@tldraw/sync-core 4.2.0-next.f100cedfc45b → 4.3.0-canary.d8da2a99f394

package/dist-esm/lib/diff.mjs.map

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "version": 3,
   "sources": ["../../src/lib/diff.ts"],
-  "sourcesContent": ["import { RecordsDiff, UnknownRecord } from '@tldraw/store'\nimport { isEqual, objectMapEntries, objectMapValues } from '@tldraw/utils'\n\n/**\n * Constants representing the types of operations that can be applied to records in network diffs.\n * These operations describe how a record has been modified during synchronization.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport const RecordOpType = {\n\tPut: 'put',\n\tPatch: 'patch',\n\tRemove: 'remove',\n} as const\n\n/**\n * Union type of all possible record operation types.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type RecordOpType = (typeof RecordOpType)[keyof typeof RecordOpType]\n\n/**\n * Represents a single operation to be applied to a record during synchronization.\n *\n * @param R - The record type being operated on\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type RecordOp<R extends UnknownRecord> =\n\t| [typeof RecordOpType.Put, R]\n\t| [typeof RecordOpType.Patch, ObjectDiff]\n\t| [typeof RecordOpType.Remove]\n\n/**\n * A one-way (non-reversible) diff designed for small json footprint. These are mainly intended to\n * be sent over the wire. Either as push requests from the client to the server, or as patch\n * operations in the opposite direction.\n *\n * Each key in this object is the id of a record that has been added, updated, or removed.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport interface NetworkDiff<R extends UnknownRecord> {\n\t[id: string]: RecordOp<R>\n}\n\n/**\n * Converts a (reversible, verbose) RecordsDiff into a (non-reversible, concise) NetworkDiff\n * suitable for transmission over the network. This function optimizes the diff representation\n * for minimal bandwidth usage while maintaining all necessary change information.\n *\n * @param diff - The RecordsDiff containing added, updated, and removed records\n * @returns A compact NetworkDiff for network transmission, or null if no changes exist\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * const recordsDiff = {\n *   added: { 'shape:1': newShape },\n *   updated: { 'shape:2': [oldShape, updatedShape] },\n *   removed: { 'shape:3': removedShape }\n * }\n *\n * const networkDiff = getNetworkDiff(recordsDiff)\n * // Returns: {\n * //   'shape:1': ['put', newShape],\n * //   'shape:2': ['patch', { x: ['put', 100] }],\n * //   'shape:3': ['remove']\n * // }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport function getNetworkDiff<R extends UnknownRecord>(\n\tdiff: RecordsDiff<R>\n): NetworkDiff<R> | null {\n\tlet res: NetworkDiff<R> | null = null\n\n\tfor (const [k, v] of objectMapEntries(diff.added)) {\n\t\tif (!res) res = {}\n\t\tres[k] = [RecordOpType.Put, v]\n\t}\n\n\tfor (const [from, to] of objectMapValues(diff.updated)) {\n\t\tconst diff = diffRecord(from, to)\n\t\tif (diff) {\n\t\t\tif (!res) res = {}\n\t\t\tres[to.id] = [RecordOpType.Patch, diff]\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tfor (const removed of Object.keys(diff.removed)) {\n\t\tif (!res) res = {}\n\t\tres[removed] = [RecordOpType.Remove]\n\t}\n\n\treturn res\n}\n\n/**\n * Constants representing the types of operations that can be applied to individual values\n * within object diffs. These operations describe how object properties have changed.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport const ValueOpType = {\n\tPut: 'put',\n\tDelete: 'delete',\n\tAppend: 'append',\n\tPatch: 'patch',\n} as const\n/**\n * Union type of all possible value operation types.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type ValueOpType = (typeof ValueOpType)[keyof typeof ValueOpType]\n\n/**\n * Operation that replaces a value entirely with a new value.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type PutOp = [type: typeof ValueOpType.Put, value: unknown]\n/**\n * Operation that appends new values to the end of an array.