@torrent-tv/proxy 2.88.2 → 2.88.4

package/services/storage/segment-store/SegmentStore.js

@@ -1,1240 +1,1240 @@
-/**
- * @file One store of produced segments for the whole proxy, addressed by what
- * the segments ARE rather than by who made them.
- *
- * Until now a segment lived under the id of the session whose encoder wrote it
- * — under that session's own id, in a directory of that run's own — and the index
- * over it was built per session, so a segment was visible only inside the
- * session that made it. Two viewers of one film got two sessions with
- * byte-identical output and neither could see the other's work (measured
- * 2026-09-03, `research/two-viewers-one-file-2026-09-03.md`).
- *
- * Here the address is the output's own parameters. Which viewer asked never
- * enters it, and neither does which encoder produced the bytes: a segment is
- * the same segment whoever made it.
- *
- * **The directory carries its own identity.** Its NAME is a digest, because the
- * key contains characters a path may not; the key itself is written inside it,
- * in `key.txt`. That is what lets a new process, started after this one was
- * killed, work out what it is looking at — without it, everything on disk after
- * a kill is unidentifiable and can only be thrown away.
- *
- * **What proves a segment is closed: its NAME.** A piece being written is called
- * something else — `making-40-00057.mp4`, tagged with the run writing it — and
- * takes its served name only when the
- * encoder has said it is closed, which it does on a channel of its own
- * (`-segment_list pipe:3`). The `hls` branch needs nothing extra: its muxer
- * writes through a temporary name of its own, so its files appear under their
- * final name whole. One rule for both, and true whether or not this process is
- * alive: **a file under its served name is complete.**
- *
- * It was "a segment is closed when the NEXT number exists". That is true of one
- * writer walking forward and false the moment two runs share an output, because
- * the next file is then written by another process while this one is still open
- * — and two runs on one output is not a rare state, it is what the plan gives an
- * output whenever it places a second encoder. Field 2026-09-08:
- * `segment-00057.mp4` served at 2 268 361 bytes and then at 4 510 940, exactly
- * half; the browser appended the half and refused the whole for the rest of the
- * session, `bufferAppendError` fourteen times with the picture frozen at
- * 319.66 s. `segment-00055.mp4` the same, 211 957 against 2 620 617.
- */
-
-import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
-import { existsSync, mkdirSync, readdirSync, readFileSync, renameSync, statSync, watch, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
-import { rmSync } from "node:fs";
-import os from "node:os";
-import path from "node:path";
-
-/** Where every output's segments live. One root for the process. */
-export const DEFAULT_STORE_ROOT = path.join(os.tmpdir(), "torrent-tv-hls");
-
-/** The file inside each directory that says which output it holds. */
-const KEY_FILE = "key.txt";
-
-/**
- * The directory name for an output key.
- *
- * A digest rather than the key itself: the key carries `:` and `/`, which a
- * path may not, and sanitising them would make two different keys collide.
- * Sixteen hex characters is enough that a collision is not a thing that
- * happens, and short enough to read in a log line.
- *
- * @param {string} key
- * @returns {string}
- */
-export function directoryNameFor(key) {
-  return createHash("sha256").update(String(key)).digest("hex").slice(0, 16);
-}
-
-/**
- * What one output's directory holds, as last read.
- *
- * @typedef {object} HeldContents
- * @property {number} readAt - The directory's modification time when it was read.
- * @property {Map<number, string>} byNumber - Segment number to full path.
- * @property {number} bytes - What those files weigh.
- * @property {number} unproven - The highest number, whose closure nothing
- *   proves, or -1 when the directory holds no segments.
- */
-
-export class SegmentStore {
-  /** @type {string} */
-  #root;
-
-  /** Output key → what its directory holds. @type {Map<string, HeldContents>} */
-  #held = new Map();
-  #mediaRanges = new Map();
-
-  /** Output key → how to read its file names. @type {Map<string, object>} */
-  #formats = new Map();
-
-  /** Output key → when it was last asked for. @type {Map<string, number>} */
-  #touched = new Map();
-
-  /**
-   * Output key → the init segment served for it, once one has been read whole.
-   *
-   * A property of the output's produced material, so it lives with that
-   * material and goes when it goes. The player fetches it once and never again,
-   * so the first whole one is kept and every later request gets the same bytes,
-   * even though a re-encoding run rewrites the file on disk.
-   *
-   * @type {Map<string, Buffer>}
-   */
-  #inits = new Map();
-
-  /** Told of every segment published, whatever it is. @type {Set<(key: string, index: number) => void>} */
-  #publishedListeners = new Set();
-
-  /** Segment publication waiters by output key and segment number. @type {Map<string, Map<number, Set<Function>>>} */
-  #waiters = new Map();
-
-  /** Output key → the watch on its directory. @type {Map<string, import("node:fs").FSWatcher>} */
-  #watchers = new Map();
-
-  /** @type {{ info: Function, warn: Function }} */
-  #logger;
-
-  /** @type {() => number} */
-  #now;
-
-  /**
-   * @param {object} [params]
-   * @param {string} [params.root] - Where the directories live.
-   * @param {{ info: Function, warn: Function }} [params.logger]
-   * @param {() => number} [params.now]
-   */
-  constructor({ root = DEFAULT_STORE_ROOT, logger = null, now = Date.now } = {}) {
-    this.#root = root;
-    this.#logger = logger ?? { info: () => {}, warn: () => {} };
-    this.#now = now;
-  }
-
-  /** @returns {string} */
-  get root() {
-    return this.#root;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Where this output's segments live, without making anything.
-   *
-   * Separate from {@link directoryFor} because a session works out its path
-   * long before it is sure it will exist: a probe or a keyframe read between
-   * the two can still fail, and a directory made in advance of that is a
-   * leftover nothing tracks — proxy 2.9.101 failed on every request and its
-   * abandoned directories were the only trace on disk.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key - `OutputSpec.toKey()`.
-   * @returns {string}
-   */
-  pathFor(key) {
-    return path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The directory this output's segments live in, made if it is not there.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key - `OutputSpec.toKey()`.
-   * @returns {string}
-   */
-  directoryFor(key) {
-    const dir = path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
-    if (!existsSync(dir)) {
-      mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
-      // What this directory is, for whoever finds it after this process has
-      // been killed. Without it the sweep can only throw everything away.
-      writeFileSync(path.join(dir, KEY_FILE), `${key}\n`, "utf8");
-    }
-    this.#touched.set(key, this.#now());
-    // Production is about to begin here, and a piece closing in this directory
-    // is what every held request is waiting for.
-    this.#watch(key);
-    return dir;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Say how this output's files are named, so the store can read its directory.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {{ isSegmentFileName: (name: string) => boolean, segmentIndexFromName: (name: string) => number }} segmentFormat
-   */
-  useFormat(key, segmentFormat) {
-    if (segmentFormat && typeof segmentFormat.isSegmentFileName === "function") {
-      this.#formats.set(key, segmentFormat);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Re-read this output's directory if it has moved since last time.
-   *
-   * A directory's modification time changes when an entry is added or removed,
-   * so a quiet request costs one `stat` rather than a listing.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @returns {HeldContents}
-   */
-  refresh(key) {
-    const format = this.#formats.get(key);
-    const empty = { readAt: 0, byNumber: new Map(), bytes: 0, unproven: -1, largest: { index: -1, size: 0 } };
-    if (!format) {
-      return this.#held.get(key) ?? empty;
-    }
-    const dir = path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
-    let mtime = 0;
-    try {
-      mtime = statSync(dir).mtimeMs;
-    } catch {
-      this.#held.delete(key);
-      return empty;
-    }
-    const known = this.#held.get(key);
-    if (known && known.readAt === mtime) {
-      return known;
-    }
-    const byNumber = new Map();
-    const sizes = new Map();
-    let bytes = 0;
-    let highest = -1;
-    // The biggest piece and which number it is. What reads it is the figure the
-    // master playlist declares: `BANDWIDTH` is the PEAK a link must carry, and
-    // the peak of a variable-bitrate source is nothing like its average — the
-    // field file of 2026-09-08 ran at 17.1 Mbit/s with a piece at 73. Which
-    // number it is matters because pieces are not all the same length, and only
-    // whoever holds the cut table can turn bytes into bits per second.
-    let largest = { index: -1, size: 0 };
-    try {
-      for (const name of readdirSync(dir)) {
-        if (!format.isSegmentFileName(name)) {
-          continue;
-        }
-        const index = format.segmentIndexFromName(name);
-        if (!Number.isInteger(index) || index < 0) {
-          continue;
-        }
-        const full = path.join(dir, name);
-        let size = 0;
-        try {
-          size = statSync(full).size;
-        } catch {
-          continue;
-        }
-        // A file of no bytes is not a segment, whatever its name says. It is
-        // what a run killed the instant after opening its next piece leaves,
-        // and taking it for a segment once convinced the look-ahead that a
-        // number had been produced and kept the encoder stopped for it.
-        if (size <= 0) {
-          continue;
-        }
-        byNumber.set(index, full);
-        sizes.set(index, size);
-        bytes += size;
-        if (index > highest) {
-          highest = index;
-        }
-        if (size > largest.size) {
-          largest = { index, size };
-        }
-      }
-    } catch {
-      this.#held.delete(key);
-      return empty;
-    }
-    const contents = { readAt: mtime, byNumber, sizes, bytes, unproven: highest, largest };
-    this.#held.set(key, contents);
-    return contents;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The segment numbers this output holds that are finished.
-   *
-   * ONE PROOF, AND IT IS THE PIECE'S OWN NAME. A piece being written is called
-   * `making-40-00042.mp4`; it is renamed to `segment-00042.mp4` when its writer
-   * says it has closed it, and on the `hls` branch — which has no such channel —
-   * the muxer's own `+temp_file` does the same rename for the same reason. So a
-   * file under the served name is complete, whoever made it and whenever.
-   *
-   * WHAT THIS REPLACED, because the difference is what a viewer felt. Closure
-   * used to be inferred from the NEXT number existing, which is sound for one
-   * writer walking forward and false the moment two runs share an output — and
-   * one-piece intervals guarantee that. Field 2026-09-08:
-   * `segment-00057.mp4` was served at 2 268 361 bytes and then at 4 510 940, the
-   * browser appended the truncated body, and `bufferAppendError` repeated to the
-   * end of the log with the picture frozen at 319.66 s. It also left the last
-   * piece of every run unprovable for ever, since nothing follows it.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @returns {number[]}
-   */
-  provenNumbers(key) {
-    return [...this.refresh(key).byNumber.keys()].sort((left, right) => left - right);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * How many numbered files this output holds, closed or not.
