@travetto/model-sql 8.0.0-alpha.3 → 8.0.0-alpha.30

package/src/dialect.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,825 @@
+import type { IndexConfig, ModelType } from '@travetto/model';
+import { ModelRegistryIndex } from '@travetto/model';
+import { isModelIndexedIndex } from '@travetto/model-indexed';
+import { isModelQueryIndex, ModelQueryUtil, type SortClause, type WhereClause } from '@travetto/model-query';
+import { type Class, castTo, JSONUtil, RuntimeError } from '@travetto/runtime';
+import { DataUtil, type SchemaFieldConfig, SchemaRegistryIndex } from '@travetto/schema';
+
+import type { JSONSqlPathMode, ResolvedPathContext, SchemaContext, TableContext } from './types.ts';
+
+export interface TransactionStatements {
+  begin: string;
+  beginNested: string;
+  isolate: string;
+  rollback: string;
+  rollbackNested: string;
+  commit: string;
+  commitNested: string;
+}
+
+interface QueryClause {
+  sql?: string;
+  parameters?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+type IdentificationPath = string;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract ANSI SQL-99 Dialect base implementation.
+ * Pure SQL text generator and query builder (does not execute queries or hold connection state).
+ */
+export abstract class AbstractANSI99Dialect {
+  static TRANSACTION_STATEMENTS: TransactionStatements = {
+    begin: 'BEGIN;',
+    beginNested: 'SAVEPOINT $1;',
+    isolate: 'SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;',
+    rollback: 'ROLLBACK;',
+    rollbackNested: 'ROLLBACK TO $1;',
+    commit: 'COMMIT;',
+    commitNested: 'RELEASE SAVEPOINT $1;'
+  };
+
+  static SCHEMA_CACHE = new Map<Class, SchemaContext<unknown>>();
+
+  returningSupport = false;
+  suggestLikeOperator = 'LIKE';
+  transactionStatements: TransactionStatements = AbstractANSI99Dialect.TRANSACTION_STATEMENTS;
+  abstract getComplexColumnType(field: SchemaFieldConfig): string;
+
+  getComplexColumnValue(field: SchemaFieldConfig, value: unknown): unknown {
+    return value === null || value === undefined ? null : JSONUtil.toUTF8(value);
+  }
+
+  escapeIdentifier(name: string): string {
+    return `"${name.replaceAll('"', '""')}"`;
+  }
+
+  escapeLiteral(value: string): string {
+    return value.replaceAll("'", "''");
+  }
+
+  getPlaceholder(index: number): string {
+    return '?';
+  }
+
+  abstract getColumnType(fieldConfiguration: SchemaFieldConfig): string;
+  abstract compileJsonIndexPath(columnName: string, jsonPath: string[], mode: JSONSqlPathMode): string;
+  abstract compileArrayAll(context: ResolvedPathContext, identifier: string, value: unknown[]): { sql: string; formatted: unknown };
+  abstract compileArrayEquals(context: ResolvedPathContext, identifier: string, values: unknown): { sql: string; formatted: unknown };
+  abstract compileArrayAny(context: ResolvedPathContext, identifier: string, values: unknown[]): { sql: string; formatted: unknown };
+  abstract compileArrayExists(context: ResolvedPathContext, identifier?: string): { sql: string };
+  abstract compileArrayRegex(context: ResolvedPathContext, identifier: string, value: RegExp | string): { sql: string; formatted: unknown };
+
+  abstract getRegexOperator(caseInsensitive: boolean): string;
+  abstract formatRegex(source: string, caseInsensitive: boolean): string;
+  abstract castColumn(sqlPath: string, type: Class): string;
+
+  compileJsonEquality?(sqlPath: string, identifier: string): string;
+  shiftPlaceholders?(whereSQL: string, offset: number): string;
+
+  buildSqlPath<T extends ModelType>(tableContext: TableContext<T>, path: string[], mode: JSONSqlPathMode): string {
+    const firstSegment = path[0];
+    const escapedFirst = this.escapeIdentifier(firstSegment);
+    if (tableContext.simpleFields.has(firstSegment)) {
+      if (path.length > 1) {
+        throw new RuntimeError(
+          `Cannot traverse nested properties under simple column "${firstSegment}" in table "${tableContext.tableName}"`,
+          {
+            category: 'data'
+          }
+        );
+      }
+      return escapedFirst;
+    } else {
+      const nestedSegments = path.slice(1);
+      if (nestedSegments.length === 0) {
+        return escapedFirst;
+      }
+      return this.compileJsonIndexPath(escapedFirst, nestedSegments, mode);
