@totemsdk/core 1.0.0

package/src/wots.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,636 @@
+/**
+ * WOTS Implementation - BouncyCastle Compatible
+ * 
+ * This implementation matches BouncyCastle's WinternitzOTSignature exactly,
+ * which is used by Minima's Winternitz.java class.
+ * 
+ * Key differences from standard WOTS/WOTS+:
+ * - w=8 means 8 BITS per digit (not base-8), so each byte is one digit (0-255)
+ * - Stateful PRNG (GMSSRandom) for chain seed derivation, not stateless H(i||seed)
+ * - 34 total chains (32 message + 2 checksum), not 89
+ * - Each chain hashed up to 255 times (2^8 - 1)
+ * 
+ * Source: org.bouncycastle.pqc.crypto.gmss.util.{WinternitzOTSignature, WinternitzOTSVerify, GMSSRandom}
+ */
+
+import { sha3_256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha3';
+import { getParamSet, ParamSet } from "./params.js";
+import { deriveChainSeedJava } from "./javaStreamables.js";
+import type { LoggerAdapter } from "./adapters/index.js";
+import { NoopLogger } from "./adapters/index.js";
+
+// Module-level debug logger - can be set externally for parity testing
+let wotsLogger: LoggerAdapter = new NoopLogger();
+let wotsDebugEnabled = false;
+
+/**
+ * Enable WOTS debug logging with a custom logger
+ * Use this for parity testing to capture all intermediate values
+ * 
+ * WARNING: Debug logging outputs sensitive cryptographic material including
+ * private key chains and seeds. NEVER enable in production builds.
+ * This is intended for development/testing parity verification only.
+ */
+export function setWotsLogger(logger: LoggerAdapter): void {
+  wotsLogger = logger;
+  wotsDebugEnabled = true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Disable WOTS debug logging
+ */
+export function disableWotsLogger(): void {
+  wotsLogger = new NoopLogger();
+  wotsDebugEnabled = false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if WOTS debug logging is enabled
+ */
+export function isWotsDebugEnabled(): boolean {
+  return wotsDebugEnabled;
+}
+
+// === Canonical helpers ===
+export const F = (x: Uint8Array) => sha3_256(x);
+export const hex = (u: Uint8Array) => Buffer.from(u).toString('hex');
+export const fromHex = (h: string) => Uint8Array.from(Buffer.from(h.replace(/^0x/, ''), 'hex'));
+export const concatBytes = (...arrs: Uint8Array[]) => {
+  const len = arrs.reduce((n, a) => n + a.length, 0);
+  const out = new Uint8Array(len);
+  let o = 0; for (const a of arrs) { out.set(a, o); o += a.length; }
+  return out;
+};
+export const u16be = (n: number) => new Uint8Array([(n >>> 8) & 0xff, n & 0xff]);
+export const u32be = (n: number) => new Uint8Array([(n >>> 24)&255,(n>>>16)&255,(n>>>8)&255,n&255]);
+export function assert32(u: Uint8Array, label='value'){
+  if (!(u instanceof Uint8Array)) throw new Error(`${label} must be a Uint8Array`);
+  if (u.length !== 32) throw new Error(`${label} must be exactly 32 bytes; got ${u.length}`);
+}
+
+// Legacy aliases
+const u8 = (len: number) => new Uint8Array(len);
+export const h = F;
+const concat = concatBytes;
+
+const defaultParamSet = getParamSet();
+
+/**
+ * GMSSRandom - BouncyCastle's stateful PRNG for WOTS chain seed derivation
+ * 
+ * Algorithm from GMSSRandom.java:
+ *   rand = H(state)
+ *   state = state + rand + 1 (byte-wise addition with carry)
+ *   return rand
+ * 
+ * The state is MUTATED in place after each call.