-   *
-   * What the disk has, against what has been proven closed: the two are printed
-   * side by side, so "the files are there and nobody reported them" reads
-   * differently from "there is nothing there".
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @returns {number}
-   */
-  filesHeld(key) {
-    return this.refresh(key).byNumber.size;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The size in bytes of every finished piece of this output, by number.
-   *
-   * Read by whoever keeps what an output's segments carried (roadmap item 97,
-   * step 14). A reading, not a request: it does not mark the output as read,
-   * so it does not keep an output nobody is watching.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @returns {Map<number, number>}
-   */
-  sizesOf(key) {
-    return new Map(this.refresh(key).sizes ?? []);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The biggest piece this output has made, and which number it is.
-   *
-   * Read by whoever declares the variant's peak rate. Bytes alone cannot say
-   * it — pieces are not all the same length — so the number comes with them and
-   * whoever holds the cut table does the division.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @returns {{ index: number, size: number }} An index of `-1` while nothing
-   *   has been made, which is a statement and not a zero.
-   */
-  largestPiece(key) {
-    return this.refresh(key).largest ?? { index: -1, size: 0 };
-  }
-
-
-  /**
-   * Every output whose pieces this store knows how to read: those in use and
-   * those a previous life of the process left.
-   *
-   * @returns {string[]}
-   */
-  addresses() {
-    return [...this.#formats.keys()];
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Whether this piece is finished, and may therefore be served.
-   *
-   * Its NAME is the proof, and there is no second one: a piece being written is
-   * called something else until whoever writes it says it is closed. That holds
-   * for a piece a live run is rewriting — the file standing there was closed by
-   * somebody, and it is replaced whole or not at all — and for a piece left by an
-   * earlier life of this process, which the startup sweep answers the same way.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {number} index
-   * @returns {boolean}
-   */
-  isClosed(key, index) {
-    return this.refresh(key).byNumber.has(index);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Remove the pieces an output was in the middle of writing.
-   *
-   * They are under working names, so they were never servable and nothing has
-   * to be un-proven — this is disk, not correctness. A process killed by the
-   * kernel leaves one per live run, and the kernel takes this process often
-   * enough for that to matter.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {string} dir
-   * @param {{ makingTagOf?: (name: string) => string | null }} format
-   * @param {string | null} [tag] - One run's own tag, or null for every run's.
-   * @returns {number} How many were removed.
-   */
-  #sweepUnfinished(key, dir, format, tag = null) {
-    let removed = 0;
-    let names = [];
-    try {
-      names = readdirSync(dir);
-    } catch {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    for (const name of names) {
-      const wroteIt = format?.makingTagOf?.(name) ?? null;
-      if (wroteIt === null || (tag !== null && wroteIt !== tag)) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      try {
-        rmSync(path.join(dir, name), { force: true });
-        removed += 1;
-      } catch {
-        // Then it stays, costing disk and nothing else.
-      }
-    }
-    if (removed > 0) {
-      this.#held.delete(key);
-    }
-    return removed;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The encoder has closed a piece: give it the name it is served under.
-   *
-   * One rename inside the output's own directory — one filesystem operation, and
-   * atomic there. Before it the file is not a segment and no request can reach
-   * it; after it, its existence IS the proof that it is whole, and that is one
-   * rule for every branch whether or not our own process is alive.
-   *
-   * It replaced a rule that served half a segment: a piece was taken as finished
-   * when the NEXT file existed. That is true of one writer walking forward and
-   * false the moment two runs share an output, because the next file is then
-   * written by another process while this one is still open — and two runs on one
-   * output is not a rare state, it is what the plan gives an output whenever it
-   * places a second encoder.
-   *
-   * Field 2026-09-08: `segment-00057.mp4` was served at 2 268 361 bytes and then
-   * at 4 510 940 — exactly half of it. The browser appended the half and refused
-   * the whole for the rest of the session, `bufferAppendError` fourteen times
-   * over with the picture frozen at 319.66 s. `segment-00055.mp4` went the same
-   * way, 211 957 against 2 620 617.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {string} makingName - What the encoder called it while writing.
-   * @param {{ servedNameOf?: (name: string) => string | null }} format
-   * @returns {string | null} The served name, or null where nothing was renamed.
-   */
-  publish(key, makingName, format) {
-    const served = format?.servedNameOf?.(makingName) ?? null;
-    if (!served) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    const dir = path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
-    const index = format?.segmentIndexFromName?.(served) ?? -1;
-    let mediaRanges = null;
-    if (format?.readMediaRanges && index >= 0) {
-      try {
-        mediaRanges = format.readMediaRanges(readFileSync(path.join(dir, makingName)));
-        if (mediaRanges.length === 0) throw new Error("The closed file contains no playable media intervals.");
-      } catch (error) {
-        this.#logger?.warn?.(`segment store: could not read media coverage of ${makingName}: ${error.message}`);
-        return null;
-      }
-    }
-    try {
-      renameSync(path.join(dir, makingName), path.join(dir, served));
-    } catch (error) {
-      // The file may already be gone — a process killed between closing the
-      // piece and this line. Said rather than swallowed: a piece the encoder
-      // reported and the disk does not have is worth knowing about.
-      this.#logger?.warn?.(
-        `segment store: could not publish ${makingName} of ${key.slice(0, 60)}: ` +
-        `${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`
-      );
-      return null;
-    }
-    // What the directory holds has changed, so the memory of it is stale.
-    this.#held.delete(key);
-    if (index >= 0) {
-      if (mediaRanges) {
-        const byIndex = this.#mediaRanges.get(key) ?? new Map();
-        byIndex.set(index, mediaRanges);
-        this.#mediaRanges.set(key, byIndex);
-      }
-      this.announce(key, index);
-      for (const listener of this.#publishedListeners) {
-        listener(key, index);
-      }
-    }
-    return served;
-  }
-
-  mediaRangesOf(key, index, { startSeconds = 0 } = {}) {
-    const known = this.#mediaRanges.get(key)?.get(index);
-    if (known) return known;
-    const format = this.#formats.get(key);
-    if (!format?.readMediaRanges) return undefined;
-    const filePath = this.pathOf(key, index);
-    if (!filePath) return undefined;
-    try {
-      let initBytes = this.initOf(key);
-      if (!initBytes && format.initFileName) {
-        try {
-          initBytes = readFileSync(path.join(this.pathFor(key), format.initFileName));
-        } catch {
-          // A header not yet produced is not an empty media interval.
-        }
-      }
-      const ranges = format.readMediaRanges(readFileSync(filePath), { initBytes, startSeconds });
-      if (!ranges) return undefined;
-      const byIndex = this.#mediaRanges.get(key) ?? new Map();
-      byIndex.set(index, ranges);
-      this.#mediaRanges.set(key, byIndex);
-      return ranges;
-    } catch {
-      return [];
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The init segment kept for this output, or null until one was read whole.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @returns {Buffer | null}
-   */
-  initOf(key) {
-    return this.#inits.get(key) ?? null;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Keep the init segment served for this output. The first whole one stands;
-   * an empty read is not an init (ffmpeg creates the file before it writes the
-   * header into it) and is refused.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {Buffer | null} bytes
-   * @returns {Buffer | null} The init that now stands for this output.
-   */
-  keepInit(key, bytes) {
-    if (!this.#inits.has(key) && bytes && bytes.length > 0) {
-      this.#inits.set(key, bytes);
-    }
-    return this.initOf(key);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Be told of every segment published: what the store holds has grown, which
-   * is when whether it still fits its share is worth asking.
-   *
-   * @param {(key: string, index: number) => void} listener
-   * @returns {() => void} Stop being told.
-   */
-  onPublished(listener) {
-    this.#publishedListeners.add(listener);
-    return () => this.#publishedListeners.delete(listener);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Watch this output's directory, so a piece closed by ANY writer is an event.
-   *
-   * WHY IT EXISTS, and it is one fault rather than a precaution. A piece is
-   * finished in one of two ways, and only one of them said so. The `segment`
-   * muxer writes under a working name and reports the closure on a channel of
-   * its own (`publish`); the `hls` muxer writes through a temporary name of its
-   * own (`+temp_file`) and reports nothing, so the file simply appears under the
-   * name it is served as. That branch is taken by every re-encoded output on the
-   * even grid — the ordinary quality step — and for those `waitFor` could only
-   * end on its deadline: the segment was on disk and the request that wanted it
-   * went on waiting, up to a full minute, and was then answered 503.
-   *
-   * So the store watches what it owns. The rename into place moves the
-   * directory's modification time, the kernel says so, and both branches reach
-   * one statement: this number is now present. Nothing polls.
-   *
-   * Idempotent, and started from the two places that need it — the directory
-   * being made for a run, and a wait beginning on an output this process has
-   * adopted rather than made.
-   *
-   * WHOEVER REMOVES ONE OF THESE DIRECTORIES GOES THROUGH `drop`, which stops
-   * the watch first. On Linux, where this runs, an open watch does not prevent
-   * a directory being removed; on Windows it does, and `rmSync` then retries
-   * until it gives up — measured, a check that removed a store's directory
-   * behind its back took 110 s instead of 3.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  #watch(key) {
-    if (this.#watchers.has(key)) {
-      return;
-    }
-    const dir = path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
-    // Nothing has been made for this output yet. A wait that begins first will
-    // ask again — `directoryFor` is what a run calls before it writes — and
-    // asking the kernel to watch what is not there throws, once for every wait
-    // that begins meanwhile.
-    if (!existsSync(dir)) {
-      return;
-    }
-    try {
-      const watcher = watch(dir, { persistent: false }, (_event, name) => {
-        this.#noticed(key, typeof name === "string" ? name : null);
-      });
-      // A directory that goes away takes its watch with it rather than leaving
-      // an error nobody reads.
-      watcher.on("error", () => this.#unwatch(key));
-      this.#watchers.set(key, watcher);
-    } catch (error) {
-      // Watching is how a wait ends early, not how a segment is found: every
-      // reader still reads the disk. Said rather than swallowed, because a
-      // store that cannot watch holds each request for its whole deadline, and
-      // that is worth knowing before the field says it.
-      this.#logger?.warn?.(
-        `segment store: cannot watch ${key.slice(0, 60)}: ` +
-        `${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`
-      );
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Stop watching one output's directory.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  #unwatch(key) {
-    const watcher = this.#watchers.get(key);
-    if (!watcher) {
-      return;
-    }
-    this.#watchers.delete(key);
-    try {
-      watcher.close();
-    } catch {
-      // Already closed with its directory.
