag number
-          * Value: decoded data in the v1 format
-
-    Tags will be found in the private attributes ``self._tagdata``, and in
-    ``self._tags_v2`` once decoded.
-
-    ``self.legacy_api`` is a value for internal use, and shouldn't be changed
-    from outside code. In cooperation with
-    :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`, if ``legacy_api``
-    is true, then decoded tags will be populated into both ``_tags_v1`` and
-    ``_tags_v2``. ``_tags_v2`` will be used if this IFD is used in the TIFF
-    save routine. Tags should be read from ``_tags_v1`` if
-    ``legacy_api == true``.
-
-    """
-
-    _load_dispatch: dict[int, tuple[int, _LoaderFunc]] = {}
-    _write_dispatch: dict[int, Callable[..., Any]] = {}
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        ifh: bytes = b"II\x2a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00",
-        prefix: bytes | None = None,
-        group: int | None = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Initialize an ImageFileDirectory.
-
-        To construct an ImageFileDirectory from a real file, pass the 8-byte
-        magic header to the constructor.  To only set the endianness, pass it
-        as the 'prefix' keyword argument.
-
-        :param ifh: One of the accepted magic headers (cf. PREFIXES); also sets
-              endianness.
-        :param prefix: Override the endianness of the file.
-        """
-        if not _accept(ifh):
-            msg = f"not a TIFF file (header {repr(ifh)} not valid)"
-            raise SyntaxError(msg)
-        self._prefix = prefix if prefix is not None else ifh[:2]
-        if self._prefix == MM:
-            self._endian = ">"
-        elif self._prefix == II:
-            self._endian = "<"
-        else:
-            msg = "not a TIFF IFD"
-            raise SyntaxError(msg)
-        self._bigtiff = ifh[2] == 43
-        self.group = group
-        self.tagtype: dict[int, int] = {}
-        """ Dictionary of tag types """
-        self.reset()
-        self.next = (
-            self._unpack("Q", ifh[8:])[0]
-            if self._bigtiff
-            else self._unpack("L", ifh[4:])[0]
-        )
-        self._legacy_api = False
-
-    prefix = property(lambda self: self._prefix)
-    offset = property(lambda self: self._offset)
-
-    @property
-    def legacy_api(self) -> bool:
-        return self._legacy_api
-
-    @legacy_api.setter
-    def legacy_api(self, value: bool) -> NoReturn:
-        msg = "Not allowing setting of legacy api"
-        raise Exception(msg)
-
-    def reset(self) -> None:
-        self._tags_v1: dict[int, Any] = {}  # will remain empty if legacy_api is false
-        self._tags_v2: dict[int, Any] = {}  # main tag storage
-        self._tagdata: dict[int, bytes] = {}
-        self.tagtype = {}  # added 2008-06-05 by Florian Hoech
-        self._next = None
-        self._offset: int | None = None
-
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return str(dict(self))
-
-    def named(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        """
-        :returns: dict of name|key: value
-
-        Returns the complete tag dictionary, with named tags where possible.
-        """
-        return {
-            TiffTags.lookup(code, self.group).name: value
-            for code, value in self.items()
-        }
-
-    def __len__(self) -> int:
-        return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))
-
-    def __getitem__(self, tag: int) -> Any:
-        if tag not in self._tags_v2:  # unpack on the fly
-            data = self._tagdata[tag]
-            typ = self.tagtype[tag]
-            size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
-            self[tag] = handler(self, data, self.legacy_api)  # check type
-        val = self._tags_v2[tag]
-        if self.legacy_api and not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):
-            val = (val,)
-        return val
-
-    def __contains__(self, tag: object) -> bool:
-        return tag in self._tags_v2 or tag in self._tagdata
-
-    def __setitem__(self, tag: int, value: Any) -> None:
-        self._setitem(tag, value, self.legacy_api)
-
-    def _setitem(self, tag: int, value: Any, legacy_api: bool) -> None:
-        basetypes = (Number, bytes, str)
-
-        info = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group)
-        values = [value] if isinstance(value, basetypes) else value
-
-        if tag not in self.tagtype:
-            if info.type:
-                self.tagtype[tag] = info.type
-            else:
-                self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.UNDEFINED
-                if all(isinstance(v, IFDRational) for v in values):
-                    for v in values:
-                        assert isinstance(v, IFDRational)
-                        if v < 0:
-                            self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL
-                            break
-                    else:
-                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.RATIONAL
-                elif all(isinstance(v, int) for v in values):
-                    short = True
-                    signed_short = True
-                    long = True
-                    for v in values:
-                        assert isinstance(v, int)
-                        if short and not (0 <= v < 2**16):
-                            short = False
-                        if signed_short and not (-(2**15) < v < 2**15):
-                            signed_short = False
-                        if long and v < 0:
-                            long = False
-                    if short:
-                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SHORT
-                    elif signed_short:
-                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT
-                    elif long:
-                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.LONG
-                    else:
-                        self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG
-                elif all(isinstance(v, float) for v in values):
-                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.DOUBLE
-                elif all(isinstance(v, str) for v in values):
-                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.ASCII
-                elif all(isinstance(v, bytes) for v in values):
-                    self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.BYTE
-
-        if self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.UNDEFINED:
-            values = [
-                v.encode("ascii", "replace") if isinstance(v, str) else v
-                for v in values
-            ]
-        elif self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.RATIONAL:
-            values = [float(v) if isinstance(v, int) else v for v in values]
-
-        is_ifd = self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(values, dict)
-        if not is_ifd:
-            values = tuple(
-                info.cvt_enum(value) if isinstance(value, str) else value
-                for value in values
-            )
-
-        dest = self._tags_v1 if legacy_api else self._tags_v2
-
-        # Three branches:
-        # Spec'd length == 1, Actual length 1, store as element
-        # Spec'd length == 1, Actual > 1, Warn and truncate. Formerly barfed.
-        # No Spec, Actual length 1, Formerly (<4.2) returned a 1 element tuple.
-        # Don't mess with the legacy api, since it's frozen.
-        if not is_ifd and (
-            (info.length == 1)
-            or self.tagtype[tag] == TiffTags.BYTE
-            or (info.length is None and len(values) == 1 and not legacy_api)
-        ):
-            # Don't mess with the legacy api, since it's frozen.
-            if legacy_api and self.tagtype[tag] in [
-                TiffTags.RATIONAL,
-                TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL,
-            ]:  # rationals
-                values = (values,)
-            try:
-                (dest[tag],) = values
-            except ValueError:
-                # We've got a builtin tag with 1 expected entry
-                warnings.warn(
-                    f"Metadata Warning, tag {tag} had too many entries: "
-                    f"{len(values)}, expected 1"
-                )
-                dest[tag] = values[0]
-
-        else:
-            # Spec'd length > 1 or undefined
-            # Unspec'd, and length > 1
-            dest[tag] = values
-
-    def __delitem__(self, tag: int) -> None:
-        self._tags_v2.pop(tag, None)
-        self._tags_v1.pop(tag, None)
-        self._tagdata.pop(tag, None)
-
-    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[int]:
-        return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))
-
-    def _unpack(self, fmt: str, data: bytes) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
-        return struct.unpack(self._endian + fmt, data)
-
-    def _pack(self, fmt: str, *values: Any) -> bytes:
-        return struct.pack(self._endian + fmt, *values)
-
-    list(
-        map(
-            _register_basic,
-            [
-                (TiffTags.SHORT, "H", "short"),
-                (TiffTags.LONG, "L", "long"),
-                (TiffTags.SIGNED_BYTE, "b", "signed byte"),
-                (TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT, "h", "signed short"),
-                (TiffTags.SIGNED_LONG, "l", "signed long"),
-                (TiffTags.FLOAT, "f", "float"),
-                (TiffTags.DOUBLE, "d", "double"),
-                (TiffTags.IFD, "L", "long"),
-                (TiffTags.LONG8, "Q", "long8"),
-            ],
-        )
-    )
-
-    @_register_loader(1, 1)  # Basic type, except for the legacy API.