+    }
+  }
+
+  formatJsonPath(jsonPath: string[]): string {
+    return jsonPath.map(segment => (/^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(segment) ? segment : `"${segment.replaceAll('"', '\\"')}"`)).join('.');
+  }
+
+  compileIndexPath(context: TableContext, path: string[], mode: JSONSqlPathMode): string {
+    return this.resolvePath(context, path, mode).sqlPath;
+  }
+
+  getCreateIndexSQL(context: TableContext, indexConfig: IndexConfig): string {
+    const { tableName, cls: modelClass } = context;
+    const indexName = ['idx', tableName, indexConfig.name.toLowerCase().replaceAll('-', '_')].join('_');
+
+    if (isModelQueryIndex(indexConfig)) {
+      const indexFields = indexConfig.fields.map(field => {
+        const fieldKey = Object.keys(field)[0];
+        const sortDirection = castTo<Record<string, unknown>>(field)[fieldKey];
+        const isAscending = typeof sortDirection === 'number' ? sortDirection === 1 : !sortDirection;
+
+        const path = fieldKey.split('.');
+        const expression = this.compileIndexPath(context, path, 'createIndex');
+        const formattedExpression = path.length > 1 ? `(${expression})` : expression;
+        return `${formattedExpression} ${isAscending ? 'ASC' : 'DESC'}`;
+      });
+
+      return `CREATE ${indexConfig.unique ? 'UNIQUE ' : ''}INDEX ${this.escapeIdentifier(indexName)} ON ${this.escapeIdentifier(context.tableName)} (${indexFields.join(', ')});`;
+    } else if (isModelIndexedIndex(indexConfig)) {
+      const allFields = [...indexConfig.keyTemplate, ...indexConfig.sortTemplate];
+      const indexFields = allFields.map(({ path, value }) => {
+        const expression = this.compileIndexPath(context, path, 'createIndex');
+        const formattedExpression = path.length > 1 ? `(${expression})` : expression;
+        return `${formattedExpression} ${value === -1 ? 'DESC' : 'ASC'}`;
+      });
+
+      const isUnique = 'unique' in indexConfig && indexConfig.unique;
+      return `CREATE ${isUnique ? 'UNIQUE ' : ''}INDEX ${this.escapeIdentifier(indexName)} ON ${this.escapeIdentifier(context.tableName)} (${indexFields.join(', ')});`;
+    }
+
+    throw new RuntimeError(`Unsupported index configuration for class ${modelClass.name}`);
+  }
+
+  getCreateTableSQL(context: TableContext): string {
+    const idType = this.getColumnType(castTo({ name: 'id', type: String }));
+    const columnDefinitions: string[] = [`${this.escapeIdentifier('id')} ${idType} PRIMARY KEY`];
+
+    for (const field of context.simpleFields.values()) {
+      if (field.name === 'id') {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const columnType = this.getColumnType(field);
+      columnDefinitions.push(`${this.escapeIdentifier(field.name)} ${columnType}`);
+    }
+
+    for (const field of context.complexFields.values()) {
+      columnDefinitions.push(`${this.escapeIdentifier(field.name)} ${this.getComplexColumnType(field)}`);
+    }
+
+    return `
+CREATE TABLE ${this.escapeIdentifier(context.tableName)} (
+  ${columnDefinitions.join(',\n  ')}
+);
+`.trim();
+  }
+
+  getCreateTableIndexSQLs(context: TableContext): string[] {
+    const indexes = ModelRegistryIndex.getIndices(context.cls) || [];
+    return indexes.map(indexConfig => this.getCreateIndexSQL(context, indexConfig));
+  }
+
+  getAddColumnSQL(context: TableContext, columnName: string, columnType: string): string {
+    return `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapeIdentifier(context.tableName)} ADD COLUMN ${this.escapeIdentifier(columnName)} ${columnType};`;
+  }
+
+  abstract getUpsertSQL(
+    context: TableContext,
+    columns: string[],
+    placeholders: string[],
+    conflictTarget: string[],
+    updates: string[]
+  ): string;
+
+  normalizeIndexDefinition(sql: string): string {
+    return sql
+      .toLowerCase()
+      .replaceAll('"', '')
+      .replaceAll("'", '')
+      .replaceAll('`', '')
+      .replaceAll(' ', '')
+      .replaceAll('asc', '')
+      .replaceAll('desc', '')
+      .replaceAll('btree', '')
+      .replaceAll('public.', '')
+      .replaceAll('::text', '')
+      .replaceAll('(', '')
+      .replaceAll(')', '');
+  }
+
+  abstract getTableExistsQuery(context: TableContext): { sql: string; parameters?: unknown[] };