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The directory moved: say what is now there.
-   *
-   * A REMOVAL MOVES IT TOO, so the name is checked against the disk before
-   * anything is announced — otherwise clearing up after a dead run would read
-   * as that run's pieces arriving.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {string | null} name - What changed, where the platform says.
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  #noticed(key, name) {
-    // WHAT WAS READ OF THIS DIRECTORY IS STALE. Dropped rather than re-read:
-    // re-reading HERE is quadratic in the pieces of a film — one listing per
-    // file written, of a directory that grows with every file, measured at 110 s
-    // against 3 s over 482 pieces — while dropping costs one listing to whoever
-    // asks next, which is bounded by the questions and not by the writes.
-    //
-    // IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO LET `refresh` NOTICE BY ITSELF. It re-reads when the
-    // directory's modification time has moved, and that time is stated in
-    // milliseconds: a file written in the same millisecond as the last reading
-    // leaves it unmoved, and the piece is then reported absent although it is
-    // there. That is the hazard `refresh` documents and `publish` has always
-    // guarded against by dropping the memory.
-    this.#held.delete(key);
-    const format = this.#formats.get(key);
-    const dir = path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
-    const index = name && format?.isSegmentFileName?.(name)
-      ? (format.segmentIndexFromName?.(name) ?? -1)
-      : -1;
-    if (index >= 0) {
-      // A REMOVAL MOVES THE DIRECTORY TOO, so the one file is asked about
-      // before anything is announced — otherwise clearing up after a dead run
-      // would read as that run's pieces arriving.
-      if (!existsSync(path.join(dir, name))) {
-        return;
-      }
-      this.#announceArrival(key, index);
-      return;
-    }
-    if (name) {
-      return;
-    }
-    // The platform named nothing. Then whoever is waiting asks about their own
-    // piece, which is the same question with the same answer and no guessing.
-    const byIndex = this.#waiters.get(key);
-    if (!byIndex || !format?.segmentFileName) {
-      return;
-    }
-    for (const waiting of [...byIndex.keys()]) {
-      if (existsSync(path.join(dir, format.segmentFileName(waiting)))) {
-        this.#announceArrival(key, waiting);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * One statement that a number is now present here.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {number} index
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  #announceArrival(key, index) {
-    this.announce(key, index);
-    for (const listener of this.#publishedListeners) {
-      listener(key, index);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Announce that a segment is now present. This stores no readiness state;
-   * the file under its served name remains the only fact.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {number} index
-   */
-  announce(key, index) {
-    const byIndex = this.#waiters.get(key);
-    const waiting = byIndex?.get(index);
-    if (!waiting) return;
-    byIndex.delete(index);
-    if (byIndex.size === 0) this.#waiters.delete(key);
-    for (const resolve of waiting) resolve(true);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * How many requests are waiting on this output right now.
-   *
-   * The store's own state, and the one fact that says a wait EXISTS rather than
-   * is about to: a check that ends a wait it has not yet registered proves
-   * nothing, and passes just as well without the thing it is checking.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @returns {number}
-   */
-  waitingFor(key) {
-    let waiting = 0;
-    for (const holders of this.#waiters.get(key)?.values() ?? []) {
-      waiting += holders.size;
-    }
-    return waiting;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Wait for a segment publication event or one deadline. This does not poll
-   * the filesystem.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {number} index
-   * @param {number} timeoutMs - May be infinite: then only the publication or
-   *   `cancelled` ends the wait.
-   * @param {Promise<unknown> | null} [cancelled] - Settles when whoever waits
-   *   has gone, so the waiter does not outlive them.
-   * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
-   */
-  waitFor(key, index, timeoutMs, cancelled = null) {
-    if (this.pathOf(key, index)) return Promise.resolve(true);
-    // An output adopted from a previous process has a directory nobody made in
-    // this one, so the wait itself is the first moment it is watched.
-    this.#watch(key);
-    return new Promise((resolve) => {
-      const byIndex = this.#waiters.get(key) ?? new Map();
-      const waiting = byIndex.get(index) ?? new Set();
-      this.#waiters.set(key, byIndex);
-      byIndex.set(index, waiting);
-      let settled = false;
-      const finish = (published) => {
-        if (settled) return;
-        settled = true;
-        if (timer) clearTimeout(timer);
-        waiting.delete(finish);
-        // Removed only if they are still the sets this waiter joined: an
-        // announcement takes the set out before calling its waiters, and a new
-        // waiter may have registered a fresh one under the same number since.
-        if (waiting.size === 0 && byIndex.get(index) === waiting) byIndex.delete(index);
-        if (byIndex.size === 0 && this.#waiters.get(key) === byIndex) this.#waiters.delete(key);
-        resolve(published);
-      };
-      waiting.add(finish);
-      // No deadline is a wait that ends only on the publication: a timer given
-      // an infinite delay fires at once, which would turn the wait into a poll.
-      const timer = Number.isFinite(timeoutMs) ? setTimeout(() => finish(false), Math.max(0, timeoutMs)) : null;
-      timer?.unref?.();
-      cancelled?.then(() => finish(false));
-      // Publication may have landed after the first path check and before this
-      // waiter was registered. Recheck once after registration so that window
-      // cannot turn a present segment into a full-deadline wait.
-      if (this.pathOf(key, index)) finish(true);
-    });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Clear up after a run that has ended: remove what it left unfinished.
-   *
-   * Every file it left open carries its own tag, so this is a name match and
-   * nothing else — no stretch to search, no bytes to judge, and no chance of
-   * removing a piece somebody else closed.
-   *
-   * WHAT IT REPLACED, because the difference is the whole of the rename design.
-   * It used to take the highest SERVED name inside the stretch the ended run was
-   * given and judge whether its bytes looked usable — a guess, needed only
-   * because an unfinished piece was indistinguishable from a finished one. Under
-   * the naming rule it would now remove a complete segment: the highest served
-   * name in a dead run's stretch is a piece it closed.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {number} startedAt - The run's first segment number, which is its tag.
-   * @returns {number} How many unfinished pieces were removed.
-   */
-  clearUpAfter(key, startedAt) {
-    const format = this.#formats.get(key);
-    if (!format) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    const removed = this.#sweepUnfinished(
-      key,
-      this.directoryFor(key),
-      format,
-      String(Number.isInteger(startedAt) && startedAt > 0 ? startedAt : 0)
-    );
-    if (removed > 0) {
-      this.#logger?.info?.(
-        `segment store: cleared up ${removed} unfinished piece(s) of the run at ` +
-        `#${startedAt} on ${key.slice(0, 60)}`
-      );
-    }
-    return removed;
-  }
-
-
-  /**
-   * Where the file of this name is, or null when this output does not hold it.
-   *
-   * By NAME rather than by number, because that is what a request carries. The
-   * conversion is the store's own business: it is told how this output's files
-   * are named (`useFormat`) and therefore needs nobody else to read one.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {string} fileName
-   * @returns {string | null}
-   */
-  pathOfName(key, fileName) {
-    const format = this.#formats.get(key);
-    const index = format?.segmentIndexFromName?.(fileName) ?? -1;
-    if (!Number.isInteger(index) || index < 0) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    return this.pathOf(key, index);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Forget what this output's directory was last seen to hold.
-   *
-   * What is held is re-read when the directory's modification time moves, which
-   * is how a quiet request costs one `stat`. A caller that has just removed a
-   * file and asks again in the same tick would otherwise be told it is still
-   * there — the time has moved, but only by as much as the clock's own
-   * granularity, and that is not something to depend on.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  forget(key) {
-    this.#held.delete(key);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Where a segment is, or null when this output does not hold it.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {number} index
-   * @returns {string | null}
-   */
-  pathOf(key, index) {
-    this.#touched.set(key, this.#now());
-    return this.refresh(key).byNumber.get(index) ?? null;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * What every output in the store weighs.
-   *
-   * @returns {{ outputs: number, bytes: number }}
-   */
-  stats() {
-    let bytes = 0;
-    for (const key of this.#formats.keys()) {
-      bytes += this.refresh(key).bytes;
-    }
-    return { outputs: this.#formats.size, bytes };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Throw one output's segments away.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {string} because
-   */
-  drop(key, because) {
-    const dir = path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
-    this.#unwatch(key);
-    try {
-      rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
-    } catch {
-      // Already gone, or in use; the next sweep sees it either way.
-    }
-    this.#held.delete(key);
-    this.#formats.delete(key);
-    this.#mediaRanges.delete(key);
-    this.#touched.delete(key);
-    this.#inits.delete(key);
-    this.#logger.info(`segment-store dropped ${directoryNameFor(key)} (${because})`);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * When this output was last asked for, or null where it has never been.
-   *
-   * The one reading that makes the keeping period measurable rather than
-   * guessed: a session opened on an output this answers for IS a return, and
-   * this is its age.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @returns {number | null}
-   */
-  lastReadAt(key) {
-    return this.#touched.get(key) ?? null;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Throw away everything this store owns.
-   *
-   * For a clean exit. What is left on disk afterwards is by definition from a
-   * kill, which is the case the startup sweep exists for — and without this the
-   * sweep adopts, the exit leaves, and the next start adopts again, for ever.
-   *
-   * WHAT IT OWNS IS ITS DIRECTORIES, NOT THE ROOT. The root is a fixed path —
-   * `os.tmpdir()/torrent-tv-hls` — so it belongs to the machine and not to any
-   * one process, and this used to remove it whole. The comment that stood here
-   * named the hazard exactly ("another process may share the root") and did it
-   * anyway.
-   *
-   * Measured 2026-09-14, where a second process is ordinary: `node --test` runs
-   * every test file in its own process in parallel, and four files call this
-   * forty times between them. `segment-serve-wiring.test.js` then reported a
-   * segment missing that it had written itself a moment earlier, 2 to 4 checks
-   * per run, never the same ones — because another process had deleted the
-   * directory under it. The same thing happens to two proxies on one machine:
-   * a bare npm run beside the addon, or the wedge stand beside the product, and
-   * one of them exiting takes the other's segments mid-serve.
-   *
-   * A store removes what it made. It does not remove the container it made it
-   * in, and an empty root costs nothing.
-   *
-   * @param {string} because
-   * @returns {number} How many outputs went.
-   */
-  dropAll(because) {
-    let dropped = 0;
-    for (const key of [...this.#formats.keys()]) {
-      this.drop(key, because);
-      dropped += 1;
-    }
-    // EVERY WATCH GOES, not only the watches of outputs that named their file
-    // format. A directory is made before anything says how its files are named
-    // — `directoryFor` is what a run calls, `useFormat` is a separate statement
-    // — so a store can hold a watch on a key that is in no format list, and
-    // dropping by that list left it open: on Windows the process then does not
-    // exit, which is how this was found.
