@torrent-tv/proxy 2.55.14 → 2.57.0

package/services/data-channel-handler.js

@@ -1,949 +1,1133 @@
-/**
- * @file WebRTC data channel request handler (proxy side).
- *
- * When a browser opens a data channel to this proxy, this handler wires up
- * message handlers that implement an HTTP-over-DataChannel protocol:
- * each incoming `request` message triggers a local `fetch` to the Fastify
- * server, and the response is streamed back as base64-encoded chunks.
- *
- * ## Wire protocol
- *
- * Browser → Proxy
- * ```
- * { type: "request",  requestId, method, path, query, headers, body }
- * { type: "ping",     id }
- * { type: "probe-echo", seen: { <label>: seq }, report }
- * ```
- *
- * Proxy → Browser
- * ```
- * { type: "probe",          seq, sentAt }                   (JSON string)
- * { type: "response-start", requestId, status, headers }   (JSON string)
- * { type: "response-error", requestId, error: string }     (JSON string)
- * { type: "pong",           id }                            (JSON string)
- * { type: "subtitle-cues",  fileIndex, trackIndex, cues, language } (JSON string)
- * ```
- * The last one is unsolicited — sent the moment new cues are read from a
- * file's already-downloaded pieces, to whichever channel last asked for that
- * file's subtitles over `/api/subtitles`. Not a response to any `requestId`.
- *
- * Response bodies are sent as BINARY data-channel messages (not JSON), to
- * avoid the ~33% base64 overhead and the JSON encode/decode cost. Each binary
- * frame is laid out as:
- * ```
- * byte 0          flags     (bit 0: done)
- * byte 1          idLen     (length of the requestId in bytes)
- * bytes 2..2+N    requestId (ASCII)
- * bytes 2+N..     payload   (raw body bytes; empty on the final done frame)
- * ```
- * Control messages stay JSON strings so the browser can distinguish them from
- * body frames by message type (string vs ArrayBuffer).
- *
- * The protocol mirrors the tunnel relay protocol so both transports share
- * the same mental model and the same browser-side `WebRtcProxy` implementation.
- */
-
-/** @import { DataChannel } from 'node-datachannel' */
-
-import { deriveSourceKey } from "./torrent-source-key.js";
-import { createDeliveryProbe } from "./delivery-probe.js";
-
-/**
- * Configuration for the data channel handler.
- *
- * @typedef {Object} DataChannelHandlerOptions
- * @property {number} proxyPort
- *   Local port the proxy's Fastify HTTP server is listening on.
- *   Incoming requests are forwarded to `http://127.0.0.1:{proxyPort}`.
- * @property {(message: string) => void} [onLog]
- *   Optional log sink.
- * @property {{ maybeCapture: (trigger: {
- *   sessionId: string, tag: string, label: string,
- *   remote: { address: string, port: number } | null,
- *   queuedBytes: number, stuckForMs: number
- * }) => boolean }} [witness]
- *   The packet witness (services/packet-witness.js). When a wedged queue
- *   crosses {@linkcode SEND_QUEUE_CAPTURE_AFTER_MS} the watcher hands it the
- *   transport snapshot's remote endpoint so a bounded tcpdump can record what
- *   the wire actually did. Optional; absent means no captures are taken.
- */
-
-/**
- * An incoming request message received over the data channel.
- *
- * @typedef {Object} DataChannelRequest
- * @property {string}  requestId
- * @property {string}  method    - HTTP method (GET, POST, …).
- * @property {string}  path      - Request path (e.g. "/api/sources").
- * @property {string}  query     - Raw query string without the leading "?".
- * @property {Record<string, string>} headers - Headers to forward.
- * @property {string | null} body - Request body string, or null.
- */
-
-/**
- * The object returned by {@link createDataChannelHandler}.
- *
- * @typedef {Object} DataChannelHandler
- * @property {(sessionId: string, channel: DataChannel) => void} handleChannel
- *   Wire message handlers onto a freshly opened data channel.
- */
-
-/**
- * Watch one channel's send queue and, when it stops draining, say WHY.
- *
- * A channel that is open, keeps accepting requests and delivers nothing was
- * seen in the field 2026-08-06: the queue grew from 214 049 to 239 731 bytes in
- * fourteen seconds and never fell, while every layer above reported success —
- * the route answered in 15 ms, the handler sent 378 bytes, the channel was
- * open. The viewer sat in front of a spinner for eleven minutes.
- *
- * `bufferedAmount` alone cannot say why: it only proves the bytes are still
- * OURS. The transport counters can, and this is the table the snapshot is read
- * against — written down in advance so the answer is a reading, not an opinion:
- *
- *   bytesSent rising, queue rising    → packets leave, nothing acknowledges
- *                                       them: the return path is broken.
- *   bytesSent flat, queue rising      → SCTP is not transmitting: the peer's
- *                                       receive window is shut or congestion
- *                                       control has collapsed.
- *   bytesReceived rising either way   → the peer is alive and its packets do
- *                                       reach us; the failure is one-way.
- *   both flat                         → nothing crosses at all.
- *
- * Sampled every second; reported only once the queue has failed to fall for
- * {@link SEND_QUEUE_STUCK_MS}, then every second while it lasts, so the trend
- * of every counter is in the log rather than one snapshot of it.
- *
- * @param {string} sessionId
- * @param {string} tag
- * @param {string} label
- * @param {DataChannel} channel
- * @returns {() => void} Stops the watch.
- */
-function makeSendQueueWatcher({ log, getTransportSnapshot, witness }) {
-  // Every channel of one connection reads the SAME transport counters — the
-  // snapshot describes the peer connection, not the channel — so the heartbeat
-  // belongs to the connection and is printed once for it. Printed per channel
-  // it produced two byte-for-byte identical lines (measured 2026-08-14:
-  // `sent=5153491` under both "proxy" and "proxy-control"), which read as two
-  // independent readings agreeing and made the second channel invisible: the
-  // one thing that IS per channel, its queue depth, was the only real
-  // difference and it was buried in a line that looked like a duplicate.
-  //
-  // sessionId → the channels currently open on that connection, and when it was
-  // last reported. Channels are keyed by the channel OBJECT, not by its label:
-  // a label is whatever the peer chose and two channels can carry the same one
-  // (or none, where `getLabel` is missing and both fall back to "?"), and a
-  // Map keyed on that would let one channel evict the other and then, on
-  // closing, delete the survivor's entry. `captureStarted` rides on the same
-  // record: both channels of one wedged connection must ask the witness once,
-  // not once per channel.
-  /** @type {Map<string, { channels: Map<DataChannel, string>, at: number, previous: object | null, unknown: number, captureStarted: boolean }>} */
-  const connections = new Map();
-
-  /**
-   * What each channel of a connection is holding, right now.
-   *
-   * @param {Map<DataChannel, string>} channels
-   * @returns {string} `label:NB` per channel, in the order they opened.
-   */
-  const queueDepths = (channels) => {
-    const parts = [];
-    for (const [openChannel, channelLabel] of channels) {
-      let depth = -1;
-      try {
-        depth = typeof openChannel.bufferedAmount === "function" ? openChannel.bufferedAmount() : 0;
-      } catch {
-        depth = -1;
-      }
-      parts.push(`${channelLabel}:${depth}B`);
-    }
-    return parts.join(" ");
-  };
-
-  return function watchSendQueue(sessionId, tag, label, channel) {
-    let lowestSinceDrain = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-    let stuckSince = 0;
-    let previous = null;
-    let connection = connections.get(sessionId);
-    if (!connection) {
-      connection = { channels: new Map(), at: 0, previous: null, unknown: 0, captureStarted: false };
-      connections.set(sessionId, connection);
-    }
-    connection.channels.set(channel, label);
-    /** @type {ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null} */
-    let timer = null;
-    /**
-     * End this channel's watch and let go of its entry.
-     *
-     * @returns {void}
-     */
-    const stop = () => {
-      if (timer) {
-        clearInterval(timer);
-      }
-      connection.channels.delete(channel);
-      // Only if the map still holds THIS record: a late stop, after the same
-      // session id has been reused and a new record made for it, must not evict
-      // the live one.
-      if (connection.channels.size === 0 && connections.get(sessionId) === connection) {
-        connections.delete(sessionId);
-      }
-    };
-    // Independent of the queue: the transport's own counters, sampled for as
-    // long as the channel is open. The queue was the wrong thing to watch —
-    // field 2026-08-06, a 9.26 MB segment was accepted by the transport with
-    // `maxBuffered=0 bufferedAtEnd=0`, reported as sent at 274 Mbit/s, and
-    // never arrived; everything the proxy sent from that moment on was lost the
-    // same way while requests kept coming the other direction. With nothing
-    // queued this watcher never woke, so the one question that matters — did
-    // those bytes leave the machine — has no answer in the log. It does now.
-    // A connection the transport no longer knows about is gone, whatever the
-    // channel says. `onClosed` is the ordinary way this watch ends, and it does
-    // not always come — a peer connection can die without it, leaving the timer
-    // and this channel's entry behind for the life of the process.
-    //
-    // The count is kept on the CONNECTION: exactly one channel enters the
-    // heartbeat branch per interval, so a per-channel count would advance only
-    // on that channel's turn and the teardown would take three heartbeats per
-    // channel rather than three in total.
-    timer = setInterval(() => {
-      const sampledAt = Date.now();
-      // Whichever channel's timer arrives first past the interval reports for
-      // the whole connection; the others find the timestamp already moved and
-      // skip. So the line appears once however many channels are open.
