@tsonic/emitter 0.0.13 → 0.0.15

package/dist/types/arrays.d.ts

@@ -1,19 +1,13 @@
 /**
  * Array type emission
  *
- * In dotnet mode:
- * - origin: "explicit" → emit native CLR array (T[])
- * - origin: undefined → emit List<T>
- *
- * In js mode: always emit List<T> (JS semantics)
+ * All array types emit as native CLR arrays (T[]).
+ * List<T> is only used when explicitly requested via new List<T>().
  */
 import { IrType } from "@tsonic/frontend";
 import { EmitterContext } from "../types.js";
 /**
- * Emit array types
- *
- * - Explicit T[] annotation in dotnet mode → native T[]
- * - Otherwise → List<T>
+ * Emit array types as native CLR arrays
  */
 export declare const emitArrayType: (type: Extract<IrType, {
     kind: "arrayType";

package/dist/types/arrays.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"arrays.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/types/arrays.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;GAQG;AAEH,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,kBAAkB,CAAC;AAC1C,OAAO,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAC;AAG7C;;;;;GAKG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,aAAa,GACxB,MAAM,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE;IAAE,IAAI,EAAE,WAAW,CAAA;CAAE,CAAC,EAC5C,SAAS,cAAc,KACtB,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,cAAc,CAczB,CAAC"}
+{"version":3,"file":"arrays.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/types/arrays.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;GAKG;AAEH,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,kBAAkB,CAAC;AAC1C,OAAO,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAC;AAG7C;;GAEG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,aAAa,GACxB,MAAM,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE;IAAE,IAAI,EAAE,WAAW,CAAA;CAAE,CAAC,EAC5C,SAAS,cAAc,KACtB,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,cAAc,CAKzB,CAAC"}

package/dist/types/arrays.js

@@ -1,30 +1,16 @@
 /**
  * Array type emission
  *
- * In dotnet mode:
- * - origin: "explicit" → emit native CLR array (T[])
- * - origin: undefined → emit List<T>
- *
- * In js mode: always emit List<T> (JS semantics)
+ * All array types emit as native CLR arrays (T[]).
+ * List<T> is only used when explicitly requested via new List<T>().
  */
 import { emitType } from "./emitter.js";
 /**
- * Emit array types
- *
- * - Explicit T[] annotation in dotnet mode → native T[]
- * - Otherwise → List<T>
+ * Emit array types as native CLR arrays
  */
 export const emitArrayType = (type, context) => {
     const [elementType, newContext] = emitType(type.elementType, context);
-    const runtime = context.options.runtime ?? "js";
-    // In dotnet mode with explicit array annotation, emit native CLR array
-    if (runtime === "dotnet" && type.origin === "explicit") {
-        return [`${elementType}[]`, newContext];
-    }
-    // Default: emit List<T> for JS semantics or inferred arrays
-    return [
-        `global::System.Collections.Generic.List<${elementType}>`,
-        newContext,
-    ];
+    // Always emit native CLR array
+    return [`${elementType}[]`, newContext];
 };
 //# sourceMappingURL=arrays.js.map

package/dist/types/arrays.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"arrays.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/types/arrays.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;GAQG;AAIH,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,cAAc,CAAC;AAExC;;;;;GAKG;AACH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,aAAa,GAAG,CAC3B,IAA4C,EAC5C,OAAuB,EACG,EAAE;IAC5B,MAAM,CAAC,WAAW,EAAE,UAAU,CAAC,GAAG,QAAQ,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,WAAW,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;IACtE,MAAM,OAAO,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC;IAEhD,uEAAuE;IACvE,IAAI,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,KAAK,UAAU,EAAE,CAAC;QACvD,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,WAAW,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,CAAC,CAAC;IAC1C,CAAC;IAED,4DAA4D;IAC5D,OAAO;QACL,2CAA2C,WAAW,GAAG;QACzD,UAAU;KACX,CAAC;AACJ,CAAC,CAAC"}
+{"version":3,"file":"arrays.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/types/arrays.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;GAKG;AAIH,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,cAAc,CAAC;AAExC;;GAEG;AACH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,aAAa,GAAG,CAC3B,IAA4C,EAC5C,OAAuB,EACG,EAAE;IAC5B,MAAM,CAAC,WAAW,EAAE,UAAU,CAAC,GAAG,QAAQ,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,WAAW,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;IAEtE,+BAA+B;IAC/B,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,WAAW,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,CAAC,CAAC;AAC1C,CAAC,CAAC"}