-    for (const key of [...this.#watchers.keys()]) {
-      this.#unwatch(key);
-    }
-    return dropped;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Keep only what is still being read, and only as much of it as there is room
-   * for.
-   *
-   * **Not tied to a session.** An output is worth keeping while somebody may
-   * still ask for it, and a session ending says nothing about that: the viewer
-   * who left may come back, and a viewer who never had a session here may open
-   * the same film a minute later and find every segment already made. So the
-   * only question asked is when this output was last READ, and the only bound
-   * is the disk.
-   *
-   * The idle period is deliberately long. Its job is not to reclaim space —
-   * that is the cap's — but to stop an output nobody has touched in hours from
-   * sitting there for the life of the process.
-   *
-   * TWO RULES, ANSWERING TWO QUESTIONS. Kept apart because they were briefly
-   * proposed as one and that was wrong: material nobody needs should not sit on
-   * the owner's disk merely because there is room for it, and material everyone
-   * needs must still go when there is no room. The first is time, the second is
-   * space.
-   *
-   * WHAT GOES FIRST WHEN THERE IS NO ROOM is decided by where the viewers are,
-   * not by when a directory was last read. Behind every viewer of an output is
-   * material that has been played and will not be asked for again unless
-   * somebody seeks back; ahead of the furthest viewer is material that will be
-   * asked for, eventually. So the order is: outputs nobody is watching at all,
-   * then what lies behind the earliest viewer, furthest behind first, then what
-   * lies ahead of the furthest viewer, furthest ahead first. It is the priority
-   * map's own order read from the other end.
-   *
-   * A segment a viewer is standing on is never a victim.
-   *
-   * @param {object} params
-   * @param {number} params.idleMs - Untouched for longer than this, and it goes.
-   * @param {number} params.maxBytes - The most the whole store may hold.
-   * @param {(key: string) => number[]} [params.viewersAt] - Where the viewers of
-   *   an output stand, as segment numbers. An empty answer means nobody is
-   *   watching it, which is what makes its segments the first to go. Absent, the
-   *   store has nothing to order by and falls back to the oldest directory —
-   *   which is what it did before it could be told.
-   * @returns {{ droppedIdle: number, droppedForRoom: number, segmentsRemoved: number, bytes: number }}
-   */
-  enforce({ idleMs, maxBytes, viewersAt = null }) {
-    const now = this.#now();
-    let droppedIdle = 0;
-    for (const [key, touchedAt] of [...this.#touched]) {
-      if (now - touchedAt > idleMs) {
-        this.drop(key, `nothing has read it for ${Math.round((now - touchedAt) / 60000)} minutes`);
-        droppedIdle += 1;
-      }
-    }
-    let held = this.stats().bytes;
-    if (!Number.isFinite(maxBytes) || maxBytes <= 0 || held <= maxBytes) {
-      return { droppedIdle, droppedForRoom: 0, segmentsRemoved: 0, bytes: held };
-    }
-    if (typeof viewersAt !== "function") {
-      let droppedForRoom = 0;
-      const byAge = [...this.#touched.entries()].sort((left, right) => left[1] - right[1]);
-      for (const [key] of byAge) {
-        if (held <= maxBytes) {
-          break;
-        }
-        const size = this.refresh(key).bytes;
-        this.drop(key, `the store is over its ${(maxBytes / 1073741824).toFixed(1)}GB allowance`);
-        held -= size;
-        droppedForRoom += 1;
-      }
-      return { droppedIdle, droppedForRoom, segmentsRemoved: 0, bytes: held };
-    }
-
-    let segmentsRemoved = 0;
-    for (const victim of this.#leastWantedFirst(viewersAt)) {
-      if (held <= maxBytes) {
-        break;
-      }
-      held -= this.#removeSegment(victim.key, victim.index);
-      segmentsRemoved += 1;
-    }
-    if (segmentsRemoved > 0) {
-      this.#logger.info(
-        `segment-store removed ${segmentsRemoved} segment(s) for room: ` +
-        `${megabytes(held)} of ${megabytes(maxBytes)} allowed`
-      );
-    }
-    return { droppedIdle, droppedForRoom: 0, segmentsRemoved, bytes: held };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Every segment in the store, least wanted first.
-   *
-   * @param {(key: string) => number[]} viewersAt
-   * @returns {{ key: string, index: number }[]}
-   */
-  #leastWantedFirst(viewersAt) {
-    const candidates = [];
-    for (const key of this.#formats.keys()) {
-      const positions = (viewersAt(key) ?? []).filter((at) => Number.isInteger(at));
-      const earliest = positions.length > 0 ? Math.min(...positions) : null;
-      const furthest = positions.length > 0 ? Math.max(...positions) : null;
-      for (const index of this.refresh(key).byNumber.keys()) {
-        if (earliest === null) {
-          // Nobody is watching this output at all. Everything it holds is worth
-          // less than anything somebody is on their way to.
-          candidates.push({ key, index, rank: 0, distance: index });
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (positions.includes(index)) {
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (index < earliest) {
-          candidates.push({ key, index, rank: 1, distance: earliest - index });
-        } else {
-          candidates.push({ key, index, rank: 2, distance: index - /** @type {number} */ (furthest) });
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return candidates
-      .sort((left, right) => (left.rank !== right.rank ? left.rank - right.rank : right.distance - left.distance))
-      .map(({ key, index }) => ({ key, index }));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Take one segment off the disk.
-   *
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {number} index
-   * @returns {number} What it weighed.
-   */
-  #removeSegment(key, index) {
-    const full = this.refresh(key).byNumber.get(index);
-    if (!full) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    let size = 0;
-    try {
-      size = statSync(full, { throwIfNoEntry: false })?.size ?? 0;
-      rmSync(full, { force: true });
-    } catch {
-      // Gone already, or refused. The next refresh reports what is really there.
-    }
-    this.#held.delete(key);
-    return size;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * What a previous life of this process left on the disk.
-   *
-   * This is the only record there is of a death nobody saw. The kernel kills
-   * this process often enough to matter — two kills in one viewing on
-   * 2026-09-02 — and when it does, no exit handler runs, nothing is cleared up,
-   * and memory is reclaimed while the disk is not: `/tmp` in the addon
-   * container is on the overlay filesystem, measured 2026-09-04, so the files
-   * survive the process and its restart.
-   *
-   * So the sweep reports rather than deletes quietly. What it finds is the
-   * evidence, and every directory it names is one abnormal ending that went
-   * unrecorded.
-   *
-   * @returns {{ directories: number, segments: number, bytes: number, unidentified: number, found: {key: string, dir: string, segments: number, bytes: number}[] }}
-   */
-  sweep() {
-    const found = [];
-    let unidentified = 0;
-    let names = [];
-    try {
-      names = readdirSync(this.#root);
-    } catch {
-      return { directories: 0, segments: 0, bytes: 0, unidentified: 0, found: [] };
-    }
-    for (const name of names) {
-      const dir = path.join(this.#root, name);
-      let key = "";
-      try {
-        if (!statSync(dir).isDirectory()) {
-          continue;
-        }
-        key = readFileSync(path.join(dir, KEY_FILE), "utf8").trim();
-      } catch {
-        key = "";
-      }
-      let segments = 0;
-      let bytes = 0;
-      try {
-        for (const entry of readdirSync(dir)) {
-          if (entry === KEY_FILE) {
-            continue;
-          }
-          try {
-            bytes += statSync(path.join(dir, entry)).size;
-            segments += 1;
-          } catch {
-            // Vanished between the listing and the question.
-          }
-        }
-      } catch {
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (!key) {
-        // A directory that cannot say what it holds is from before this layer,
-        // or its key file did not survive. Nothing can be served out of it,
-        // because nothing can match it to a request.
-        unidentified += 1;
-      }
-      found.push({ key, dir, segments, bytes });
-    }
-    const totals = found.reduce(
-      (sum, entry) => ({ segments: sum.segments + entry.segments, bytes: sum.bytes + entry.bytes }),
-      { segments: 0, bytes: 0 }
-    );
-    if (found.length > 0) {
-      this.#logger.info(
-        `segment-store startup sweep: ${found.length} directories left by a previous run, ` +
-        `${totals.segments} segments, ${(totals.bytes / 1048576).toFixed(1)}MB, ` +
-        `${unidentified} of them unidentifiable — each one is an encoder that ended ` +
-        "without anything recording why"
-      );
-    }
-    return {
-      directories: found.length,
-      segments: totals.segments,
-      bytes: totals.bytes,
-      unidentified,
-      found
-    };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Take back what a previous life left: keep what is proven, remove the rest.
-   *
-   * Deliberately not "throw everything away". A killed process leaves material
-   * that is valid by construction — a copied segment's bytes depend only on the
-   * source — and re-encoding it costs the machine that is already known to be
-   * short of processor. What cannot be kept is a directory that cannot name
-   * itself, and the one file per directory whose closure nothing proves.
-   *
-   * @param {(key: string) => object | null} formatFor - How to read the file
-   *   names of an output, given its key. Null when this proxy cannot serve that
-   *   output at all, and then the directory goes.
-   * @returns {{ adopted: number, dropped: number, unprovenRemoved: number }}
-   */
-  adoptWhatSurvived(formatFor) {
-    const swept = this.sweep();
-    let adopted = 0;
-    let dropped = 0;
-    let unprovenRemoved = 0;
-    for (const entry of swept.found) {
-      const format = entry.key ? formatFor(entry.key) : null;
-      if (!format) {
-        try {
-          rmSync(entry.dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
-        } catch {
-          // Leave it; the next sweep reports it again.
-        }
-        dropped += 1;
-        this.#logger.info(
-          `segment-store discarded ${path.basename(entry.dir)}: ` +
-          (entry.key ? "this proxy cannot serve that output" : "it does not say what it holds")
-        );
-        continue;
-      }
-      this.#formats.set(entry.key, format);
-      // EVERY SEGMENT FOUND IS COMPLETE, because a piece is given its served
-      // name only once the encoder has said it is closed. So there is nothing to
-      // prove here and nothing to un-prove: what the directory holds under
-      // served names is what a killed process finished.
-      //
-      // What it may also hold is pieces it was in the middle of, under their
-      // working names, and those are swept — the file a run was writing when the
-      // kernel took the process is exactly this.