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type AppendOp = [type: typeof ValueOpType.Append, values: unknown[], offset: number]\n/**\n * Operation that applies a nested diff to an object or array.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type PatchOp = [type: typeof ValueOpType.Patch, diff: ObjectDiff]\n/**\n * Operation that removes a property from an object.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type DeleteOp = [type: typeof ValueOpType.Delete]\n\n/**\n * Union type representing any value operation that can be applied during diffing.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type ValueOp = PutOp | AppendOp | PatchOp | DeleteOp\n\n/**\n * Represents the differences between two objects as a mapping of property names\n * to the operations needed to transform one object into another.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport interface ObjectDiff {\n\t[k: string]: ValueOp\n}\n\n/**\n * Computes the difference between two record objects, generating an ObjectDiff\n * that describes how to transform the previous record into the next record.\n * This function is optimized for tldraw records and treats 'props' as a nested object.\n *\n * @param prev - The previous version of the record\n * @param next - The next version of the record\n * @returns An ObjectDiff describing the changes, or null if no changes exist\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * const oldShape = { id: 'shape:1', x: 100, y: 200, props: { color: 'red' } }\n * const newShape = { id: 'shape:1', x: 150, y: 200, props: { color: 'blue' } }\n *\n * const diff = diffRecord(oldShape, newShape)\n * // Returns: {\n * //   x: ['put', 150],\n * //   props: ['patch', { color: ['put', 'blue'] }]\n * // }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport function diffRecord(prev: object, next: object): ObjectDiff | null {\n\treturn diffObject(prev, next, new Set(['props']))\n}\n\nfunction diffObject(prev: object, next: object, nestedKeys?: Set<string>): ObjectDiff | null {\n\tif (prev === next) {\n\t\treturn null\n\t}\n\tlet result: ObjectDiff | null = null\n\tfor (const key of Object.keys(prev)) {\n\t\t// if key is not in next then it was deleted\n\t\tif (!(key in next)) {\n\t\t\tif (!result) result = {}\n\t\t\tresult[key] = [ValueOpType.Delete]\n\t\t\tcontinue\n\t\t}\n\t\t// if key is in both places, then compare values\n\t\tconst prevVal = (prev as any)[key]\n\t\tconst nextVal = (next as any)[key]\n\t\tif (!isEqual(prevVal, nextVal)) {\n\t\t\tif (nestedKeys?.has(key) && prevVal && nextVal) {\n\t\t\t\tconst diff = diffObject(prevVal, nextVal)\n\t\t\t\tif (diff) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif (!result) result = {}\n\t\t\t\t\tresult[key] = [ValueOpType.Patch, diff]\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} else if (Array.isArray(nextVal) && Array.isArray(prevVal)) {\n\t\t\t\tconst op = diffArray(prevVal, nextVal)\n\t\t\t\tif (op) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif (!result) result = {}\n\t\t\t\t\tresult[key] = op\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tif (!result) result = {}\n\t\t\t\tresult[key] = [ValueOpType.Put, nextVal]\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\tfor (const key of Object.keys(next)) {\n\t\t// if key is in next but not in prev then it was added\n\t\tif (!(key in prev)) {\n\t\t\tif (!result) result = {}\n\t\t\tresult[key] = [ValueOpType.Put, (next as any)[key]]\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\treturn result\n}\n\nfunction diffValue(valueA: unknown, valueB: unknown): ValueOp | null {\n\tif (Object.is(valueA, valueB)) return null\n\tif (Array.isArray(valueA) && Array.isArray(valueB)) {\n\t\treturn diffArray(valueA, valueB)\n\t} else if (!valueA || !valueB || typeof valueA !== 'object' || typeof valueB !