package/dist/types/parameters.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"parameters.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/types/parameters.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;GAEG;AAEH,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,MAAM,kBAAkB,CAAC;AAC3D,OAAO,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAC;AAG7C;;;GAGG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,kBAAkB,GAC7B,YAAY,SAAS,eAAe,EAAE,GAAG,SAAS,EAClD,SAAS,cAAc,KACtB,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,EAAE,cAAc,CAgEnC,CAAC;AAwBF;;GAEG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,iBAAiB,GAC5B,MAAM,MAAM,GAAG,SAAS,EACxB,YAAY,OAAO,EACnB,SAAS,cAAc,KACtB,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,cAAc,CAiBzB,CAAC"}
+{"version":3,"file":"parameters.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/types/parameters.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;GAEG;AAEH,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,MAAM,kBAAkB,CAAC;AAC3D,OAAO,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAC;AAsC7C;;;GAGG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,kBAAkB,GAC7B,YAAY,SAAS,eAAe,EAAE,GAAG,SAAS,EAClD,SAAS,cAAc,KACtB,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,EAAE,cAAc,CA0EnC,CAAC;AAwBF;;GAEG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,iBAAiB,GAC5B,MAAM,MAAM,GAAG,SAAS,EACxB,YAAY,OAAO,EACnB,SAAS,cAAc,KACtB,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,cAAc,CAiBzB,CAAC"}

package/dist/types/parameters.js

@@ -2,6 +2,32 @@
  * Type parameter and parameter type emission
  */
 import { emitType } from "./emitter.js";
+const inferTypeParamConstraintKind = (tp) => {
+    // No constraint → unconstrained (can be class or struct in C# terms)
+    if (!tp.constraint)
+        return "unconstrained";
+    // Structural constraints are object-shape constraints (reference-like).
+    if (tp.isStructuralConstraint)
+        return "class";
+    // Direct markers
+    if (tp.constraint.kind === "referenceType" && tp.constraint.name === "struct") {
+        return "struct";
+    }
+    if (tp.constraint.kind === "referenceType" && tp.constraint.name === "object") {
+        return "class";
+    }
+    // Intersection constraints may include object/struct markers
+    if (tp.constraint.kind === "intersectionType") {
+        const hasStruct = tp.constraint.types.some((t) => t.kind === "referenceType" && t.name === "struct");
+        const hasObject = tp.constraint.types.some((t) => t.kind === "referenceType" && t.name === "object");
+        if (hasStruct)
+            return "struct";
+        if (hasObject)
+            return "class";
+    }
+    // Interface/class constraints are not enough to determine reference vs value.
+    return "unconstrained";
+};
 /**
  * Emit C# type parameters with constraints
  * Example: <T, U extends Foo> → <T, U> with where clauses
@@ -10,11 +36,20 @@ export const emitTypeParameters = (typeParams, context) => {
     if (!typeParams || typeParams.length === 0) {
         return ["", [], context];
     }
+    // Track constraint kinds for type parameters in this scope.
+    // Used by union emission to decide whether `T | null` can be represented as `T?`.
+    const mergedConstraints = new Map(context.typeParamConstraints ?? []);
+    for (const tp of typeParams) {
+        mergedConstraints.set(tp.name, inferTypeParamConstraintKind(tp));
+    }
     const paramNames = typeParams.map((tp) => tp.name).join(", ");
     const typeParamsStr = `<${paramNames}>`;
     // Build where clauses for constraints
     const whereClauses = [];
-    let currentContext = context;
+    let currentContext = {
+        ...context,
+        typeParamConstraints: mergedConstraints,
+    };
     for (const tp of typeParams) {
         if (tp.constraint) {
             // Handle structural constraints specially - they generate adapter interfaces

package/dist/types/parameters.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/types/parameters.test.js

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ describe("Parameter modifiers (ref/out/in)", () => {
         indentLevel: 0,
         isStatic: false,
         isAsync: false,
-        options: { runtime: "dotnet", rootNamespace: "Test" },
+        options: { rootNamespace: "Test" },
     };
     it("should emit out parameter with out modifier", () => {
         const params = [