-    def load_byte(self, data: bytes, legacy_api: bool = True) -> bytes:
-        return data
-
-    @_register_writer(1)  # Basic type, except for the legacy API.
-    def write_byte(self, data: bytes | int | IFDRational) -> bytes:
-        if isinstance(data, IFDRational):
-            data = int(data)
-        if isinstance(data, int):
-            data = bytes((data,))
-        return data
-
-    @_register_loader(2, 1)
-    def load_string(self, data: bytes, legacy_api: bool = True) -> str:
-        if data.endswith(b"\0"):
-            data = data[:-1]
-        return data.decode("latin-1", "replace")
-
-    @_register_writer(2)
-    def write_string(self, value: str | bytes | int) -> bytes:
-        # remerge of https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/1416
-        if isinstance(value, int):
-            value = str(value)
-        if not isinstance(value, bytes):
-            value = value.encode("ascii", "replace")
-        return value + b"\0"
-
-    @_register_loader(5, 8)
-    def load_rational(
-        self, data: bytes, legacy_api: bool = True
-    ) -> tuple[tuple[int, int] | IFDRational, ...]:
-        vals = self._unpack(f"{len(data) // 4}L", data)
-
-        def combine(a: int, b: int) -> tuple[int, int] | IFDRational:
-            return (a, b) if legacy_api else IFDRational(a, b)
-
-        return tuple(combine(num, denom) for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))
-
-    @_register_writer(5)
-    def write_rational(self, *values: IFDRational) -> bytes:
-        return b"".join(
-            self._pack("2L", *_limit_rational(frac, 2**32 - 1)) for frac in values
-        )
-
-    @_register_loader(7, 1)
-    def load_undefined(self, data: bytes, legacy_api: bool = True) -> bytes:
-        return data
-
-    @_register_writer(7)
-    def write_undefined(self, value: bytes | int | IFDRational) -> bytes:
-        if isinstance(value, IFDRational):
-            value = int(value)
-        if isinstance(value, int):
-            value = str(value).encode("ascii", "replace")
-        return value
-
-    @_register_loader(10, 8)
-    def load_signed_rational(
-        self, data: bytes, legacy_api: bool = True
-    ) -> tuple[tuple[int, int] | IFDRational, ...]:
-        vals = self._unpack(f"{len(data) // 4}l", data)
-
-        def combine(a: int, b: int) -> tuple[int, int] | IFDRational:
-            return (a, b) if legacy_api else IFDRational(a, b)
-
-        return tuple(combine(num, denom) for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))
-
-    @_register_writer(10)
-    def write_signed_rational(self, *values: IFDRational) -> bytes:
-        return b"".join(
-            self._pack("2l", *_limit_signed_rational(frac, 2**31 - 1, -(2**31)))
-            for frac in values
-        )
-
-    def _ensure_read(self, fp: IO[bytes], size: int) -> bytes:
-        ret = fp.read(size)
-        if len(ret) != size:
-            msg = (
-                "Corrupt EXIF data.  "
-                f"Expecting to read {size} bytes but only got {len(ret)}. "
-            )
-            raise OSError(msg)
-        return ret
-
-    def load(self, fp: IO[bytes]) -> None:
-        self.reset()
-        self._offset = fp.tell()
-
-        try:
-            tag_count = (
-                self._unpack("Q", self._ensure_read(fp, 8))
-                if self._bigtiff
-                else self._unpack("H", self._ensure_read(fp, 2))
-            )[0]
-            for i in range(tag_count):
-                tag, typ, count, data = (
-                    self._unpack("HHQ8s", self._ensure_read(fp, 20))
-                    if self._bigtiff
-                    else self._unpack("HHL4s", self._ensure_read(fp, 12))
-                )
-
-                tagname = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group).name
-                typname = TYPES.get(typ, "unknown")
-                msg = f"tag: {tagname} ({tag}) - type: {typname} ({typ})"
-
-                try:
-                    unit_size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
-                except KeyError:
-                    logger.debug("%s - unsupported type %s", msg, typ)
-                    continue  # ignore unsupported type
-                size = count * unit_size
-                if size > (8 if self._bigtiff else 4):
-                    here = fp.tell()
-                    (offset,) = self._unpack("Q" if self._bigtiff else "L", data)
-                    msg += f" Tag Location: {here} - Data Location: {offset}"
-                    fp.seek(offset)
-                    data = ImageFile._safe_read(fp, size)
-                    fp.seek(here)
-                else:
-                    data = data[:size]
-
-                if len(data) != size:
-                    warnings.warn(
-                        "Possibly corrupt EXIF data.  "
-                        f"Expecting to read {size} bytes but only got {len(data)}."
-                        f" Skipping tag {tag}"
-                    )
-                    logger.debug(msg)
-                    continue
-
-                if not data:
-                    logger.debug(msg)
-                    continue
-
-                self._tagdata[tag] = data
-                self.tagtype[tag] = typ
-
-                msg += " - value: "
-                msg += f"<table: {size} bytes>" if size > 32 else repr(data)
-
-                logger.debug(msg)
-
-            (self.next,) = (
-                self._unpack("Q", self._ensure_read(fp, 8))
-                if self._bigtiff
-                else self._unpack("L", self._ensure_read(fp, 4))
-            )
-        except OSError as msg:
-            warnings.warn(str(msg))
-            return
-
-    def _get_ifh(self) -> bytes:
-        ifh = self._prefix + self._pack("H", 43 if self._bigtiff else 42)
-        if self._bigtiff:
-            ifh += self._pack("HH", 8, 0)
-        ifh += self._pack("Q", 16) if self._bigtiff else self._pack("L", 8)
-
-        return ifh
-
-    def tobytes(self, offset: int = 0) -> bytes:
-        # FIXME What about tagdata?