== 'object') {\n\t\treturn isEqual(valueA, valueB) ? null : [ValueOpType.Put, valueB]\n\t} else {\n\t\tconst diff = diffObject(valueA, valueB)\n\t\treturn diff ? [ValueOpType.Patch, diff] : null\n\t}\n}\n\nfunction diffArray(prevArray: unknown[], nextArray: unknown[]): PutOp | AppendOp | PatchOp | null {\n\tif (Object.is(prevArray, nextArray)) return null\n\t// if lengths are equal, check for patch operation\n\tif (prevArray.length === nextArray.length) {\n\t\t// bail out if more than len/5 items need patching\n\t\tconst maxPatchIndexes = Math.max(prevArray.length / 5, 1)\n\t\tconst toPatchIndexes = []\n\t\tfor (let i = 0; i < prevArray.length; i++) {\n\t\t\tif (!isEqual(prevArray[i], nextArray[i])) {\n\t\t\t\ttoPatchIndexes.push(i)\n\t\t\t\tif (toPatchIndexes.length > maxPatchIndexes) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn [ValueOpType.Put, nextArray]\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\tif (toPatchIndexes.length === 0) {\n\t\t\t// same length and no items changed, so no diff\n\t\t\treturn null\n\t\t}\n\t\tconst diff: ObjectDiff = {}\n\t\tfor (const i of toPatchIndexes) {\n\t\t\tconst prevItem = prevArray[i]\n\t\t\tconst nextItem = nextArray[i]\n\t\t\tif (!prevItem || !nextItem) {\n\t\t\t\tdiff[i] = [ValueOpType.Put, nextItem]\n\t\t\t} else if (typeof prevItem === 'object' && typeof nextItem === 'object') {\n\t\t\t\tconst op = diffValue(prevItem, nextItem)\n\t\t\t\tif (op) {\n\t\t\t\t\tdiff[i] = op\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tdiff[i] = [ValueOpType.Put, nextItem]\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn [ValueOpType.Patch, diff]\n\t}\n\n\t// if lengths are not equal, check for append operation, and bail out\n\t// to replace whole array if any shared elems changed\n\tfor (let i = 0; i < prevArray.length; i++) {\n\t\tif (!isEqual(prevArray[i], nextArray[i])) {\n\t\t\treturn [ValueOpType.Put, nextArray]\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\treturn [ValueOpType.Append, nextArray.slice(prevArray.length), prevArray.length]\n}\n\n/**\n * Applies an ObjectDiff to an object, returning a new object with the changes applied.\n * This function handles all value operation types and creates a shallow copy when modifications\n * are needed. If no changes are required, the original object is returned.\n *\n * @param object - The object to apply the diff to\n * @param objectDiff - The ObjectDiff containing the operations to apply\n * @returns A new object with the diff applied, or the original object if no changes were needed\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * const original = { x: 100, y: 200, props: { color: 'red' } }\n * const diff = {\n *   x: ['put', 150],\n *   props: ['patch', { color: ['put', 'blue'] }]\n * }\n *\n * const updated = applyObjectDiff(original, diff)\n * // Returns: { x: 150, y: 200, props: { color: 'blue' } }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport function applyObjectDiff<T extends object>(object: T, objectDiff: ObjectDiff): T {\n\t// don't patch nulls\n\tif (!object || typeof object !== 'object') return object\n\tconst isArray = Array.isArray(object)\n\tlet newObject: any | undefined = undefined\n\tconst set = (k: any, v: any) => {\n\t\tif (!newObject) {\n\t\t\tif (isArray) {\n\t\t\t\tnewObject = [...object]\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tnewObject = { ...object }\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\tif (isArray) {\n\t\t\tnewObject[Number(k)] = v\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tnewObject[k] = v\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\tfor (const [key, op] of Object.entries(objectDiff)) {\n\t\tswitch (op[0]) {\n\t\t\tcase ValueOpType.Put: {\n\t\t\t\tconst value = op[1]\n\t\t\t\tif (!isEqual(object[key as keyof T], value)) {\n\t\t\t\t\tset(key, value)\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tbreak\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcase ValueOpType.Append: {\n\t\t\t\tconst values = op[1]\n\t\t\t\tconst offset = op[2]\n\t\t\t\tconst arr = object[key as keyof T]\n\t\t\t\tif (Array.isArray(arr) && arr.length === offset) {\n\t\t\t\t\tset(key, [...arr, ...values])\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tbreak\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcase ValueOpType.Patch: {\n\t\t\t\tif (object[key as keyof T] && typeof object[key as keyof T] === 'object') {\n\t\t\t\t\tconst diff = op[1]\n\t\t\t\t\tconst patched = applyObjectDiff(object[key as keyof T] as object, diff)\n\t\t\t\t\tif (patched !