@tracecode/harness 0.6.5 → 0.7.0-beta7

package/workers/java/src/tracecode/browser/BrowserCompileAndTraceLibrary.java

@@ -0,0 +1,714 @@
+package tracecode.browser;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLClassLoader;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import javax.tools.JavaCompiler;
+import javax.tools.StandardJavaFileManager;
+import javax.tools.StandardLocation;
+import javax.tools.ToolProvider;
+import tracecode.user.TraceHooks;
+
+public final class BrowserCompileAndTraceLibrary {
+  private static final String RUN_CACHE_VERSION = "tracecode-java-run-v1";
+
+  private BrowserCompileAndTraceLibrary() {}
+
+  public static String compileAndTrace(
+      String sourcePath,
+      String classesDir,
+      String entryClass,
+      String compileClasspath,
+      String compilerProfile
+  ) throws Exception {
+    return compileAndTrace(sourcePath, classesDir, entryClass, compileClasspath, compilerProfile, 50000);
+  }
+
+  public static String compileAndTrace(
+      String sourcePath,
+      String classesDir,
+      String entryClass,
+      String compileClasspath,
+      String compilerProfile,
+      String maxStoredEvents
+  ) throws Exception {
+    int parsedMaxEvents;
+    try {
+      parsedMaxEvents = Integer.parseInt(maxStoredEvents);
+    } catch (Exception ignored) {
+      parsedMaxEvents = 50000;
+    }
+    return compileAndTrace(sourcePath, classesDir, entryClass, compileClasspath, compilerProfile, parsedMaxEvents);
+  }
+
+  public static String compileAndTrace(
+      String sourcePath,
+      String classesDir,
+      String entryClass,
+      String compileClasspath,
+      String compilerProfile,
+      int maxStoredEvents
+  ) throws Exception {
+    Path sourceFile = Paths.get(sourcePath);
+    Path classesPath = Paths.get(classesDir);
+    Files.createDirectories(classesPath);
+
+    String source = Files.readString(sourceFile, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    String compilerDebugArg = compilerDebugArgForProfile(compilerProfile);
+    String cacheKey = hashSource(source, compileClasspath, entryClass, compilerDebugArg);
+    Path cacheKeyPath = classesPath.resolve(".tracecode-cache-key");
+
+    StringWriter compilerStdout = new StringWriter();
+    StringWriter compilerStderr = new StringWriter();
+    PrintWriter compilerStdoutWriter = new PrintWriter(compilerStdout, true);
+    PrintWriter compilerStderrWriter = new PrintWriter(compilerStderr, true);
+
+    long compileStart = System.nanoTime();
+    boolean compiled;
+    boolean compileCacheHit = false;
+    if (canReuseCompiledClasses(classesPath, cacheKeyPath, cacheKey, entryClass)) {
+      compiled = true;
+      compileCacheHit = true;
+    } else {
+      resetDirectory(classesPath);
+      compiled = compileSource(
+          sourcePath,
+          classesDir,
+          compileClasspath,
+          compilerDebugArg,
+          compilerStdoutWriter,
+          compilerStderrWriter);
+      if (compiled) {
+        Files.writeString(cacheKeyPath, cacheKey, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      }
+    }
+    long compileEnd = System.nanoTime();
+
+    long classLoadStart = System.nanoTime();
+    long classLoadEnd = classLoadStart;
+    long runStart = 0;
+    long runEnd = 0;
+    Object output = null;
+    String runtimeError = null;
+    List<String> events = new ArrayList<>();
+    boolean success = compiled;
+
+    if (compiled) {
+      TraceHooks.reset(maxStoredEvents);
+      try (URLClassLoader loader = new URLClassLoader(
+          new URL[] { classesPath.toUri().toURL() },
+          BrowserCompileAndTraceLibrary.class.getClassLoader())) {
+        Class<?> entry = Class.forName(entryClass, true, loader);
+        Method run = entry.getMethod("run");
+        run.setAccessible(true);
+        classLoadEnd = System.nanoTime();
+        runStart = System.nanoTime();
+        output = run.invoke(null);
+        runEnd = System.nanoTime();
+      } catch (InvocationTargetException error) {
+        Throwable cause = error.getCause() == null ? error : error.getCause();
+        runEnd = System.nanoTime();
+        runtimeError = stackTrace(cause);
+        success = false;
+      } catch (Throwable error) {