+ */
+export class GMSSRandom {
+  /**
+   * Generate next random value and update state
+   * 
+   * @param state - 32-byte state array (MUTATED in place)
+   * @returns 32-byte random value
+   */
+  static nextSeed(state: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
+    assert32(state, 'state');
+    
+    // rand = H(state)
+    const rand = F(state);
+    
+    // state = state + rand (byte-wise addition with carry, little-endian)
+    GMSSRandom.addByteArrays(state, rand);
+    
+    // state = state + 1
+    GMSSRandom.addOne(state);
+    
+    return rand;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Add two byte arrays: a = a + b (little-endian, with carry)
+   * Matches GMSSRandom.addByteArrays()
+   */
+  private static addByteArrays(a: Uint8Array, b: Uint8Array): void {
+    let overflow = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
+      const temp = (a[i] & 0xff) + (b[i] & 0xff) + overflow;
+      a[i] = temp & 0xff;
+      overflow = temp >>> 8;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Add one to byte array: a = a + 1 (little-endian, with carry)
+   * Matches GMSSRandom.addOne()
+   */
+  private static addOne(a: Uint8Array): void {
+    let overflow = 1;
+    for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
+      const temp = (a[i] & 0xff) + overflow;
+      a[i] = temp & 0xff;
+      overflow = temp >>> 8;
+      if (overflow === 0) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * getLog - Calculate ceil(log2(x))
+ * 
+ * Matches WinternitzOTSignature.getLog():
+ *   int log = 1;
+ *   int i = 2;
+ *   while (i < intValue) { i <<= 1; log++; }
+ *   return log;
+ */
+export function getLog(intValue: number): number {
+  let log = 1;
+  let i = 2;
+  while (i < intValue) {
+    i <<= 1;
+    log++;
+  }
+  return log;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Expand master seed into L private key chains using GMSSRandom
+ * 
+ * Matches WinternitzOTSignature constructor:
+ *   byte[] dummy = new byte[mdsize];
+ *   System.arraycopy(seed0, 0, dummy, 0, dummy.length);
+ *   for (int i = 0; i < keysize; i++) {
+ *     privateKeyOTS[i] = gmssRandom.nextSeed(dummy);
+ *   }
+ */
+export function expandPrivateKey(seed: Uint8Array, ps: ParamSet = getParamSet()): Uint8Array[] {
+  assert32(seed, 'seed');
+  
+  // Copy seed to mutable state
+  const state = new Uint8Array(seed);
+  
+  if (wotsDebugEnabled) {
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[expandPrivateKey] Input seed: ${hex(seed).substring(0, 64)}...`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[expandPrivateKey] Initial state: ${hex(state).substring(0, 64)}...`);
+  }
+  
+  // Generate L chain seeds using stateful PRNG
+  const privateKeys: Uint8Array[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < ps.L; i++) {
+    const pk = GMSSRandom.nextSeed(state);
+    privateKeys.push(pk);
+    
+    // Log first few private keys for debugging
+    if (wotsDebugEnabled && i < 3) {
+      wotsLogger.debug(`[expandPrivateKey] pk[${i}]: ${hex(pk)}`);
+      wotsLogger.debug(`[expandPrivateKey] state after pk[${i}]: ${hex(state).substring(0, 32)}...`);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  if (wotsDebugEnabled) {
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[expandPrivateKey] Generated ${privateKeys.length} private keys`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[expandPrivateKey] pk[33] (last): ${hex(privateKeys[33])}`);
+  }
+  
+  return privateKeys;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert message hash to Winternitz digits with checksum
+ * 
+ * For w=8 (8 bits per digit), since 8 % 8 == 0:
+ * - Each byte of the hash IS one digit (0-255)
+ * - messagesize = 32 digits
+ * - checksum = (messagesize << w) - sum = 8192 - sum
+ * - checksumsize = 14 bits, extracted as 2 digits
+ * 
+ * Matches WinternitzOTSignature.getSignature() for w=8 case
+ */
+export function toWinternitzDigits(hash32: Uint8Array, ps: ParamSet = getParamSet()): { 
+  digits: number[], 
+  checksumDigits: number[], 
+  total: number 
+} {
+  assert32(hash32, 'hash');
+  
+  if (ps.w !== 8) {
+    throw new Error(`Only w=8 is supported. Got w=${ps.w}`);