package/dist/types/parameters.test.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"parameters.test.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/types/parameters.test.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;GAEG;AAEH,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,EAAE,EAAE,MAAM,OAAO,CAAC;AACrC,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,MAAM,CAAC;AAC9B,OAAO,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,qCAAqC,CAAC;AAIrE,QAAQ,CAAC,kCAAkC,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE;IAChD,MAAM,WAAW,GAAmB;QAClC,WAAW,EAAE,CAAC;QACd,QAAQ,EAAE,KAAK;QACf,OAAO,EAAE,KAAK;QACd,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,aAAa,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE;KACnC,CAAC;IAEF,EAAE,CAAC,6CAA6C,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE;QACrD,MAAM,MAAM,GAAkB;YAC5B;gBACE,IAAI,EAAE,WAAW;gBACjB,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,mBAAmB,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE;gBACtD,IAAI,EAAE;oBACJ,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe;oBACrB,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK;oBACX,aAAa,EAAE;wBACb;4BACE,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe;4BACrB,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK;yBACZ;qBACF;iBACF;gBACD,UAAU,EAAE,KAAK;gBACjB,MAAM,EAAE,KAAK;gBACb,OAAO,EAAE,KAAK;aACf;SACF,CAAC;QAEF,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,cAAc,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,WAAW,CAAC,CAAC;QACtD,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,gBAAgB,CAAC,CAAC;IAC7C,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;IAEH,EAAE,CAAC,6CAA6C,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE;QACrD,MAAM,MAAM,GAAkB;YAC5B;gBACE,IAAI,EAAE,WAAW;gBACjB,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,mBAAmB,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE;gBACrD,IAAI,EAAE;oBACJ,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe;oBACrB,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK;oBACX,aAAa,EAAE;wBACb;4BACE,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe;4BACrB,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK;yBACZ;qBACF;iBACF;gBACD,UAAU,EAAE,KAAK;gBACjB,MAAM,EAAE,KAAK;gBACb,OAAO,EAAE,KAAK;aACf;SACF,CAAC;QAEF,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,cAAc,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,WAAW,CAAC,CAAC;QACtD,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,eAAe,CAAC,CAAC;IAC5C,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;IAEH,EAAE,CAAC,2CAA2C,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE;QACnD,MAAM,MAAM,GAAkB;YAC5B;gBACE,IAAI,EAAE,WAAW;gBACjB,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,mBAAmB,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE;gBACrD,IAAI,EAAE;oBACJ,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe;oBACrB,IAAI,EAAE,IAAI;oBACV,aAAa,EAAE;wBACb;4BACE,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe;4BACrB,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK;yBACZ;qBACF;iBACF;gBACD,UAAU,EAAE,KAAK;gBACjB,MAAM,EAAE,KAAK;gBACb,OAAO,EAAE,IAAI;aACd;SACF,CAAC;QAEF,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,cAAc,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,WAAW,CAAC,CAAC;QACtD,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,cAAc,CAAC,CAAC;IAC3C,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;IAEH,EAAE,CAAC,sDAAsD,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE;QAC9D,MAAM,MAAM,GAAkB;YAC5B;gBACE,IAAI,EAAE,WAAW;gBACjB,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,mBAAmB,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE;gBACrD,IAAI,EAAE;oBACJ,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe;oBACrB,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK;iBACZ;gBACD,UAAU,EAAE,KAAK;gBACjB,MAAM,EAAE,KAAK;gBACb,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO;aACjB;YACD;gBACE,IAAI,EAAE,WAAW;gBACjB,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,mBAAmB,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE;gBACtD,IAAI,EAAE;oBACJ,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe;oBACrB,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK;oBACX,aAAa,EAAE;wBACb;4BACE,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe;4BACrB,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK;yBACZ;qBACF;iBACF;gBACD,UAAU,EAAE,KAAK;gBACjB,MAAM,EAAE,KAAK;gBACb,OAAO,EAAE,KAAK;aACf;YACD;gBACE,IAAI,EAAE,WAAW;gBACjB,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,mBAAmB,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE;gBACvD,IAAI,EAAE;oBACJ,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe;oBACrB,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK;oBACX,aAAa,EAAE;wBACb;4BACE,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe;4BACrB,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK;yBACZ;qBACF;iBACF;gBACD,UAAU,EAAE,KAAK;gBACjB,MAAM,EAAE,KAAK;gBACb,OAAO,EAAE,KAAK;aACf;SACF,CAAC;QAEF,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,cAAc,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,WAAW,CAAC,CAAC;QACtD,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,4CAA4C,CAAC,CAAC;IACzE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;AACL,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC"}

package/dist/types/references.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"references.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/types/references.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;GAIG;AAEH,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,kBAAkB,CAAC;AAC1C,OAAO,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAC;AAiG7C;;GAEG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,iBAAiB,GAC5B,MAAM,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE;IAAE,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe,CAAA;CAAE,CAAC,EAChD,SAAS,cAAc,KACtB,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,cAAc,CAyMzB,CAAC"}
+{"version":3,"file":"references.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/types/references.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;GAIG;AAEH,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,kBAAkB,CAAC;AAC1C,OAAO,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAC;AAsH7C;;GAEG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,iBAAiB,GAC5B,MAAM,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE;IAAE,IAAI,EAAE,eAAe,CAAA;CAAE,CAAC,EAChD,SAAS,cAAc,KACtB,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,cAAc,CA8NzB,CAAC"}