+  abstract parseTableExistsResult(records: unknown[]): boolean;
+  abstract getExistingColumnsQuery(context: TableContext): { sql: string; parameters?: unknown[] };
+  abstract parseExistingColumns(records: unknown[]): Map<string, string>;
+  abstract getExistingIndexesQuery(context: TableContext): { sql: string; parameters?: unknown[] };
+  abstract parseExistingIndexes(records: unknown[]): Map<string, string>;
+  abstract getDropIndexSQL(context: TableContext, indexName: string): string;
+  abstract getTruncateTableSQL(context: TableContext): string;
+
+  getDropTableSQL(context: TableContext): string {
+    return `DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ${this.escapeIdentifier(context.tableName)};`;
+  }
+
+  getAlterColumnTypeSQL?(context: TableContext, columnName: string, columnType: string, existingType: string): string | undefined;
+
+  // Query Compilation
+  static #combineResults(results: QueryClause[], operator: string): QueryClause {
+    const filtered = results.filter(result => !!result.sql);
+
+    if (filtered.length === 0) {
+      return {};
+    } else if (filtered.length === 1) {
+      return filtered[0];
+    } else {
+      const fullOperator = ` ${operator} `;
+      return {
+        sql: `(${filtered.map(result => result.sql).join(fullOperator)})`,
+        parameters: Object.assign({}, ...results.map(result => result.parameters))
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  compileWhere<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    where?: WhereClause<T>,
+    checkExpiry = true
+  ): {
+    whereSQL?: string;
+    parameters?: unknown[];
+  } {
+    const resolvedWhere = ModelQueryUtil.getWhereClause(tableContext.cls, where, checkExpiry);
+    const compiled = this.#compileClause(tableContext, resolvedWhere);
+    if (Object.entries(compiled.parameters ?? {}).length) {
+      const parameters: unknown[] = [];
+      const seen = new Map<string, string>();
+      const sql = compiled
+        .sql!.replace(/%%([^%]{0,200})%%/g, key => {
+          if (!seen.has(key)) {
+            parameters.push(compiled.parameters![key]);
+            seen.set(key, this.getPlaceholder(parameters.length));
+          }
+          return seen.get(key)!;
+        })
+        .trim();
+      return { whereSQL: sql, parameters };
+    } else {
+      return { whereSQL: compiled.sql?.trim() };
+    }
+  }
+
+  compileSort<T extends ModelType>(tableContext: TableContext<T>, sort?: SortClause<T>[]): string {
+    if (!sort || sort.length === 0) {
+      return '';
+    }
+    const sortClauses = sort.map(sortClause => {
+      const key = Object.keys(sortClause)[0];
+      const direction = castTo<Record<string, 1 | -1>>(sortClause)[key];
+      const path = key.split('.');
+      const { sqlPath } = this.resolvePath(tableContext, path, 'orderBy');
+      return `${sqlPath} ${direction === -1 ? 'DESC' : 'ASC'}`;
+    });
+    return sortClauses.length ? `ORDER BY ${sortClauses.join(', ')}` : '';
+  }
+
+  #resolveSchemaPath<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    path: string[]
+  ): {
+    leafField?: SchemaFieldConfig;
+    arrayField?: SchemaFieldConfig;
+    arraySegmentIndex?: number;
+  } {
+    const firstSegment = path[0];
+
+    if (tableContext.simpleFields.has(firstSegment)) {
+      if (path.length > 1) {
+        throw new RuntimeError(
+          `Cannot traverse nested properties under simple column "${firstSegment}" in table "${tableContext.tableName}"`,
+          {
+            category: 'data'
+          }
+        );
+      }
+      return { leafField: tableContext.simpleFields.get(firstSegment) };
+    }
+
+    let currentField: SchemaFieldConfig | undefined = tableContext.complexFields.get(firstSegment);
+    let arrayField: SchemaFieldConfig | undefined = currentField?.array ? currentField : undefined;
+    let arraySegmentIndex: number | undefined = currentField?.array ? 0 : undefined;
+    let currentClass = currentField?.type;
+
+    for (let pathIndex = 1; pathIndex < path.length; pathIndex += 1) {
+      const segment = path[pathIndex];
+      const subclassConfiguration = SchemaRegistryIndex.getOptional(currentClass!)?.get();
+      currentField = subclassConfiguration?.fields[segment];
+      if (currentField?.array && !arrayField) {
+        arrayField = currentField;