-      if (sampledAt - connection.at >= TRANSPORT_HEARTBEAT_MS) {
-        connection.at = sampledAt;
-        const snapshot = getTransportSnapshot?.(sessionId) ?? null;
-        connection.unknown = snapshot ? 0 : connection.unknown + 1;
-        if (connection.unknown >= TRANSPORT_UNKNOWN_HEARTBEATS) {
-          stop();
-          return;
-        }
-        if (snapshot) {
-          const sent = connection.previous ? snapshot.bytesSent - connection.previous.bytesSent : null;
-          const received = connection.previous
-            ? snapshot.bytesReceived - connection.previous.bytesReceived
-            : null;
-          connection.previous = snapshot;
-          log(
-            `[dc-transport] ${tag} sent=${snapshot.bytesSent}` +
-            `${sent === null ? "" : ` (+${sent})`} received=${snapshot.bytesReceived}` +
-            `${received === null ? "" : ` (+${received})`} queued[${queueDepths(connection.channels)}] ` +
-            `rtt=${snapshot.rtt}ms pc=${snapshot.state} ice=${snapshot.iceState} pair=${snapshot.pair}`
-          );
-        }
-      }
-      let queued = 0;
-      try {
-        queued = typeof channel.bufferedAmount === "function" ? channel.bufferedAmount() : 0;
-      } catch {
-        return;
-      }
-      if (queued === 0 || queued < lowestSinceDrain) {
-        lowestSinceDrain = queued;
-        stuckSince = 0;
-        previous = null;
-        return;
-      }
-      const now = Date.now();
-      if (stuckSince === 0) {
-        stuckSince = now;
-        return;
-      }
-      if (now - stuckSince < SEND_QUEUE_STUCK_MS) {
-        return;
-      }
-      const snapshot = getTransportSnapshot?.(sessionId) ?? null;
-      if (!snapshot) {
-        log(`[dc] Session ${tag} "${label}": send queue stuck at ${queued}B for ` +
-          `${Math.round((now - stuckSince) / 1000)}s — no transport to ask`);
-        return;
-      }
-      const sentDelta = previous ? snapshot.bytesSent - previous.bytesSent : null;
-      const recvDelta = previous ? snapshot.bytesReceived - previous.bytesReceived : null;
-      previous = snapshot;
-      log(
-        `[dc] Session ${tag} "${label}": send queue stuck at ${queued}B for ` +
-        `${Math.round((now - stuckSince) / 1000)}s — transport ` +
-        `sent=${snapshot.bytesSent}${sentDelta === null ? "" : ` (+${sentDelta})`} ` +
-        `received=${snapshot.bytesReceived}${recvDelta === null ? "" : ` (+${recvDelta})`} ` +
-        `rtt=${snapshot.rtt}ms pc=${snapshot.state} ice=${snapshot.iceState} pair=${snapshot.pair}`
-      );
-      // Roadmap item 10, occurrence 2026-08-24: a wedge this old is the moment
-      // the packet-level truth has to be caught, because no counter above the
-      // wire can name the cause. One attempt per connection — the witness
-      // applies its own single-flight and cooldown rules after that.
-      if (
-        witness &&
-        !connection.captureStarted &&
-        now - stuckSince >= SEND_QUEUE_CAPTURE_AFTER_MS
-      ) {
-        connection.captureStarted = true;
-        const started = witness.maybeCapture({
-          sessionId,
-          tag,
-          label,
-          remote: snapshot.remote ?? null,
-          queuedBytes: queued,
-          stuckForMs: now - stuckSince
-        });
-        if (!started) {
-          // Refused for now (no remote endpoint yet, capture already running
-          // elsewhere, cooldown): let the next tick try again rather than
-          // spending the one attempt per wedge on a refusal.
-          connection.captureStarted = false;
-        }
-      }
-    }, SEND_QUEUE_SAMPLE_MS);
-
-    if (typeof timer.unref === "function") {
-      timer.unref();
-    }
-    return stop;
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * Create a handler for incoming WebRTC data channels.
- *
- * @param {DataChannelHandlerOptions} options
- * @returns {DataChannelHandler}
- */
-import { performance } from "node:perf_hooks";
-import { eventLoopDelay, resetEventLoopDelay } from "../utils/perf.js";
-
-/**
- * Build one body frame: `[flags(1)][idLen(1)][requestId][payload]`.
- *
- * One allocation and one copy. The previous version made two of each — a copy
- * of the chunk into a `Buffer`, then a `concat` that copied it again into the
- * frame — which measured 75.9 ms per 13 MB segment on the field host against
- * 40.0 ms this way, and allocated ~600 extra buffers over a segment's 208
- * chunks. One copy is the floor: chunks arrive from a web stream that allocates
- * them itself, so there is no buffer of ours to read them into.
- *
- * @param {Buffer} idBytes - The request id, already encoded.
- * @param {Uint8Array | null} bytes - Payload, or nothing for the done frame.
- * @param {boolean} done
- * @returns {Buffer}
- */
-export function encodeFrame(idBytes, bytes, done) {
-  const payloadLength = bytes?.length ?? 0;
-  const frame = Buffer.allocUnsafe(2 + idBytes.length + payloadLength);
-  frame[0] = done ? 1 : 0;
-  frame[1] = idBytes.length;
-  idBytes.copy(frame, 2);
-  if (payloadLength > 0) {
-    frame.set(bytes, 2 + idBytes.length);
-  }
-  return frame;
-}
-
-export function createDataChannelHandler({ proxyPort, onLog, getTransportSnapshot, sourceRegistry, witness }) {
-  /**
-   * Channels currently interested in one file's subtitle cues, keyed by
-   * `sourceKey:fileIndex`. Populated the moment a browser asks for an
-   * embedded track — there is no separate subscribe message on the wire, the
-   * existing `/api/subtitles` request already says which file a viewer opened
-   * subtitles for. Pruned on channel close and, defensively, on a failed send.
-   *
-   * @type {Map<string, Set<DataChannel>>}
-   */
-  const subtitleSubscribers = new Map();
-
-  /**
-   * @param {string} sourceKey
-   * @param {number} fileIndex
-   * @param {DataChannel} channel
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  function subscribeSubtitles(sourceKey, fileIndex, channel) {
-    const key = `${sourceKey}:${fileIndex}`;
-    let set = subtitleSubscribers.get(key);
-    if (!set) {
-      set = new Set();
-      subtitleSubscribers.set(key, set);
-    }
-    const isNew = !set.has(channel);
-    set.add(channel);
-    if (isNew) {
-      log(`[dc] subtitle push: channel subscribed to ${key} (${set.size} channel(s) now)`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** @param {DataChannel} channel */
-  function unsubscribeSubtitlesAll(channel) {
-    for (const set of subtitleSubscribers.values()) {
-      set.delete(channel);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Send new cues to every channel watching this file — the push side of
-   * subtitles arriving as they download rather than being polled for. Cues
-   * are tiny (kilobytes at most for a whole track), so this is one message,
-   * not a stream.
-   *
-   * @param {{ sourceKey: string, fileIndex: number, trackIndex: number, cues: object[], language: string }} event
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  function publishSubtitleCues({ sourceKey, fileIndex, trackIndex, cues, language }) {
-    const set = subtitleSubscribers.get(`${sourceKey}:${fileIndex}`);
-    if (!set || set.size === 0) {
-      log(
-        `[dc] subtitle push: ${cues.length} cue(s) for ${sourceKey.slice(0, 8)}:${fileIndex} track ${trackIndex} ` +
-        "found no subscribed channel"
-      );
-      return;
-    }
-    const message = { type: "subtitle-cues", fileIndex, trackIndex, cues, language };
-    const total = set.size;
-    let sent = 0;
-    for (const channel of set) {
-      try {
-        channel.sendMessage(JSON.stringify(message));
-        sent += 1;
-      } catch {
-        // Closed between the subscription and this send; onClosed will not
-        // fire for a channel that is already gone, so drop it here too.
-        set.delete(channel);
-      }
-    }
-    log(
-      `[dc] subtitle push: sent ${cues.length} cue(s) for ${sourceKey.slice(0, 8)}:${fileIndex} track ${trackIndex} ` +
-      `to ${sent}/${total} channel(s)`
-    );
-  }
-
-  /** Request id → its ASCII bytes; see {@link requestIdBytes}. */
-  const requestIdCache = new Map();
-
-  const watchSendQueue = makeSendQueueWatcher({ log: (message) => log(message), getTransportSnapshot, witness });
-  // Numbered probes on every channel, and the browser's echo of what it saw.
-  // The proxy's own counters cannot say whether bytes it handed to usrsctp were
-  // ever put on the wire; the far end can, and it keeps answering throughout a
-  // freeze. See services/delivery-probe.js.
-  const deliveryProbe = createDeliveryProbe({ log: (message) => log(message) });
-
-  /**
-   * @param {string} message
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  function log(message) {
-    if (typeof onLog === "function") {
-      onLog(message);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Wire up the `onMessage`, `onClosed`, and `onError` handlers for a channel.
-   *
-   * @param {string}      sessionId
-   * @param {DataChannel} channel
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  function handleChannel(sessionId, channel) {
-    const tag = sessionId.slice(0, 8);
-    const label = typeof channel.getLabel === "function" ? channel.getLabel() : "?";
-    log(`[dc] Session ${tag}: channel open`);
-    const stopWatchdog = watchSendQueue(sessionId, tag, label, channel);
-    deliveryProbe.attach(sessionId, tag, label, channel);
-
-    // Partial chunked-request bodies in flight on THIS channel, keyed by
-    // requestId. Each entry buffers frames until the done frame, then runs the
-    // assembled request through the same path as a single-message request.
-    /** @type {Map<string, { meta: object, chunks: Buffer[], receivedBytes: number, bodyBytes: number, timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> }>} */
-    const partials = new Map();
-
-    const dropPartial = (requestId) => {
-      const entry = partials.get(requestId);
-      if (entry) {
-        clearTimeout(entry.timer);
-        partials.delete(requestId);
-      }
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * Begin assembling a chunked request. Validates the path and size up front
-     * so an invalid or oversized request never buffers a body.
-     *
-     * @param {any} message - The `request-start` control message.
-     */
-    const startPartialRequest = (message) => {
-      const { requestId, method, path, query, headers, bodyBytes } = message ?? {};
-      if (typeof requestId !== "string" || requestId.length === 0) {
-        return;
-      }
-      if (!isValidRequestPath(path)) {
-        send(channel, { type: "response-error", requestId, error: "Invalid request path." });
-        return;
-      }
-      if (!Number.isInteger(bodyBytes) || bodyBytes < 0 || bodyBytes > PROXY_MAX_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES) {
-        send(channel, { type: "response-error", requestId, error: "Request body too large." });
-        return;
-      }
-      dropPartial(requestId); // replace any stale entry with the same id
-      const timer = setTimeout(() => {
-        const entry = partials.get(requestId);
-        partials.delete(requestId);
-        log(`[dc] Session ${tag}: dropped stale partial request ${requestId.slice(0, 8)} (${entry?.receivedBytes ?? 0}B)`);
-      }, PARTIAL_REQUEST_TTL_MS);
-      partials.set(requestId, {
-        meta: { requestId, method, path, query, headers },
-        chunks: [],
-        receivedBytes: 0,
-        bodyBytes,
-        timer
-      });
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * Handle a binary body frame for a chunked request.
-     * Layout: [flags(1)][idLen(1)][requestId(ASCII)][payload].
-     *
-     * @param {Buffer} buf
-     */
-    const handleBodyFrame = (buf) => {
-      if (buf.length < 2) {
-        return;
-      }
-      const flags = buf[0];
-      const idLen = buf[1];
-      if (buf.length < 2 + idLen) {
-        return;
-      }
-      const requestId = buf.toString("ascii", 2, 2 + idLen);
-      const entry = partials.get(requestId);
-      if (!entry) {
-        return; // stale / already-dropped / aborted
-      }
-      if (flags & 2) {
-        // Aborted by the browser — drop silently, no reply.