-        result = self._pack("Q" if self._bigtiff else "H", len(self._tags_v2))
-
-        entries: list[tuple[int, int, int, bytes, bytes]] = []
-
-        fmt = "Q" if self._bigtiff else "L"
-        fmt_size = 8 if self._bigtiff else 4
-        offset += (
-            len(result) + len(self._tags_v2) * (20 if self._bigtiff else 12) + fmt_size
-        )
-        stripoffsets = None
-
-        # pass 1: convert tags to binary format
-        # always write tags in ascending order
-        for tag, value in sorted(self._tags_v2.items()):
-            if tag == STRIPOFFSETS:
-                stripoffsets = len(entries)
-            typ = self.tagtype[tag]
-            logger.debug("Tag %s, Type: %s, Value: %s", tag, typ, repr(value))
-            is_ifd = typ == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(value, dict)
-            if is_ifd:
-                ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(self._get_ifh(), group=tag)
-                values = self._tags_v2[tag]
-                for ifd_tag, ifd_value in values.items():
-                    ifd[ifd_tag] = ifd_value
-                data = ifd.tobytes(offset)
-            else:
-                values = value if isinstance(value, tuple) else (value,)
-                data = self._write_dispatch[typ](self, *values)
-
-            tagname = TiffTags.lookup(tag, self.group).name
-            typname = "ifd" if is_ifd else TYPES.get(typ, "unknown")
-            msg = f"save: {tagname} ({tag}) - type: {typname} ({typ}) - value: "
-            msg += f"<table: {len(data)} bytes>" if len(data) >= 16 else str(values)
-            logger.debug(msg)
-
-            # count is sum of lengths for string and arbitrary data
-            if is_ifd:
-                count = 1
-            elif typ in [TiffTags.BYTE, TiffTags.ASCII, TiffTags.UNDEFINED]:
-                count = len(data)
-            else:
-                count = len(values)
-            # figure out if data fits into the entry
-            if len(data) <= fmt_size:
-                entries.append((tag, typ, count, data.ljust(fmt_size, b"\0"), b""))
-            else:
-                entries.append((tag, typ, count, self._pack(fmt, offset), data))
-                offset += (len(data) + 1) // 2 * 2  # pad to word
-
-        # update strip offset data to point beyond auxiliary data
-        if stripoffsets is not None:
-            tag, typ, count, value, data = entries[stripoffsets]
-            if data:
-                size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
-                values = [val + offset for val in handler(self, data, self.legacy_api)]
-                data = self._write_dispatch[typ](self, *values)
-            else:
-                value = self._pack(fmt, self._unpack(fmt, value)[0] + offset)
-            entries[stripoffsets] = tag, typ, count, value, data
-
-        # pass 2: write entries to file
-        for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:
-            logger.debug("%s %s %s %s %s", tag, typ, count, repr(value), repr(data))
-            result += self._pack(
-                "HHQ8s" if self._bigtiff else "HHL4s", tag, typ, count, value
-            )
-
-        # -- overwrite here for multi-page --
-        result += self._pack(fmt, 0)  # end of entries
-
-        # pass 3: write auxiliary data to file
-        for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:
-            result += data
-            if len(data) & 1:
-                result += b"\0"
-
-        return result
-
-    def save(self, fp: IO[bytes]) -> int:
-        if fp.tell() == 0:  # skip TIFF header on subsequent pages
-            fp.write(self._get_ifh())
-
-        offset = fp.tell()
-        result = self.tobytes(offset)
-        fp.write(result)
-        return offset + len(result)
-
-
-ImageFileDirectory_v2._load_dispatch = _load_dispatch
-ImageFileDirectory_v2._write_dispatch = _write_dispatch
-for idx, name in TYPES.items():
-    name = name.replace(" ", "_")
-    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, f"load_{name}", _load_dispatch[idx][1])
-    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, f"write_{name}", _write_dispatch[idx])
-del _load_dispatch, _write_dispatch, idx, name
-
-
-# Legacy ImageFileDirectory support.
-class ImageFileDirectory_v1(ImageFileDirectory_v2):
-    """This class represents the **legacy** interface to a TIFF tag directory.
-
-    Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::
-
-        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1()
-        ifd[key] = 'Some Data'
-        ifd.tagtype[key] = TiffTags.ASCII
-        print(ifd[key])
-        ('Some Data',)
-
-    Also contains a dictionary of tag types as read from the tiff image file,
-    :attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1.tagtype`.
-
-    Values are returned as a tuple.
-
-    ..  deprecated:: 3.0.0
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self._legacy_api = True
-
-    tags = property(lambda self: self._tags_v1)
-    tagdata = property(lambda self: self._tagdata)
-
-    # defined in ImageFileDirectory_v2
-    tagtype: dict[int, int]
-    """Dictionary of tag types"""
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_v2(cls, original: ImageFileDirectory_v2) -> ImageFileDirectory_v1:
-        """Returns an
-        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`
-        instance with the same data as is contained in the original
-        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`
-        instance.
-
-        :returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`
-
-        """
-
-        ifd = cls(prefix=original.prefix)
-        ifd._tagdata = original._tagdata
-        ifd.tagtype = original.tagtype
-        ifd.next = original.next  # an indicator for multipage tiffs
-        return ifd
-
-    def to_v2(self) -> ImageFileDirectory_v2:
-        """Returns an
-        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`
-        instance with the same data as is contained in the original
-        :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`
-        instance.
-
-        :returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`
-
-        """
-
-        ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=self.prefix)
-        ifd._tagdata = dict(self._tagdata)
-        ifd.tagtype = dict(self.tagtype)
-        ifd._tags_v2 = dict(self._tags_v2)
-        return ifd
-
-    def __contains__(self, tag: object) -> bool:
-        return tag in self._tags_v1 or tag in self._tagdata
-
-    def __len__(self) -> int:
-        return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))
-
-    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[int]:
-        return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))
-
-    def __setitem__(self, tag: int, value: Any) -> None:
-        for legacy_api in (False, True):
-            self._setitem(tag, value, legacy_api)
-
-    def __getitem__(self, tag: int) -> Any:
-        if tag not in self._tags_v1:  # unpack on the fly
-            data = self._tagdata[tag]
-            typ = self.tagtype[tag]
-            size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
-            for legacy in (False, True):
-                self._setitem(tag, handler(self, data, legacy), legacy)
-        val = self._tags_v1[tag]
-        if not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):
-            val = (val,)
-        return val
-
-
-# undone -- switch this pointer
-ImageFileDirectory = ImageFileDirectory_v1
-
-
-##
-# Image plugin for TIFF files.
-
-
-class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
-    format = "TIFF"
-    format_description = "Adobe TIFF"
-    _close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        fp: StrOrBytesPath | IO[bytes],
-        filename: str | bytes | None = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        self.tag_v2: ImageFileDirectory_v2
-        """ Image file directory (tag dictionary) """
-
-        self.tag: ImageFileDirectory_v1
-        """ Legacy tag entries """
-
-        super().__init__(fp, filename)
-
-    def _open(self) -> None:
-        """Open the first image in a TIFF file"""
-
-        # Header
-        assert self.fp is not None
-        ifh = self.fp.read(8)
-        if ifh[2] == 43:
-            ifh += self.fp.read(8)
-
-        self.tag_v2 = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh)
-
-        # setup frame pointers
-        self.__first = self.__next = self.tag_v2.next
-        self.__frame = -1
-        self._fp = self.fp
-        self._frame_pos: list[int] = []
-        self._n_frames: int | None = None
-
-        logger.debug("*** TiffImageFile._open ***")
-        logger.debug("- __first: %s", self.__first)
-        logger.debug("- ifh: %s", repr(ifh))  # Use repr to avoid str(bytes)
-
-        # and load the first frame
-        self._seek(0)
-
-    @property
-    def n_frames(self) -> int:
-        current_n_frames = self._n_frames
-        if current_n_frames is None:
-            current = self.tell()
-            self._seek(len(self._frame_pos))
-            while self._n_frames is None:
-                self._seek(self.tell() + 1)
-            self.seek(current)
-        assert self._n_frames is not None
-        return self._n_frames
-
-    def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
-        """Select a given frame as current image"""
-        if not self._seek_check(frame):
-            return
-        self._seek(frame)
-        if self._im is not None and (
-            self.im.size != self._tile_size
-            or self.im.mode != self.mode
-            or self.readonly
-        ):
-            self._im = None
-
-    def _seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
-        if isinstance(self._fp, DeferredError):
-            raise self._fp.ex
-        self.fp = self._fp
-
-        while len(self._frame_pos) <= frame:
-            if not self.__next:
-                msg = "no more images in TIFF file"
-                raise EOFError(msg)
-            logger.debug(
-                "Seeking to frame %s, on frame %s, __next %s, location: %s",
-                frame,
-                self.__frame,
-                self.__next,
-                self.fp.tell(),
-            )
-            if self.__next >= 2**63:
-                msg = "Unable to seek to frame"
-                raise ValueError(msg)
-            self.fp.seek(self.__next)
-            self._frame_pos.append(self.__next)
-            logger.debug("Loading tags, location: %s", self.fp.tell())
-            self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)
-            if self.tag_v2.next in self._frame_pos:
-                # This IFD has already been processed
-                # Declare this to be the end of the image
-                self.__next = 0
-            else:
-                self.__next = self.tag_v2.next
-            if self.__next == 0:
-                self._n_frames = frame + 1
-            if len(self._frame_pos) == 1:
-                self.is_animated = self.__next != 0
-            self.__frame += 1
-        self.fp.seek(self._frame_pos[frame])
-        self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)
-        if XMP in self.tag_v2:
-            xmp = self.tag_v2[XMP]
-            if isinstance(xmp, tuple) and len(xmp) == 1:
-                xmp = xmp[0]
-            self.info["xmp"] = xmp
-        elif "xmp" in self.info:
-            del self.info["xmp"]
-        self._reload_exif()
-        # fill the legacy tag/ifd entries
-        self.tag = self.ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1.from_v2(self.tag_v2)
-        self.__frame = frame
-        self._setup()
-
-    def tell(self) -> int:
-        """Return the current frame number"""
-        return self.__frame
-
-    def get_photoshop_blocks(self) -> dict[int, dict[str, bytes]]:
-        """
-        Returns a dictionary of Photoshop "Image Resource Blocks".