+        long end = System.nanoTime();
+        if (runStart == 0) {
+          classLoadEnd = end;
+        } else {
+          runEnd = end;
+        }
+        runtimeError = stackTrace(error);
+        success = false;
+      } finally {
+        events = TraceHooks.drainEvents();
+      }
+    } else {
+      runtimeError = null;
+    }
+
+    return buildTraceReportJson(
+        success,
+        output == null ? null : String.valueOf(output),
+        events,
+        compilerStdout.toString(),
+        compilerStderr.toString(),
+        runtimeError,
+        millisBetween(compileStart, compileEnd),
+        millisBetween(classLoadStart, classLoadEnd),
+        runStart == 0 ? 0 : millisBetween(runStart, runEnd),
+        compileCacheHit,
+        compilerProfile,
+        TraceHooks.traceLimitExceeded(),
+        TraceHooks.droppedEventCount());
+  }
+
+  public static String compileAndRun(
+      String sourcePath,
+      String classesDir,
+      String entryClass,
+      String compileClasspath,
+      String compilerProfile
+  ) throws Exception {
+    Path sourceFile = Paths.get(sourcePath);
+    Path classesPath = Paths.get(classesDir);
+    Files.createDirectories(classesPath);
+
+    String source = Files.readString(sourceFile, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    String compilerDebugArg = compilerDebugArgForProfile(compilerProfile);
+    String cacheKey = hashSource(source, compileClasspath, entryClass, compilerDebugArg);
+    Path cacheKeyPath = classesPath.resolve(".tracecode-run-cache-key");
+
+    StringWriter compilerStdout = new StringWriter();
+    StringWriter compilerStderr = new StringWriter();
+    PrintWriter compilerStdoutWriter = new PrintWriter(compilerStdout, true);
+    PrintWriter compilerStderrWriter = new PrintWriter(compilerStderr, true);
+
+    long compileStart = System.nanoTime();
+    boolean compiled;
+    boolean compileCacheHit = false;
+    if (canReuseCompiledClasses(classesPath, cacheKeyPath, cacheKey, entryClass)) {
+      compiled = true;
+      compileCacheHit = true;
+    } else {
+      resetDirectory(classesPath);
+      compiled = compileSource(
+          sourcePath,
+          classesDir,
+          compileClasspath,
+          compilerDebugArg,
+          compilerStdoutWriter,
+          compilerStderrWriter);
+      if (compiled) {
+        Files.writeString(cacheKeyPath, cacheKey, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      }
+    }
+    long compileEnd = System.nanoTime();
+
+    if (!compiled) {
+      return buildRunReportJson(
+          false,
+          null,
+          compilerStdout.toString(),
+          compilerStderr.toString(),
+          null,
+          millisBetween(compileStart, compileEnd),
+          0,
+          0,
+          compileCacheHit,
+          compilerProfile);
+    }
+
+    long classLoadStart = System.nanoTime();
+    long classLoadEnd = classLoadStart;
+    long runStart = 0;
+    long runEnd = 0;
+    try (URLClassLoader loader = new URLClassLoader(
+        new URL[] { classesPath.toUri().toURL() },
+        BrowserCompileAndTraceLibrary.class.getClassLoader())) {
+      Class<?> entry = Class.forName(entryClass, true, loader);
+      Method run = entry.getMethod("run");
+      run.setAccessible(true);
+      classLoadEnd = System.nanoTime();
+      runStart = System.nanoTime();
+      Object output = run.invoke(null);
+      runEnd = System.nanoTime();
+      return buildRunReportJson(
+          true,
+          String.valueOf(output),
+          compilerStdout.toString(),
+          compilerStderr.toString(),
+          null,
+          millisBetween(compileStart, compileEnd),
+          millisBetween(classLoadStart, classLoadEnd),
+          millisBetween(runStart, runEnd),
+          compileCacheHit,
+          compilerProfile);
+    } catch (InvocationTargetException error) {
+      Throwable cause = error.getCause() == null ? error : error.getCause();
+      runEnd = System.nanoTime();
+      return buildRunReportJson(
+          false,
+          null,
+          compilerStdout.toString(),
+          compilerStderr.toString(),
+          stackTrace(cause),
+          millisBetween(compileStart, compileEnd),