-        dropPartial(requestId);
-        return;
-      }
-      if (buf.length > 2 + idLen) {
-        const payload = buf.subarray(2 + idLen);
-        entry.chunks.push(Buffer.from(payload));
-        entry.receivedBytes += payload.length;
-      }
-      if (entry.receivedBytes > entry.bodyBytes || entry.receivedBytes > PROXY_MAX_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES) {
-        dropPartial(requestId);
-        send(channel, { type: "response-error", requestId, error: "Request body size mismatch." });
-        return;
-      }
-      if (flags & 1) {
-        // Done frame — assemble and execute.
-        dropPartial(requestId);
-        if (entry.receivedBytes !== entry.bodyBytes) {
-          send(channel, { type: "response-error", requestId, error: "Request body size mismatch." });
-          return;
-        }
-        const body = Buffer.concat(entry.chunks).toString("utf8");
-        void handleRequest(channel, { ...entry.meta, body }, true).catch((error) => {
-          log(`[dc] Session ${tag}: request error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
-        });
-      }
-    };
-
-    channel.onMessage((raw) => {
-      // Binary messages are chunked-request body frames; the proxy otherwise
-      // only ever receives JSON strings, so the type discriminates cleanly.
-      if (typeof raw !== "string") {
-        handleBodyFrame(Buffer.isBuffer(raw) ? raw : Buffer.from(raw));
-        return;
-      }
-
-      /** @type {DataChannelRequest | { type: string, id?: string }} */
-      let message;
-      try {
-        message = JSON.parse(raw);
-      } catch {
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (message.type === "request") {
-        void handleRequest(channel, message).catch((error) => {
-          log(`[dc] Session ${tag}: request error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
-        });
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (message.type === "request-start") {
-        startPartialRequest(message);
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (message.type === "ping") {
-        send(channel, { type: "pong", id: message.id });
-        return;
-      }
-
-      // The far end's answer to the numbered probes, plus what it can see of
-      // its own receiving. It travels browser to proxy, the direction that goes
-      // on working through a freeze, so it arrives when nothing else does.
-      if (message.type === "probe-echo") {
-        deliveryProbe.noteEcho(sessionId, message);
-        if (message.report && typeof message.report === "object") {
-          const report = message.report;
-          const channels = report.channels && typeof report.channels === "object"
-            ? Object.entries(report.channels)
-                .map(([name, counters]) => `${name}=${counters?.messages ?? "?"}msg/${counters?.bytes ?? "?"}B`)
-                .join(" ")
-            : "";
-          log(
-            `[dc-far] ${tag} visibility=${report.visibility ?? "?"} ` +
-            `loopLag=${report.loopLagMs ?? "?"}ms handler=${report.handlerMaxMs ?? "?"}ms ` +
-            `transportIn=${report.transportBytesReceived ?? "?"} ${channels} ` +
-            `pending=${report.pending ?? "?"} at=${new Date().toISOString()}`
-          );
-        }
-        return;
-      }
-    });
-
-    channel.onClosed(() => {
-      stopWatchdog();
-      deliveryProbe.detach(sessionId, channel);
-      for (const entry of partials.values()) {
-        clearTimeout(entry.timer);
-      }
-      partials.clear();
-      unsubscribeSubtitlesAll(channel);
-      log(`[dc] Session ${tag}: channel closed`);
-    });
-
-    channel.onError((err) => {
-      log(`[dc] Session ${tag}: channel error: ${err}`);
-    });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Fetch a resource from the local proxy HTTP server and stream the response
-   * back to the browser over the data channel.
-   *
-   * The `Host` header is rewritten to `127.0.0.1:{proxyPort}` so that Fastify
-   * routes the request correctly regardless of what the browser sent.
-   *
-   * @param {DataChannel}        channel
-   * @param {DataChannelRequest} req
-   * @returns {Promise<void>}
-   */
-  async function handleRequest(channel, req, viaChunks = false) {
-    const { requestId, method, path, query, headers: forwardedHeaders, body } = req;
-
-    // Reject paths that are not absolute, contain traversal sequences, or
-    // do not start with a known proxy route prefix.  All valid browser-side
-    // requests use /api/*, /stream, /transcode/*, /health, or /healthz.
-    if (!isValidRequestPath(path)) {
-      send(channel, { type: "response-error", requestId, error: "Invalid request path." });
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // Piggy-backs on the browser's own request for an EMBEDDED track — no
-    // separate subscribe message. `trackIndex` is what tells the two request
-    // shapes apart: an external subtitle FILE (no trackIndex) names a
-    // different file's own index in `fileIndex` — the subtitle file's, not the
-    // video's — and subscribing under that would just be a key nothing ever
-    // publishes to (an external file is one whole-file read, not something
-    // this walks incrementally). `fileIndex` alone would also scope this to
-    // the wrong grain for the real case — a torrent can carry several playable
-    // files — so the pair is what a push is ever addressed to.
-    //
-    // The browser's `sourceKey` is a REGISTRY key — a hash of the raw request
-    // bytes, one per (magnet-or-.torrent, this API session). The torrent pool
-    // publishes under its OWN key — the content's infohash, deliberately the
-    // SAME for a magnet and a `.torrent` naming the same film, so the two
-    // share one swarm (item 10). The two are different strings for the same
-    // torrent whenever a source was added by its `.torrent` file (a `.torrent`
-    // and a magnet are different request bytes, same infohash) — subscribing
-    // under the registry key found no publisher for that reason, not because
-    // nothing was ever read: field case 2026-08-22, cues were found and
-    // logged, every push answered "found no subscribed channel". Resolved to
-    // the pool's key here, the one place both are in hand.
-    if (path === "/api/subtitles" && typeof query === "string") {
-      const params = new URLSearchParams(query);
-      const registrySourceKey = params.get("sourceKey");
-      const fileIndex = Number(params.get("fileIndex"));
-      const hasTrackIndex = params.get("trackIndex") !== null && params.get("trackIndex") !== "";
-      if (registrySourceKey && Number.isInteger(fileIndex) && hasTrackIndex) {
-        const record = sourceRegistry?.get(registrySourceKey);
-        if (record) {
-          try {
-            const poolSourceKey = await deriveSourceKey(record.sourceType, record.source);
-            subscribeSubtitles(poolSourceKey, fileIndex, channel);
-          } catch (error) {
-            log(`[dc] subtitle push: could not resolve ${registrySourceKey.slice(0, 8)} to a pool key: ` +
-              `${error instanceof Error ? error.message : error}`);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    const queryInfo = query ? `?${query}` : "";
-    const bodyInfo =
-      body != null && typeof body === "string" && body.length > 0
-        ? ` body=${body.length} bytes${viaChunks ? " (chunked)" : ""}`
-        : "";
-    log(`[dc] ${method} ${path}${queryInfo}${bodyInfo}`);
-
-    const targetUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${proxyPort}${path}${query ? `?${query}` : ""}`;
-    const requestHeaders = { ...(forwardedHeaders ?? {}), host: `127.0.0.1:${proxyPort}` };
-
-    let response;
-    // [net-debug] TEMPORARY: time spent in the local fetch (waiting for the
-    // route to return a response — e.g. long-polling until an HLS segment is
-    // finalized by ffmpeg) vs. the body transfer over the data channel.
-    const fetchStartedAt = Date.now();
-    try {
-      response = await fetch(targetUrl, {
-        method,
-        headers: requestHeaders,
-        body: body != null ? body : undefined,
-        redirect: "manual"
-      });
-    } catch (fetchError) {
-      log(`[dc] ${method} ${path}${queryInfo} → error: ${fetchError?.message ?? String(fetchError)}`);
-      send(channel, { type: "response-error", requestId, error: fetchError?.message ?? String(fetchError) });
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (response.status !== 200 && response.status !== 206) {
-      log(`[dc] ${method} ${path}${queryInfo} → ${response.status}`);
-    }
-
-    /** @type {Record<string, string>} */
-    const responseHeaders = {};
-    for (const [name, value] of response.headers.entries()) {
-      responseHeaders[name] = value;
-    }
-
-    send(channel, { type: "response-start", requestId, status: response.status, headers: responseHeaders });
-
-    if (!response.body) {
-      sendChunk(channel, requestId, null, true);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    try {
-      const reader = response.body.getReader();
-      // [net-debug] TEMPORARY: measure transfer size/time and channel buffering.
-      // fetchMs = time waiting for the route (incl. ffmpeg segment finalization).
-      // ttfbMs  = time from body-read start to the first chunk with data (loopback).
-      // sendMs  = total body read+send duration over the data channel.
-      const fetchMs = Date.now() - fetchStartedAt;
-      const sendStartedAt = Date.now();
-      let firstByteMs = -1;
-      let chunks = 0;
-      let totalBytes = 0;
-      let maxBuffered = 0;
-      // Attribute the transfer to the step that actually consumes the time.
-      // Without this split a slow transfer is indistinguishable between "the
-      // source is slow", "the channel is slow" and "the event loop is blocked",
-      // which is exactly the argument a field seek left unresolved.
-      let readMs = 0;
-      let sendMs2 = 0;
-      let drainMs = 0;
-      resetEventLoopDelay();
-      while (true) {
-        const readStartedAt = performance.now();
-        const { done, value } = await reader.read();
-        readMs += performance.now() - readStartedAt;
-        if (done) {
-          sendChunk(channel, requestId, null, true);
-          const elapsedMs = Date.now() - sendStartedAt;
-          let bufferedNow = 0;
-          try { bufferedNow = typeof channel.bufferedAmount === "function" ? channel.bufferedAmount() : 0; } catch { /* ignore */ }
-          const loop = eventLoopDelay();
-          const mbps = elapsedMs > 0 ? (totalBytes * 8) / (elapsedMs * 1000) : 0;
-          log(
-            `[net-debug] sent ${path}${queryInfo} bytes=${totalBytes} fetchMs=${fetchMs} ` +
-              `ttfbMs=${firstByteMs} sendMs=${elapsedMs} chunks=${chunks} ` +
-              `maxBuffered=${maxBuffered} bufferedAtEnd=${bufferedNow} ` +
-              // Where the time went: reading the body from the local route,
-              // handing chunks to the channel, or waiting for its queue. Plus
-              // the event-loop delay over the same window — a large max here
-              // means the transfer was blocked by synchronous work, not by the
-              // network, and the three figures above will all look inflated.