-        The keys are the image resource ID. For more information, see
-        https://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/#50577409_pgfId-1037727
-
-        :returns: Photoshop "Image Resource Blocks" in a dictionary.
-        """
-        blocks = {}
-        val = self.tag_v2.get(ExifTags.Base.ImageResources)
-        if val:
-            while val.startswith(b"8BIM"):
-                id = i16(val[4:6])
-                n = math.ceil((val[6] + 1) / 2) * 2
-                size = i32(val[6 + n : 10 + n])
-                data = val[10 + n : 10 + n + size]
-                blocks[id] = {"data": data}
-
-                val = val[math.ceil((10 + n + size) / 2) * 2 :]
-        return blocks
-
-    def load(self) -> Image.core.PixelAccess | None:
-        if self.tile and self.use_load_libtiff:
-            return self._load_libtiff()
-        return super().load()
-
-    def load_prepare(self) -> None:
-        if self._im is None:
-            Image._decompression_bomb_check(self._tile_size)
-            self.im = Image.core.new(self.mode, self._tile_size)
-        ImageFile.ImageFile.load_prepare(self)
-
-    def load_end(self) -> None:
-        # allow closing if we're on the first frame, there's no next
-        # This is the ImageFile.load path only, libtiff specific below.
-        if not self.is_animated:
-            self._close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = True
-
-            # load IFD data from fp before it is closed
-            exif = self.getexif()
-            for key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:
-                if key not in exif:
-                    continue
-                exif.get_ifd(key)
-
-        ImageOps.exif_transpose(self, in_place=True)
-        if ExifTags.Base.Orientation in self.tag_v2:
-            del self.tag_v2[ExifTags.Base.Orientation]
-
-    def _load_libtiff(self) -> Image.core.PixelAccess | None:
-        """Overload method triggered when we detect a compressed tiff
-        Calls out to libtiff"""
-
-        Image.Image.load(self)
-
-        self.load_prepare()
-
-        if not len(self.tile) == 1:
-            msg = "Not exactly one tile"
-            raise OSError(msg)
-
-        # (self._compression, (extents tuple),
-        #   0, (rawmode, self._compression, fp))
-        extents = self.tile[0][1]
-        args = self.tile[0][3]
-
-        # To be nice on memory footprint, if there's a
-        # file descriptor, use that instead of reading
-        # into a string in python.
-        assert self.fp is not None
-        try:
-            fp = hasattr(self.fp, "fileno") and self.fp.fileno()
-            # flush the file descriptor, prevents error on pypy 2.4+
-            # should also eliminate the need for fp.tell
-            # in _seek
-            if hasattr(self.fp, "flush"):
-                self.fp.flush()
-        except OSError:
-            # io.BytesIO have a fileno, but returns an OSError if
-            # it doesn't use a file descriptor.
-            fp = False
-
-        if fp:
-            assert isinstance(args, tuple)
-            args_list = list(args)
-            args_list[2] = fp
-            args = tuple(args_list)
-
-        decoder = Image._getdecoder(self.mode, "libtiff", args, self.decoderconfig)
-        try:
-            decoder.setimage(self.im, extents)
-        except ValueError as e:
-            msg = "Couldn't set the image"
-            raise OSError(msg) from e
-
-        close_self_fp = self._exclusive_fp and not self.is_animated
-        if hasattr(self.fp, "getvalue"):
-            # We've got a stringio like thing passed in. Yay for all in memory.
-            # The decoder needs the entire file in one shot, so there's not
-            # a lot we can do here other than give it the entire file.
-            # unless we could do something like get the address of the
-            # underlying string for stringio.
-            #
-            # Rearranging for supporting byteio items, since they have a fileno
-            # that returns an OSError if there's no underlying fp. Easier to
-            # deal with here by reordering.
-            logger.debug("have getvalue. just sending in a string from getvalue")
-            n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.getvalue())
-        elif fp:
-            # we've got a actual file on disk, pass in the fp.
-            logger.debug("have fileno, calling fileno version of the decoder.")
-            if not close_self_fp:
-                self.fp.seek(0)
-            # Save and restore the file position, because libtiff will move it
-            # outside of the Python runtime, and that will confuse
-            # io.BufferedReader and possible others.
-            # NOTE: This must use os.lseek(), and not fp.tell()/fp.seek(),
-            # because the buffer read head already may not equal the actual
-            # file position, and fp.seek() may just adjust it's internal
-            # pointer and not actually seek the OS file handle.
-            pos = os.lseek(fp, 0, os.SEEK_CUR)
-            # 4 bytes, otherwise the trace might error out
-            n, err = decoder.decode(b"fpfp")
-            os.lseek(fp, pos, os.SEEK_SET)
-        else:
-            # we have something else.
-            logger.debug("don't have fileno or getvalue. just reading")
-            self.fp.seek(0)
-            # UNDONE -- so much for that buffer size thing.
-            n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.read())
-
-        self.tile = []
-        self.readonly = 0
-
-        self.load_end()
-
-        if close_self_fp:
-            self.fp.close()
-            self.fp = None  # might be shared
-
-        if err < 0:
-            msg = f"decoder error {err}"
-            raise OSError(msg)
-
-        return Image.Image.load(self)
-
-    def _setup(self) -> None:
-        """Setup this image object based on current tags"""
-
-        if 0xBC01 in self.tag_v2:
-            msg = "Windows Media Photo files not yet supported"
-            raise OSError(msg)
-
-        # extract relevant tags
-        self._compression = COMPRESSION_INFO[self.tag_v2.get(COMPRESSION, 1)]
-        self._planar_configuration = self.tag_v2.get(PLANAR_CONFIGURATION, 1)
-
-        # photometric is a required tag, but not everyone is reading
-        # the specification
-        photo = self.tag_v2.get(PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION, 0)
-
-        # old style jpeg compression images most certainly are YCbCr
-        if self._compression == "tiff_jpeg":
-            photo = 6
-
-        fillorder = self.tag_v2.get(FILLORDER, 1)
-
-        logger.debug("*** Summary ***")
-        logger.debug("- compression: %s", self._compression)
-        logger.debug("- photometric_interpretation: %s", photo)
-        logger.debug("- planar_configuration: %s", self._planar_configuration)
-        logger.debug("- fill_order: %s", fillorder)
-        logger.debug("- YCbCr subsampling: %s", self.tag_v2.get(YCBCRSUBSAMPLING))
-
-        # size
-        try:
-            xsize = self.tag_v2[IMAGEWIDTH]
-            ysize = self.tag_v2[IMAGELENGTH]
-        except KeyError as e:
-            msg = "Missing dimensions"
-            raise TypeError(msg) from e
-        if not isinstance(xsize, int) or not isinstance(ysize, int):
-            msg = "Invalid dimensions"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-        self._tile_size = xsize, ysize
-        orientation = self.tag_v2.get(ExifTags.Base.Orientation)
-        if orientation in (5, 6, 7, 8):
-            self._size = ysize, xsize
-        else:
-            self._size = xsize, ysize
-
-        logger.debug("- size: %s", self.size)
-
-        sample_format = self.tag_v2.get(SAMPLEFORMAT, (1,))
-        if len(sample_format) > 1 and max(sample_format) == min(sample_format) == 1:
-            # SAMPLEFORMAT is properly per band, so an RGB image will
-            # be (1,1,1).  But, we don't support per band pixel types,
-            # and anything more than one band is a uint8. So, just
-            # take the first element. Revisit this if adding support
-            # for more exotic images.