+          millisBetween(classLoadStart, classLoadEnd),
+          runStart == 0 ? 0 : millisBetween(runStart, runEnd),
+          compileCacheHit,
+          compilerProfile);
+    } catch (Throwable error) {
+      long end = System.nanoTime();
+      if (runStart == 0) {
+        classLoadEnd = end;
+      } else {
+        runEnd = end;
+      }
+      return buildRunReportJson(
+          false,
+          null,
+          compilerStdout.toString(),
+          compilerStderr.toString(),
+          stackTrace(error),
+          millisBetween(compileStart, compileEnd),
+          millisBetween(classLoadStart, classLoadEnd),
+          runStart == 0 ? 0 : millisBetween(runStart, runEnd),
+          compileCacheHit,
+          compilerProfile);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static String compileAndRunBatch(
+      String sourcePath,
+      String classesDir,
+      String entryClasses,
+      String compileClasspath,
+      String compilerProfile
+  ) throws Exception {
+    List<String> entries = splitEntryClasses(entryClasses);
+    if (entries.isEmpty()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("compileAndRunBatch requires at least one entry class");
+    }
+
+    Path sourceFile = Paths.get(sourcePath);
+    Path classesPath = Paths.get(classesDir);
+    Files.createDirectories(classesPath);
+
+    String source = Files.readString(sourceFile, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    String compilerDebugArg = compilerDebugArgForProfile(compilerProfile);
+    String cacheKey = hashSource(source, compileClasspath, String.join("\n", entries), compilerDebugArg);
+    Path cacheKeyPath = classesPath.resolve(".tracecode-run-cache-key");
+
+    StringWriter compilerStdout = new StringWriter();
+    StringWriter compilerStderr = new StringWriter();
+    PrintWriter compilerStdoutWriter = new PrintWriter(compilerStdout, true);
+    PrintWriter compilerStderrWriter = new PrintWriter(compilerStderr, true);
+
+    long compileStart = System.nanoTime();
+    boolean compiled;
+    boolean compileCacheHit = false;
+    if (canReuseCompiledClasses(classesPath, cacheKeyPath, cacheKey, entries)) {
+      compiled = true;
+      compileCacheHit = true;
+    } else {
+      resetDirectory(classesPath);
+      compiled = compileSource(
+          sourcePath,
+          classesDir,
+          compileClasspath,
+          compilerDebugArg,
+          compilerStdoutWriter,
+          compilerStderrWriter);
+      if (compiled) {
+        Files.writeString(cacheKeyPath, cacheKey, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      }
+    }
+    long compileEnd = System.nanoTime();
+
+    List<String> resultJson = new ArrayList<>();
+    boolean success = compiled;
+    if (compiled) {
+      for (String entry : entries) {
+        InvocationReport result = runEntryClass(classesPath, entry);
+        if (!result.success) success = false;
+        resultJson.add(buildInvocationReportJson(result));
+      }
+    }
+
+    return buildRunBatchReportJson(
+        success,
+        resultJson,
+        compilerStdout.toString(),
+        compilerStderr.toString(),
+        compiled ? null : "Java compilation failed",
+        millisBetween(compileStart, compileEnd),
+        compileCacheHit,
+        compilerProfile);
+  }
+
+  private static boolean compileSource(
+      String sourcePath,
+      String classesDir,
+      String compileClasspath,
+      String compilerDebugArg,
+      PrintWriter compilerStdout,
+      PrintWriter compilerStderr
+  ) throws Exception {
+    List<String> javacArgs = new ArrayList<>();
+    javacArgs.add(compilerDebugArg);
+    javacArgs.add("-d");
+    javacArgs.add(classesDir);
+    if (compileClasspath != null && !compileClasspath.isEmpty()) {
+      javacArgs.add("-classpath");
+      javacArgs.add(compileClasspath);
+    }
+    javacArgs.add(sourcePath);
+
+    JavaCompiler compiler = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler();
+    if (compiler == null) {
+      return compileWithBundledJavac(javacArgs.toArray(new String[0]), compilerStderr);
+    }
+
+    List<String> options = new ArrayList<>();
+    options.add("--release");
+    options.add("17");
+    options.addAll(javacArgs);
+    options.remove(options.size() - 1);