-              `readMs=${readMs.toFixed(0)} chanMs=${sendMs2.toFixed(0)} drainMs=${drainMs.toFixed(0)} ` +
-              `loopMean=${loop.meanMs.toFixed(1)} loopP99=${loop.p99Ms.toFixed(1)} loopMax=${loop.maxMs.toFixed(1)} ` +
-              `rate=${mbps.toFixed(1)}Mbps`
-          );
-          break;
-        }
-        if (firstByteMs < 0) firstByteMs = Date.now() - sendStartedAt;
-        chunks += 1;
-        totalBytes += value.length;
-        try {
-          const b = typeof channel.bufferedAmount === "function" ? channel.bufferedAmount() : 0;
-          if (b > maxBuffered) maxBuffered = b;
-        } catch { /* ignore */ }
-        const sendStepAt = performance.now();
-        sendChunk(channel, requestId, value, false);
-        sendMs2 += performance.now() - sendStepAt;
-        // Backpressure: do not keep queuing chunks once the channel's outgoing
-        // buffer is large — wait for it to drain. Prevents the SCTP send buffer
-        // from ballooning, which stalls throughput.
-        const drainStepAt = performance.now();
-        await waitForBufferDrain(channel);
-        drainMs += performance.now() - drainStepAt;
-      }
-    } catch {
-      sendChunk(channel, requestId, null, true);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Send a response body frame as a BINARY data-channel message.
-   * Layout: [flags(1)][idLen(1)][requestId(ASCII)][payload].
-   *
-   * @param {DataChannel}            channel
-   * @param {string}                 requestId
-   * @param {Uint8Array | null}      bytes - Body bytes, or null/empty for the done frame.
-   * @param {boolean}                done
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  /**
-   * The request id as bytes, prepared once per request rather than per chunk.
-   *
-   * A segment is a couple of hundred chunks, and each one was re-encoding the
-   * same 32-character string. The map is bounded because request ids are
-   * short-lived and unbounded in number — dropping the whole cache when it
-   * grows costs one re-encode per live request and cannot leak.
-   *
-   * @param {string} requestId
-   * @returns {Buffer}
-   */
-  function requestIdBytes(requestId) {
-    let bytes = requestIdCache.get(requestId);
-    if (!bytes) {
-      if (requestIdCache.size > 64) {
-        requestIdCache.clear();
-      }
-      bytes = Buffer.from(requestId, "ascii");
-      requestIdCache.set(requestId, bytes);
-    }
-    return bytes;
-  }
-
-  function sendChunk(channel, requestId, bytes, done) {
-    try {
-      channel.sendMessageBinary(encodeFrame(requestIdBytes(requestId), bytes, done));
-    } catch {
-      // Channel closed between check and send — safe to ignore.
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Resolve once the channel's outgoing buffer has drained below the low-water
-   * mark. No-op (resolves immediately) when the buffer is already small or the
-   * channel does not expose buffer APIs. A timeout fallback guards against a
-   * missed low-water event so the send loop can never deadlock.
-   *
-   * @param {DataChannel} channel
-   * @returns {Promise<void>}
-   */
-  function waitForBufferDrain(channel) {
-    return new Promise((resolve) => {
-      try {
-        if (typeof channel.bufferedAmount !== "function" || channel.bufferedAmount() <= DC_BUFFER_HIGH_WATER) {
-          resolve();
-          return;
-        }
-        let settled = false;
-        const done = () => {
-          if (settled) return;
-          settled = true;
-          resolve();
-        };
-        channel.setBufferedAmountLowThreshold(DC_BUFFER_LOW_WATER);
-        channel.onBufferedAmountLow(done);
-        // Guard against a race where the buffer drained between the check above
-        // and registering the callback (the low-water event would never fire).
-        if (channel.bufferedAmount() <= DC_BUFFER_LOW_WATER) {
-          done();
-          return;
-        }
-        setTimeout(done, DC_BUFFER_DRAIN_TIMEOUT_MS);
-      } catch {
-        resolve();
-      }
-    });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Serialise `message` to JSON and send it over the data channel.
-   * Errors are silently swallowed — the channel may have closed between
-   * the open check and the actual send.
-   *
-   * @param {DataChannel} channel
-   * @param {object}      message
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  function send(channel, message) {
-    try {
-      channel.sendMessage(JSON.stringify(message));
-    } catch {
-      // Channel closed between check and send — safe to ignore.
-    }
-  }
-
-  return { handleChannel, publishSubtitleCues };
-}
-
-/**
- * Allowed path prefixes for data-channel requests.
- * Only the known proxy API and streaming routes are accepted.
- */
-const PATH_ALLOWLIST_RE = /^(?:\/api\/|\/stream(?:$|\?)|\/?transcode\/|\/health(?:z)?(?:$|\?))/;
-
-/**
- * True when `path` is an absolute, traversal-free path on a known proxy route.
- * Shared by the single-message and chunked request entry points.
- *
- * @param {unknown} path
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-function isValidRequestPath(path) {
-  return (
-    typeof path === "string" &&
-    path.startsWith("/") &&
-    !path.includes("..") &&
-    PATH_ALLOWLIST_RE.test(path)
-  );
-}
-
-/** Max assembled size of a chunked request body (guards proxy memory). */
-const PROXY_MAX_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
-/** Drop an incomplete chunked body if no further frame arrives within this window. */
-const PARTIAL_REQUEST_TTL_MS = 60_000;
-
-/** Pause sending body chunks once the channel buffer exceeds this many bytes. */
-// How often the send queue is sampled, and how long it must fail to fall
-// before the transport is asked what it is doing. Five seconds is far longer
-// than any healthy burst drains in — measured, a 6-11 MB segment leaves in
-// well under a second on the LAN — and short enough that a stuck channel is
-// named while the viewer is still looking at it.
-const SEND_QUEUE_SAMPLE_MS = 1_000;
-// How often the transport's own counters are written to the log, whatever the
-// send queue is doing. Frequent enough to place a loss within a few seconds,
-// sparse enough that a two-hour film costs a few hundred lines.
-const TRANSPORT_HEARTBEAT_MS = 5_000;
-
-// How many heartbeats in a row may find no transport for this session before
-// the watch gives up. Several rather than one, so a momentary gap in the
-// registry does not end a healthy watch.
-const TRANSPORT_UNKNOWN_HEARTBEATS = 3;
-const SEND_QUEUE_STUCK_MS = 5_000;
-// How long a wedged queue waits before the packet witness starts recording the
-// wire. Long enough to be certain this is not a slow drain (a 6-11 MB segment
-// leaves in well under a second, measured), short enough that the capture is
-// still running while whatever broke is breaking — the 2026-08-24 episode
-// began minutes before anyone could have asked for a capture by hand.
-const SEND_QUEUE_CAPTURE_AFTER_MS = 30_000;
-const DC_BUFFER_HIGH_WATER = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
-/** Resume sending once the channel buffer drains to this many bytes. */
-const DC_BUFFER_LOW_WATER = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
-/** Safety fallback so the send loop cannot deadlock on a missed drain event. */
-const DC_BUFFER_DRAIN_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
+/**
+ * @file WebRTC data channel request handler (proxy side).
+ *
+ * When a browser opens a data channel to this proxy, this handler wires up
+ * message handlers that implement an HTTP-over-DataChannel protocol:
+ * each incoming `request` message triggers a local `fetch` to the Fastify
+ * server, and the response is streamed back as base64-encoded chunks.
+ *
+ * ## Wire protocol
+ *
+ * Browser → Proxy
+ * ```
+ * { type: "request",  requestId, method, path, query, headers, body }
+ * { type: "ping",     id }
+ * { type: "probe-echo", seen: { <label>: seq }, report }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Proxy → Browser
+ * ```
+ * { type: "probe",          seq, sentAt }                   (JSON string)
+ * { type: "response-start", requestId, status, headers }   (JSON string)
+ * { type: "response-error", requestId, error: string }     (JSON string)
+ * { type: "pong",           id }                            (JSON string)
+ * { type: "subtitle-cues",  fileIndex, trackIndex, cues, language, cursor } (JSON string)
+ * ```
+ * The last one is unsolicited — sent the moment new cues are read from a
+ * file's already-downloaded pieces, to whichever channel last asked for that
+ * file's subtitles over `/api/subtitles`. Not a response to any `requestId`.
+ *
+ * Response bodies are sent as BINARY data-channel messages (not JSON), to
+ * avoid the ~33% base64 overhead and the JSON encode/decode cost. Each binary
+ * frame is laid out as:
+ * ```
+ * byte 0          flags     (bit 0: done)
+ * byte 1          idLen     (length of the requestId in bytes)
+ * bytes 2..2+N    requestId (ASCII)
+ * bytes 2+N..     payload   (raw body bytes; empty on the final done frame)
+ * ```
+ * Control messages stay JSON strings so the browser can distinguish them from
+ * body frames by message type (string vs ArrayBuffer).
+ *
+ * The protocol mirrors the tunnel relay protocol so both transports share
+ * the same mental model and the same browser-side `WebRtcProxy` implementation.
+ */
+
+/** @import { DataChannel } from 'node-datachannel' */
+
+import { deriveSourceKey } from "./torrent-source-key.js";
+import { createDeliveryProbe, PROBE_INTERVAL_MS } from "./delivery-probe.js";
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the data channel handler.
+ *
+ * @typedef {Object} DataChannelHandlerOptions
+ * @property {number} proxyPort
+ *   Local port the proxy's Fastify HTTP server is listening on.
+ *   Incoming requests are forwarded to `http://127.0.0.1:{proxyPort}`.
+ * @property {(message: string) => void} [onLog]
+ *   Optional log sink.
+ * @property {{ maybeCapture: (trigger: {
+ *   sessionId: string, tag: string, label: string,
+ *   remote: { address: string, port: number } | null,
+ *   queuedBytes: number, stuckForMs: number
+ * }) => boolean }} [witness]
+ *   The packet witness (services/packet-witness.js). When {@link wedgeIsCertain}
+ *   says delivery has stopped, the watcher hands it the transport snapshot's
+ *   remote endpoint: the ring's history is kept and a tail capture records what
+ *   the wire actually does. Optional; absent means no captures are taken.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * An incoming request message received over the data channel.
+ *
+ * @typedef {Object} DataChannelRequest
+ * @property {string}  requestId
+ * @property {string}  method    - HTTP method (GET, POST, …).
+ * @property {string}  path      - Request path (e.g. "/api/sources").
+ * @property {string}  query     - Raw query string without the leading "?".
+ * @property {Record<string, string>} headers - Headers to forward.
+ * @property {string | null} body - Request body string, or null.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The object returned by {@link createDataChannelHandler}.