+  }
+  
+  // For w=8: each byte IS a digit (0-255)
+  // d = 8 / w = 1 digit per byte
+  // k = (1 << w) - 1 = 255
+  const digits: number[] = [];
+  let c = 0; // checksum accumulator
+  
+  for (let i = 0; i < hash32.length; i++) {
+    const digit = hash32[i] & 0xff;
+    digits.push(digit);
+    c += digit;
+  }
+  
+  const digitSum = c;
+  
+  // Checksum = (messagesize << w) - c = (32 << 8) - c = 8192 - c
+  c = (ps.messageSize << ps.w) - c;
+  
+  const checksumBeforeExtract = c;
+  
+  // Extract checksum digits: 2 digits, each 0-255
+  // checksumsize = 14 bits, iterate by w=8 bits
+  const checksumDigits: number[] = [];
+  const k = ps.maxDigit; // 255
+  for (let i = 0; i < ps.checksumSize; i += ps.w) {
+    checksumDigits.push(c & k);
+    c >>>= ps.w;
+  }
+  
+  if (wotsDebugEnabled) {
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[toWinternitzDigits] Input hash: ${hex(hash32)}`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[toWinternitzDigits] First 5 message digits: [${digits.slice(0, 5).join(', ')}]`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[toWinternitzDigits] Last 5 message digits: [${digits.slice(-5).join(', ')}]`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[toWinternitzDigits] Digit sum: ${digitSum}`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[toWinternitzDigits] Checksum formula: (${ps.messageSize} << ${ps.w}) - ${digitSum} = ${checksumBeforeExtract}`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[toWinternitzDigits] Checksum digits: [${checksumDigits.join(', ')}]`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[toWinternitzDigits] Total digits: ${digits.length + checksumDigits.length} (expected L=${ps.L})`);
+  }
+  
+  return { 
+    digits, 
+    checksumDigits, 
+    total: digits.length + checksumDigits.length 
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decompose digest into base-w digits + checksum
+ * Returns flat array of all L digits
+ */
+export function baseWWithChecksum(msgHash: Uint8Array, paramSet?: ParamSet): number[] {
+  const ps = paramSet || defaultParamSet;
+  const { digits, checksumDigits } = toWinternitzDigits(msgHash, ps);
+  const result = digits.concat(checksumDigits);
+  
+  if (result.length !== ps.L) {
+    throw new Error(`Invalid digit length: expected ${ps.L}, got ${result.length}`);
+  }
+  
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Hash a value k times
+ * 
+ * Matches WinternitzOTSignature.hashPrivateKeyBlock():
+ * - If rounds < 1: return input unchanged
+ * - Otherwise: hash `rounds` times
+ */
+export function hashChain(x: Uint8Array, rounds: number): Uint8Array {
+  if (rounds < 1) {
+    return new Uint8Array(x);
+  }
+  let result = F(x);
+  for (let i = 1; i < rounds; i++) {
+    result = F(result);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+export type WotsKeypair = {
+  seed: Uint8Array;
+  index: number;
+  pk: Uint8Array;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Derive unique seed for a specific key index
+ * 
+ * DEPRECATED: Use deriveChainSeedJava for Java parity.
+ * This function is preserved for backward compatibility only.
+ * 
+ * The correct derivation matching Minima's TreeKeyNode.java:
+ *   MiniData seed = Crypto.getInstance().hashAllObjects(new MiniNumber(i), zPrivateSeed);
+ * 
+ * This old implementation used H(seed || u32be(i)) which is NOT Java compatible.
+ * @deprecated Use deriveChainSeedJava from javaStreamables.ts
+ */
+export function deriveIndexedSeed(seed: Uint8Array, keyIndex: number): Uint8Array {
+  assert32(seed, 'seed');
+  // Use Java-compatible derivation: hashAllObjects(MiniNumber(i), MiniData(seed))
+  const result = deriveChainSeedJava(seed, keyIndex);
+  
+  if (wotsDebugEnabled) {
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[deriveIndexedSeed] seed=${hex(seed).substring(0, 32)}..., keyIndex=${keyIndex} => ${hex(result)}`);
+  }
+  
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Derive WOTS public key digest from seed and key index
+ * 
+ * The key index is mixed into the seed first (deriveIndexedSeed),
+ * then expanded using GMSSRandom to get unique chain seeds.