== object[key as keyof T]) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tset(key, patched)\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tbreak\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcase ValueOpType.Delete: {\n\t\t\t\tif (key in object) {\n\t\t\t\t\tif (!newObject) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif (isArray) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tconsole.error(\"Can't delete array item yet (this should never happen)\")\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnewObject = [...object]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnewObject = { ...object }\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\tdelete newObject[key]\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\treturn newObject ?? object\n}\n"],
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+  "sourcesContent": ["import { RecordsDiff, UnknownRecord } from '@tldraw/store'\nimport { isEqual, objectMapEntries, objectMapValues } from '@tldraw/utils'\n\n/**\n * Constants representing the types of operations that can be applied to records in network diffs.\n * These operations describe how a record has been modified during synchronization.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport const RecordOpType = {\n\tPut: 'put',\n\tPatch: 'patch',\n\tRemove: 'remove',\n} as const\n\n/**\n * Union type of all possible record operation types.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type RecordOpType = (typeof RecordOpType)[keyof typeof RecordOpType]\n\n/**\n * Represents a single operation to be applied to a record during synchronization.\n *\n * @param R - The record type being operated on\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type RecordOp<R extends UnknownRecord> =\n\t| [typeof RecordOpType.Put, R]\n\t| [typeof RecordOpType.Patch, ObjectDiff]\n\t| [typeof RecordOpType.Remove]\n\n/**\n * A one-way (non-reversible) diff designed for small json footprint. These are mainly intended to\n * be sent over the wire. Either as push requests from the client to the server, or as patch\n * operations in the opposite direction.\n *\n * Each key in this object is the id of a record that has been added, updated, or removed.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport interface NetworkDiff<R extends UnknownRecord> {\n\t[id: string]: RecordOp<R>\n}\n\n/**\n * Converts a (reversible, verbose) RecordsDiff into a (non-reversible, concise) NetworkDiff\n * suitable for transmission over the network. This function optimizes the diff representation\n * for minimal bandwidth usage while maintaining all necessary change information.\n *\n * @param diff - The RecordsDiff containing added, updated, and removed records\n * @returns A compact NetworkDiff for network transmission, or null if no changes exist\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * const recordsDiff = {\n *   added: { 'shape:1': newShape },\n *   updated: { 'shape:2': [oldShape, updatedShape] },\n *   removed: { 'shape:3': removedShape }\n * }\n *\n * const networkDiff = getNetworkDiff(recordsDiff)\n * // Returns: {\n * //   'shape:1': ['put', newShape],\n * //   'shape:2': ['patch', { x: ['put', 100] }],\n * //   'shape:3': ['remove']\n * // }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport function getNetworkDiff<R extends UnknownRecord>(\n\tdiff: RecordsDiff<R>\n): NetworkDiff<R> | null {\n\tlet res: NetworkDiff<R> | null = null\n\n\tfor (const [k, v] of objectMapEntries(diff.added)) {\n\t\tif (!res) res = {}\n\t\tres[k] = [RecordOpType.Put, v]\n\t}\n\n\tfor (const [from, to] of objectMapValues(diff.updated)) {\n\t\tconst diff = diffRecord(from, to)\n\t\tif (diff) {\n\t\t\tif (!res) res = {}\n\t\t\tres[to.id] = [RecordOpType.Patch, diff]\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tfor (const removed of Object.keys(diff.removed)) {\n\t\tif (!res) res = {}\n\t\tres[removed] = [RecordOpType.Remove]\n\t}\n\n\treturn res\n}\n\n/**\n * Constants representing the types of operations that can be applied to individual values\n * within object diffs. 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 }

package/dist-esm/lib/protocol.mjs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-const TLSYNC_PROTOCOL_VERSION = 7;