+        arraySegmentIndex = pathIndex;
+      }
+      currentClass = currentField?.type;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      leafField: currentField,
+      arrayField,
+      arraySegmentIndex
+    };
+  }
+
+  getSchemaSubPathMetadata(
+    initialClass: Class | undefined,
+    subPath: string[]
+  ): Array<{ segment: string; fieldConfig?: SchemaFieldConfig; isArray: boolean; fieldClass?: Class }> {
+    let currentClass = initialClass;
+    return subPath.map(segment => {
+      let fieldConfig: SchemaFieldConfig | undefined;
+      let isArray = false;
+      if (currentClass) {
+        const classConfiguration = SchemaRegistryIndex.getOptional(currentClass)?.get();
+        fieldConfig = classConfiguration?.fields[segment];
+        if (fieldConfig) {
+          isArray = !!fieldConfig.array;
+          currentClass = fieldConfig.type;
+        } else {
+          currentClass = undefined;
+        }
+      }
+      return { segment, fieldConfig, isArray, fieldClass: currentClass };
+    });
+  }
+
+  resolvePath<T extends ModelType>(tableContext: TableContext<T>, path: string[], mode: JSONSqlPathMode): ResolvedPathContext {
+    const firstSegment = path[0];
+
+    if (tableContext.simpleFields.has(firstSegment)) {
+      const { leafField } = this.#resolveSchemaPath(tableContext, path);
+      return { sqlPath: this.buildSqlPath(tableContext, path, mode), leafField };
+    }
+
+    const { leafField, arrayField, arraySegmentIndex } = this.#resolveSchemaPath(tableContext, path);
+    const sqlPath = this.buildSqlPath(tableContext, path, mode);
+
+    const finalSqlPath = leafField && !leafField.array ? this.castColumn(sqlPath, leafField.type) : sqlPath;
+
+    const arrayPath = arraySegmentIndex !== undefined ? path.slice(0, arraySegmentIndex + 1) : undefined;
+    const subPath = arraySegmentIndex !== undefined ? path.slice(arraySegmentIndex + 1) : undefined;
+
+    return {
+      sqlPath: finalSqlPath,
+      leafField,
+      arrayField,
+      arrayPath,
+      subPath
+    };
+  }
+
+  #compileClause<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    clause: WhereClause<T>,
+    identificationPath: IdentificationPath = ''
+  ): QueryClause {
+    if (!clause) {
+      return {};
+    }
+    if (ModelQueryUtil.has$And(clause)) {
+      const compiled = clause.$and
+        .map((item, index) => this.#compileClause(tableContext, item, `${identificationPath}_${index}`))
+        .filter(Boolean);
+      return AbstractANSI99Dialect.#combineResults(compiled, 'AND');
+    } else if (ModelQueryUtil.has$Or(clause)) {
+      const compiled = clause.$or
+        .map((item, index) => this.#compileClause(tableContext, item, `${identificationPath}_${index}`))
+        .filter(Boolean);
+      return AbstractANSI99Dialect.#combineResults(compiled, 'OR');
+    } else if (ModelQueryUtil.has$Not(clause)) {
+      const compiled = this.#compileClause(tableContext, clause.$not, identificationPath);
+      return compiled
+        ? {
+            sql: `NOT (${compiled.sql})`,
+            parameters: compiled.parameters
+          }
+        : {};
+    } else {
+      return this.#compileSimple(tableContext, clause, [], identificationPath);
+    }
+  }
+
+  #compileSimple<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    item: Record<string, unknown>,
+    parentPath: string[] = [],
+    identificationPath: IdentificationPath = ''
+  ): QueryClause {
+    if (!item) {
+      return {};
+    }
+    const clauses: QueryClause[] = [];
+
+    let index = 0;
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(item)) {
+      index += 1;
+      const currentPath = [...parentPath, key];
+      const isPlainObject = DataUtil.isPlainObject(value);
+      const firstKey = isPlainObject ? Object.keys(value)[0] : '';
+
+      const nextIdentificationPath = `${identificationPath}__${index}`;
+
+      if (isPlainObject) {
+        if (firstKey.startsWith('$')) {
+          clauses.push(this.#compileOperator(tableContext, currentPath, value as Record<string, unknown>, nextIdentificationPath));
+        } else {
+          clauses.push(this.#compileSimple(tableContext, value as Record<string, unknown>, currentPath, nextIdentificationPath));
+        }
+      } else {