package/dist/types/references.js

@@ -65,14 +65,32 @@ const getBindingClrName = (b) => {
     return undefined;
 };
 /**
- * Check if a type name indicates an unsupported support type.
+ * Convert CLR metadata type names into C#-emittable type names.
  *
- * TODO: This is a basic check. Full implementation requires:
- * 1. Access to TypeScript type checker
- * 2. Integration with support-types.ts helpers
- * 3. Proper diagnostic reporting
+ * tsbindgen bindings use CLR "full names" that include:
+ * - Generic arity markers: `Dictionary`2`, `Func`3`, etc.
+ * - Nested type separators: `Outer+Inner`
  *
- * For now, we check the type name string.
+ * C# source code must not include arity markers, and nested types use `.`
+ * in source (e.g. `Outer.Inner`).
+ */
+const clrTypeNameToCSharp = (clr) => {
+    const prefix = "global::";
+    const hasGlobal = clr.startsWith(prefix);
+    const body = hasGlobal ? clr.slice(prefix.length) : clr;
+    const sanitized = body
+        // Strip generic arity markers (e.g. Dictionary`2 -> Dictionary)
+        .replace(/`\d+/g, "")
+        // CLR nested types use '+'; C# source uses '.'
+        .replace(/\+/g, ".");
+    return hasGlobal ? `${prefix}${sanitized}` : sanitized;
+};
+/**
+ * Check if a type name indicates an unsupported support type.
+ *
+ * NOTE: The emitter does not have access to the TypeScript checker. Support types
+ * should be rejected during frontend IR building. This is a defensive guard in case
+ * unsupported types leak into IR.
  */
 const checkUnsupportedSupportType = (typeName) => {
     if (typeName === "TSUnsafePointer" ||
@@ -112,6 +130,9 @@ export const emitReferenceType = (type, context) => {
     }
     // If the type has a pre-resolved CLR type (from IR), use it
     if (resolvedClrType) {
+        const qualifiedClr = CSHARP_PRIMITIVES.has(resolvedClrType)
+            ? resolvedClrType
+            : toGlobalClr(resolvedClrType);
         if (typeArguments && typeArguments.length > 0) {
             const typeParams = [];
             let currentContext = context;
@@ -120,9 +141,9 @@ export const emitReferenceType = (type, context) => {
                 typeParams.push(paramType);
                 currentContext = newContext;
             }
-            return [`${resolvedClrType}<${typeParams.join(", ")}>`, currentContext];
+            return [`${qualifiedClr}<${typeParams.join(", ")}>`, currentContext];
         }
-        return [resolvedClrType, context];
+        return [qualifiedClr, context];
     }
     // Check if this type is imported - use pre-computed CLR name directly
     const importBinding = context.importBindings?.get(name);
@@ -152,22 +173,18 @@ export const emitReferenceType = (type, context) => {
     // Check for unsupported support types
     const unsupportedError = checkUnsupportedSupportType(name);
     if (unsupportedError) {
-        // TODO: Report diagnostic error instead of throwing
-        // For now, emit a comment to make the error visible in generated code
-        console.warn(`[Tsonic] ${unsupportedError}`);
-        return [`/* ERROR: ${unsupportedError} */ object`, context];
+        throw new Error(`[Tsonic] ${unsupportedError}`);
     }
     // Handle built-in types
+    // Array<T> emits as native T[] array, same as T[] syntax
+    // Users must explicitly use List<T> to get a List
     if (name === "Array" && typeArguments && typeArguments.length > 0) {
         const firstArg = typeArguments[0];
         if (!firstArg) {
-            return [`global::System.Collections.Generic.List<object>`, context];
+            return [`object[]`, context];
         }
         const [elementType, newContext] = emitType(firstArg, context);
-        return [
-            `global::System.Collections.Generic.List<${elementType}>`,
-            newContext,
-        ];
+        return [`${elementType}[]`, newContext];
     }
     if (name === "Promise" && typeArguments && typeArguments.length > 0) {
         const firstArg = typeArguments[0];
@@ -184,43 +201,37 @@ export const emitReferenceType = (type, context) => {
     if (name === "Promise") {
         return ["global::System.Threading.Tasks.Task", context];
     }
-    // NOTE: Map and Set are in js-globals but not in base globals.
-    // They must be explicitly imported in dotnet mode or will fail as unresolved types.
-    // Per Alice's decision: no ambient Map/Set handling in dotnet mode.
-    // Get runtime mode for conditional mappings
-    const runtime = context.options.runtime ?? "js";
-    // Map common JS types to .NET equivalents
-    // Only types actually defined in the globals packages
-    // Error: only in js-globals (not in base globals)
-    // PromiseLike: in base globals (available in both modes)
-    if (name === "Error" && runtime === "js") {