-      unprovenRemoved += this.#sweepUnfinished(entry.key, entry.dir, format);
-      adopted += 1;
-      this.#logger.info(
-        `segment-store adopted ${path.basename(entry.dir)}: ${this.provenNumbers(entry.key).length} ` +
-        "segments a killed process had already finished"
-      );
-    }
-    return { adopted, dropped, unprovenRemoved };
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {number} bytes
- * @returns {string}
- */
-function megabytes(bytes) {
-  return `${Math.round(Math.max(0, bytes) / (1024 * 1024))}MB`;
-}
+/**
+ * @file One store of produced segments for the whole proxy, addressed by what
+ * the segments ARE rather than by who made them.
+ *
+ * Until now a segment lived under the id of the session whose encoder wrote it
+ * — under that session's own id, in a directory of that run's own — and the index
+ * over it was built per session, so a segment was visible only inside the
+ * session that made it. Two viewers of one film got two sessions with
+ * byte-identical output and neither could see the other's work (measured
+ * 2026-09-03, `research/two-viewers-one-file-2026-09-03.md`).
+ *
+ * Here the address is the output's own parameters. Which viewer asked never
+ * enters it, and neither does which encoder produced the bytes: a segment is
+ * the same segment whoever made it.
+ *
+ * **The directory carries its own identity.** Its NAME is a digest, because the
+ * key contains characters a path may not; the key itself is written inside it,
+ * in `key.txt`. That is what lets a new process, started after this one was
+ * killed, work out what it is looking at — without it, everything on disk after
+ * a kill is unidentifiable and can only be thrown away.
+ *
+ * **What proves a segment is closed: its NAME.** A piece being written is called
+ * something else — `making-40-00057.mp4`, tagged with the run writing it — and
+ * takes its served name only when the
+ * encoder has said it is closed, which it does on a channel of its own
+ * (`-segment_list pipe:3`). The `hls` branch needs nothing extra: its muxer
+ * writes through a temporary name of its own, so its files appear under their
+ * final name whole. One rule for both, and true whether or not this process is
+ * alive: **a file under its served name is complete.**
+ *
+ * It was "a segment is closed when the NEXT number exists". That is true of one
+ * writer walking forward and false the moment two runs share an output, because
+ * the next file is then written by another process while this one is still open
+ * — and two runs on one output is not a rare state, it is what the plan gives an
+ * output whenever it places a second encoder. Field 2026-09-08:
+ * `segment-00057.mp4` served at 2 268 361 bytes and then at 4 510 940, exactly
+ * half; the browser appended the half and refused the whole for the rest of the
+ * session, `bufferAppendError` fourteen times with the picture frozen at
+ * 319.66 s. `segment-00055.mp4` the same, 211 957 against 2 620 617.
+ */
+
+import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
+import { existsSync, mkdirSync, readdirSync, readFileSync, renameSync, statSync, watch, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { rmSync } from "node:fs";
+import os from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+
+/** Where every output's segments live. One root for the process. */
+export const DEFAULT_STORE_ROOT = path.join(os.tmpdir(), "torrent-tv-hls");
+
+/** The file inside each directory that says which output it holds. */
+const KEY_FILE = "key.txt";
+
+/**
+ * The directory name for an output key.
+ *
+ * A digest rather than the key itself: the key carries `:` and `/`, which a
+ * path may not, and sanitising them would make two different keys collide.
+ * Sixteen hex characters is enough that a collision is not a thing that
+ * happens, and short enough to read in a log line.
+ *
+ * @param {string} key
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+export function directoryNameFor(key) {
+  return createHash("sha256").update(String(key)).digest("hex").slice(0, 16);
+}
+
+/**
+ * What one output's directory holds, as last read.
+ *
+ * @typedef {object} HeldContents
+ * @property {number} readAt - The directory's modification time when it was read.
+ * @property {Map<number, string>} byNumber - Segment number to full path.
+ * @property {number} bytes - What those files weigh.
+ * @property {number} unproven - The highest number, whose closure nothing
+ *   proves, or -1 when the directory holds no segments.
+ */
+
+export class SegmentStore {
+  /** @type {string} */
+  #root;
+
+  /** Output key → what its directory holds. @type {Map<string, HeldContents>} */
+  #held = new Map();
+  #mediaRanges = new Map();
+
+  /** Output key → how to read its file names. @type {Map<string, object>} */
+  #formats = new Map();
+
+  /** Output key → when it was last asked for. @type {Map<string, number>} */
+  #touched = new Map();
+
+  /**
+   * Output key → the init segment served for it, once one has been read whole.
+   *
+   * A property of the output's produced material, so it lives with that
+   * material and goes when it goes. The player fetches it once and never again,
+   * so the first whole one is kept and every later request gets the same bytes,
+   * even though a re-encoding run rewrites the file on disk.
+   *
+   * @type {Map<string, Buffer>}
+   */
+  #inits = new Map();
+
+  /** Told of every segment published, whatever it is. @type {Set<(key: string, index: number) => void>} */
+  #publishedListeners = new Set();
+
+  /** Segment publication waiters by output key and segment number. @type {Map<string, Map<number, Set<Function>>>} */
+  #waiters = new Map();
+
+  /** Output key → the watch on its directory. @type {Map<string, import("node:fs").FSWatcher>} */
+  #watchers = new Map();
+
+  /** @type {{ info: Function, warn: Function }} */
+  #logger;
+
+  /** @type {() => number} */
+  #now;
+
+  /**
+   * @param {object} [params]
+   * @param {string} [params.root] - Where the directories live.
+   * @param {{ info: Function, warn: Function }} [params.logger]
+   * @param {() => number} [params.now]
+   */
+  constructor({ root = DEFAULT_STORE_ROOT, logger = null, now = Date.now } = {}) {
+    this.#root = root;
+    this.#logger = logger ?? { info: () => {}, warn: () => {} };
+    this.#now = now;
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {string} */
+  get root() {
+    return this.#root;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Where this output's segments live, without making anything.
+   *
+   * Separate from {@link directoryFor} because a session works out its path
+   * long before it is sure it will exist: a probe or a keyframe read between
+   * the two can still fail, and a directory made in advance of that is a
+   * leftover nothing tracks — proxy 2.9.101 failed on every request and its
+   * abandoned directories were the only trace on disk.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key - `OutputSpec.toKey()`.
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  pathFor(key) {
+    return path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The directory this output's segments live in, made if it is not there.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key - `OutputSpec.toKey()`.
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  directoryFor(key) {
+    const dir = path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
+    if (!existsSync(dir)) {
+      mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+      // What this directory is, for whoever finds it after this process has
+      // been killed. Without it the sweep can only throw everything away.
+      writeFileSync(path.join(dir, KEY_FILE), `${key}\n`, "utf8");
+    }
+    this.#touched.set(key, this.#now());
+    // Production is about to begin here, and a piece closing in this directory
+    // is what every held request is waiting for.
+    this.#watch(key);
+    return dir;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Say how this output's files are named, so the store can read its directory.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {{ isSegmentFileName: (name: string) => boolean, segmentIndexFromName: (name: string) => number }} segmentFormat
+   */
+  useFormat(key, segmentFormat) {
+    if (segmentFormat && typeof segmentFormat.isSegmentFileName === "function") {
+      this.#formats.set(key, segmentFormat);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Re-read this output's directory if it has moved since last time.
+   *
+   * A directory's modification time changes when an entry is added or removed,
+   * so a quiet request costs one `stat` rather than a listing.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @returns {HeldContents}
+   */
+  refresh(key) {
+    const format = this.#formats.get(key);
+    const empty = { readAt: 0, byNumber: new Map(), bytes: 0, unproven: -1, largest: { index: -1, size: 0 } };
+    if (!format) {
+      return this.#held.get(key) ?? empty;
+    }
+    const dir = path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
+    let mtime = 0;
+    try {
+      mtime = statSync(dir).mtimeMs;
+    } catch {
+      this.#held.delete(key);
+      return empty;
+    }
+    const known = this.#held.get(key);
+    if (known && known.readAt === mtime) {
+      return known;
+    }
+    const byNumber = new Map();
+    const sizes = new Map();
+    let bytes = 0;
+    let highest = -1;
+    // The biggest piece and which number it is. What reads it is the figure the
+    // master playlist declares: `BANDWIDTH` is the PEAK a link must carry, and
+    // the peak of a variable-bitrate source is nothing like its average — the
+    // field file of 2026-09-08 ran at 17.1 Mbit/s with a piece at 73. Which
+    // number it is matters because pieces are not all the same length, and only
+    // whoever holds the cut table can turn bytes into bits per second.
+    let largest = { index: -1, size: 0 };
+    try {
+      for (const name of readdirSync(dir)) {
+        if (!format.isSegmentFileName(name)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        const index = format.segmentIndexFromName(name);
+        if (!Number.isInteger(index) || index < 0) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        const full = path.join(dir, name);
+        let size = 0;
+        try {
+          size = statSync(full).size;
+        } catch {
+          continue;
+        }
+        // A file of no bytes is not a segment, whatever its name says. It is
+        // what a run killed the instant after opening its next piece leaves,
+        // and taking it for a segment once convinced the look-ahead that a
+        // number had been produced and kept the encoder stopped for it.
+        if (size <= 0) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        byNumber.set(index, full);
+        sizes.set(index, size);
+        bytes += size;
+        if (index > highest) {
+          highest = index;
+        }
+        if (size > largest.size) {
+          largest = { index, size };
+        }
+      }
+    } catch {
+      this.#held.delete(key);
+      return empty;
+    }
+    const contents = { readAt: mtime, byNumber, sizes, bytes, unproven: highest, largest };
+    this.#held.set(key, contents);
+    return contents;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The segment numbers this output holds that are finished.
+   *
+   * ONE PROOF, AND IT IS THE PIECE'S OWN NAME. A piece being written is called
+   * `making-40-00042.mp4`; it is renamed to `segment-00042.mp4` when its writer
+   * says it has closed it, and on the `hls` branch — which has no such channel —
+   * the muxer's own `+temp_file` does the same rename for the same reason. So a
+   * file under the served name is complete, whoever made it and whenever.
+   *
+   * WHAT THIS REPLACED, because the difference is what a viewer felt. Closure
+   * used to be inferred from the NEXT number existing, which is sound for one
+   * writer walking forward and false the moment two runs share an output — and
+   * one-piece intervals guarantee that. Field 2026-09-08:
+   * `segment-00057.mp4` was served at 2 268 361 bytes and then at 4 510 940, the
+   * browser appended the truncated body, and `bufferAppendError` repeated to the
+   * end of the log with the picture frozen at 319.66 s. It also left the last
+   * piece of every run unprovable for ever, since nothing follows it.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @returns {number[]}
+   */
+  provenNumbers(key) {
+    return [...this.refresh(key).byNumber.keys()].sort((left, right) => left - right);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * How many numbered files this output holds, closed or not.