+
+    try (StandardJavaFileManager fileManager = compiler.getStandardFileManager(null, null, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
+      fileManager.setLocationFromPaths(StandardLocation.CLASS_OUTPUT, List.of(Paths.get(classesDir)));
+      Iterable<? extends javax.tools.JavaFileObject> units =
+          fileManager.getJavaFileObjectsFromStrings(List.of(sourcePath));
+      return Boolean.TRUE.equals(
+          compiler.getTask(compilerStdout, fileManager, null, options, null, units).call());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static boolean compileWithBundledJavac(String[] args, PrintWriter compilerStderr) throws Exception {
+    Class<?> javacMain = Class.forName("com.sun.tools.javac.Main");
+    Method compile = javacMain.getMethod("compile", String[].class, PrintWriter.class);
+    Object result = compile.invoke(null, args, compilerStderr);
+    if (!(result instanceof Integer)) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Bundled javac returned an unexpected result");
+    }
+    return ((Integer) result).intValue() == 0;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean canReuseCompiledClasses(
+      Path classesDir,
+      Path cacheKeyPath,
+      String cacheKey,
+      String entryClass
+  ) throws IOException {
+    return canReuseCompiledClasses(classesDir, cacheKeyPath, cacheKey, List.of(entryClass));
+  }
+
+  private static boolean canReuseCompiledClasses(
+      Path classesDir,
+      Path cacheKeyPath,
+      String cacheKey,
+      List<String> entryClasses
+  ) throws IOException {
+    if (!Files.exists(cacheKeyPath)) return false;
+    for (String entryClass : entryClasses) {
+      Path classFile = classesDir.resolve(entryClass.replace('.', '/') + ".class");
+      if (!Files.exists(classFile)) return false;
+    }
+    return cacheKey.equals(Files.readString(cacheKeyPath, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+  }
+
+  private static void resetDirectory(Path dir) throws IOException {
+    if (!Files.exists(dir)) {
+      Files.createDirectories(dir);
+      return;
+    }
+    try (Stream<Path> stream = Files.walk(dir)) {
+      stream
+          .sorted((left, right) -> right.getNameCount() - left.getNameCount())
+          .filter(path -> !path.equals(dir))
+          .forEach(path -> {
+            try {
+              Files.deleteIfExists(path);
+            } catch (IOException error) {
+              throw new RuntimeException(error);
+            }
+          });
+    } catch (RuntimeException error) {
+      if (error.getCause() instanceof IOException) throw (IOException) error.getCause();
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static String hashSource(
+      String source,
+      String compileClasspath,
+      String entryClass,
+      String compilerDebugArg
+  ) throws Exception {
+    MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
+    updateDigest(digest, RUN_CACHE_VERSION);
+    updateDigest(digest, source);
+    updateDigest(digest, compileClasspath == null ? "" : compileClasspath);
+    updateDigest(digest, entryClass == null ? "" : entryClass);
+    updateDigest(digest, compilerDebugArg == null ? "" : compilerDebugArg);
+    byte[] bytes = digest.digest();
+    StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 2);
+    for (byte value : bytes) {
+      out.append(Character.forDigit((value >> 4) & 0xf, 16));
+      out.append(Character.forDigit(value & 0xf, 16));
+    }
+    return out.toString();
+  }
+
+  private static void updateDigest(MessageDigest digest, String value) {
+    digest.update((byte) 0);
+    digest.update(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+  }
+
+  private static String compilerDebugArgForProfile(String profile) {
+    if ("none".equals(profile)) return "-g:none";
+    if ("lines".equals(profile)) return "-g:source,lines";
+    return "-g";
+  }
+
+  private static long millisBetween(long start, long end) {
+    return Math.max(0, (end - start) / 1_000_000L);
+  }
+
+  private static String buildRunReportJson(
+      boolean success,
+      String output,
+      String compilerStdout,
+      String compilerStderr,
+      String runtimeError,
+      long compileTimeMs,
+      long classLoadTimeMs,