+        clauses.push(this.#compileOperator(tableContext, currentPath, { $eq: value }, nextIdentificationPath));
+      }
+    }
+
+    return AbstractANSI99Dialect.#combineResults(clauses, 'AND');
+  }
+
+  #compileOperator<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    path: string[],
+    operation: Record<string, unknown>,
+    identificationPath: IdentificationPath = ''
+  ): QueryClause {
+    const resolvedContext = this.resolvePath(tableContext, path, 'read');
+    const { sqlPath, leafField, arrayField } = resolvedContext;
+    const effectiveArrayField = leafField?.array ? leafField : arrayField;
+    const clauses: QueryClause[] = [];
+
+    let index = 0;
+    for (let [operator, value] of Object.entries(operation)) {
+      index += 1;
+
+      if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+        value = value.map(valueItem => ModelQueryUtil.resolveComparator(valueItem));
+      } else {
+        value = ModelQueryUtil.resolveComparator(value);
+      }
+
+      const nestedIdentificationPath = `${identificationPath}_${index}`;
+      const identifier = `%%${nestedIdentificationPath}%%`;
+
+      let clause: QueryClause;
+
+      if (effectiveArrayField) {
+        if (operator === '$eq' || operator === '$ne') {
+          const { sql, formatted } = this.compileArrayEquals(resolvedContext, identifier, value);
+          const finalSql = operator === '$ne' ? `NOT(${sql})` : sql;
+          clause = { parameters: { [identifier]: formatted }, sql: finalSql };
+        } else if (operator === '$in' || operator === '$nin') {
+          if (!Array.isArray(value) || value.length === 0) {
+            clause = operator === '$in' ? { sql: '1=0' } : {};
+          } else {
+            const { sql, formatted } = this.compileArrayAny(resolvedContext, identifier, value);
+            const finalSql = operator === '$nin' ? `NOT(${sql})` : sql;
+            clause = { sql: finalSql, parameters: { [identifier]: formatted } };
+          }
+        } else if (operator === '$all') {
+          if (!Array.isArray(value) || value.length === 0) {
+            clause = { sql: '1=0' };
+          } else {
+            const { sql, formatted } = this.compileArrayAll(resolvedContext, identifier, value);
+            clause = { sql, parameters: { [identifier]: formatted } };
+          }
+        } else if (operator === '$exists') {
+          const { sql } = this.compileArrayExists(resolvedContext, identifier);
+          const finalSql = !value ? `NOT(${sql})` : sql;
+          clause = { sql: finalSql };
+        } else if (operator === '$regex') {
+          const { sql, formatted } = this.compileArrayRegex(resolvedContext, identifier, value as RegExp | string);
+          clause = { sql, parameters: { [identifier]: formatted } };
+        } else {
+          throw new RuntimeError(`Operator "${operator}" is not supported for arrays`, { category: 'data' });
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (operator === '$eq') {
+          if (value === null || value === undefined) {
+            clause = { sql: `${sqlPath} IS NULL` };
+          } else {
+            clause = {
+              sql: `${sqlPath} = ${identifier}`,
+              parameters: { [identifier]: value }
+            };
+          }
+        } else if (operator === '$ne') {
+          if (value === null || value === undefined) {
+            clause = { sql: `${sqlPath} IS NOT NULL` };
+          } else {
+            clause = {
+              sql: `${sqlPath} <> ${identifier}`,
+              parameters: { [identifier]: value }
+            };
+          }
+        } else if (operator === '$gt' || operator === '$gte' || operator === '$lt' || operator === '$lte') {
+          const sqlOperator = operator === '$gt' ? '>' : operator === '$gte' ? '>=' : operator === '$lt' ? '<' : '<=';
+          clause = {
+            sql: `${sqlPath} ${sqlOperator} ${identifier}`,
+            parameters: { [identifier]: value }
+          };
+        } else if (operator === '$in') {
+          if (!Array.isArray(value) || value.length === 0) {
+            clause = { sql: '1=0' };
+          } else {
+            const choices = value.map((valueItem, itemIndex) => {
+              const innerIdentifier = `%%${nestedIdentificationPath}_${itemIndex}%%`;