+   *
+   * What the disk has, against what has been proven closed: the two are printed
+   * side by side, so "the files are there and nobody reported them" reads
+   * differently from "there is nothing there".
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @returns {number}
+   */
+  filesHeld(key) {
+    return this.refresh(key).byNumber.size;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The size in bytes of every finished piece of this output, by number.
+   *
+   * Read by whoever keeps what an output's segments carried (roadmap item 97,
+   * step 14). A reading, not a request: it does not mark the output as read,
+   * so it does not keep an output nobody is watching.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @returns {Map<number, number>}
+   */
+  sizesOf(key) {
+    return new Map(this.refresh(key).sizes ?? []);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The biggest piece this output has made, and which number it is.
+   *
+   * Read by whoever declares the variant's peak rate. Bytes alone cannot say
+   * it — pieces are not all the same length — so the number comes with them and
+   * whoever holds the cut table does the division.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @returns {{ index: number, size: number }} An index of `-1` while nothing
+   *   has been made, which is a statement and not a zero.
+   */
+  largestPiece(key) {
+    return this.refresh(key).largest ?? { index: -1, size: 0 };
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Every output whose pieces this store knows how to read: those in use and
+   * those a previous life of the process left.
+   *
+   * @returns {string[]}
+   */
+  addresses() {
+    return [...this.#formats.keys()];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether this piece is finished, and may therefore be served.
+   *
+   * Its NAME is the proof, and there is no second one: a piece being written is
+   * called something else until whoever writes it says it is closed. That holds
+   * for a piece a live run is rewriting — the file standing there was closed by
+   * somebody, and it is replaced whole or not at all — and for a piece left by an
+   * earlier life of this process, which the startup sweep answers the same way.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {number} index
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+  isClosed(key, index) {
+    return this.refresh(key).byNumber.has(index);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove the pieces an output was in the middle of writing.
+   *
+   * They are under working names, so they were never servable and nothing has
+   * to be un-proven — this is disk, not correctness. A process killed by the
+   * kernel leaves one per live run, and the kernel takes this process often
+   * enough for that to matter.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {string} dir
+   * @param {{ makingTagOf?: (name: string) => string | null }} format
+   * @param {string | null} [tag] - One run's own tag, or null for every run's.
+   * @returns {number} How many were removed.
+   */
+  #sweepUnfinished(key, dir, format, tag = null) {
+    let removed = 0;
+    let names = [];
+    try {
+      names = readdirSync(dir);
+    } catch {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    for (const name of names) {
+      const wroteIt = format?.makingTagOf?.(name) ?? null;
+      if (wroteIt === null || (tag !== null && wroteIt !== tag)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      try {
+        rmSync(path.join(dir, name), { force: true });
+        removed += 1;
+      } catch {
+        // Then it stays, costing disk and nothing else.
+      }
+    }
+    if (removed > 0) {
+      this.#held.delete(key);
+    }
+    return removed;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The encoder has closed a piece: give it the name it is served under.
+   *
+   * One rename inside the output's own directory — one filesystem operation, and
+   * atomic there. Before it the file is not a segment and no request can reach
+   * it; after it, its existence IS the proof that it is whole, and that is one
+   * rule for every branch whether or not our own process is alive.
+   *
+   * It replaced a rule that served half a segment: a piece was taken as finished
+   * when the NEXT file existed. That is true of one writer walking forward and
+   * false the moment two runs share an output, because the next file is then
+   * written by another process while this one is still open — and two runs on one
+   * output is not a rare state, it is what the plan gives an output whenever it
+   * places a second encoder.
+   *
+   * Field 2026-09-08: `segment-00057.mp4` was served at 2 268 361 bytes and then
+   * at 4 510 940 — exactly half of it. The browser appended the half and refused
+   * the whole for the rest of the session, `bufferAppendError` fourteen times
+   * over with the picture frozen at 319.66 s. `segment-00055.mp4` went the same
+   * way, 211 957 against 2 620 617.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {string} makingName - What the encoder called it while writing.
+   * @param {{ servedNameOf?: (name: string) => string | null }} format
+   * @returns {string | null} The served name, or null where nothing was renamed.
+   */
+  publish(key, makingName, format) {
+    const served = format?.servedNameOf?.(makingName) ?? null;
+    if (!served) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const dir = path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
+    const index = format?.segmentIndexFromName?.(served) ?? -1;
+    let mediaRanges = null;
+    if (format?.readMediaRanges && index >= 0) {
+      try {
+        mediaRanges = format.readMediaRanges(readFileSync(path.join(dir, makingName)));
+        if (mediaRanges.length === 0) throw new Error("The closed file contains no playable media intervals.");
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.#logger?.warn?.(`segment store: could not read media coverage of ${makingName}: ${error.message}`);
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+    try {
+      renameSync(path.join(dir, makingName), path.join(dir, served));
+    } catch (error) {
+      // The file may already be gone — a process killed between closing the
+      // piece and this line. Said rather than swallowed: a piece the encoder
+      // reported and the disk does not have is worth knowing about.
+      this.#logger?.warn?.(
+        `segment store: could not publish ${makingName} of ${key.slice(0, 60)}: ` +
+        `${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`
+      );
+      return null;
+    }
+    // What the directory holds has changed, so the memory of it is stale.
+    this.#held.delete(key);
+    if (index >= 0) {
+      if (mediaRanges) {
+        const byIndex = this.#mediaRanges.get(key) ?? new Map();
+        byIndex.set(index, mediaRanges);
+        this.#mediaRanges.set(key, byIndex);
+      }
+      this.announce(key, index);
+      for (const listener of this.#publishedListeners) {
+        listener(key, index);
+      }
+    }
+    return served;
+  }
+
+  mediaRangesOf(key, index, { startSeconds = 0 } = {}) {
+    const known = this.#mediaRanges.get(key)?.get(index);
+    if (known) return known;
+    const format = this.#formats.get(key);
+    if (!format?.readMediaRanges) return undefined;
+    const filePath = this.pathOf(key, index);
+    if (!filePath) return undefined;
+    try {
+      let initBytes = this.initOf(key);
+      if (!initBytes && format.initFileName) {
+        try {
+          initBytes = readFileSync(path.join(this.pathFor(key), format.initFileName));
+        } catch {
+          // A header not yet produced is not an empty media interval.
+        }
+      }
+      const ranges = format.readMediaRanges(readFileSync(filePath), { initBytes, startSeconds });
+      if (!ranges) return undefined;
+      const byIndex = this.#mediaRanges.get(key) ?? new Map();
+      byIndex.set(index, ranges);
+      this.#mediaRanges.set(key, byIndex);
+      return ranges;
+    } catch {
+      return [];
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The init segment kept for this output, or null until one was read whole.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @returns {Buffer | null}
+   */
+  initOf(key) {
+    return this.#inits.get(key) ?? null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Keep the init segment served for this output. The first whole one stands;
+   * an empty read is not an init (ffmpeg creates the file before it writes the
+   * header into it) and is refused.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {Buffer | null} bytes
+   * @returns {Buffer | null} The init that now stands for this output.
+   */
+  keepInit(key, bytes) {
+    if (!this.#inits.has(key) && bytes && bytes.length > 0) {
+      this.#inits.set(key, bytes);
+    }
+    return this.initOf(key);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Be told of every segment published: what the store holds has grown, which
+   * is when whether it still fits its share is worth asking.
+   *
+   * @param {(key: string, index: number) => void} listener
+   * @returns {() => void} Stop being told.
+   */
+  onPublished(listener) {
+    this.#publishedListeners.add(listener);
+    return () => this.#publishedListeners.delete(listener);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Watch this output's directory, so a piece closed by ANY writer is an event.
+   *
+   * WHY IT EXISTS, and it is one fault rather than a precaution. A piece is
+   * finished in one of two ways, and only one of them said so. The `segment`
+   * muxer writes under a working name and reports the closure on a channel of
+   * its own (`publish`); the `hls` muxer writes through a temporary name of its
+   * own (`+temp_file`) and reports nothing, so the file simply appears under the
+   * name it is served as. That branch is taken by every re-encoded output on the
+   * even grid — the ordinary quality step — and for those `waitFor` could only
+   * end on its deadline: the segment was on disk and the request that wanted it
+   * went on waiting, up to a full minute, and was then answered 503.
+   *
+   * So the store watches what it owns. The rename into place moves the
+   * directory's modification time, the kernel says so, and both branches reach
+   * one statement: this number is now present. Nothing polls.
+   *
+   * Idempotent, and started from the two places that need it — the directory
+   * being made for a run, and a wait beginning on an output this process has
+   * adopted rather than made.
+   *
+   * WHOEVER REMOVES ONE OF THESE DIRECTORIES GOES THROUGH `drop`, which stops
+   * the watch first. On Linux, where this runs, an open watch does not prevent
+   * a directory being removed; on Windows it does, and `rmSync` then retries
+   * until it gives up — measured, a check that removed a store's directory
+   * behind its back took 110 s instead of 3.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  #watch(key) {
+    if (this.#watchers.has(key)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const dir = path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
+    // Nothing has been made for this output yet. A wait that begins first will
+    // ask again — `directoryFor` is what a run calls before it writes — and
+    // asking the kernel to watch what is not there throws, once for every wait
+    // that begins meanwhile.
+    if (!existsSync(dir)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    try {
+      const watcher = watch(dir, { persistent: false }, (_event, name) => {
+        this.#noticed(key, typeof name === "string" ? name : null);
+      });
+      // A directory that goes away takes its watch with it rather than leaving
+      // an error nobody reads.
+      watcher.on("error", () => this.#unwatch(key));
+      this.#watchers.set(key, watcher);
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Watching is how a wait ends early, not how a segment is found: every
+      // reader still reads the disk. Said rather than swallowed, because a
+      // store that cannot watch holds each request for its whole deadline, and
+      // that is worth knowing before the field says it.
+      this.#logger?.warn?.(
+        `segment store: cannot watch ${key.slice(0, 60)}: ` +
+        `${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stop watching one output's directory.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  #unwatch(key) {
+    const watcher = this.#watchers.get(key);
+    if (!watcher) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.#watchers.delete(key);
+    try {
+      watcher.close();
+    } catch {
+      // Already closed with its directory.
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The directory moved: say what is now there.