+const TLSYNC_PROTOCOL_VERSION = 8;
 function getTlsyncProtocolVersion() {
   return TLSYNC_PROTOCOL_VERSION;
 }

package/dist-esm/lib/protocol.mjs.map

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "version": 3,
   "sources": ["../../src/lib/protocol.ts"],
-  "sourcesContent": ["import { SerializedSchema, UnknownRecord } from '@tldraw/store'\nimport { NetworkDiff, ObjectDiff, RecordOpType } from './diff'\n\nconst TLSYNC_PROTOCOL_VERSION = 7\n\n/**\n * Gets the current tldraw sync protocol version number.\n *\n * This version number is used during WebSocket connection handshake to ensure\n * client and server compatibility. When versions don't match, the connection\n * will be rejected with an incompatibility error.\n *\n * @returns The current protocol version number\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * const version = getTlsyncProtocolVersion()\n * console.log(`Using protocol version: ${version}`)\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport function getTlsyncProtocolVersion() {\n\treturn TLSYNC_PROTOCOL_VERSION\n}\n\n/**\n * Constants defining the different types of protocol incompatibility reasons.\n *\n * These values indicate why a client-server connection was rejected due to\n * version or compatibility issues. Each reason helps diagnose specific problems\n * during the connection handshake.\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * if (error.reason === TLIncompatibilityReason.ClientTooOld) {\n *   showUpgradeMessage('Please update your client')\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n * @deprecated Replaced by websocket .close status/reason\n */\nexport const TLIncompatibilityReason = {\n\tClientTooOld: 'clientTooOld',\n\tServerTooOld: 'serverTooOld',\n\tInvalidRecord: 'invalidRecord',\n\tInvalidOperation: 'invalidOperation',\n} as const\n\n/**\n * Union type representing all possible incompatibility reason values.\n *\n * This type represents the different reasons why a client-server connection\n * might fail due to protocol or version mismatches.\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * function handleIncompatibility(reason: TLIncompatibilityReason) {\n *   switch (reason) {\n *     case 'clientTooOld':\n *       return 'Client needs to be updated'\n *     case 'serverTooOld':\n *       return 'Server needs to be updated'\n *   }\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n * @deprecated replaced by websocket .close status/reason\n */\nexport type TLIncompatibilityReason =\n\t(typeof TLIncompatibilityReason)[keyof typeof TLIncompatibilityReason]\n\n/**\n * Union type representing all possible message types that can be sent from server to client.\n *\n * This encompasses the complete set of server-originated WebSocket messages in the tldraw\n * sync protocol, including connection establishment, data synchronization, and error handling.\n *\n * @param R - The record type being synchronized (extends UnknownRecord)\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * syncClient.onReceiveMessage((message: TLSocketServerSentEvent<MyRecord>) => {\n *   switch (message.type) {\n *     case 'connect':\n *       console.log('Connected to room with clock:', message.serverClock)\n *       break\n *     case 'data':\n *       console.log('Received data updates:', message.data)\n *       break\n *   }\n * })\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type TLSocketServerSentEvent<R extends UnknownRecord> =\n\t| {\n\t\t\ttype: 'connect'\n\t\t\thydrationType: 'wipe_all' | 'wipe_presence'\n\t\t\tconnectRequestId: string\n\t\t\tprotocolVersion: number\n\t\t\tschema: SerializedSchema\n\t\t\tdiff: NetworkDiff<R>\n\t\t\tserverClock: number\n\t\t\tisReadonly: boolean\n\t  }\n\t| {\n\t\t\ttype: 'incompatibility_error'\n\t\t\t// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated\n\t\t\treason: TLIncompatibilityReason\n\t  }\n\t| {\n\t\t\ttype: 'pong'\n\t  }\n\t| { type: 'data'; data: TLSocketServerSentDataEvent<R>[] }\n\t| { type: 'custom'; data: any }\n\t| TLSocketServerSentDataEvent<R>\n\n/**\n * Union type representing data-related messages sent from server to client.