+ * 
+ * Matches WinternitzOTSignature.getPublicKey():
+ *   int rounds = (1 << w) - 1;  // 255 for w=8
+ *   for (int i = 0; i < keysize; i++) {
+ *     hashPrivateKeyBlock(i, rounds, buf, pos);
+ *   }
+ *   return H(buf);
+ */
+export function derivePKdigest(seed: Uint8Array, i: number, ps: ParamSet = getParamSet()): Uint8Array {
+  assert32(seed, 'seed');
+  
+  // Derive unique seed for this key index
+  const indexedSeed = deriveIndexedSeed(seed, i);
+  
+  // Expand indexed seed into private keys
+  const privateKeys = expandPrivateKey(indexedSeed, ps);
+  
+  // Hash each chain 255 times to get chain tops
+  const rounds = ps.maxDigit; // 255
+  const buf = new Uint8Array(ps.L * 32);
+  
+  for (let j = 0; j < ps.L; j++) {
+    const top = hashChain(privateKeys[j], rounds);
+    buf.set(top, j * 32);
+  }
+  
+  // Return H(all chain tops)
+  return F(buf);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Derive full WOTS public key (L × 32 bytes) without final hash
+ * 
+ * Returns the concatenation of all chain tops BEFORE hashing.
+ * Required by Minima's SignatureProof which expects the full public key.
+ */
+export function deriveFullPublicKey(seed: Uint8Array, i: number, ps: ParamSet = getParamSet()): Uint8Array {
+  assert32(seed, 'seed');
+  
+  if (wotsDebugEnabled) {
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[deriveFullPublicKey] ========== PK DERIVATION START ==========`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[deriveFullPublicKey] Master seed: ${hex(seed).substring(0, 32)}..., keyIndex: ${i}`);
+  }
+  
+  // Derive unique seed for this key index
+  const indexedSeed = deriveIndexedSeed(seed, i);
+  
+  if (wotsDebugEnabled) {
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[deriveFullPublicKey] Indexed seed: ${hex(indexedSeed)}`);
+  }
+  
+  const privateKeys = expandPrivateKey(indexedSeed, ps);
+  const rounds = ps.maxDigit; // 255
+  const buf = new Uint8Array(ps.L * 32);
+  
+  for (let j = 0; j < ps.L; j++) {
+    const top = hashChain(privateKeys[j], rounds);
+    buf.set(top, j * 32);
+    
+    // Log first few chain tops for debugging
+    if (wotsDebugEnabled && j < 3) {
+      wotsLogger.debug(`[deriveFullPublicKey] chain[${j}]: pk=${hex(privateKeys[j]).substring(0, 16)}... rounds=${rounds} => top=${hex(top).substring(0, 16)}...`);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  if (wotsDebugEnabled) {
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[deriveFullPublicKey] Full public key (${buf.length}B): ${hex(buf).substring(0, 64)}...${hex(buf).substring(hex(buf).length - 32)}`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[deriveFullPublicKey] ========== PK DERIVATION END ==========`);
+  }
+  
+  return buf; // L * 32 = 1088 bytes
+}
+
+export function wotsKeypairFromSeed(seed: Uint8Array, index: number, paramSet?: ParamSet): WotsKeypair {
+  assert32(seed, 'seed');
+  const ps = paramSet || defaultParamSet;
+  const pkDigest = derivePKdigest(seed, index, ps);
+  return { seed, index, pk: pkDigest };
+}
+
+export type WotsSignature = {
+  index: number;
+  w: number;
+  sig: Uint8Array[];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sign a message using WOTS
+ * 
+ * Matches Java's WinternitzOTSignature.getSignature():
+ * 1. Hash the message internally: hashedMsg = SHA3-256(message)
+ * 2. For each digit d[i]: sig[i] = hash(privateKey[i], d[i] times)
+ * 
+ * IMPORTANT: This function hashes the message internally to match Java/BouncyCastle.
+ * Callers pass RAW 32-byte data (tx digest, child root), NOT pre-hashed!