+   *
+   * A REMOVAL MOVES IT TOO, so the name is checked against the disk before
+   * anything is announced — otherwise clearing up after a dead run would read
+   * as that run's pieces arriving.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {string | null} name - What changed, where the platform says.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  #noticed(key, name) {
+    // WHAT WAS READ OF THIS DIRECTORY IS STALE. Dropped rather than re-read:
+    // re-reading HERE is quadratic in the pieces of a film — one listing per
+    // file written, of a directory that grows with every file, measured at 110 s
+    // against 3 s over 482 pieces — while dropping costs one listing to whoever
+    // asks next, which is bounded by the questions and not by the writes.
+    //
+    // IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO LET `refresh` NOTICE BY ITSELF. It re-reads when the
+    // directory's modification time has moved, and that time is stated in
+    // milliseconds: a file written in the same millisecond as the last reading
+    // leaves it unmoved, and the piece is then reported absent although it is
+    // there. That is the hazard `refresh` documents and `publish` has always
+    // guarded against by dropping the memory.
+    this.#held.delete(key);
+    const format = this.#formats.get(key);
+    const dir = path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
+    const index = name && format?.isSegmentFileName?.(name)
+      ? (format.segmentIndexFromName?.(name) ?? -1)
+      : -1;
+    if (index >= 0) {
+      // A REMOVAL MOVES THE DIRECTORY TOO, so the one file is asked about
+      // before anything is announced — otherwise clearing up after a dead run
+      // would read as that run's pieces arriving.
+      if (!existsSync(path.join(dir, name))) {
+        return;
+      }
+      this.#announceArrival(key, index);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (name) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // The platform named nothing. Then whoever is waiting asks about their own
+    // piece, which is the same question with the same answer and no guessing.
+    const byIndex = this.#waiters.get(key);
+    if (!byIndex || !format?.segmentFileName) {
+      return;
+    }
+    for (const waiting of [...byIndex.keys()]) {
+      if (existsSync(path.join(dir, format.segmentFileName(waiting)))) {
+        this.#announceArrival(key, waiting);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * One statement that a number is now present here.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {number} index
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  #announceArrival(key, index) {
+    this.announce(key, index);
+    for (const listener of this.#publishedListeners) {
+      listener(key, index);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Announce that a segment is now present. This stores no readiness state;
+   * the file under its served name remains the only fact.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {number} index
+   */
+  announce(key, index) {
+    const byIndex = this.#waiters.get(key);
+    const waiting = byIndex?.get(index);
+    if (!waiting) return;
+    byIndex.delete(index);
+    if (byIndex.size === 0) this.#waiters.delete(key);
+    for (const resolve of waiting) resolve(true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * How many requests are waiting on this output right now.
+   *
+   * The store's own state, and the one fact that says a wait EXISTS rather than
+   * is about to: a check that ends a wait it has not yet registered proves
+   * nothing, and passes just as well without the thing it is checking.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @returns {number}
+   */
+  waitingFor(key) {
+    let waiting = 0;
+    for (const holders of this.#waiters.get(key)?.values() ?? []) {
+      waiting += holders.size;
+    }
+    return waiting;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wait for a segment publication event or one deadline. This does not poll
+   * the filesystem.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {number} index
+   * @param {number} timeoutMs - May be infinite: then only the publication or
+   *   `cancelled` ends the wait.
+   * @param {Promise<unknown> | null} [cancelled] - Settles when whoever waits
+   *   has gone, so the waiter does not outlive them.
+   * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+   */
+  waitFor(key, index, timeoutMs, cancelled = null) {
+    if (this.pathOf(key, index)) return Promise.resolve(true);
+    // An output adopted from a previous process has a directory nobody made in
+    // this one, so the wait itself is the first moment it is watched.
+    this.#watch(key);
+    return new Promise((resolve) => {
+      const byIndex = this.#waiters.get(key) ?? new Map();
+      const waiting = byIndex.get(index) ?? new Set();
+      this.#waiters.set(key, byIndex);
+      byIndex.set(index, waiting);
+      let settled = false;
+      const finish = (published) => {
+        if (settled) return;
+        settled = true;
+        if (timer) clearTimeout(timer);
+        waiting.delete(finish);
+        // Removed only if they are still the sets this waiter joined: an
+        // announcement takes the set out before calling its waiters, and a new
+        // waiter may have registered a fresh one under the same number since.
+        if (waiting.size === 0 && byIndex.get(index) === waiting) byIndex.delete(index);
+        if (byIndex.size === 0 && this.#waiters.get(key) === byIndex) this.#waiters.delete(key);
+        resolve(published);
+      };
+      waiting.add(finish);
+      // No deadline is a wait that ends only on the publication: a timer given
+      // an infinite delay fires at once, which would turn the wait into a poll.
+      const timer = Number.isFinite(timeoutMs) ? setTimeout(() => finish(false), Math.max(0, timeoutMs)) : null;
+      timer?.unref?.();
+      cancelled?.then(() => finish(false));
+      // Publication may have landed after the first path check and before this
+      // waiter was registered. Recheck once after registration so that window
+      // cannot turn a present segment into a full-deadline wait.
+      if (this.pathOf(key, index)) finish(true);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clear up after a run that has ended: remove what it left unfinished.
+   *
+   * Every file it left open carries its own tag, so this is a name match and
+   * nothing else — no stretch to search, no bytes to judge, and no chance of
+   * removing a piece somebody else closed.
+   *
+   * WHAT IT REPLACED, because the difference is the whole of the rename design.
+   * It used to take the highest SERVED name inside the stretch the ended run was
+   * given and judge whether its bytes looked usable — a guess, needed only
+   * because an unfinished piece was indistinguishable from a finished one. Under
+   * the naming rule it would now remove a complete segment: the highest served
+   * name in a dead run's stretch is a piece it closed.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {number} startedAt - The run's first segment number, which is its tag.
+   * @returns {number} How many unfinished pieces were removed.
+   */
+  clearUpAfter(key, startedAt) {
+    const format = this.#formats.get(key);
+    if (!format) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    const removed = this.#sweepUnfinished(
+      key,
+      this.directoryFor(key),
+      format,
+      String(Number.isInteger(startedAt) && startedAt > 0 ? startedAt : 0)
+    );
+    if (removed > 0) {
+      this.#logger?.info?.(
+        `segment store: cleared up ${removed} unfinished piece(s) of the run at ` +
+        `#${startedAt} on ${key.slice(0, 60)}`
+      );
+    }
+    return removed;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Where the file of this name is, or null when this output does not hold it.
+   *
+   * By NAME rather than by number, because that is what a request carries. The
+   * conversion is the store's own business: it is told how this output's files
+   * are named (`useFormat`) and therefore needs nobody else to read one.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {string} fileName
+   * @returns {string | null}
+   */
+  pathOfName(key, fileName) {
+    const format = this.#formats.get(key);
+    const index = format?.segmentIndexFromName?.(fileName) ?? -1;
+    if (!Number.isInteger(index) || index < 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return this.pathOf(key, index);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Forget what this output's directory was last seen to hold.
+   *
+   * What is held is re-read when the directory's modification time moves, which
+   * is how a quiet request costs one `stat`. A caller that has just removed a
+   * file and asks again in the same tick would otherwise be told it is still
+   * there — the time has moved, but only by as much as the clock's own
+   * granularity, and that is not something to depend on.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  forget(key) {
+    this.#held.delete(key);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Where a segment is, or null when this output does not hold it.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {number} index
+   * @returns {string | null}
+   */
+  pathOf(key, index) {
+    this.#touched.set(key, this.#now());
+    return this.refresh(key).byNumber.get(index) ?? null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * What every output in the store weighs.
+   *
+   * @returns {{ outputs: number, bytes: number }}
+   */
+  stats() {
+    let bytes = 0;
+    for (const key of this.#formats.keys()) {
+      bytes += this.refresh(key).bytes;
+    }
+    return { outputs: this.#formats.size, bytes };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Throw one output's segments away.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {string} because
+   */
+  drop(key, because) {
+    const dir = path.join(this.#root, directoryNameFor(key));
+    this.#unwatch(key);
+    try {
+      rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    } catch {
+      // Already gone, or in use; the next sweep sees it either way.
+    }
+    this.#held.delete(key);
+    this.#formats.delete(key);
+    this.#mediaRanges.delete(key);
+    this.#touched.delete(key);
+    this.#inits.delete(key);
+    this.#logger.info(`segment-store dropped ${directoryNameFor(key)} (${because})`);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * When this output was last asked for, or null where it has never been.
+   *
+   * The one reading that makes the keeping period measurable rather than
+   * guessed: a session opened on an output this answers for IS a return, and
+   * this is its age.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @returns {number | null}
+   */
+  lastReadAt(key) {
+    return this.#touched.get(key) ?? null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Throw away everything this store owns.
+   *
+   * For a clean exit. What is left on disk afterwards is by definition from a
+   * kill, which is the case the startup sweep exists for — and without this the
+   * sweep adopts, the exit leaves, and the next start adopts again, for ever.
+   *
+   * WHAT IT OWNS IS ITS DIRECTORIES, NOT THE ROOT. The root is a fixed path —
+   * `os.tmpdir()/torrent-tv-hls` — so it belongs to the machine and not to any
+   * one process, and this used to remove it whole. The comment that stood here
+   * named the hazard exactly ("another process may share the root") and did it
+   * anyway.
+   *
+   * Measured 2026-09-14, where a second process is ordinary: `node --test` runs
+   * every test file in its own process in parallel, and four files call this
+   * forty times between them. `segment-serve-wiring.test.js` then reported a
+   * segment missing that it had written itself a moment earlier, 2 to 4 checks
+   * per run, never the same ones — because another process had deleted the
+   * directory under it. The same thing happens to two proxies on one machine:
+   * a bare npm run beside the addon, or the wedge stand beside the product, and
+   * one of them exiting takes the other's segments mid-serve.
+   *
+   * A store removes what it made. It does not remove the container it made it
+   * in, and an empty root costs nothing.
+   *
+   * @param {string} because
+   * @returns {number} How many outputs went.
+   */
+  dropAll(because) {
+    let dropped = 0;
+    for (const key of [...this.#formats.keys()]) {
+      this.drop(key, because);
+      dropped += 1;
+    }
+    // EVERY WATCH GOES, not only the watches of outputs that named their file
+    // format. A directory is made before anything says how its files are named
+    // — `directoryFor` is what a run calls, `useFormat` is a separate statement
+    // — so a store can hold a watch on a key that is in no format list, and
+    // dropping by that list left it open: on Windows the process then does not
+    // exit, which is how this was found.
+    for (const key of [...this.#watchers.keys()]) {
+      this.#unwatch(key);
+    }
+    return dropped;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Keep only what is still being read, and only as much of it as there is room
+   * for.