\n *\n * These messages handle the core synchronization operations: applying patches from\n * other clients and confirming the results of client push operations.\n *\n * @param R - The record type being synchronized (extends UnknownRecord)\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * function handleDataEvent(event: TLSocketServerSentDataEvent<MyRecord>) {\n *   if (event.type === 'patch') {\n *     // Apply changes from other clients\n *     applyNetworkDiff(event.diff)\n *   } else if (event.type === 'push_result') {\n *     // Handle result of our push request\n *     if (event.action === 'commit') {\n *       console.log('Changes accepted by server')\n *     }\n *   }\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type TLSocketServerSentDataEvent<R extends UnknownRecord> =\n\t| {\n\t\t\ttype: 'patch'\n\t\t\tdiff: NetworkDiff<R>\n\t\t\tserverClock: number\n\t  }\n\t| {\n\t\t\ttype: 'push_result'\n\t\t\tclientClock: number\n\t\t\tserverClock: number\n\t\t\taction: 'discard' | 'commit' | { rebaseWithDiff: NetworkDiff<R> }\n\t  }\n\n/**\n * Interface defining a client-to-server push request message.\n *\n * Push requests are sent when the client wants to synchronize local changes\n * with the server. They contain document changes and optionally presence updates\n * (like cursor position or user selection).\n *\n * @param R - The record type being synchronized (extends UnknownRecord)\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * const pushRequest: TLPushRequest<MyRecord> = {\n *   type: 'push',\n *   clientClock: 15,\n *   diff: {\n *     'shape:abc123': [RecordOpType.Patch, { x: [ValueOpType.Put, 100] }]\n *   },\n *   presence: [RecordOpType.Put, { cursor: { x: 150, y: 200 } }]\n * }\n * socket.sendMessage(pushRequest)\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport interface TLPushRequest<R extends UnknownRecord> {\n\ttype: 'push'\n\tclientClock: number\n\tdiff?: NetworkDiff<R>\n\tpresence?: [typeof RecordOpType.Patch, ObjectDiff] | [typeof RecordOpType.Put, R]\n}\n\n/**\n * Interface defining a client-to-server connection request message.\n *\n * This message initiates a WebSocket connection to a sync room. It includes\n * the client's schema, protocol version, and last known server clock for\n * proper synchronization state management.\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * const connectRequest: TLConnectRequest = {\n *   type: 'connect',\n *   connectRequestId: 'conn-123',\n *   lastServerClock: 42,\n *   protocolVersion: getTlsyncProtocolVersion(),\n *   schema: mySchema.serialize()\n * }\n * socket.sendMessage(connectRequest)\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport interface TLConnectRequest {\n\ttype: 'connect'\n\tconnectRequestId: string\n\tlastServerClock: number\n\tprotocolVersion: number\n\tschema: SerializedSchema\n}\n\n/**\n * Interface defining a client-to-server ping request message.\n *\n * Ping requests are used to measure network latency and ensure the connection\n * is still active. The server responds with a 'pong' message.\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * const pingRequest: TLPingRequest = { type: 'ping' }\n * socket.sendMessage(pingRequest)\n *\n * // Server will respond with { type: 'pong' }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport interface TLPingRequest {\n\ttype: 'ping'\n}\n\n/**\n * Union type representing all possible message types that can be sent from client to server.\n *\n * This encompasses the complete set of client-originated WebSocket messages in the tldraw\n * sync protocol, covering connection establishment, data synchronization, and connectivity checks.\n *\n * @param R - The record type being synchronized (extends UnknownRecord)\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * function sendMessage(message: TLSocketClientSentEvent<MyRecord>) {\n *   switch (message.type) {\n *     case 'connect':\n *       console.log('Establishing connection...')\n *       break\n *     case 'push':\n *       console.log('Pushing changes:', message.diff)\n *       break\n *     case 'ping':\n *       console.log('Checking connection latency')\n *       break\n *   }\n *   socket.send(JSON.stringify(message))\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type TLSocketClientSentEvent<R extends UnknownRecord> =\n\t| TLPushRequest<R>\n\t| TLConnectRequest\n\t| TLPingRequest\n"],