-            sample_format = (1,)
-
-        bps_tuple = self.tag_v2.get(BITSPERSAMPLE, (1,))
-        extra_tuple = self.tag_v2.get(EXTRASAMPLES, ())
-        if photo in (2, 6, 8):  # RGB, YCbCr, LAB
-            bps_count = 3
-        elif photo == 5:  # CMYK
-            bps_count = 4
-        else:
-            bps_count = 1
-        bps_count += len(extra_tuple)
-        bps_actual_count = len(bps_tuple)
-        samples_per_pixel = self.tag_v2.get(
-            SAMPLESPERPIXEL,
-            3 if self._compression == "tiff_jpeg" and photo in (2, 6) else 1,
-        )
-
-        if samples_per_pixel > MAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL:
-            # DOS check, samples_per_pixel can be a Long, and we extend the tuple below
-            logger.error(
-                "More samples per pixel than can be decoded: %s", samples_per_pixel
-            )
-            msg = "Invalid value for samples per pixel"
-            raise SyntaxError(msg)
-
-        if samples_per_pixel < bps_actual_count:
-            # If a file has more values in bps_tuple than expected,
-            # remove the excess.
-            bps_tuple = bps_tuple[:samples_per_pixel]
-        elif samples_per_pixel > bps_actual_count and bps_actual_count == 1:
-            # If a file has only one value in bps_tuple, when it should have more,
-            # presume it is the same number of bits for all of the samples.
-            bps_tuple = bps_tuple * samples_per_pixel
-
-        if len(bps_tuple) != samples_per_pixel:
-            msg = "unknown data organization"
-            raise SyntaxError(msg)
-
-        # mode: check photometric interpretation and bits per pixel
-        key = (
-            self.tag_v2.prefix,
-            photo,
-            sample_format,
-            fillorder,
-            bps_tuple,
-            extra_tuple,
-        )
-        logger.debug("format key: %s", key)
-        try:
-            self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]
-        except KeyError as e:
-            logger.debug("- unsupported format")
-            msg = "unknown pixel mode"
-            raise SyntaxError(msg) from e
-
-        logger.debug("- raw mode: %s", rawmode)
-        logger.debug("- pil mode: %s", self.mode)
-
-        self.info["compression"] = self._compression
-
-        xres = self.tag_v2.get(X_RESOLUTION, 1)
-        yres = self.tag_v2.get(Y_RESOLUTION, 1)
-
-        if xres and yres:
-            resunit = self.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT)
-            if resunit == 2:  # dots per inch
-                self.info["dpi"] = (xres, yres)
-            elif resunit == 3:  # dots per centimeter. convert to dpi
-                self.info["dpi"] = (xres * 2.54, yres * 2.54)
-            elif resunit is None:  # used to default to 1, but now 2)
-                self.info["dpi"] = (xres, yres)
-                # For backward compatibility,
-                # we also preserve the old behavior
-                self.info["resolution"] = xres, yres
-            else:  # No absolute unit of measurement
-                self.info["resolution"] = xres, yres
-
-        # build tile descriptors
-        x = y = layer = 0
-        self.tile = []
-        self.use_load_libtiff = READ_LIBTIFF or self._compression != "raw"
-        if self.use_load_libtiff:
-            # Decoder expects entire file as one tile.
-            # There's a buffer size limit in load (64k)
-            # so large g4 images will fail if we use that
-            # function.
-            #
-            # Setup the one tile for the whole image, then
-            # use the _load_libtiff function.
-
-            # libtiff handles the fillmode for us, so 1;IR should
-            # actually be 1;I. Including the R double reverses the
-            # bits, so stripes of the image are reversed.  See
-            # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/279
-            if fillorder == 2:
-                # Replace fillorder with fillorder=1
-                key = key[:3] + (1,) + key[4:]
-                logger.debug("format key: %s", key)
-                # this should always work, since all the
-                # fillorder==2 modes have a corresponding
-                # fillorder=1 mode
-                self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]
-            # YCbCr images with new jpeg compression with pixels in one plane
-            # unpacked straight into RGB values
-            if (
-                photo == 6
-                and self._compression == "jpeg"
-                and self._planar_configuration == 1
-            ):
-                rawmode = "RGB"
-            # libtiff always returns the bytes in native order.
-            # we're expecting image byte order. So, if the rawmode
-            # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image
-            # byte order.
-            elif rawmode == "I;16":
-                rawmode = "I;16N"
-            elif rawmode.endswith((";16B", ";16L")):
-                rawmode = rawmode[:-1] + "N"
-
-            # Offset in the tile tuple is 0, we go from 0,0 to
-            # w,h, and we only do this once -- eds
-            a = (rawmode, self._compression, False, self.tag_v2.offset)
-            self.tile.append(ImageFile._Tile("libtiff", (0, 0, xsize, ysize), 0, a))
-
-        elif STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2 or TILEOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:
-            # striped image
-            if STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:
-                offsets = self.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]
-                h = self.tag_v2.get(ROWSPERSTRIP, ysize)
-                w = xsize
-            else:
-                # tiled image
-                offsets = self.tag_v2[TILEOFFSETS]
-                tilewidth = self.tag_v2.get(TILEWIDTH)
-                h = self.tag_v2.get(TILELENGTH)
-                if not isinstance(tilewidth, int) or not isinstance(h, int):
-                    msg = "Invalid tile dimensions"
-                    raise ValueError(msg)
-                w = tilewidth
-
-            if w == xsize and h == ysize and self._planar_configuration != 2:
-                # Every tile covers the image. Only use the last offset
-                offsets = offsets[-1:]
-
-            for offset in offsets:
-                if x + w > xsize:
-                    stride = w * sum(bps_tuple) / 8  # bytes per line
-                else:
-                    stride = 0
-
-                tile_rawmode = rawmode
-                if self._planar_configuration == 2:
-                    # each band on it's own layer
-                    tile_rawmode = rawmode[layer]
-                    # adjust stride width accordingly
-                    stride /= bps_count
-
-                args = (tile_rawmode, int(stride), 1)
-                self.tile.append(
-                    ImageFile._Tile(
-                        self._compression,
-                        (x, y, min(x + w, xsize), min(y + h, ysize)),
-                        offset,
-                        args,
-                    )
-                )
-                x += w
-                if x >= xsize:
-                    x, y = 0, y + h
-                    if y >= ysize:
-                        y = 0
-                        layer += 1
-        else:
-            logger.debug("- unsupported data organization")
-            msg = "unknown data organization"
-            raise SyntaxError(msg)
-
-        # Fix up info.