+ *
+ * @typedef {Object} DataChannelHandler
+ * @property {(sessionId: string, channel: DataChannel) => void} handleChannel
+ *   Wire message handlers onto a freshly opened data channel.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * How long a wedge must hold before the packet witness is asked for evidence.
+ *
+ * Derived per connection rather than chosen, because a chosen number is what
+ * cost the two field captures their onset: the previous rule waited a flat 30 s
+ * and the recording therefore began half a minute after the interesting part.
+ *
+ * Three quantities, all measured on this connection:
+ *
+ *   the queue's own drain time — `queuedBytes / bytesPerSecond`, how long a
+ *   healthy channel would need to clear what is sitting in it, at the best rate
+ *   this very connection has been seen to move bytes at;
+ *
+ *   the longest this connection has EVER paused while healthy — an ordinary
+ *   retransmission timeout stops the accepted-byte counter dead for as long as
+ *   it lasts, because a full send buffer accepts nothing, and a link with loss
+ *   does that routinely. The longest such pause already observed here is what
+ *   the link's own behaviour says a legitimate pause looks like;
+ *
+ *   the interval at which we offer bytes at all — the delivery probe hands
+ *   every channel a message every {@linkcode PROBE_INTERVAL_MS}, so in health
+ *   the accepted-byte counter cannot stand still for longer than that.
+ *
+ * A wedge is certain once ALL of them have passed with the counter unmoved.
+ * Without a rate there is nothing to divide by, and the function says so
+ * instead of guessing.
+ *
+ * @param {{ queuedBytes: number, bytesPerSecond: number, flatForMs: number, longestHealthyFlatMs?: number }} state
+ * @returns {{ certain: boolean, needMs: number | null }}
+ */
+export function wedgeIsCertain({ queuedBytes, bytesPerSecond, flatForMs, longestHealthyFlatMs = 0 }) {
+  if (!(queuedBytes > 0) || !(bytesPerSecond > 0)) {
+    return { certain: false, needMs: null };
+  }
+  const drainMs = (queuedBytes / bytesPerSecond) * 1000;
+  const needMs = Math.max(drainMs, longestHealthyFlatMs, PROBE_INTERVAL_MS);
+  return { certain: flatForMs >= needMs, needMs };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Watch one channel's send queue and, when it stops draining, say WHY.
+ *
+ * A channel that is open, keeps accepting requests and delivers nothing was
+ * seen in the field 2026-08-06: the queue grew from 214 049 to 239 731 bytes in
+ * fourteen seconds and never fell, while every layer above reported success —
+ * the route answered in 15 ms, the handler sent 378 bytes, the channel was
+ * open. The viewer sat in front of a spinner for eleven minutes.
+ *
+ * `bufferedAmount` alone cannot say why: it only proves the bytes are still
+ * OURS. The transport counters can, and this is the table the snapshot is read
+ * against — written down in advance so the answer is a reading, not an opinion:
+ *
+ *   bytesSent rising, queue rising    → packets leave, nothing acknowledges
+ *                                       them: the return path is broken.
+ *   bytesSent flat, queue rising      → SCTP is not transmitting: the peer's
+ *                                       receive window is shut or congestion
+ *                                       control has collapsed.
+ *   bytesReceived rising either way   → the peer is alive and its packets do
+ *                                       reach us; the failure is one-way.
+ *   both flat                         → nothing crosses at all.
+ *
+ * Sampled every second; reported only once the queue has failed to fall for
+ * {@link SEND_QUEUE_STUCK_MS}, then every second while it lasts, so the trend
+ * of every counter is in the log rather than one snapshot of it.
+ *
+ * @param {string} sessionId
+ * @param {string} tag
+ * @param {string} label
+ * @param {DataChannel} channel
+ * @returns {() => void} Stops the watch.
+ */
+function makeSendQueueWatcher({ log, getTransportSnapshot, witness }) {
+  // Every channel of one connection reads the SAME transport counters — the
+  // snapshot describes the peer connection, not the channel — so the heartbeat
+  // belongs to the connection and is printed once for it. Printed per channel
+  // it produced two byte-for-byte identical lines (measured 2026-08-14:
+  // `sent=5153491` under both "proxy" and "proxy-control"), which read as two
+  // independent readings agreeing and made the second channel invisible: the
+  // one thing that IS per channel, its queue depth, was the only real
+  // difference and it was buried in a line that looked like a duplicate.
+  //
+  // sessionId → the channels currently open on that connection, and when it was
+  // last reported. Channels are keyed by the channel OBJECT, not by its label:
+  // a label is whatever the peer chose and two channels can carry the same one
+  // (or none, where `getLabel` is missing and both fall back to "?"), and a
+  // Map keyed on that would let one channel evict the other and then, on
+  // closing, delete the survivor's entry. `captureStarted` rides on the same
+  // record: both channels of one wedged connection must ask the witness once,
+  // not once per channel.
+  /** @type {Map<string, { channels: Map<DataChannel, string>, at: number, previous: object | null, unknown: number, captureStarted: boolean }>} */
+  const connections = new Map();
+
+  /**
+   * What each channel of a connection is holding, right now.
+   *
+   * @param {Map<DataChannel, string>} channels
+   * @returns {string} `label:NB` per channel, in the order they opened.
+   */
+  const queueDepths = (channels) => {
+    const parts = [];
+    for (const [openChannel, channelLabel] of channels) {
+      let depth = -1;
+      try {
+        depth = typeof openChannel.bufferedAmount === "function" ? openChannel.bufferedAmount() : 0;
+      } catch {
+        depth = -1;
+      }
+      parts.push(`${channelLabel}:${depth}B`);
+    }
+    return parts.join(" ");
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * What this connection is getting away, for whoever else needs it.
+   *
+   * The delivery probe judges a late probe against the queue ahead of it, and
+   * the queue's drain time needs a rate. It is measured here already, once a
+   * second, so it is read from here rather than measured twice.
+   *
+   * @param {string} sessionId
+   * @returns {{ bytesPerSecond: number, rttMs: number } | null}
+   */
+  const readDelivery = (sessionId) => {
+    const connection = connections.get(sessionId);
+    if (!connection) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return {
+      bytesPerSecond: connection.bytesPerSecond,
+      rttMs: Number(connection.previous?.rtt) || 0
+    };
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} sessionId
+   * @param {string} tag
+   * @param {string} label
+   * @param {DataChannel} channel
+   * @returns {() => void} Stops the watch.
+   */
+  const watchSendQueue = (sessionId, tag, label, channel) => {
+    let lowestSinceDrain = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+    let stuckSince = 0;
+    let previous = null;
+    // The peer's byte count when this queue stopped falling. What separates a
+    // wedge from an ordinary dead connection is that the far end keeps sending
+    // throughout — measured across the whole wedge window rather than sampled
+    // in a one-second slice, because the browser polls every 1.5 s and plenty
+    // of individual seconds are legitimately empty.
+    let receivedWhenStuck = -1;
+    // Per CHANNEL, not per connection: `proxy-control` and `proxy-fast` hold an
+    // empty queue in health and tick every second, so a flag shared with them
+    // would be cleared a second after the wedged channel set it and the line
+    // would print for every second of a 54-minute episode.
+    let wedgeSaid = false;
+    let connection = connections.get(sessionId);
+    if (!connection) {
+      connection = {
+        channels: new Map(),
+        at: 0,
+        previous: null,
+        unknown: 0,
+        captureStarted: false,
+        // The accepted-byte counter and when it last moved, plus the rate it
+        // was moving at. `wedgeIsCertain` divides the queue by that rate.
+        rateAt: 0,
+        sentAt: 0,
+        sentBytes: 0,
+        bytesPerSecond: 0,
+        longestHealthyFlatMs: 0
+      };
+      connections.set(sessionId, connection);
+    }
+    connection.channels.set(channel, label);
+    /** @type {ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null} */
+    let timer = null;
+    let stopped = false;
+    // Record the wire for as long as this channel is open. Held here rather
+    // than beside `onClosed`, because `onClosed` does not always come — a peer
+    // connection can die without it — and the watch below already ends itself
+    // when the transport stops answering. A hold that outlives its channel
+    // would leave tcpdump writing on an idle proxy for the life of the process.
+    witness?.holdRing?.();
+    /**
+     * End this channel's watch and let go of its entry.
+     *
+     * @returns {void}
+     */
+    const stop = () => {
+      if (stopped) {
+        return;
+      }
+      stopped = true;
+      witness?.releaseRing?.();
+      if (timer) {
+        clearInterval(timer);
+      }
+      connection.channels.delete(channel);
+      // Only if the map still holds THIS record: a late stop, after the same
+      // session id has been reused and a new record made for it, must not evict
+      // the live one.
+      if (connection.channels.size === 0 && connections.get(sessionId) === connection) {
+        connections.delete(sessionId);
+      }
+    };
+    // Independent of the queue: the transport's own counters, sampled for as
+    // long as the channel is open. The queue was the wrong thing to watch —
+    // field 2026-08-06, a 9.26 MB segment was accepted by the transport with
+    // `maxBuffered=0 bufferedAtEnd=0`, reported as sent at 274 Mbit/s, and
+    // never arrived; everything the proxy sent from that moment on was lost the
+    // same way while requests kept coming the other direction. With nothing
+    // queued this watcher never woke, so the one question that matters — did
+    // those bytes leave the machine — has no answer in the log. It does now.
+    // A connection the transport no longer knows about is gone, whatever the
+    // channel says. `onClosed` is the ordinary way this watch ends, and it does
+    // not always come — a peer connection can die without it, leaving the timer
+    // and this channel's entry behind for the life of the process.
+    //
+    // The count is kept on the CONNECTION: exactly one channel enters the
+    // heartbeat branch per interval, so a per-channel count would advance only
+    // on that channel's turn and the teardown would take three heartbeats per
+    // channel rather than three in total.
+    timer = setInterval(() => {
+      const sampledAt = Date.now();
+      // Whichever channel's timer arrives first past the interval reports for
+      // the whole connection; the others find the timestamp already moved and
+      // skip. So the line appears once however many channels are open.