+      long runTimeMs,
+      boolean compileCacheHit,
+      String compilerProfile
+  ) {
+    StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
+    out.append('{');
+    out.append("\"success\":").append(success);
+    if (output != null) {
+      out.append(",\"output\":").append(quote(output));
+    }
+    out.append(",\"compilerStdout\":").append(quote(compilerStdout == null ? "" : compilerStdout));
+    out.append(",\"compilerStderr\":").append(quote(compilerStderr == null ? "" : compilerStderr));
+    out.append(",\"compileTimeMs\":").append(compileTimeMs);
+    out.append(",\"classLoadTimeMs\":").append(classLoadTimeMs);
+    out.append(",\"runTimeMs\":").append(runTimeMs);
+    out.append(",\"compileCacheHit\":").append(compileCacheHit);
+    out.append(",\"compilerDebugProfile\":").append(quote(compilerProfile == null ? "" : compilerProfile));
+    if (runtimeError != null) {
+      out.append(",\"runtimeError\":").append(quote(runtimeError));
+    }
+    out.append('}');
+    return out.toString();
+  }
+
+  private static String buildRunBatchReportJson(
+      boolean success,
+      List<String> results,
+      String compilerStdout,
+      String compilerStderr,
+      String runtimeError,
+      long compileTimeMs,
+      boolean compileCacheHit,
+      String compilerProfile
+  ) {
+    StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
+    out.append('{');
+    out.append("\"success\":").append(success);
+    out.append(",\"results\":[");
+    for (int index = 0; index < results.size(); index++) {
+      if (index > 0) out.append(',');
+      out.append(results.get(index));
+    }
+    out.append(']');
+    out.append(",\"compilerStdout\":").append(quote(compilerStdout == null ? "" : compilerStdout));
+    out.append(",\"compilerStderr\":").append(quote(compilerStderr == null ? "" : compilerStderr));
+    out.append(",\"compileTimeMs\":").append(compileTimeMs);
+    out.append(",\"compileCacheHit\":").append(compileCacheHit);
+    out.append(",\"compilerDebugProfile\":").append(quote(compilerProfile == null ? "" : compilerProfile));
+    if (runtimeError != null) {
+      out.append(",\"runtimeError\":").append(quote(runtimeError));
+    }
+    out.append('}');
+    return out.toString();
+  }
+
+  private static String buildTraceReportJson(
+      boolean success,
+      String output,
+      List<String> events,
+      String compilerStdout,
+      String compilerStderr,
+      String runtimeError,
+      long compileTimeMs,
+      long classLoadTimeMs,
+      long runTimeMs,
+      boolean compileCacheHit,
+      String compilerProfile,
+      boolean traceLimitExceeded,
+      int droppedEventCount
+  ) {
+    StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
+    out.append('{');
+    out.append("\"success\":").append(success);
+    if (output != null) {
+      out.append(",\"output\":").append(quote(output));
+    }
+    out.append(",\"events\":[");
+    for (int index = 0; index < events.size(); index++) {
+      if (index > 0) out.append(',');
+      out.append(quote(events.get(index)));
+    }
+    out.append(']');
+    out.append(",\"compilerStdout\":").append(quote(compilerStdout == null ? "" : compilerStdout));
+    out.append(",\"compilerStderr\":").append(quote(compilerStderr == null ? "" : compilerStderr));
+    out.append(",\"compileTimeMs\":").append(compileTimeMs);
+    out.append(",\"classLoadTimeMs\":").append(classLoadTimeMs);
+    out.append(",\"runTimeMs\":").append(runTimeMs);
+    out.append(",\"compileCacheHit\":").append(compileCacheHit);
+    out.append(",\"compilerDebugProfile\":").append(quote(compilerProfile == null ? "" : compilerProfile));
+    out.append(",\"traceLimitExceeded\":").append(traceLimitExceeded);
+    out.append(",\"droppedEventCount\":").append(droppedEventCount);
+    if (runtimeError != null) {
+      out.append(",\"runtimeError\":").append(quote(runtimeError));
+    }
+    out.append('}');
+    return out.toString();
+  }
+
+  private static String buildInvocationReportJson(InvocationReport result) {
+    StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
+    out.append('{');
+    out.append("\"success\":").append(result.success);
+    if (result.output != null) {