-        if ICCPROFILE in self.tag_v2:
-            self.info["icc_profile"] = self.tag_v2[ICCPROFILE]
-
-        # fixup palette descriptor
-
-        if self.mode in ["P", "PA"]:
-            palette = [o8(b // 256) for b in self.tag_v2[COLORMAP]]
-            self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB;L", b"".join(palette))
-
-
-#
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Write TIFF files
-
-# little endian is default except for image modes with
-# explicit big endian byte-order
-
-SAVE_INFO = {
-    # mode => rawmode, byteorder, photometrics,
-    #           sampleformat, bitspersample, extra
-    "1": ("1", II, 1, 1, (1,), None),
-    "L": ("L", II, 1, 1, (8,), None),
-    "LA": ("LA", II, 1, 1, (8, 8), 2),
-    "P": ("P", II, 3, 1, (8,), None),
-    "PA": ("PA", II, 3, 1, (8, 8), 2),
-    "I": ("I;32S", II, 1, 2, (32,), None),
-    "I;16": ("I;16", II, 1, 1, (16,), None),
-    "I;16L": ("I;16L", II, 1, 1, (16,), None),
-    "F": ("F;32F", II, 1, 3, (32,), None),
-    "RGB": ("RGB", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),
-    "RGBX": ("RGBX", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 0),
-    "RGBA": ("RGBA", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 2),
-    "CMYK": ("CMYK", II, 5, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), None),
-    "YCbCr": ("YCbCr", II, 6, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),
-    "LAB": ("LAB", II, 8, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),
-    "I;16B": ("I;16B", MM, 1, 1, (16,), None),
-}
-
-
-def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
-    try:
-        rawmode, prefix, photo, format, bits, extra = SAVE_INFO[im.mode]
-    except KeyError as e:
-        msg = f"cannot write mode {im.mode} as TIFF"
-        raise OSError(msg) from e
-
-    encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo
-    encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig
-
-    ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=prefix)
-    if encoderinfo.get("big_tiff"):
-        ifd._bigtiff = True
-
-    try:
-        compression = encoderinfo["compression"]
-    except KeyError:
-        compression = im.info.get("compression")
-        if isinstance(compression, int):
-            # compression value may be from BMP. Ignore it
-            compression = None
-    if compression is None:
-        compression = "raw"
-    elif compression == "tiff_jpeg":
-        # OJPEG is obsolete, so use new-style JPEG compression instead
-        compression = "jpeg"
-    elif compression == "tiff_deflate":
-        compression = "tiff_adobe_deflate"
-
-    libtiff = WRITE_LIBTIFF or compression != "raw"
-
-    # required for color libtiff images
-    ifd[PLANAR_CONFIGURATION] = 1
-
-    ifd[IMAGEWIDTH] = im.size[0]
-    ifd[IMAGELENGTH] = im.size[1]
-
-    # write any arbitrary tags passed in as an ImageFileDirectory
-    if "tiffinfo" in encoderinfo:
-        info = encoderinfo["tiffinfo"]
-    elif "exif" in encoderinfo:
-        info = encoderinfo["exif"]
-        if isinstance(info, bytes):
-            exif = Image.Exif()
-            exif.load(info)
-            info = exif
-    else:
-        info = {}
-    logger.debug("Tiffinfo Keys: %s", list(info))
-    if isinstance(info, ImageFileDirectory_v1):
-        info = info.to_v2()
-    for key in info:
-        if isinstance(info, Image.Exif) and key in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:
-            ifd[key] = info.get_ifd(key)
-        else:
-            ifd[key] = info.get(key)
-        try:
-            ifd.tagtype[key] = info.tagtype[key]
-        except Exception:
-            pass  # might not be an IFD. Might not have populated type
-
-    legacy_ifd = {}
-    if hasattr(im, "tag"):
-        legacy_ifd = im.tag.to_v2()
-
-    supplied_tags = {**legacy_ifd, **getattr(im, "tag_v2", {})}
-    for tag in (
-        # IFD offset that may not be correct in the saved image
-        EXIFIFD,
-        # Determined by the image format and should not be copied from legacy_ifd.
-        SAMPLEFORMAT,
-    ):
-        if tag in supplied_tags:
-            del supplied_tags[tag]
-
-    # additions written by Greg Couch, gregc@cgl.ucsf.edu
-    # inspired by image-sig posting from Kevin Cazabon, kcazabon@home.com
-    if hasattr(im, "tag_v2"):
-        # preserve tags from original TIFF image file
-        for key in (
-            RESOLUTION_UNIT,
-            X_RESOLUTION,
-            Y_RESOLUTION,
-            IPTC_NAA_CHUNK,
-            PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK,
-            XMP,
-        ):
-            if key in im.tag_v2:
-                if key == IPTC_NAA_CHUNK and im.tag_v2.tagtype[key] not in (
-                    TiffTags.BYTE,
-                    TiffTags.UNDEFINED,
-                ):
-                    del supplied_tags[key]
-                else:
-                    ifd[key] = im.tag_v2[key]
-                    ifd.tagtype[key] = im.tag_v2.tagtype[key]
-
-    # preserve ICC profile (should also work when saving other formats
-    # which support profiles as TIFF) -- 2008-06-06 Florian Hoech
-    icc = encoderinfo.get("icc_profile", im.info.get("icc_profile"))
-    if icc:
-        ifd[ICCPROFILE] = icc
-
-    for key, name in [
-        (IMAGEDESCRIPTION, "description"),
-        (X_RESOLUTION, "resolution"),
-        (Y_RESOLUTION, "resolution"),
-        (X_RESOLUTION, "x_resolution"),
-        (Y_RESOLUTION, "y_resolution"),
-        (RESOLUTION_UNIT, "resolution_unit"),
-        (SOFTWARE, "software"),
-        (DATE_TIME, "date_time"),
-        (ARTIST, "artist"),
-        (COPYRIGHT, "copyright"),
-    ]:
-        if name in encoderinfo:
-            ifd[key] = encoderinfo[name]
-
-    dpi = encoderinfo.get("dpi")
-    if dpi:
-        ifd[RESOLUTION_UNIT] = 2
-        ifd[X_RESOLUTION] = dpi[0]
-        ifd[Y_RESOLUTION] = dpi[1]
-
-    if bits != (1,):
-        ifd[BITSPERSAMPLE] = bits
-        if len(bits) != 1:
-            ifd[SAMPLESPERPIXEL] = len(bits)
-    if extra is not None:
-        ifd[EXTRASAMPLES] = extra
-    if format != 1:
-        ifd[SAMPLEFORMAT] = format
-
-    if PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION not in ifd:
-        ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] = photo
-    elif im.mode in ("1", "L") and ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] == 0:
-        if im.mode == "1":
-            inverted_im = im.copy()
-            px = inverted_im.load()
-            if px is not None:
-                for y in range(inverted_im.height):
-                    for x in range(inverted_im.width):
-                        px[x, y] = 0 if px[x, y] == 255 else 255
-                im = inverted_im
-        else:
-            im = ImageOps.invert(im)
-
-    if im.mode in ["P", "PA"]:
-        lut = im.im.getpalette("RGB", "RGB;L")
-        colormap = []
-        colors = len(lut) // 3
-        for i in range(3):
-            colormap += [v * 256 for v in lut[colors * i : colors * (i + 1)]]
-            colormap += [0] * (256 - colors)
-        ifd[COLORMAP] = colormap
-    # data orientation
-    w, h = ifd[IMAGEWIDTH], ifd[IMAGELENGTH]
-    stride = len(bits) * ((w * bits[0] + 7) // 8)
-    if ROWSPERSTRIP not in ifd:
-        # aim for given strip size (64 KB by default) when using libtiff writer
-        if libtiff:
-            im_strip_size = encoderinfo.get("strip_size", STRIP_SIZE)
-            rows_per_strip = 1 if stride == 0 else min(im_strip_size // stride, h)
-            # JPEG encoder expects multiple of 8 rows
-            if compression == "jpeg":
-                rows_per_strip = min(((rows_per_strip + 7) // 8) * 8, h)
-        else:
-            rows_per_strip = h
-        if rows_per_strip == 0:
-            rows_per_strip = 1
-        ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = rows_per_strip
-    strip_byte_counts = 1 if stride == 0 else stride * ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP]
-    strips_per_image = (h + ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] - 1) // ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP]
-    if strip_byte_counts >= 2**16:
-        ifd.tagtype[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.LONG
-    ifd[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = (strip_byte_counts,) * (strips_per_image - 1) + (
-        stride * h - strip_byte_counts * (strips_per_image - 1),
-    )
-    ifd[STRIPOFFSETS] = tuple(
-        range(0, strip_byte_counts * strips_per_image, strip_byte_counts)
-    )  # this is adjusted by IFD writer
-    # no compression by default:
-    ifd[COMPRESSION] = COMPRESSION_INFO_REV.get(compression, 1)
-
-    if im.mode == "YCbCr":
-        for tag, default_value in {
-            YCBCRSUBSAMPLING: (1, 1),
-            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE: (0, 255, 128, 255, 128, 255),
-        }.items():
-            ifd.setdefault(tag, default_value)
-
-    blocklist = [TILEWIDTH, TILELENGTH, TILEOFFSETS, TILEBYTECOUNTS]
-    if libtiff:
-        if "quality" in encoderinfo:
-            quality = encoderinfo["quality"]
-            if not isinstance(quality, int) or quality < 0 or quality > 100:
-                msg = "Invalid quality setting"
-                raise ValueError(msg)
-            if compression != "jpeg":
-                msg = "quality setting only supported for 'jpeg' compression"
-                raise ValueError(msg)
-            ifd[JPEGQUALITY] = quality
-
-        logger.debug("Saving using libtiff encoder")
-        logger.debug("Items: %s", sorted(ifd.items()))
-        _fp = 0
-        if hasattr(fp, "fileno"):
-            try:
-                fp.seek(0)
-                _fp = fp.fileno()
-            except io.UnsupportedOperation:
-                pass
-
-        # optional types for non core tags
-        types = {}
-        # STRIPOFFSETS and STRIPBYTECOUNTS are added by the library
-        # based on the data in the strip.