+ * 
+ * @param seed - 32-byte master seed
+ * @param i - Key index
+ * @param message - Raw 32-byte message (will be hashed internally)
+ * @param ps - WOTS parameter set (default: minima)
+ * @returns Flat signature (L × 32 = 1088 bytes)
+ */
+export function wotsSign(seed: Uint8Array, i: number, message: Uint8Array, ps: ParamSet = getParamSet()): Uint8Array {
+  assert32(seed, 'seed');
+  assert32(message, 'message');
+  
+  if (wotsDebugEnabled) {
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[wotsSign] ========== WOTS SIGN START ==========`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[wotsSign] Master seed: ${hex(seed)}`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[wotsSign] Key index: ${i}`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[wotsSign] Message (raw): ${hex(message)}`);
+  }
+  
+  // Derive unique seed for this key index
+  const indexedSeed = deriveIndexedSeed(seed, i);
+  
+  if (wotsDebugEnabled) {
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[wotsSign] Indexed seed (after deriveIndexedSeed): ${hex(indexedSeed)}`);
+  }
+  
+  const privateKeys = expandPrivateKey(indexedSeed, ps);
+  // CRITICAL: Hash the message internally to match Java/BouncyCastle Winternitz behavior
+  // Java's WinternitzOTSignature.getSignature() always hashes the message first
+  // Callers pass RAW 32-byte data (tx digest, child root), NOT pre-hashed!
+  const hashedMsg = F(message);
+  const { digits, checksumDigits } = toWinternitzDigits(hashedMsg, ps);
+  const allDigits = digits.concat(checksumDigits);
+  
+  if (allDigits.length !== ps.L) {
+    throw new Error(`Digit length mismatch: got ${allDigits.length}, want ${ps.L}`);
+  }
+  
+  if (wotsDebugEnabled) {
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[wotsSign] All ${allDigits.length} digits: [${allDigits.join(', ')}]`);
+  }
+  
+  const out = new Uint8Array(ps.L * 32);
+  
+  for (let j = 0; j < ps.L; j++) {
+    const rounds = allDigits[j];
+    const sigPart = hashChain(privateKeys[j], rounds);
+    out.set(sigPart, j * 32);
+    
+    // Log first few and last signature chains for debugging
+    if (wotsDebugEnabled && (j < 3 || j >= ps.L - 2)) {
+      wotsLogger.debug(`[wotsSign] chain[${j}]: pk=${hex(privateKeys[j]).substring(0, 16)}... rounds=${rounds} => sig=${hex(sigPart).substring(0, 16)}...`);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  if (wotsDebugEnabled) {
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[wotsSign] Signature output (${out.length} bytes): ${hex(out).substring(0, 64)}...${hex(out).substring(hex(out).length - 64)}`);
+    wotsLogger.debug(`[wotsSign] ========== WOTS SIGN END ==========`);
+  }
+  
+  return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Legacy wrapper returning structured signature
+ */
+export function wotsSignLegacy(msgHash: Uint8Array, seed: Uint8Array, index: number, paramSet?: ParamSet): WotsSignature {
+  const ps = paramSet || getParamSet();
+  const sig = wotsSign(seed, index, msgHash, ps);
+  const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < ps.L; i++) {
+    chunks.push(sig.subarray(i * 32, (i + 1) * 32));
+  }
+  return { index, w: ps.w, sig: chunks };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Recover public key from signature
+ * 
+ * Matches WinternitzOTSVerify.Verify():
+ *   1. Hash the message: hashedMsg = SHA3-256(message)
+ *   2. for each digit d[i]:
+ *        top[i] = hash(sig[i], (255 - d[i]) times)
+ *   3. return H(concat(tops))
+ * 
+ * CRITICAL: This function hashes the message internally to match Java/BouncyCastle
+ * Winternitz behavior. Both wotsSign and wotsPkFromSig hash internally for parity.
+ */
+export function wotsPkFromSig(message: Uint8Array, signature: WotsSignature, paramSet?: ParamSet): Uint8Array {
+  const ps = paramSet || defaultParamSet;
+  // CRITICAL: Hash the message internally to match Java/BouncyCastle Winternitz behavior
+  const hashedMsg = F(message);
+  const allDigits = baseWWithChecksum(hashedMsg, ps);
+  
+  if (signature.sig.length !== ps.L) {
+    throw new Error(`Wrong signature length: expected ${ps.L}, got ${signature.sig.length}`);
+  }
+  
+  const buf = new Uint8Array(ps.L * 32);
+  
+  for (let i = 0; i < ps.L; i++) {
+    const stepsUp = ps.maxDigit - allDigits[i]; // 255 - d[i]
+    const top = hashChain(signature.sig[i], stepsUp);
+    buf.set(top, i * 32);
+  }
+  
+  return F(buf);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Verify WOTS signature against a FULL 1088-byte public key
+ * 
+ * Matches Java's Winternitz.verify():
+ * 1. Hash the message internally: hashedMsg = SHA3-256(message)
+ * 2. Recover FULL public key from signature using hashedMsg (1088 bytes)
+ * 3. Compare FULL reconstructed key to expected FULL public key
+ * 
+ * CRITICAL: Java's Winternitz.verify() compares the FULL 1088-byte reconstructed
+ * public key against the FULL 1088-byte stored public key, NOT a 32-byte digest!