+      out.append(",\"output\":").append(quote(result.output));
+    }
+    out.append(",\"classLoadTimeMs\":").append(result.classLoadTimeMs);
+    out.append(",\"runTimeMs\":").append(result.runTimeMs);
+    if (result.runtimeError != null) {
+      out.append(",\"runtimeError\":").append(quote(result.runtimeError));
+    }
+    out.append('}');
+    return out.toString();
+  }
+
+  private static InvocationReport runEntryClass(Path classesPath, String entryClass) {
+    long classLoadStart = System.nanoTime();
+    long classLoadEnd = classLoadStart;
+    long runStart = 0;
+    long runEnd = 0;
+    try (URLClassLoader loader = new URLClassLoader(
+        new URL[] { classesPath.toUri().toURL() },
+        BrowserCompileAndTraceLibrary.class.getClassLoader())) {
+      Class<?> entry = Class.forName(entryClass, true, loader);
+      Method run = entry.getMethod("run");
+      run.setAccessible(true);
+      classLoadEnd = System.nanoTime();
+      runStart = System.nanoTime();
+      Object output = run.invoke(null);
+      runEnd = System.nanoTime();
+      return new InvocationReport(
+          true,
+          String.valueOf(output),
+          null,
+          millisBetween(classLoadStart, classLoadEnd),
+          millisBetween(runStart, runEnd));
+    } catch (InvocationTargetException error) {
+      Throwable cause = error.getCause() == null ? error : error.getCause();
+      runEnd = System.nanoTime();
+      return new InvocationReport(
+          false,
+          null,
+          stackTrace(cause),
+          millisBetween(classLoadStart, classLoadEnd),
+          runStart == 0 ? 0 : millisBetween(runStart, runEnd));
+    } catch (Throwable error) {
+      long end = System.nanoTime();
+      if (runStart == 0) {
+        classLoadEnd = end;
+      } else {
+        runEnd = end;
+      }
+      return new InvocationReport(
+          false,
+          null,
+          stackTrace(error),
+          millisBetween(classLoadStart, classLoadEnd),
+          runStart == 0 ? 0 : millisBetween(runStart, runEnd));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static List<String> splitEntryClasses(String entryClasses) {
+    List<String> entries = new ArrayList<>();
+    if (entryClasses == null) return entries;
+    for (String entry : entryClasses.split("\\n")) {
+      String trimmed = entry.trim();
+      if (!trimmed.isEmpty()) entries.add(trimmed);
+    }
+    return entries;
+  }
+
+  private static final class InvocationReport {
+    final boolean success;
+    final String output;
+    final String runtimeError;
+    final long classLoadTimeMs;
+    final long runTimeMs;
+
+    InvocationReport(
+        boolean success,
+        String output,
+        String runtimeError,
+        long classLoadTimeMs,
+        long runTimeMs
+    ) {
+      this.success = success;
+      this.output = output;
+      this.runtimeError = runtimeError;
+      this.classLoadTimeMs = classLoadTimeMs;
+      this.runTimeMs = runTimeMs;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static String stackTrace(Throwable error) {
+    StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+    error.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(writer, true));
+    return writer.toString();
+  }
+
+  private static String quote(String value) {
+    StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(value.length() + 16);
+    out.append('"');
+    for (int index = 0; index < value.length(); index++) {
+      char ch = value.charAt(index);
+      switch (ch) {
+        case '\\':
+          out.append("\\\\");
+          break;
+        case '"':
+          out.append("\\\"");
+          break;
+        case '\n':
+          out.append("\\n");
+          break;
+        case '\r':
+          out.append("\\r");
+          break;
+        case '\t':
+          out.append("\\t");
+          break;
+        case '\b':
+          out.append("\\b");
+          break;
+        case '\f':
+          out.append("\\f");
+          break;
+        default:
+          if (ch < 32) {
+            out.append(String.format("\\u%04x", (int) ch));
+          } else {
+            out.append(ch);
+          }
+      }
+    }
+    out.append('"');
+    return out.toString();
+  }
+}