+   *
+   * **Not tied to a session.** An output is worth keeping while somebody may
+   * still ask for it, and a session ending says nothing about that: the viewer
+   * who left may come back, and a viewer who never had a session here may open
+   * the same film a minute later and find every segment already made. So the
+   * only question asked is when this output was last READ, and the only bound
+   * is the disk.
+   *
+   * The idle period is deliberately long. Its job is not to reclaim space —
+   * that is the cap's — but to stop an output nobody has touched in hours from
+   * sitting there for the life of the process.
+   *
+   * TWO RULES, ANSWERING TWO QUESTIONS. Kept apart because they were briefly
+   * proposed as one and that was wrong: material nobody needs should not sit on
+   * the owner's disk merely because there is room for it, and material everyone
+   * needs must still go when there is no room. The first is time, the second is
+   * space.
+   *
+   * WHAT GOES FIRST WHEN THERE IS NO ROOM is decided by where the viewers are,
+   * not by when a directory was last read. Behind every viewer of an output is
+   * material that has been played and will not be asked for again unless
+   * somebody seeks back; ahead of the furthest viewer is material that will be
+   * asked for, eventually. So the order is: outputs nobody is watching at all,
+   * then what lies behind the earliest viewer, furthest behind first, then what
+   * lies ahead of the furthest viewer, furthest ahead first. It is the priority
+   * map's own order read from the other end.
+   *
+   * A segment a viewer is standing on is never a victim.
+   *
+   * @param {object} params
+   * @param {number} params.idleMs - Untouched for longer than this, and it goes.
+   * @param {number} params.maxBytes - The most the whole store may hold.
+   * @param {(key: string) => number[]} [params.viewersAt] - Where the viewers of
+   *   an output stand, as segment numbers. An empty answer means nobody is
+   *   watching it, which is what makes its segments the first to go. Absent, the
+   *   store has nothing to order by and falls back to the oldest directory —
+   *   which is what it did before it could be told.
+   * @returns {{ droppedIdle: number, droppedForRoom: number, segmentsRemoved: number, bytes: number }}
+   */
+  enforce({ idleMs, maxBytes, viewersAt = null }) {
+    const now = this.#now();
+    let droppedIdle = 0;
+    for (const [key, touchedAt] of [...this.#touched]) {
+      if (now - touchedAt > idleMs) {
+        this.drop(key, `nothing has read it for ${Math.round((now - touchedAt) / 60000)} minutes`);
+        droppedIdle += 1;
+      }
+    }
+    let held = this.stats().bytes;
+    if (!Number.isFinite(maxBytes) || maxBytes <= 0 || held <= maxBytes) {
+      return { droppedIdle, droppedForRoom: 0, segmentsRemoved: 0, bytes: held };
+    }
+    if (typeof viewersAt !== "function") {
+      let droppedForRoom = 0;
+      const byAge = [...this.#touched.entries()].sort((left, right) => left[1] - right[1]);
+      for (const [key] of byAge) {
+        if (held <= maxBytes) {
+          break;
+        }
+        const size = this.refresh(key).bytes;
+        this.drop(key, `the store is over its ${(maxBytes / 1073741824).toFixed(1)}GB allowance`);
+        held -= size;
+        droppedForRoom += 1;
+      }
+      return { droppedIdle, droppedForRoom, segmentsRemoved: 0, bytes: held };
+    }
+
+    let segmentsRemoved = 0;
+    for (const victim of this.#leastWantedFirst(viewersAt)) {
+      if (held <= maxBytes) {
+        break;
+      }
+      held -= this.#removeSegment(victim.key, victim.index);
+      segmentsRemoved += 1;
+    }
+    if (segmentsRemoved > 0) {
+      this.#logger.info(
+        `segment-store removed ${segmentsRemoved} segment(s) for room: ` +
+        `${megabytes(held)} of ${megabytes(maxBytes)} allowed`
+      );
+    }
+    return { droppedIdle, droppedForRoom: 0, segmentsRemoved, bytes: held };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Every segment in the store, least wanted first.
+   *
+   * @param {(key: string) => number[]} viewersAt
+   * @returns {{ key: string, index: number }[]}
+   */
+  #leastWantedFirst(viewersAt) {
+    const candidates = [];
+    for (const key of this.#formats.keys()) {
+      const positions = (viewersAt(key) ?? []).filter((at) => Number.isInteger(at));
+      const earliest = positions.length > 0 ? Math.min(...positions) : null;
+      const furthest = positions.length > 0 ? Math.max(...positions) : null;
+      for (const index of this.refresh(key).byNumber.keys()) {
+        if (earliest === null) {
+          // Nobody is watching this output at all. Everything it holds is worth
+          // less than anything somebody is on their way to.
+          candidates.push({ key, index, rank: 0, distance: index });
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (positions.includes(index)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (index < earliest) {
+          candidates.push({ key, index, rank: 1, distance: earliest - index });
+        } else {
+          candidates.push({ key, index, rank: 2, distance: index - /** @type {number} */ (furthest) });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return candidates
+      .sort((left, right) => (left.rank !== right.rank ? left.rank - right.rank : right.distance - left.distance))
+      .map(({ key, index }) => ({ key, index }));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Take one segment off the disk.
+   *
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {number} index
+   * @returns {number} What it weighed.
+   */
+  #removeSegment(key, index) {
+    const full = this.refresh(key).byNumber.get(index);
+    if (!full) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    let size = 0;
+    try {
+      size = statSync(full, { throwIfNoEntry: false })?.size ?? 0;
+      rmSync(full, { force: true });
+    } catch {
+      // Gone already, or refused. The next refresh reports what is really there.
+    }
+    this.#held.delete(key);
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * What a previous life of this process left on the disk.
+   *
+   * This is the only record there is of a death nobody saw. The kernel kills
+   * this process often enough to matter — two kills in one viewing on
+   * 2026-09-02 — and when it does, no exit handler runs, nothing is cleared up,
+   * and memory is reclaimed while the disk is not: `/tmp` in the addon
+   * container is on the overlay filesystem, measured 2026-09-04, so the files
+   * survive the process and its restart.
+   *
+   * So the sweep reports rather than deletes quietly. What it finds is the
+   * evidence, and every directory it names is one abnormal ending that went
+   * unrecorded.
+   *
+   * @returns {{ directories: number, segments: number, bytes: number, unidentified: number, found: {key: string, dir: string, segments: number, bytes: number}[] }}
+   */
+  sweep() {
+    const found = [];
+    let unidentified = 0;
+    let names = [];
+    try {
+      names = readdirSync(this.#root);
+    } catch {
+      return { directories: 0, segments: 0, bytes: 0, unidentified: 0, found: [] };
+    }
+    for (const name of names) {
+      const dir = path.join(this.#root, name);
+      let key = "";
+      try {
+        if (!statSync(dir).isDirectory()) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        key = readFileSync(path.join(dir, KEY_FILE), "utf8").trim();
+      } catch {
+        key = "";
+      }
+      let segments = 0;
+      let bytes = 0;
+      try {
+        for (const entry of readdirSync(dir)) {
+          if (entry === KEY_FILE) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          try {
+            bytes += statSync(path.join(dir, entry)).size;
+            segments += 1;
+          } catch {
+            // Vanished between the listing and the question.
+          }
+        }
+      } catch {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (!key) {
+        // A directory that cannot say what it holds is from before this layer,
+        // or its key file did not survive. Nothing can be served out of it,
+        // because nothing can match it to a request.
+        unidentified += 1;
+      }
+      found.push({ key, dir, segments, bytes });
+    }
+    const totals = found.reduce(
+      (sum, entry) => ({ segments: sum.segments + entry.segments, bytes: sum.bytes + entry.bytes }),
+      { segments: 0, bytes: 0 }
+    );
+    if (found.length > 0) {
+      this.#logger.info(
+        `segment-store startup sweep: ${found.length} directories left by a previous run, ` +
+        `${totals.segments} segments, ${(totals.bytes / 1048576).toFixed(1)}MB, ` +
+        `${unidentified} of them unidentifiable — each one is an encoder that ended ` +
+        "without anything recording why"
+      );
+    }
+    return {
+      directories: found.length,
+      segments: totals.segments,
+      bytes: totals.bytes,
+      unidentified,
+      found
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Take back what a previous life left: keep what is proven, remove the rest.
+   *
+   * Deliberately not "throw everything away". A killed process leaves material
+   * that is valid by construction — a copied segment's bytes depend only on the
+   * source — and re-encoding it costs the machine that is already known to be
+   * short of processor. What cannot be kept is a directory that cannot name
+   * itself, and the one file per directory whose closure nothing proves.
+   *
+   * @param {(key: string) => object | null} formatFor - How to read the file
+   *   names of an output, given its key. Null when this proxy cannot serve that
+   *   output at all, and then the directory goes.
+   * @returns {{ adopted: number, dropped: number, unprovenRemoved: number }}
+   */
+  adoptWhatSurvived(formatFor) {
+    const swept = this.sweep();
+    let adopted = 0;
+    let dropped = 0;
+    let unprovenRemoved = 0;
+    for (const entry of swept.found) {
+      const format = entry.key ? formatFor(entry.key) : null;
+      if (!format) {
+        try {
+          rmSync(entry.dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+        } catch {
+          // Leave it; the next sweep reports it again.
+        }
+        dropped += 1;
+        this.#logger.info(
+          `segment-store discarded ${path.basename(entry.dir)}: ` +
+          (entry.key ? "this proxy cannot serve that output" : "it does not say what it holds")
+        );
+        continue;
+      }
+      this.#formats.set(entry.key, format);
+      // EVERY SEGMENT FOUND IS COMPLETE, because a piece is given its served
+      // name only once the encoder has said it is closed. So there is nothing to
+      // prove here and nothing to un-prove: what the directory holds under
+      // served names is what a killed process finished.
+      //
+      // What it may also hold is pieces it was in the middle of, under their
+      // working names, and those are swept — the file a run was writing when the
+      // kernel took the process is exactly this.
+      unprovenRemoved += this.#sweepUnfinished(entry.key, entry.dir, format);
+      adopted += 1;
+      this.#logger.info(
+        `segment-store adopted ${path.basename(entry.dir)}: ${this.provenNumbers(entry.key).length} ` +
+        "segments a killed process had already finished"
+      );
+    }
+    return { adopted, dropped, unprovenRemoved };
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} bytes
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function megabytes(bytes) {
+  return `${Math.round(Math.max(0, bytes) / (1024 * 1024))}MB`;
+}