+              return [innerIdentifier, valueItem];
+            });
+            clause = {
+              sql: `${sqlPath} IN (${choices.map(choice => choice[0]).join(', ')})`,
+              parameters: Object.fromEntries(choices)
+            };
+          }
+        } else if (operator === '$nin') {
+          if (!Array.isArray(value) || value.length === 0) {
+            clause = {};
+          } else {
+            const choices = value.map((valueItem, itemIndex) => {
+              const innerIdentifier = `%%${nestedIdentificationPath}_${itemIndex}%%`;
+              return [innerIdentifier, valueItem];
+            });
+            clause = {
+              sql: `${sqlPath} NOT IN (${choices.map(choice => choice[0]).join(', ')})`,
+              parameters: Object.fromEntries(choices)
+            };
+          }
+        } else if (operator === '$exists') {
+          clause = { sql: value ? `${sqlPath} IS NOT NULL` : `${sqlPath} IS NULL` };
+        } else if (operator === '$regex') {
+          const regex = value instanceof RegExp ? value : new RegExp(String(value));
+          const caseInsensitive = regex.flags.includes('i');
+          const regexOp = this.getRegexOperator(caseInsensitive);
+          const regexSource = this.formatRegex(regex.source, caseInsensitive);
+          clause = {
+            parameters: { [identifier]: regexSource },
+            sql: `${sqlPath} ${regexOp} ${identifier}`
+          };
+        } else {
+          throw new RuntimeError(`Operator "${operator}" is not supported for scalar columns`, { category: 'data' });
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (clause) {
+        clauses.push(clause);
+      }
+    }
+    return AbstractANSI99Dialect.#combineResults(clauses, 'AND');
+  }
+
+  // Statement Builders
+  buildInsert<T extends ModelType>(tableContext: TableContext<T>, rawItem: Record<string, unknown>): { sql: string; values: unknown[] } {
+    return this.buildInsertAll(tableContext, [rawItem]);
+  }
+
+  buildInsertAll<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    rawItems: Record<string, unknown>[]
+  ): { sql: string; values: unknown[] } {
+    if (rawItems.length === 0) {
+      return { sql: '', values: [] };
+    }
+
+    const columns: string[] = [];
+    for (const field of tableContext.simpleFields.values()) {
+      columns.push(this.escapeIdentifier(field.name));
+    }
+    for (const field of tableContext.complexFields.values()) {
+      columns.push(this.escapeIdentifier(field.name));
+    }
+
+    const values: unknown[] = [];
+    const valueTuples: string[] = [];
+
+    for (const rawItem of rawItems) {
+      const tuplePlaceholders: string[] = [];
+      for (const field of tableContext.simpleFields.values()) {
+        tuplePlaceholders.push(this.getPlaceholder(values.length + 1));
+        const value = rawItem[field.name];
+        values.push(value === undefined || value === null ? null : value);
+      }
+
+      for (const field of tableContext.complexFields.values()) {
+        tuplePlaceholders.push(this.getPlaceholder(values.length + 1));
+        const value = rawItem[field.name];
+        values.push(this.getComplexColumnValue(field, value));
+      }
+
+      valueTuples.push(`(${tuplePlaceholders.join(', ')})`);
+    }
+
+    const sql = `INSERT INTO ${this.escapeIdentifier(tableContext.tableName)} (${columns.join(', ')}) VALUES ${valueTuples.join(', ')};`;
+
+    return { sql, values };
+  }
+
+  buildUpdateAll<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    rawItems: Record<string, unknown>[]
+  ): { sql: string; values: unknown[] } {
+    if (rawItems.length === 0) {
+      return { sql: '', values: [] };
+    }
+
+    if (rawItems.length === 1) {
+      const { whereSQL, parameters = [] } = this.compileWhere(tableContext, castTo({ id: rawItems[0].id }));
+      return this.buildUpdate(tableContext, rawItems[0], whereSQL, parameters);
+    }
+
+    const simpleFieldsToUpdate = [...tableContext.simpleFields.values()].filter(field => field.name !== 'id');
+    const complexFieldsToUpdate = [...tableContext.complexFields.values()];
+
+    const setClauses: string[] = [];
+    const values: unknown[] = [];
+
+    const ids = rawItems.map(item => item.id);
+
+    for (const field of simpleFieldsToUpdate) {