+      if (sampledAt - connection.at >= TRANSPORT_HEARTBEAT_MS) {
+        connection.at = sampledAt;
+        const snapshot = getTransportSnapshot?.(sessionId) ?? null;
+        connection.unknown = snapshot ? 0 : connection.unknown + 1;
+        if (connection.unknown >= TRANSPORT_UNKNOWN_HEARTBEATS) {
+          stop();
+          return;
+        }
+        if (snapshot) {
+          const sent = connection.previous ? snapshot.bytesSent - connection.previous.bytesSent : null;
+          const received = connection.previous
+            ? snapshot.bytesReceived - connection.previous.bytesReceived
+            : null;
+          connection.previous = snapshot;
+          log(
+            `[dc-transport] ${tag} sent=${snapshot.bytesSent}` +
+            `${sent === null ? "" : ` (+${sent})`} received=${snapshot.bytesReceived}` +
+            `${received === null ? "" : ` (+${received})`} queued[${queueDepths(connection.channels)}] ` +
+            `rtt=${snapshot.rtt}ms pc=${snapshot.state} ice=${snapshot.iceState} pair=${snapshot.pair}`
+          );
+        }
+      }
+      // The rate this connection accepts bytes at, and how long that counter
+      // has stood still — both measured every second, whatever the queue is
+      // doing, because the rate has to come from the HEALTHY stretch that
+      // precedes a wedge. One channel updates it for the whole connection.
+      if (sampledAt - connection.rateAt >= SEND_QUEUE_SAMPLE_MS) {
+        connection.rateAt = sampledAt;
+        const snapshot = getTransportSnapshot?.(sessionId) ?? null;
+        const sentNow = Number(snapshot?.bytesSent);
+        if (Number.isFinite(sentNow) && sentNow >= 0) {
+          if (connection.sentAt === 0 || sentNow < connection.sentBytes) {
+            // First reading, or the counter went backwards — a fresh peer
+            // connection reusing this session id. Either way the old baseline
+            // describes a transport that no longer exists, so start over
+            // rather than measure a pause against it for ever.
+            connection.sentBytes = sentNow;
+            connection.sentAt = sampledAt;
+          } else if (sentNow > connection.sentBytes) {
+            const seconds = (sampledAt - connection.sentAt) / 1000;
+            if (seconds > 0) {
+              // The BEST rate this connection has shown, not the latest one.
+              // The latest is usually the quietest: with the browser's buffer
+              // full nothing is requested for tens of seconds and the only
+              // traffic is the probe, a few hundred bytes a second. Dividing a
+              // queue by that gives hours, and the wedge would never be called.
+              const rate = (sentNow - connection.sentBytes) / seconds;
+              if (rate > connection.bytesPerSecond) {
+                connection.bytesPerSecond = rate;
+              }
+            }
+            // How long the counter stood still before this advance. While the
+            // queue is draining that pause was legitimate, so it is the link's
+            // own answer to "how long may a healthy pause be".
+            const pausedMs = sampledAt - connection.sentAt;
+            if (stuckSince === 0 && pausedMs > connection.longestHealthyFlatMs) {
+              connection.longestHealthyFlatMs = pausedMs;
+            }
+            connection.sentBytes = sentNow;
+            connection.sentAt = sampledAt;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      let queued = 0;
+      try {
+        queued = typeof channel.bufferedAmount === "function" ? channel.bufferedAmount() : 0;
+      } catch {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (queued === 0 || queued < lowestSinceDrain) {
+        lowestSinceDrain = queued;
+        stuckSince = 0;
+        previous = null;
+        receivedWhenStuck = -1;
+        wedgeSaid = false;
+        // The queue moved, so whatever was called a wedge has cleared. Let a
+        // later one be recorded too: one mistaken call must not spend the
+        // session's only capture.
+        connection.captureStarted = false;
+        return;
+      }
+      const now = Date.now();
+      if (stuckSince === 0) {
+        stuckSince = now;
+        return;
+      }
+      const snapshot = getTransportSnapshot?.(sessionId) ?? null;
+      if (!snapshot) {
+        if (now - stuckSince >= SEND_QUEUE_STUCK_MS) {
+          log(`[dc] Session ${tag} "${label}": send queue stuck at ${queued}B for ` +
+            `${Math.round((now - stuckSince) / 1000)}s — no transport to ask`);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      const sentDelta = previous ? snapshot.bytesSent - previous.bytesSent : null;
+      const recvDelta = previous ? snapshot.bytesReceived - previous.bytesReceived : null;
+      previous = snapshot;
+      if (receivedWhenStuck < 0) {
+        receivedWhenStuck = snapshot.bytesReceived;
+      }
+      // The periodic line waits for {@link SEND_QUEUE_STUCK_MS}, because a
+      // queue that has merely not fallen for a second is ordinary and a line a
+      // second for it is noise. The WEDGE below does not wait for it: its own
+      // condition already says how long this queue may legitimately take, and
+      // on a fast link that is under a second. Holding the evidence back for a
+      // fixed five seconds would repeat, in miniature, the mistake that left
+      // both field captures without an onset in them.
+      if (now - stuckSince >= SEND_QUEUE_STUCK_MS) {
+        log(
+          `[dc] Session ${tag} "${label}": send queue stuck at ${queued}B for ` +
+          `${Math.round((now - stuckSince) / 1000)}s — transport ` +
+          `sent=${snapshot.bytesSent}${sentDelta === null ? "" : ` (+${sentDelta})`} ` +
+          `received=${snapshot.bytesReceived}${recvDelta === null ? "" : ` (+${recvDelta})`} ` +
+          `rtt=${snapshot.rtt}ms pc=${snapshot.state} ice=${snapshot.iceState} pair=${snapshot.pair}`
+        );
+      }
+      // Roadmap item 11: ask for the packet-level truth the moment the wedge is
+      // CERTAIN, not after a chosen delay. The three facts below are not
+      // ambiguous together — the queue has not fallen, the accepted-byte
+      // counter has not moved for longer than the queue's own drain time at
+      // this link's own speed, and the peer is still sending. The previous
+      // rule's flat 30 s is what left both field captures with no onset in
+      // them. One attempt per connection — the witness applies its own
+      // single-flight and cooldown rules after that.
+      const flatForMs = connection.sentAt === 0 ? 0 : now - connection.sentAt;
+      const verdict = wedgeIsCertain({
+        queuedBytes: queued,
+        bytesPerSecond: connection.bytesPerSecond,
+        flatForMs,
+        longestHealthyFlatMs: connection.longestHealthyFlatMs
+      });
+      const peerStillSending = snapshot.bytesReceived > receivedWhenStuck;
+      if (verdict.certain && peerStillSending && !wedgeSaid) {
+        wedgeSaid = true;
+        log(
+          `[dc] Session ${tag} "${label}": delivery has stopped — ${queued}B queued, ` +
+          `accepted-byte counter unmoved for ${Math.round(flatForMs / 1000)}s against the ` +
+          `${(verdict.needMs / 1000).toFixed(1)}s this queue needs at the ` +
+          `${(connection.bytesPerSecond / 1024).toFixed(0)} KB/s last measured here, ` +
+          "and the peer is still sending"
+        );
+      }
+      if (
+        witness &&
+        !connection.captureStarted &&
+        verdict.certain &&
+        peerStillSending
+      ) {
+        connection.captureStarted = true;
+        const started = witness.maybeCapture({
+          sessionId,
+          tag,
+          label,
+          remote: snapshot.remote ?? null,
+          queuedBytes: queued,
+          stuckForMs: now - stuckSince
+        });
+        if (!started) {
+          // Refused for now (no remote endpoint yet, capture already running
+          // elsewhere, cooldown): let the next tick try again rather than
+          // spending the one attempt per wedge on a refusal.
+          connection.captureStarted = false;
+        }
+      }
+    }, SEND_QUEUE_SAMPLE_MS);
+
+    if (typeof timer.unref === "function") {
+      timer.unref();
+    }
+    return stop;
+  };
+
+  return { watchSendQueue, readDelivery };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a handler for incoming WebRTC data channels.
+ *
+ * @param {DataChannelHandlerOptions} options
+ * @returns {DataChannelHandler}
+ */
+import { performance } from "node:perf_hooks";
+import { eventLoopDelay, resetEventLoopDelay } from "../utils/perf.js";
+
+/**
+ * Build one body frame: `[flags(1)][idLen(1)][requestId][payload]`.
+ *
+ * One allocation and one copy. The previous version made two of each — a copy
+ * of the chunk into a `Buffer`, then a `concat` that copied it again into the
+ * frame — which measured 75.9 ms per 13 MB segment on the field host against
+ * 40.0 ms this way, and allocated ~600 extra buffers over a segment's 208
+ * chunks. One copy is the floor: chunks arrive from a web stream that allocates
+ * them itself, so there is no buffer of ours to read them into.
+ *
+ * @param {Buffer} idBytes - The request id, already encoded.
+ * @param {Uint8Array | null} bytes - Payload, or nothing for the done frame.
+ * @param {boolean} done
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+export function encodeFrame(idBytes, bytes, done) {
+  const payloadLength = bytes?.length ?? 0;
+  const frame = Buffer.allocUnsafe(2 + idBytes.length + payloadLength);
+  frame[0] = done ? 1 : 0;
+  frame[1] = idBytes.length;
+  idBytes.copy(frame, 2);
+  if (payloadLength > 0) {
+    frame.set(bytes, 2 + idBytes.length);
+  }
+  return frame;
+}
+
+export function createDataChannelHandler({ proxyPort, onLog, getTransportSnapshot, sourceRegistry, witness }) {
+  /**
+   * Channels currently interested in one file's subtitle cues, keyed by
+   * `sourceKey:fileIndex`. Populated the moment a browser asks for an
+   * embedded track — there is no separate subscribe message on the wire, the
+   * existing `/api/subtitles` request already says which file a viewer opened
+   * subtitles for. Pruned on channel close and, defensively, on a failed send.
+   *
+   * @type {Map<string, Set<DataChannel>>}
+   */
+  const subtitleSubscribers = new Map();
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} sourceKey
+   * @param {number} fileIndex
+   * @param {DataChannel} channel
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function subscribeSubtitles(sourceKey, fileIndex, channel) {
+    const key = `${sourceKey}:${fileIndex}`;
+    let set = subtitleSubscribers.get(key);
+    if (!set) {
+      set = new Set();
+      subtitleSubscribers.set(key, set);
+    }
+    const isNew = !set.has(channel);
+    set.add(channel);
+    if (isNew) {
+      log(`[dc] subtitle push: channel subscribed to ${key} (${set.size} channel(s) now)`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** @param {DataChannel} channel */
+  function unsubscribeSubtitlesAll(channel) {
+    for (const set of subtitleSubscribers.values()) {
+      set.delete(channel);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Send new cues to every channel watching this file — the push side of
+   * subtitles arriving as they download rather than being polled for. Cues
+   * are tiny (kilobytes at most for a whole track), so this is one message,
+   * not a stream.