-        return ["global::System.Exception", context];
+    // Map core Span<T> to System.Span<T>.
+    // This is used by stackalloc<T>(n) and other span-based APIs.
+    if (name === "Span") {
+        if (!typeArguments || typeArguments.length !== 1) {
+            throw new Error(`ICE: Span must have exactly 1 type argument, got ${typeArguments?.length ?? 0}`);
+        }
+        const inner = typeArguments[0];
+        if (!inner) {
+            throw new Error("ICE: Span<T> missing type argument");
+        }
+        const [innerType, newContext] = emitType(inner, context);
+        return [`global::System.Span<${innerType}>`, newContext];
+    }
+    // Map core ptr<T> to C# unsafe pointer type: T*
+    if (name === "ptr") {
+        if (!typeArguments || typeArguments.length !== 1) {
+            throw new Error(`ICE: ptr must have exactly 1 type argument, got ${typeArguments?.length ?? 0}`);
+        }
+        const inner = typeArguments[0];
+        if (!inner) {
+            throw new Error("ICE: ptr<T> missing type argument");
+        }
+        const [innerType, newContext] = emitType(inner, context);
+        return [`${innerType}*`, newContext];
     }
+    // NOTE: Map and Set must be explicitly imported (not ambient)
+    // Map PromiseLike to Task
     if (name === "PromiseLike") {
         // PromiseLike is in both globals packages - safe to map unconditionally
         return ["global::System.Threading.Tasks.Task", context];
     }
-    // Resolve external types via binding registry (must be fully qualified)
-    // This handles types from contextual inference (e.g., Action from Parallel.invoke)
-    const regBinding = context.bindingsRegistry?.get(name);
-    if (regBinding) {
-        const clr = getBindingClrName(regBinding);
-        if (!clr) {
-            throw new Error(`ICE: Binding for '${name}' has no CLR name`);
-        }
-        const qualified = toGlobalClr(clr);
-        if (typeArguments && typeArguments.length > 0) {
-            const typeParams = [];
-            let currentContext = context;
-            for (const typeArg of typeArguments) {
-                const [paramType, newContext] = emitType(typeArg, currentContext);
-                typeParams.push(paramType);
-                currentContext = newContext;
-            }
-            return [`${qualified}<${typeParams.join(", ")}>`, currentContext];
-        }
-        return [qualified, context];
-    }
     // C# primitive types can be emitted directly
     if (CSHARP_PRIMITIVES.has(name)) {
         return [name, context];
@@ -229,8 +240,10 @@ export const emitReferenceType = (type, context) => {
     if (context.typeParameters?.has(name)) {
         return [name, context];
     }
-    // FALLTHROUGH is only permitted for local types.
-    // Emitting a bare external name is unsound and forbidden.
+    // IMPORTANT: Check local types BEFORE binding registry.
+    // Local types take precedence over .NET types with the same name.
+    // This ensures that a locally defined `Container<T>` is not resolved
+    // to `System.ComponentModel.Container` from the binding registry.
     const localTypeInfo = context.localTypes?.get(name);
     if (localTypeInfo) {
         // Convert nested type names (Outer$Inner → Outer.Inner)
@@ -253,6 +266,28 @@ export const emitReferenceType = (type, context) => {
         }
         return [csharpName, context];
     }
+    // Resolve external types via binding registry (must be fully qualified)
+    // This handles types from contextual inference (e.g., Action from Parallel.invoke)
+    // IMPORTANT: This is checked AFTER localTypes to ensure local types take precedence
+    const regBinding = context.bindingsRegistry?.get(name);
+    if (regBinding) {
+        const clr = getBindingClrName(regBinding);
+        if (!clr) {
+            throw new Error(`ICE: Binding for '${name}' has no CLR name`);
+        }
+        const qualified = toGlobalClr(clrTypeNameToCSharp(clr));
+        if (typeArguments && typeArguments.length > 0) {
+            const typeParams = [];
+            let currentContext = context;
+            for (const typeArg of typeArguments) {
+                const [paramType, newContext] = emitType(typeArg, currentContext);
+                typeParams.push(paramType);
+                currentContext = newContext;
+            }
+            return [`${qualified}<${typeParams.join(", ")}>`, currentContext];
+        }
+        return [qualified, context];
+    }
     // Hard failure: unresolved external reference type
     // This should never happen if the IR soundness gate is working correctly
     throw new Error(`ICE: Unresolved reference type '${name}' (no resolvedClrType, no import binding, no registry binding, not local)`);