+      const cases: string[] = [];
+      for (const rawItem of rawItems) {
+        const idPlaceholder = this.getPlaceholder(values.length + 1);
+        values.push(rawItem.id);
+        const valPlaceholder = this.getPlaceholder(values.length + 1);
+        const val = rawItem[field.name];
+        values.push(val === undefined || val === null ? null : val);
+        cases.push(`WHEN ${idPlaceholder} THEN ${valPlaceholder}`);
+      }
+      setClauses.push(`${this.escapeIdentifier(field.name)} = CASE ${this.escapeIdentifier('id')} ${cases.join(' ')} END`);
+    }
+
+    for (const field of complexFieldsToUpdate) {
+      const cases: string[] = [];
+      for (const rawItem of rawItems) {
+        const idPlaceholder = this.getPlaceholder(values.length + 1);
+        values.push(rawItem.id);
+        const valPlaceholder = this.getPlaceholder(values.length + 1);
+        const val = rawItem[field.name];
+        values.push(this.getComplexColumnValue(field, val));
+        cases.push(`WHEN ${idPlaceholder} THEN ${valPlaceholder}`);
+      }
+      setClauses.push(`${this.escapeIdentifier(field.name)} = CASE ${this.escapeIdentifier('id')} ${cases.join(' ')} END`);
+    }
+
+    if (setClauses.length === 0) {
+      setClauses.push(`${this.escapeIdentifier('id')} = ${this.escapeIdentifier('id')}`);
+    }
+
+    const whereIdPlaceholders = ids.map(idVal => {
+      values.push(idVal);
+      return this.getPlaceholder(values.length);
+    });
+
+    const tableName = this.escapeIdentifier(tableContext.tableName);
+    const sql = `UPDATE ${tableName} SET ${setClauses.join(', ')} WHERE ${this.escapeIdentifier('id')} IN (${whereIdPlaceholders.join(', ')});`;
+
+    return { sql, values };
+  }
+
+  buildUpdate<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    rawItem: Record<string, unknown>,
+    whereSQL?: string,
+    whereParameters: unknown[] = []
+  ): { sql: string; values: unknown[] } {
+    const sets: string[] = [];
+    const values: unknown[] = [];
+
+    for (const field of tableContext.simpleFields.values()) {
+      if (field.name === 'id') {
+        continue;
+      }
+      sets.push(`${this.escapeIdentifier(field.name)} = ${this.getPlaceholder(values.length + 1)}`);
+      const value = rawItem[field.name];
+      values.push(value === undefined || value === null ? null : value);
+    }
+
+    for (const field of tableContext.complexFields.values()) {
+      sets.push(`${this.escapeIdentifier(field.name)} = ${this.getPlaceholder(values.length + 1)}`);
+      const value = rawItem[field.name];
+      values.push(this.getComplexColumnValue(field, value));
+    }
+
+    const shiftedWhereSQL = whereSQL && this.shiftPlaceholders ? this.shiftPlaceholders(whereSQL, values.length) : whereSQL;
+    if (whereSQL) {
+      values.push(...whereParameters);
+    }
+
+    const sql = `UPDATE ${this.escapeIdentifier(tableContext.tableName)} SET ${sets.join(', ')}${shiftedWhereSQL ? ` WHERE ${shiftedWhereSQL}` : ''};`;
+    return { sql, values };
+  }
+
+  #buildUpdateSets<T extends ModelType>(tableContext: TableContext<T>, preparedData: Partial<T>): { sets: string[]; values: unknown[] } {
+    const sets: string[] = [];
+    const values: unknown[] = [];
+
+    for (const [fieldName, value] of Object.entries(preparedData)) {
+      const simpleField = tableContext.simpleFields.get(fieldName);
+      if (simpleField) {
+        sets.push(`${this.escapeIdentifier(fieldName)} = ${this.getPlaceholder(values.length + 1)}`);
+        values.push(value === undefined || value === null ? null : value);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const complexField = tableContext.complexFields.get(fieldName);
+      if (complexField) {
+        sets.push(`${this.escapeIdentifier(fieldName)} = ${this.getPlaceholder(values.length + 1)}`);
+        values.push(this.getComplexColumnValue(complexField, value));
+      }
+    }
+
+    return { sets, values };
+  }
+
+  compilePartialUpdate<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    preparedData: Partial<T>
+  ): { sets: string[]; values: unknown[] } {
+    return this.#buildUpdateSets(tableContext, preparedData);
+  }
+
+  buildPartialUpdate<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    preparedData: Partial<T>,
+    whereSQL?: string,