-        # OSUBFILETYPE is deprecated.
-        # The other tags expect arrays with a certain length (fixed or depending on
-        # BITSPERSAMPLE, etc), passing arrays with a different length will result in
-        # segfaults. Block these tags until we add extra validation.
-        # SUBIFD may also cause a segfault.
-        blocklist += [
-            OSUBFILETYPE,
-            REFERENCEBLACKWHITE,
-            STRIPBYTECOUNTS,
-            STRIPOFFSETS,
-            TRANSFERFUNCTION,
-            SUBIFD,
-        ]
-
-        # bits per sample is a single short in the tiff directory, not a list.
-        atts: dict[int, Any] = {BITSPERSAMPLE: bits[0]}
-        # Merge the ones that we have with (optional) more bits from
-        # the original file, e.g x,y resolution so that we can
-        # save(load('')) == original file.
-        for tag, value in itertools.chain(ifd.items(), supplied_tags.items()):
-            # Libtiff can only process certain core items without adding
-            # them to the custom dictionary.
-            # Custom items are supported for int, float, unicode, string and byte
-            # values. Other types and tuples require a tagtype.
-            if tag not in TiffTags.LIBTIFF_CORE:
-                if tag in TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS:
-                    types[tag] = TiffTags.LONG8
-                elif tag in ifd.tagtype:
-                    types[tag] = ifd.tagtype[tag]
-                elif isinstance(value, (int, float, str, bytes)) or (
-                    isinstance(value, tuple)
-                    and all(isinstance(v, (int, float, IFDRational)) for v in value)
-                ):
-                    type = TiffTags.lookup(tag).type
-                    if type:
-                        types[tag] = type
-            if tag not in atts and tag not in blocklist:
-                if isinstance(value, str):
-                    atts[tag] = value.encode("ascii", "replace") + b"\0"
-                elif isinstance(value, IFDRational):
-                    atts[tag] = float(value)
-                else:
-                    atts[tag] = value
-
-        if SAMPLEFORMAT in atts and len(atts[SAMPLEFORMAT]) == 1:
-            atts[SAMPLEFORMAT] = atts[SAMPLEFORMAT][0]
-
-        logger.debug("Converted items: %s", sorted(atts.items()))
-
-        # libtiff always expects the bytes in native order.
-        # we're storing image byte order. So, if the rawmode
-        # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image
-        # byte order.
-        if im.mode in ("I;16", "I;16B", "I;16L"):
-            rawmode = "I;16N"
-
-        # Pass tags as sorted list so that the tags are set in a fixed order.
-        # This is required by libtiff for some tags. For example, the JPEGQUALITY
-        # pseudo tag requires that the COMPRESS tag was already set.
-        tags = list(atts.items())
-        tags.sort()
-        a = (rawmode, compression, _fp, filename, tags, types)
-        encoder = Image._getencoder(im.mode, "libtiff", a, encoderconfig)
-        encoder.setimage(im.im, (0, 0) + im.size)
-        while True:
-            errcode, data = encoder.encode(ImageFile.MAXBLOCK)[1:]
-            if not _fp:
-                fp.write(data)
-            if errcode:
-                break
-        if errcode < 0:
-            msg = f"encoder error {errcode} when writing image file"
-            raise OSError(msg)
-
-    else:
-        for tag in blocklist:
-            del ifd[tag]
-        offset = ifd.save(fp)
-
-        ImageFile._save(
-            im,
-            fp,
-            [ImageFile._Tile("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, offset, (rawmode, stride, 1))],
-        )
-
-    # -- helper for multi-page save --
-    if "_debug_multipage" in encoderinfo:
-        # just to access o32 and o16 (using correct byte order)
-        setattr(im, "_debug_multipage", ifd)
-
-
-class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
-    fieldSizes = [
-        0,  # None
-        1,  # byte
-        1,  # ascii
-        2,  # short
-        4,  # long
-        8,  # rational
-        1,  # sbyte
-        1,  # undefined
-        2,  # sshort
-        4,  # slong
-        8,  # srational
-        4,  # float
-        8,  # double
-        4,  # ifd
-        2,  # unicode
-        4,  # complex
-        8,  # long8
-    ]
-
-    Tags = {
-        273,  # StripOffsets
-        288,  # FreeOffsets
-        324,  # TileOffsets
-        519,  # JPEGQTables
-        520,  # JPEGDCTables
-        521,  # JPEGACTables
-    }
-
-    def __init__(self, fn: StrOrBytesPath | IO[bytes], new: bool = False) -> None:
-        self.f: IO[bytes]
-        if is_path(fn):
-            self.name = fn
-            self.close_fp = True
-            try:
-                self.f = open(fn, "w+b" if new else "r+b")
-            except OSError:
-                self.f = open(fn, "w+b")
-        else:
-            self.f = cast(IO[bytes], fn)
-            self.close_fp = False
-        self.beginning = self.f.tell()
-        self.setup()
-
-    def setup(self) -> None:
-        # Reset everything.
-        self.f.seek(self.beginning, os.SEEK_SET)
-
-        self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset: int | None = None
-        self.offsetOfNewPage = 0
-
-        self.IIMM = iimm = self.f.read(4)
-        self._bigtiff = b"\x2b" in iimm
-        if not iimm:
-            # empty file - first page
-            self.isFirst = True
-            return
-
-        self.isFirst = False
-        if iimm not in PREFIXES:
-            msg = "Invalid TIFF file header"
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-        self.setEndian("<" if iimm.startswith(II) else ">")
-
-        if self._bigtiff:
-            self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)
-        self.skipIFDs()
-        self.goToEnd()
-
-    def finalize(self) -> None:
-        if self.isFirst:
-            return
-
-        # fix offsets
-        self.f.seek(self.offsetOfNewPage)
-
-        iimm = self.f.read(4)
-        if not iimm:
-            # Make it easy to finish a frame without committing to a new one.
-            return
-
-        if iimm != self.IIMM:
-            msg = "IIMM of new page doesn't match IIMM of first page"
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-        if self._bigtiff:
-            self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)
-        ifd_offset = self._read(8 if self._bigtiff else 4)
-        ifd_offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
-        assert self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset is not None
-        self.f.seek(self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset)
-        self._write(ifd_offset, 8 if self._bigtiff else 4)
-        self.f.seek(ifd_offset)
-        self.fixIFD()
-
-    def newFrame(self) -> None:
-        # Call this to finish a frame.