package/dist/types/references.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"references.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/types/references.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;GAIG;AAIH,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,cAAc,CAAC;AACxC,OAAO,EACL,YAAY,EACZ,sBAAsB,GACvB,MAAM,wCAAwC,CAAC;AAChD,OAAO,EAAE,kBAAkB,EAAE,MAAM,4BAA4B,CAAC;AAEhE;;;GAGG;AACH,MAAM,iBAAiB,GAAG,IAAI,GAAG,CAAC;IAChC,sCAAsC;IACtC,OAAO;IACP,OAAO;IACP,KAAK;IACL,MAAM;IACN,MAAM;IACN,QAAQ;IACR,wCAAwC;IACxC,MAAM;IACN,QAAQ;IACR,MAAM;IACN,OAAO;IACP,OAAO;IACP,SAAS;IACT,qCAAqC;IACrC,MAAM;IACN,OAAO;IACP,QAAQ;IACR,SAAS;IACT,uCAAuC;IACvC,MAAM;IACN,MAAM;IACN,mDAAmD;IACnD,QAAQ;IACR,QAAQ;IACR,MAAM;CACP,CAAC,CAAC;AAEH;;GAEG;AACH,MAAM,WAAW,GAAG,CAAC,GAAW,EAAU,EAAE;IAC1C,MAAM,OAAO,GAAG,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC;IAC3B,OAAO,OAAO,CAAC,UAAU,CAAC,UAAU,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,WAAW,OAAO,EAAE,CAAC;AACzE,CAAC,CAAC;AAEF;;;GAGG;AACH,MAAM,iBAAiB,GAAG,CAAC,CAAU,EAAsB,EAAE;IAC3D,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,KAAK,QAAQ;QAAE,OAAO,SAAS,CAAC;IAElD,iFAAiF;IACjF,MAAM,YAAY,GAAI,CAA2B,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;IAC1D,IAAI,OAAO,YAAY,KAAK,QAAQ,IAAI,YAAY,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QAChE,OAAO,YAAY,CAAC;IACtB,CAAC;IAED,0EAA0E;IAC1E,MAAM,SAAS,GAAI,CAAwB,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;IACjD,IAAI,OAAO,SAAS,KAAK,QAAQ,IAAI,SAAS,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QAC1D,OAAO,SAAS,CAAC;IACnB,CAAC;IAED,OAAO,SAAS,CAAC;AACnB,CAAC,CAAC;AAEF;;;;;;;;;GASG;AACH,MAAM,mBAAmB,GAAG,CAAC,GAAW,EAAU,EAAE;IAClD,MAAM,MAAM,GAAG,UAAU,CAAC;IAC1B,MAAM,SAAS,GAAG,GAAG,CAAC,UAAU,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC;IACzC,MAAM,IAAI,GAAG,SAAS,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC;IAExD,MAAM,SAAS,GAAG,IAAI;QACpB,gEAAgE;SAC/D,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC;QACrB,+CAA+C;SAC9C,OAAO,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;IAEvB,OAAO,SAAS,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,GAAG,MAAM,GAAG,SAAS,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC;AACzD,CAAC,CAAC;AAEF;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,MAAM,2BAA2B,GAAG,CAAC,QAAgB,EAAsB,EAAE;IAC3E,IACE,QAAQ,KAAK,iBAAiB;QAC9B,QAAQ,CAAC,UAAU,CAAC,kBAAkB,CAAC,EACvC,CAAC;QACD,OAAO,6EAA6E,CAAC;IACvF,CAAC;IACD,IAAI,QAAQ,KAAK,SAAS,IAAI,QAAQ,CAAC,UAAU,CAAC,UAAU,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QAC9D,OAAO,uFAAuF,CAAC;IACjG,CAAC;IACD,IAAI,QAAQ,KAAK,cAAc,IAAI,QAAQ,CAAC,UAAU,CAAC,eAAe,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QACxE,OAAO,2EAA2E,CAAC;IACrF,CAAC;IACD,OAAO,SAAS,CAAC;AACnB,CAAC,CAAC;AAEF;;GAEG;AACH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,iBAAiB,GAAG,CAC/B,IAAgD,EAChD,OAAuB,EACG,EAAE;IAC5B,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,aAAa,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC;IAEtD,gHAAgH;IAChH,0FAA0F;IAC1F,kGAAkG;IAClG,2DAA2D;IAC3D,MAAM,QAAQ,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;IAC/C,IAAI,QAAQ,IAAI,QAAQ,CAAC,IAAI,KAAK,WAAW,EAAE,CAAC;QAC9C,MAAM,cAAc,GAAG,QAAQ,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;QAC1C,oEAAoE;QACpE,MAAM,aAAa,GAAG,cAAc,KAAK,WAAW,CAAC;QAErD,IAAI,aAAa,EAAE,CAAC;YAClB,uCAAuC;YACvC,MAAM,cAAc,GAClB,aAAa,IAAI,aAAa,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,CAAC;gBACvC,CAAC,CAAC,kBAAkB,CAChB,QAAQ,CAAC,