+   *
+   * @param {{ sourceKey: string, fileIndex: number, trackIndex: number, cues: object[], language: string, cursor: number }} event
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function publishSubtitleCues({ sourceKey, fileIndex, trackIndex, cues, language, cursor }) {
+    const set = subtitleSubscribers.get(`${sourceKey}:${fileIndex}`);
+    if (!set || set.size === 0) {
+      log(
+        `[dc] subtitle push: ${cues.length} cue(s) for ${sourceKey.slice(0, 8)}:${fileIndex} track ${trackIndex} ` +
+        "found no subscribed channel"
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    const message = { type: "subtitle-cues", fileIndex, trackIndex, cues, language, cursor };
+    const total = set.size;
+    let sent = 0;
+    for (const channel of set) {
+      try {
+        channel.sendMessage(JSON.stringify(message));
+        sent += 1;
+      } catch {
+        // Closed between the subscription and this send; onClosed will not
+        // fire for a channel that is already gone, so drop it here too.
+        set.delete(channel);
+      }
+    }
+    log(
+      `[dc] subtitle push: sent ${cues.length} cue(s) for ${sourceKey.slice(0, 8)}:${fileIndex} track ${trackIndex} ` +
+      `to ${sent}/${total} channel(s)`
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** Request id → its ASCII bytes; see {@link requestIdBytes}. */
+  const requestIdCache = new Map();
+
+  const { watchSendQueue, readDelivery } = makeSendQueueWatcher({
+    log: (message) => log(message),
+    getTransportSnapshot,
+    witness
+  });
+  // Numbered probes on every channel, and the browser's echo of what it saw.
+  // The proxy's own counters cannot say whether bytes it handed to usrsctp were
+  // ever put on the wire; the far end can, and it keeps answering throughout a
+  // freeze. See services/delivery-probe.js.
+  const deliveryProbe = createDeliveryProbe({ log: (message) => log(message), readDelivery });
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} message
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function log(message) {
+    if (typeof onLog === "function") {
+      onLog(message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wire up the `onMessage`, `onClosed`, and `onError` handlers for a channel.
+   *
+   * @param {string}      sessionId
+   * @param {DataChannel} channel
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function handleChannel(sessionId, channel) {
+    const tag = sessionId.slice(0, 8);
+    const label = typeof channel.getLabel === "function" ? channel.getLabel() : "?";
+    log(`[dc] Session ${tag}: channel open`);
+    const stopWatchdog = watchSendQueue(sessionId, tag, label, channel);
+    deliveryProbe.attach(sessionId, tag, label, channel);
+
+    // Partial chunked-request bodies in flight on THIS channel, keyed by
+    // requestId. Each entry buffers frames until the done frame, then runs the
+    // assembled request through the same path as a single-message request.
+    /** @type {Map<string, { meta: object, chunks: Buffer[], receivedBytes: number, bodyBytes: number, timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> }>} */
+    const partials = new Map();
+
+    const dropPartial = (requestId) => {
+      const entry = partials.get(requestId);
+      if (entry) {
+        clearTimeout(entry.timer);
+        partials.delete(requestId);
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Begin assembling a chunked request. Validates the path and size up front
+     * so an invalid or oversized request never buffers a body.
+     *
+     * @param {any} message - The `request-start` control message.
+     */
+    const startPartialRequest = (message) => {
+      const { requestId, method, path, query, headers, bodyBytes } = message ?? {};
+      if (typeof requestId !== "string" || requestId.length === 0) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!isValidRequestPath(path)) {
+        send(channel, { type: "response-error", requestId, error: "Invalid request path." });
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!Number.isInteger(bodyBytes) || bodyBytes < 0 || bodyBytes > PROXY_MAX_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES) {
+        send(channel, { type: "response-error", requestId, error: "Request body too large." });
+        return;
+      }
+      dropPartial(requestId); // replace any stale entry with the same id
+      const timer = setTimeout(() => {
+        const entry = partials.get(requestId);
+        partials.delete(requestId);
+        log(`[dc] Session ${tag}: dropped stale partial request ${requestId.slice(0, 8)} (${entry?.receivedBytes ?? 0}B)`);
+      }, PARTIAL_REQUEST_TTL_MS);
+      partials.set(requestId, {
+        meta: { requestId, method, path, query, headers },
+        chunks: [],
+        receivedBytes: 0,
+        bodyBytes,
+        timer
+      });
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Handle a binary body frame for a chunked request.
+     * Layout: [flags(1)][idLen(1)][requestId(ASCII)][payload].
+     *
+     * @param {Buffer} buf
+     */
+    const handleBodyFrame = (buf) => {
+      if (buf.length < 2) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const flags = buf[0];
+      const idLen = buf[1];
+      if (buf.length < 2 + idLen) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const requestId = buf.toString("ascii", 2, 2 + idLen);
+      const entry = partials.get(requestId);
+      if (!entry) {
+        return; // stale / already-dropped / aborted
+      }
+      if (flags & 2) {
+        // Aborted by the browser — drop silently, no reply.
+        dropPartial(requestId);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (buf.length > 2 + idLen) {
+        const payload = buf.subarray(2 + idLen);
+        entry.chunks.push(Buffer.from(payload));
+        entry.receivedBytes += payload.length;
+      }
+      if (entry.receivedBytes > entry.bodyBytes || entry.receivedBytes > PROXY_MAX_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES) {
+        dropPartial(requestId);
+        send(channel, { type: "response-error", requestId, error: "Request body size mismatch." });
+        return;
+      }
+      if (flags & 1) {
+        // Done frame — assemble and execute.
+        dropPartial(requestId);
+        if (entry.receivedBytes !== entry.bodyBytes) {
+          send(channel, { type: "response-error", requestId, error: "Request body size mismatch." });
+          return;
+        }
+        const body = Buffer.concat(entry.chunks).toString("utf8");
+        void handleRequest(channel, { ...entry.meta, body }, true).catch((error) => {
+          log(`[dc] Session ${tag}: request error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    channel.onMessage((raw) => {
+      // Binary messages are chunked-request body frames; the proxy otherwise
+      // only ever receives JSON strings, so the type discriminates cleanly.
+      if (typeof raw !== "string") {
+        handleBodyFrame(Buffer.isBuffer(raw) ? raw : Buffer.from(raw));
+        return;
+      }
+
+      /** @type {DataChannelRequest | { type: string, id?: string }} */
+      let message;
+      try {
+        message = JSON.parse(raw);
+      } catch {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (message.type === "request") {
+        void handleRequest(channel, message).catch((error) => {
+          log(`[dc] Session ${tag}: request error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
+        });
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (message.type === "request-start") {
+        startPartialRequest(message);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (message.type === "ping") {
+        send(channel, { type: "pong", id: message.id });
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // The far end's answer to the numbered probes, plus what it can see of
+      // its own receiving. It travels browser to proxy, the direction that goes
+      // on working through a freeze, so it arrives when nothing else does.
+      if (message.type === "probe-echo") {
+        deliveryProbe.noteEcho(sessionId, message);
+        if (message.report && typeof message.report === "object") {
+          const report = message.report;
+          const channels = report.channels && typeof report.channels === "object"
+            ? Object.entries(report.channels)
+                .map(([name, counters]) => `${name}=${counters?.messages ?? "?"}msg/${counters?.bytes ?? "?"}B`)
+                .join(" ")
+            : "";
+          log(
+            `[dc-far] ${tag} visibility=${report.visibility ?? "?"} ` +
+            `loopLag=${report.loopLagMs ?? "?"}ms handler=${report.handlerMaxMs ?? "?"}ms ` +
+            `transportIn=${report.transportBytesReceived ?? "?"} ${channels} ` +
+            `pending=${report.pending ?? "?"} at=${new Date().toISOString()}`
+          );
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+    });
+
+    channel.onClosed(() => {
+      stopWatchdog();
+      deliveryProbe.detach(sessionId, channel);
+      for (const entry of partials.values()) {
+        clearTimeout(entry.timer);
+      }
+      partials.clear();
+      unsubscribeSubtitlesAll(channel);
+      log(`[dc] Session ${tag}: channel closed`);
+    });
+
+    channel.onError((err) => {
+      log(`[dc] Session ${tag}: channel error: ${err}`);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fetch a resource from the local proxy HTTP server and stream the response
+   * back to the browser over the data channel.
+   *
+   * The `Host` header is rewritten to `127.0.0.1:{proxyPort}` so that Fastify
+   * routes the request correctly regardless of what the browser sent.
+   *
+   * @param {DataChannel}        channel
+   * @param {DataChannelRequest} req
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   */
+  async function handleRequest(channel, req, viaChunks = false) {
+    const { requestId, method, path, query, headers: forwardedHeaders, body } = req;
+
+    // Reject paths that are not absolute, contain traversal sequences, or
+    // do not start with a known proxy route prefix.  All valid browser-side
+    // requests use /api/*, /stream, /transcode/*, /health, or /healthz.
+    if (!isValidRequestPath(path)) {
+      send(channel, { type: "response-error", requestId, error: "Invalid request path." });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Piggy-backs on the browser's own request for an EMBEDDED track — no
+    // separate subscribe message. `trackIndex` is what tells the two request
+    // shapes apart: an external subtitle FILE (no trackIndex) names a
+    // different file's own index in `fileIndex` — the subtitle file's, not the
+    // video's — and subscribing under that would just be a key nothing ever
+    // publishes to (an external file is one whole-file read, not something
+    // this walks incrementally). `fileIndex` alone would also scope this to
+    // the wrong grain for the real case — a torrent can carry several playable
+    // files — so the pair is what a push is ever addressed to.
+    //
+    // The browser's `sourceKey` is a REGISTRY key — a hash of the raw request
+    // bytes, one per (magnet-or-.torrent, this API session). The torrent pool
+    // publishes under its OWN key — the content's infohash, deliberately the
+    // SAME for a magnet and a `.torrent` naming the same film, so the two
+    // share one swarm (item 10). The two are different strings for the same
+    // torrent whenever a source was added by its `.torrent` file (a `.torrent`
+    // and a magnet are different request bytes, same infohash) — subscribing
+    // under the registry key found no publisher for that reason, not because
+    // nothing was ever read: field case 2026-08-22, cues were found and
+    // logged, every push answered "found no subscribed channel". Resolved to
+    // the pool's key here, the one place both are in hand.