+    whereParameters: unknown[] = [],
+    returning = false
+  ): { sql: string; values: unknown[] } {
+    const { sets, values } = this.#buildUpdateSets(tableContext, preparedData);
+
+    const shiftedWhereSQL = whereSQL && this.shiftPlaceholders ? this.shiftPlaceholders(whereSQL, values.length) : whereSQL;
+    if (whereSQL) {
+      values.push(...whereParameters);
+    }
+
+    const returningClause = returning && this.returningSupport ? ' RETURNING *' : '';
+    const sql = `UPDATE ${this.escapeIdentifier(tableContext.tableName)} SET ${sets.join(', ')}${shiftedWhereSQL ? ` WHERE ${shiftedWhereSQL}` : ''}${returningClause};`;
+
+    return { sql, values };
+  }
+
+  buildUpsert<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    rawItem: Record<string, unknown>,
+    conflictTarget: string[]
+  ): { sql: string; values: unknown[] } {
+    const columns: string[] = [];
+    const values: unknown[] = [];
+    const updates: string[] = [];
+
+    for (const field of tableContext.simpleFields.values()) {
+      columns.push(this.escapeIdentifier(field.name));
+      const value = rawItem[field.name];
+      values.push(value === undefined || value === null ? null : value);
+      if (field.name !== 'id') {
+        updates.push(`${this.escapeIdentifier(field.name)} = EXCLUDED.${this.escapeIdentifier(field.name)}`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const field of tableContext.complexFields.values()) {
+      columns.push(this.escapeIdentifier(field.name));
+      const value = rawItem[field.name];
+      values.push(this.getComplexColumnValue(field, value));
+      updates.push(`${this.escapeIdentifier(field.name)} = EXCLUDED.${this.escapeIdentifier(field.name)}`);
+    }
+
+    const placeholders = columns.map((_, index) => this.getPlaceholder(index + 1));
+    const sql = this.getUpsertSQL(tableContext, columns, placeholders, conflictTarget, updates);
+
+    return { sql, values };
+  }
+
+  buildSelect<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    options?: {
+      whereSQL?: string;
+      sortSQL?: string;
+      limit?: number;
+      offset?: number | string;
+      columns?: string[];
+    }
+  ): string {
+    const selectedColumns = options?.columns && options.columns.length > 0 ? options.columns.join(', ') : '*';
+    const where = options?.whereSQL ? ` WHERE ${options.whereSQL}` : '';
+    const sort = options?.sortSQL ? ` ${options.sortSQL}` : '';
+    const limit = options?.limit !== undefined ? ` LIMIT ${options.limit}` : '';
+    const offset = options?.offset !== undefined ? ` OFFSET ${options.offset}` : '';
+
+    return `SELECT ${selectedColumns} FROM ${this.escapeIdentifier(tableContext.tableName)}${where}${sort}${limit}${offset};`;
+  }
+
+  buildDelete<T extends ModelType>(tableContext: TableContext<T>, whereSQL?: string): string {
+    return `DELETE FROM ${this.escapeIdentifier(tableContext.tableName)}${whereSQL ? ` WHERE ${whereSQL}` : ''};`;
+  }
+
+  buildCount<T extends ModelType>(tableContext: TableContext<T>, whereSQL?: string): string {
+    return `SELECT COUNT(*) as ${this.escapeIdentifier('total')} FROM ${this.escapeIdentifier(tableContext.tableName)}${whereSQL ? ` WHERE ${whereSQL}` : ''};`;
+  }
+
+  buildIndexSort<T extends ModelType>(
+    tableContext: TableContext<T>,
+    indexConfig: { sortTemplate: { path: string[]; value: number }[] }
+  ): string {
+    const sortClauses = indexConfig.sortTemplate.map(({ path, value }) => {
+      const expression = this.compileIndexPath(tableContext, path, 'orderBy');
+      return `${expression} ${value === -1 ? 'DESC' : 'ASC'}`;
+    });
+    return sortClauses.length ? `ORDER BY ${sortClauses.join(', ')}` : '';
+  }
+
+  buildFacet<T extends ModelType>(tableContext: TableContext<T>, sqlPath: string, whereSQL?: string): string {
+    const keySql = this.castColumn?.(sqlPath, String) ?? sqlPath;
+    const countSql = this.castColumn?.('COUNT(*)', Number) ?? 'COUNT(*)';
+    const where = whereSQL ? ` AND ${whereSQL}` : '';
+
+    return `SELECT ${keySql} AS ${this.escapeIdentifier('key')}, ${countSql} AS ${this.escapeIdentifier('count')} FROM ${this.escapeIdentifier(tableContext.tableName)} WHERE ${sqlPath} IS NOT NULL${where} GROUP BY ${sqlPath} ORDER BY ${this.escapeIdentifier('count')} DESC;`;
+  }
+}