IAAI,EACb,QAAQ,CAAC,cAAc,EACvB,aAAa,CACd;gBACH,CAAC,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;YACpB,OAAO,QAAQ,CAAC,cAAc,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;QAC3C,CAAC;QACD,6EAA6E;IAC/E,CAAC;IAED,4DAA4D;IAC5D,IAAI,eAAe,EAAE,CAAC;QACpB,MAAM,YAAY,GAAG,iBAAiB,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,eAAe,CAAC;YACzD,CAAC,CAAC,eAAe;YACjB,CAAC,CAAC,WAAW,CAAC,eAAe,CAAC,CAAC;QACjC,IAAI,aAAa,IAAI,aAAa,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;YAC9C,MAAM,UAAU,GAAa,EAAE,CAAC;YAChC,IAAI,cAAc,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC;YAC7B,KAAK,MAAM,OAAO,IAAI,aAAa,EAAE,CAAC;gBACpC,MAAM,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,UAAU,CAAC,GAAG,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,cAAc,CAAC,CAAC;gBAClE,UAAU,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC,CAAC;gBAC3B,cAAc,GAAG,UAAU,CAAC;YAC9B,CAAC;YACD,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,YAAY,IAAI,UAAU,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,GAAG,EAAE,cAAc,CAAC,CAAC;QACvE,CAAC;QACD,OAAO,CAAC,YAAY,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;IACjC,CAAC;IAED,sEAAsE;IACtE,MAAM,aAAa,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,cAAc,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;IACxD,IAAI,aAAa,EAAE,CAAC;QAClB,2EAA2E;QAC3E,mFAAmF;QACnF,qEAAqE;QACrE,wEAAwE;QACxE,mEAAmE;QACnE,MAAM,aAAa,GACjB,aAAa,CAAC,IAAI,KAAK,MAAM;YAC3B,CAAC,CAAC,aAAa,CAAC,OAAO;YACvB,CAAC,CAAC,aAAa,CAAC,MAAM;gBACpB,CAAC,CAAC,GAAG,aAAa,CAAC,OAAO,IAAI,aAAa,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE;gBACpD,CAAC,CAAC,aAAa,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;QAE9B,IAAI,aAAa,IAAI,aAAa,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;YAC9C,MAAM,UAAU,GAAa,EAAE,CAAC;YAChC,IAAI,cAAc,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC;YAC7B,KAAK,MAAM,OAAO,IAAI,aAAa,EAAE,CAAC;gBACpC,MAAM,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,UAAU,CAAC,GAAG,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,cAAc,CAAC,CAAC;gBAClE,UAAU,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC,CAAC;gBAC3B,cAAc,GAAG,UAAU,CAAC;YAC9B,CAAC;YACD,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,aAAa,IAAI,UAAU,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,GAAG,EAAE,cAAc,CAAC,CAAC;QACxE,CAAC;QACD,OAAO,CAAC,aAAa,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;IAClC,CAAC;IAED,sCAAsC;IACtC,MAAM,gBAAgB,GAAG,2BAA2B,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;IAC3D,IAAI,gBAAgB,EAAE,CAAC;QACrB,MAAM,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,YAAY,gBAAgB,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;IAClD,CAAC;IAED,wBAAwB;IACxB,yDAAyD;IACzD,kDAAkD;IAClD,IAAI,IAAI,KAAK,OAAO,IAAI,aAAa,IAAI,aAAa,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QAClE,MAAM,QAAQ,GAAG,aAAa,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;QAClC,IAAI,CAAC,QAAQ,EAAE,CAAC;YACd,OAAO,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;QAC/B,CAAC;QACD,MAAM,CAAC,WAAW,EAAE,UAAU,CAAC,GAAG,QAAQ,CAAC,QAAQ,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;QAC9D,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,WAAW,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,CAAC,CAAC;IAC1C,CAAC;IAED,IAAI,IAAI,KAAK,SAAS,IAAI,aAAa,IAAI,aAAa,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QACpE,MAAM,QAAQ,GAAG,aAAa,CAAC,CAAC,CA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package/dist/types/references.test.js