+ * 
+ * IMPORTANT: This function hashes the message internally to match Java/BouncyCastle.
+ * Callers pass RAW 32-byte data (tx digest, child root), NOT pre-hashed!
+ * 
+ * @param sig - The 1088-byte WOTS signature
+ * @param message - Raw 32-byte message (will be hashed internally)
+ * @param pkFull - The FULL 1088-byte WOTS public key (L=34 × 32 bytes)
+ * @param ps - WOTS parameter set (default: minima)
+ */
+export function wotsVerify(sig: Uint8Array, message: Uint8Array, pkFull: Uint8Array, ps: ParamSet = getParamSet()): boolean {
+  // CRITICAL: Java verifies against FULL 1088-byte public key, not 32-byte digest
+  const expectedLen = ps.L * 32;
+  if (pkFull.length !== expectedLen) {
+    throw new Error(`pkFull must be exactly ${expectedLen} bytes (L=${ps.L} × 32); got ${pkFull.length}`);
+  }
+  
+  if (sig.length !== expectedLen) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  // CRITICAL: Hash the message internally to match Java/BouncyCastle Winternitz behavior
+  const hashedMsg = F(message);
+  const allDigits = baseWWithChecksum(hashedMsg, ps);
+  const buf = new Uint8Array(expectedLen);
+  
+  for (let j = 0; j < ps.L; j++) {
+    const sigPart = sig.subarray(j * 32, (j + 1) * 32);
+    const stepsUp = ps.maxDigit - allDigits[j];
+    const top = hashChain(sigPart, stepsUp);
+    buf.set(top, j * 32);
+  }
+  
+  // Compare FULL 1088-byte reconstructed key to expected FULL public key
+  // This matches Java: resp.isEqual(zPublicKey) where both are 1088 bytes
+  return Buffer.from(buf).equals(Buffer.from(pkFull));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Legacy verify function that accepts a 32-byte digest
+ * @deprecated Use wotsVerify with full 1088-byte public key instead
+ */
+export function wotsVerifyDigest(sig: Uint8Array, message: Uint8Array, pkDigest: Uint8Array, ps: ParamSet = getParamSet()): boolean {
+  assert32(pkDigest, 'pkDigest');
+  
+  const expectedLen = ps.L * 32;
+  if (sig.length !== expectedLen) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  const msgHash = F(message);
+  const allDigits = baseWWithChecksum(msgHash, ps);
+  const buf = new Uint8Array(expectedLen);
+  
+  for (let j = 0; j < ps.L; j++) {
+    const sigPart = sig.subarray(j * 32, (j + 1) * 32);
+    const stepsUp = ps.maxDigit - allDigits[j];
+    const top = hashChain(sigPart, stepsUp);
+    buf.set(top, j * 32);
+  }
+  
+  const recomputed = F(buf);
+  return Buffer.from(recomputed).equals(Buffer.from(pkDigest));
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Generate WOTS public key from seed (convenience wrapper)
+ */
+export function wotsPublicKeyFromSeed(seed: Uint8Array, index: number = 0, paramSet?: ParamSet): Uint8Array {
+  assert32(seed, 'seed');
+  const keypair = wotsKeypairFromSeed(seed, index, paramSet);
+  return keypair.pk;
+}
+
+// === Legacy compatibility exports ===
+// These are kept for backwards compatibility but use the BC-compatible implementation
+
+/**
+ * @deprecated Use expandPrivateKey instead
+ */
+export function prfChainSeed(seed: Uint8Array, i: number, j: number, _paramSet: ParamSet): Uint8Array {
+  // This function no longer makes sense with stateful PRNG
+  // For compatibility, derive the j-th chain seed for key i
+  const privateKeys = expandPrivateKey(seed, _paramSet);
+  if (j >= privateKeys.length) {
+    throw new Error(`Chain index ${j} out of range (max ${privateKeys.length - 1})`);
+  }
+  return privateKeys[j];
+}