+    if (path === "/api/subtitles" && typeof query === "string") {
+      const params = new URLSearchParams(query);
+      const registrySourceKey = params.get("sourceKey");
+      const fileIndex = Number(params.get("fileIndex"));
+      const hasTrackIndex = params.get("trackIndex") !== null && params.get("trackIndex") !== "";
+      if (registrySourceKey && Number.isInteger(fileIndex) && hasTrackIndex) {
+        const record = sourceRegistry?.get(registrySourceKey);
+        if (record) {
+          try {
+            const poolSourceKey = await deriveSourceKey(record.sourceType, record.source);
+            subscribeSubtitles(poolSourceKey, fileIndex, channel);
+          } catch (error) {
+            log(`[dc] subtitle push: could not resolve ${registrySourceKey.slice(0, 8)} to a pool key: ` +
+              `${error instanceof Error ? error.message : error}`);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    const queryInfo = query ? `?${query}` : "";
+    const bodyInfo =
+      body != null && typeof body === "string" && body.length > 0
+        ? ` body=${body.length} bytes${viaChunks ? " (chunked)" : ""}`
+        : "";
+    log(`[dc] ${method} ${path}${queryInfo}${bodyInfo}`);
+
+    const targetUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${proxyPort}${path}${query ? `?${query}` : ""}`;
+    const requestHeaders = { ...(forwardedHeaders ?? {}), host: `127.0.0.1:${proxyPort}` };
+
+    let response;
+    // [net-debug] TEMPORARY: time spent in the local fetch (waiting for the
+    // route to return a response — e.g. long-polling until an HLS segment is
+    // finalized by ffmpeg) vs. the body transfer over the data channel.
+    const fetchStartedAt = Date.now();
+    try {
+      response = await fetch(targetUrl, {
+        method,
+        headers: requestHeaders,
+        body: body != null ? body : undefined,
+        redirect: "manual"
+      });
+    } catch (fetchError) {
+      log(`[dc] ${method} ${path}${queryInfo} → error: ${fetchError?.message ?? String(fetchError)}`);
+      send(channel, { type: "response-error", requestId, error: fetchError?.message ?? String(fetchError) });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (response.status !== 200 && response.status !== 206) {
+      log(`[dc] ${method} ${path}${queryInfo} → ${response.status}`);
+    }
+
+    /** @type {Record<string, string>} */
+    const responseHeaders = {};
+    for (const [name, value] of response.headers.entries()) {
+      responseHeaders[name] = value;
+    }
+
+    send(channel, { type: "response-start", requestId, status: response.status, headers: responseHeaders });
+
+    if (!response.body) {
+      sendChunk(channel, requestId, null, true);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const reader = response.body.getReader();
+      // [net-debug] TEMPORARY: measure transfer size/time and channel buffering.
+      // fetchMs = time waiting for the route (incl. ffmpeg segment finalization).
+      // ttfbMs  = time from body-read start to the first chunk with data (loopback).
+      // sendMs  = total body read+send duration over the data channel.
+      const fetchMs = Date.now() - fetchStartedAt;
+      const sendStartedAt = Date.now();
+      let firstByteMs = -1;
+      let chunks = 0;
+      let totalBytes = 0;
+      let maxBuffered = 0;
+      // Attribute the transfer to the step that actually consumes the time.
+      // Without this split a slow transfer is indistinguishable between "the
+      // source is slow", "the channel is slow" and "the event loop is blocked",
+      // which is exactly the argument a field seek left unresolved.
+      let readMs = 0;
+      let sendMs2 = 0;
+      let drainMs = 0;
+      resetEventLoopDelay();
+      while (true) {
+        const readStartedAt = performance.now();
+        const { done, value } = await reader.read();
+        readMs += performance.now() - readStartedAt;
+        if (done) {
+          sendChunk(channel, requestId, null, true);
+          const elapsedMs = Date.now() - sendStartedAt;
+          let bufferedNow = 0;
+          try { bufferedNow = typeof channel.bufferedAmount === "function" ? channel.bufferedAmount() : 0; } catch { /* ignore */ }
+          const loop = eventLoopDelay();
+          const mbps = elapsedMs > 0 ? (totalBytes * 8) / (elapsedMs * 1000) : 0;
+          log(
+            `[net-debug] sent ${path}${queryInfo} bytes=${totalBytes} fetchMs=${fetchMs} ` +
+              `ttfbMs=${firstByteMs} sendMs=${elapsedMs} chunks=${chunks} ` +
+              `maxBuffered=${maxBuffered} bufferedAtEnd=${bufferedNow} ` +
+              // Where the time went: reading the body from the local route,
+              // handing chunks to the channel, or waiting for its queue. Plus
+              // the event-loop delay over the same window — a large max here
+              // means the transfer was blocked by synchronous work, not by the
+              // network, and the three figures above will all look inflated.
+              `readMs=${readMs.toFixed(0)} chanMs=${sendMs2.toFixed(0)} drainMs=${drainMs.toFixed(0)} ` +
+              `loopMean=${loop.meanMs.toFixed(1)} loopP99=${loop.p99Ms.toFixed(1)} loopMax=${loop.maxMs.toFixed(1)} ` +
+              `rate=${mbps.toFixed(1)}Mbps`
+          );
+          break;
+        }
+        if (firstByteMs < 0) firstByteMs = Date.now() - sendStartedAt;
+        chunks += 1;
+        totalBytes += value.length;
+        try {
+          const b = typeof channel.bufferedAmount === "function" ? channel.bufferedAmount() : 0;
+          if (b > maxBuffered) maxBuffered = b;
+        } catch { /* ignore */ }
+        const sendStepAt = performance.now();
+        sendChunk(channel, requestId, value, false);
+        sendMs2 += performance.now() - sendStepAt;
+        // Backpressure: do not keep queuing chunks once the channel's outgoing
+        // buffer is large — wait for it to drain. Prevents the SCTP send buffer
+        // from ballooning, which stalls throughput.
+        const drainStepAt = performance.now();
+        await waitForBufferDrain(channel);
+        drainMs += performance.now() - drainStepAt;
+      }
+    } catch {
+      sendChunk(channel, requestId, null, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Send a response body frame as a BINARY data-channel message.
+   * Layout: [flags(1)][idLen(1)][requestId(ASCII)][payload].
+   *
+   * @param {DataChannel}            channel
+   * @param {string}                 requestId
+   * @param {Uint8Array | null}      bytes - Body bytes, or null/empty for the done frame.
+   * @param {boolean}                done
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  /**
+   * The request id as bytes, prepared once per request rather than per chunk.
+   *
+   * A segment is a couple of hundred chunks, and each one was re-encoding the
+   * same 32-character string. The map is bounded because request ids are
+   * short-lived and unbounded in number — dropping the whole cache when it
+   * grows costs one re-encode per live request and cannot leak.
+   *
+   * @param {string} requestId
+   * @returns {Buffer}
+   */
+  function requestIdBytes(requestId) {
+    let bytes = requestIdCache.get(requestId);
+    if (!bytes) {
+      if (requestIdCache.size > 64) {
+        requestIdCache.clear();
+      }
+      bytes = Buffer.from(requestId, "ascii");
+      requestIdCache.set(requestId, bytes);
+    }
+    return bytes;
+  }
+
+  function sendChunk(channel, requestId, bytes, done) {
+    try {
+      channel.sendMessageBinary(encodeFrame(requestIdBytes(requestId), bytes, done));
+    } catch {
+      // Channel closed between check and send — safe to ignore.
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve once the channel's outgoing buffer has drained below the low-water
+   * mark. No-op (resolves immediately) when the buffer is already small or the
+   * channel does not expose buffer APIs. A timeout fallback guards against a
+   * missed low-water event so the send loop can never deadlock.
+   *
+   * @param {DataChannel} channel
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   */
+  function waitForBufferDrain(channel) {
+    return new Promise((resolve) => {
+      try {
+        if (typeof channel.bufferedAmount !== "function" || channel.bufferedAmount() <= DC_BUFFER_HIGH_WATER) {
+          resolve();
+          return;
+        }
+        let settled = false;
+        const done = () => {
+          if (settled) return;
+          settled = true;
+          resolve();
+        };
+        channel.setBufferedAmountLowThreshold(DC_BUFFER_LOW_WATER);
+        channel.onBufferedAmountLow(done);
+        // Guard against a race where the buffer drained between the check above
+        // and registering the callback (the low-water event would never fire).
+        if (channel.bufferedAmount() <= DC_BUFFER_LOW_WATER) {
+          done();
+          return;
+        }
+        setTimeout(done, DC_BUFFER_DRAIN_TIMEOUT_MS);
+      } catch {
+        resolve();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serialise `message` to JSON and send it over the data channel.
+   * Errors are silently swallowed — the channel may have closed between
+   * the open check and the actual send.
+   *
+   * @param {DataChannel} channel
+   * @param {object}      message
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  function send(channel, message) {
+    try {
+      channel.sendMessage(JSON.stringify(message));
+    } catch {
+      // Channel closed between check and send — safe to ignore.
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { handleChannel, publishSubtitleCues };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Allowed path prefixes for data-channel requests.
+ * Only the known proxy API and streaming routes are accepted.
+ */
+const PATH_ALLOWLIST_RE = /^(?:\/api\/|\/stream(?:$|\?)|\/?transcode\/|\/health(?:z)?(?:$|\?))/;
+
+/**
+ * True when `path` is an absolute, traversal-free path on a known proxy route.
+ * Shared by the single-message and chunked request entry points.
+ *
+ * @param {unknown} path
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function isValidRequestPath(path) {
+  return (
+    typeof path === "string" &&
+    path.startsWith("/") &&
+    !path.includes("..") &&
+    PATH_ALLOWLIST_RE.test(path)
+  );
+}
+
+/** Max assembled size of a chunked request body (guards proxy memory). */
+const PROXY_MAX_REQUEST_BODY_BYTES = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
+/** Drop an incomplete chunked body if no further frame arrives within this window. */
+const PARTIAL_REQUEST_TTL_MS = 60_000;
+
+/** Pause sending body chunks once the channel buffer exceeds this many bytes. */
+// How often the send queue is sampled, and how long it must fail to fall
+// before the transport is asked what it is doing. Five seconds is far longer
+// than any healthy burst drains in — measured, a 6-11 MB segment leaves in
+// well under a second on the LAN — and short enough that a stuck channel is
+// named while the viewer is still looking at it.
+const SEND_QUEUE_SAMPLE_MS = 1_000;
+// How often the transport's own counters are written to the log, whatever the
+// send queue is doing. Frequent enough to place a loss within a few seconds,
+// sparse enough that a two-hour film costs a few hundred lines.
+const TRANSPORT_HEARTBEAT_MS = 5_000;
+
+// How many heartbeats in a row may find no transport for this session before
+// the watch gives up. Several rather than one, so a momentary gap in the
+// registry does not end a healthy watch.
+const TRANSPORT_UNKNOWN_HEARTBEATS = 3;
+const SEND_QUEUE_STUCK_MS = 5_000;
+const DC_BUFFER_HIGH_WATER = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
+/** Resume sending once the channel buffer drains to this many bytes. */
+const DC_BUFFER_LOW_WATER = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
+/** Safety fallback so the send loop cannot deadlock on a missed drain event. */
+const DC_BUFFER_DRAIN_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;