@@ -89,14 +89,15 @@ describe("Reference Type Emission", () => {
         });
     });
     describe("Known Builtin Types", () => {
-        it("should emit Array<T> as List<T>", () => {
+        it("should emit Array<T> as native T[] array", () => {
             const module = createModuleWithType({
                 kind: "referenceType",
                 name: "Array",
                 typeArguments: [{ kind: "primitiveType", name: "number" }],
             });
             const result = emitModule(module);
-            expect(result).to.include("global::System.Collections.Generic.List<double>");
+            expect(result).to.include("double[]");
+            expect(result).not.to.include("List");
         });
         it("should emit Promise<T> as Task<T>", () => {
             const module = createModuleWithType({
@@ -107,30 +108,13 @@ describe("Reference Type Emission", () => {
             const result = emitModule(module);
             expect(result).to.include("global::System.Threading.Tasks.Task<string>");
         });
-        it("should emit Error as System.Exception in js mode (default)", () => {
+        it("should fail for Error type (not supported)", () => {
             const module = createModuleWithType({
                 kind: "referenceType",
                 name: "Error",
             });
-            // Default runtime is "js"
-            const result = emitModule(module);
-            expect(result).to.include("global::System.Exception");
-        });
-        it("should emit Error as System.Exception in js mode (explicit)", () => {
-            const module = createModuleWithType({
-                kind: "referenceType",
-                name: "Error",
-            });
-            const result = emitModule(module, { runtime: "js" });
-            expect(result).to.include("global::System.Exception");
-        });
-        it("should fail for Error in dotnet mode (not in base globals)", () => {
-            const module = createModuleWithType({
-                kind: "referenceType",
-                name: "Error",
-            });
-            // Error is not in base globals, so it should fail as unresolved
-            expect(() => emitModule(module, { runtime: "dotnet" })).to.throw("ICE: Unresolved reference type 'Error'");
+            // Error is not in globals, so it should fail as unresolved
+            expect(() => emitModule(module)).to.throw("ICE: Unresolved reference type 'Error'");
         });
     });
     describe("Pre-resolved CLR Types", () => {
@@ -157,6 +141,30 @@ describe("Reference Type Emission", () => {
             expect(result).to.include("global::System.Func<string, double>");
         });
     });
+    describe("Bindings Registry Types", () => {
+        it("should strip generic arity markers from CLR names", () => {
+            const module = createModuleWithType({
+                kind: "referenceType",
+                name: "Dictionary_2",
+                typeArguments: [
+                    { kind: "primitiveType", name: "int" },
+                    { kind: "primitiveType", name: "string" },
+                ],
+            });
+            const dictionaryBinding = {
+                name: "System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2",
+                alias: "Dictionary_2",
+                kind: "class",
+                members: [],
+            };
+            const clrBindings = new Map([
+                ["Dictionary_2", dictionaryBinding],
+            ]);
+            const result = emitModule(module, { clrBindings });
+            expect(result).to.include("global::System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<int, string>");
+            expect(result).to.not.include("Dictionary`2");
+        });
+    });
     describe("Local Types", () => {
         it("should emit local class types without qualification", () => {
             const module = {
@@ -237,10 +245,10 @@ describe("Reference Type Emission", () => {
             expect(result).to.include("IUser user");
         });
     });
-    describe("Runtime Mode Guards", () => {
-        it("should NOT emit JSRuntime in dotnet mode for array indexing", () => {
+    describe("Array Indexing", () => {
+        it("should use native indexer for array indexing", () => {
             // This test creates a module with array index access
-            // In dotnet mode, it should use native indexer, not JSRuntime.Array.get()
+            // Should use native indexer, not JSRuntime.Array.get()
             const module = {
                 kind: "module",
                 filePath: "/src/test.ts",
@@ -303,80 +311,12 @@ describe("Reference Type Emission", () => {
                 ],
                 exports: [],
             };
-            const result = emitModule(module, { runtime: "dotnet" });
-            // In dotnet mode, output should NOT contain JSRuntime
+            const result = emitModule(module);
+            // Output should NOT contain JSRuntime
             expect(result).to.not.include("Tsonic.JSRuntime");
             // Should use native indexer (no cast needed with proof marker)
             expect(result).to.include("arr[0]");
         });
-        it("should emit JSRuntime in js mode for array indexing", () => {
-            // Same module as above but in js mode
-            const module = {
-                kind: "module",
-                filePath: "/src/test.ts",
-                namespace: "Test",
-                className: "test",
-                isStaticContainer: true,
-                imports: [],
-                body: [
-                    {
-                        kind: "functionDeclaration",
-                        name: "getFirst",
-                        isExported: true,
-                        isAsync: false,
-                        isGenerator: false,
-                        parameters: [
-                            {
-                                kind: "parameter",
-                                pattern: { kind: "identifierPattern", name: "arr" },
-                                type: {
-                                    kind: "arrayType",
-                                    elementType: { kind: "primitiveType", name: "number" },
-                                },
-                                isOptional: false,
-                                isRest: false,
-                                passing: "value",
-                            },
-                        ],
-                        returnType: { kind: "primitiveType", name: "number" },
-                        body: {
-                            kind: "blockStatement",
-                            statements: [
-                                {
-                                    kind: "returnStatement",
-                                    expression: {
-                                        kind: "memberAccess",
-                                        object: {
-                                            kind: "identifier",
-                                            name: "arr",
-                                            inferredType: {
-                                                kind: "arrayType",
-                                                elementType: { kind: "primitiveType", name: "number" },
-                                            },
-                                        },
-                                        property: {
-                                            kind: "literal",
-                                            value: 0,
-                                            // Proof marker: int literal
-                                            inferredType: {
-                                                kind: "primitiveType",
-                                                name: "int",
-                                            },
-                                        },
-                                        isComputed: true,
-                                        isOptional: false,
-                                    },
-                                },
-                            ],
-                        },
-                    },
-                ],
-                exports: [],
-            };
-            const result = emitModule(module, { runtime: "js" });
-            // In js mode, output should use JSRuntime.Array.get()
-            expect(result).to.include("global::Tsonic.JSRuntime.Array.get");
-        });
     });
 });
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