-        self.finalize()
-        self.setup()
-
-    def __enter__(self) -> AppendingTiffWriter:
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, *args: object) -> None:
-        if self.close_fp:
-            self.close()
-
-    def tell(self) -> int:
-        return self.f.tell() - self.offsetOfNewPage
-
-    def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int = io.SEEK_SET) -> int:
-        """
-        :param offset: Distance to seek.
-        :param whence: Whether the distance is relative to the start,
-                       end or current position.
-        :returns: The resulting position, relative to the start.
-        """
-        if whence == os.SEEK_SET:
-            offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
-
-        self.f.seek(offset, whence)
-        return self.tell()
-
-    def goToEnd(self) -> None:
-        self.f.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
-        pos = self.f.tell()
-
-        # pad to 16 byte boundary
-        pad_bytes = 16 - pos % 16
-        if 0 < pad_bytes < 16:
-            self.f.write(bytes(pad_bytes))
-        self.offsetOfNewPage = self.f.tell()
-
-    def setEndian(self, endian: str) -> None:
-        self.endian = endian
-        self.longFmt = f"{self.endian}L"
-        self.shortFmt = f"{self.endian}H"
-        self.tagFormat = f"{self.endian}HH" + ("Q" if self._bigtiff else "L")
-
-    def skipIFDs(self) -> None:
-        while True:
-            ifd_offset = self._read(8 if self._bigtiff else 4)
-            if ifd_offset == 0:
-                self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = self.f.tell() - (
-                    8 if self._bigtiff else 4
-                )
-                break
-
-            self.f.seek(ifd_offset)
-            num_tags = self._read(8 if self._bigtiff else 2)
-            self.f.seek(num_tags * (20 if self._bigtiff else 12), os.SEEK_CUR)
-
-    def write(self, data: Buffer, /) -> int:
-        return self.f.write(data)
-
-    def _fmt(self, field_size: int) -> str:
-        try:
-            return {2: "H", 4: "L", 8: "Q"}[field_size]
-        except KeyError:
-            msg = "offset is not supported"
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-    def _read(self, field_size: int) -> int:
-        (value,) = struct.unpack(
-            self.endian + self._fmt(field_size), self.f.read(field_size)
-        )
-        return value
-
-    def readShort(self) -> int:
-        return self._read(2)
-
-    def readLong(self) -> int:
-        return self._read(4)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _verify_bytes_written(bytes_written: int | None, expected: int) -> None:
-        if bytes_written is not None and bytes_written != expected:
-            msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted {expected}"
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-    def _rewriteLast(
-        self, value: int, field_size: int, new_field_size: int = 0
-    ) -> None:
-        self.f.seek(-field_size, os.SEEK_CUR)
-        if not new_field_size:
-            new_field_size = field_size
-        bytes_written = self.f.write(
-            struct.pack(self.endian + self._fmt(new_field_size), value)
-        )
-        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, new_field_size)
-
-    def rewriteLastShortToLong(self, value: int) -> None:
-        self._rewriteLast(value, 2, 4)
-
-    def rewriteLastShort(self, value: int) -> None:
-        return self._rewriteLast(value, 2)
-
-    def rewriteLastLong(self, value: int) -> None:
-        return self._rewriteLast(value, 4)
-
-    def _write(self, value: int, field_size: int) -> None:
-        bytes_written = self.f.write(
-            struct.pack(self.endian + self._fmt(field_size), value)
-        )
-        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, field_size)
-
-    def writeShort(self, value: int) -> None:
-        self._write(value, 2)
-
-    def writeLong(self, value: int) -> None:
-        self._write(value, 4)
-
-    def close(self) -> None:
-        self.finalize()
-        if self.close_fp:
-            self.f.close()
-
-    def fixIFD(self) -> None:
-        num_tags = self._read(8 if self._bigtiff else 2)
-
-        for i in range(num_tags):
-            tag, field_type, count = struct.unpack(
-                self.tagFormat, self.f.read(12 if self._bigtiff else 8)
-            )
-
-            field_size = self.fieldSizes[field_type]
-            total_size = field_size * count
-            fmt_size = 8 if self._bigtiff else 4
-            is_local = total_size <= fmt_size
-            if not is_local:
-                offset = self._read(fmt_size) + self.offsetOfNewPage
-                self._rewriteLast(offset, fmt_size)
-
-            if tag in self.Tags:
-                cur_pos = self.f.tell()
-
-                logger.debug(
-                    "fixIFD: %s (%d) - type: %s (%d) - type size: %d - count: %d",
-                    TiffTags.lookup(tag).name,
-                    tag,
-                    TYPES.get(field_type, "unknown"),
-                    field_type,
-                    field_size,
-                    count,
-                )
-
-                if is_local:
-                    self._fixOffsets(count, field_size)
-                    self.f.seek(cur_pos + fmt_size)
-                else:
-                    self.f.seek(offset)
-                    self._fixOffsets(count, field_size)
-                    self.f.seek(cur_pos)
-
-            elif is_local:
-                # skip the locally stored value that is not an offset
-                self.f.seek(fmt_size, os.SEEK_CUR)
-
-    def _fixOffsets(self, count: int, field_size: int) -> None:
-        for i in range(count):
-            offset = self._read(field_size)
-            offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
-
-            new_field_size = 0
-            if self._bigtiff and field_size in (2, 4) and offset >= 2**32:
-                # offset is now too large - we must convert long to long8
-                new_field_size = 8
-            elif field_size == 2 and offset >= 2**16:
-                # offset is now too large - we must convert short to long
-                new_field_size = 4
-            if new_field_size:
-                if count != 1:
-                    msg = "not implemented"
-                    raise RuntimeError(msg)  # XXX TODO
-
-                # simple case - the offset is just one and therefore it is
-                # local (not referenced with another offset)
-                self._rewriteLast(offset, field_size, new_field_size)
-                # Move back past the new offset, past 'count', and before 'field_type'
-                rewind = -new_field_size - 4 - 2
-                self.f.seek(rewind, os.SEEK_CUR)
-                self.writeShort(new_field_size)  # rewrite the type
-                self.f.seek(2 - rewind, os.SEEK_CUR)
-            else:
-                self._rewriteLast(offset, field_size)
-
-    def fixOffsets(
-        self, count: int, isShort: bool = False, isLong: bool = False
-    ) -> None:
-        if isShort:
-            field_size = 2
-        elif isLong:
-            field_size = 4
-        else:
-            field_size = 0
-        return self._fixOffsets(count, field_size)
-
-
-def _save_all(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
-    append_images = list(im.encoderinfo.get("append_images", []))
-    if not hasattr(im, "n_frames") and not append_images:
-        return _save(im, fp, filename)
-
-    cur_idx = im.tell()
-    try:
-        with AppendingTiffWriter(fp) as tf:
-            for ims in [im] + append_images:
-                encoderinfo = ims._attach_default_encoderinfo(im)
-                if not hasattr(ims, "encoderconfig"):
-                    ims.encoderconfig = ()
-                nfr = getattr(ims, "n_frames", 1)
-
-                for idx in range(nfr):
-                    ims.seek(idx)
-                    ims.load()
-                    _save(ims, tf, filename)
-                    tf.newFrame()
-                ims.encoderinfo = encoderinfo
-    finally:
-        im.seek(cur_idx)
-
-
-#
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Register
-
-Image.register_open(TiffImageFile.format, TiffImageFile, _accept)
-Image.register_save(TiffImageFile.format, _save)
-Image.register_save_all(TiffImageFile.format, _save_all)
-
-Image.register_extensions(TiffImageFile.format, [".tif", ".tiff"])
-
-Image.register_mime(TiffImageFile.format, "image/tiff")