+  "sourcesContent": ["import { SerializedSchema, UnknownRecord } from '@tldraw/store'\nimport { NetworkDiff, ObjectDiff, RecordOpType } from './diff'\n\nconst TLSYNC_PROTOCOL_VERSION = 8\n\n/**\n * Gets the current tldraw sync protocol version number.\n *\n * This version number is used during WebSocket connection handshake to ensure\n * client and server compatibility. When versions don't match, the connection\n * will be rejected with an incompatibility error.\n *\n * @returns The current protocol version number\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * const version = getTlsyncProtocolVersion()\n * console.log(`Using protocol version: ${version}`)\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport function getTlsyncProtocolVersion() {\n\treturn TLSYNC_PROTOCOL_VERSION\n}\n\n/**\n * Constants defining the different types of protocol incompatibility reasons.\n *\n * These values indicate why a client-server connection was rejected due to\n * version or compatibility issues. Each reason helps diagnose specific problems\n * during the connection handshake.\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * if (error.reason === TLIncompatibilityReason.ClientTooOld) {\n *   showUpgradeMessage('Please update your client')\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n * @deprecated Replaced by websocket .close status/reason\n */\nexport const TLIncompatibilityReason = {\n\tClientTooOld: 'clientTooOld',\n\tServerTooOld: 'serverTooOld',\n\tInvalidRecord: 'invalidRecord',\n\tInvalidOperation: 'invalidOperation',\n} as const\n\n/**\n * Union type representing all possible incompatibility reason values.\n *\n * This type represents the different reasons why a client-server connection\n * might fail due to protocol or version mismatches.\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * function handleIncompatibility(reason: TLIncompatibilityReason) {\n *   switch (reason) {\n *     case 'clientTooOld':\n *       return 'Client needs to be updated'\n *     case 'serverTooOld':\n *       return 'Server needs to be updated'\n *   }\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n * @deprecated replaced by websocket .close status/reason\n */\nexport type TLIncompatibilityReason =\n\t(typeof TLIncompatibilityReason)[keyof typeof TLIncompatibilityReason]\n\n/**\n * Union type representing all possible message types that can be sent from server to client.\n *\n * This encompasses the complete set of server-originated WebSocket messages in the tldraw\n * sync protocol, including connection establishment, data synchronization, and error handling.\n *\n * @param R - The record type being synchronized (extends UnknownRecord)\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * syncClient.onReceiveMessage((message: TLSocketServerSentEvent<MyRecord>) => {\n *   switch (message.type) {\n *     case 'connect':\n *       console.log('Connected to room with clock:', message.serverClock)\n *       break\n *     case 'data':\n *       console.log('Received data updates:', message.data)\n *       break\n *   }\n * })\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type TLSocketServerSentEvent<R extends UnknownRecord> =\n\t| {\n\t\t\ttype: 'connect'\n\t\t\thydrationType: 'wipe_all' | 'wipe_presence'\n\t\t\tconnectRequestId: string\n\t\t\tprotocolVersion: number\n\t\t\tschema: SerializedSchema\n\t\t\tdiff: NetworkDiff<R>\n\t\t\tserverClock: number\n\t\t\tisReadonly: boolean\n\t  }\n\t| {\n\t\t\ttype: 'incompatibility_error'\n\t\t\t// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated\n\t\t\treason: TLIncompatibilityReason\n\t  }\n\t| {\n\t\t\ttype: 'pong'\n\t  }\n\t| { type: 'data'; data: TLSocketServerSentDataEvent<R>[] }\n\t| { type: 'custom'; data: any }\n\t| TLSocketServerSentDataEvent<R>\n\n/**\n * Union type representing data-related messages sent from server to client.\n *\n * These messages handle the core synchronization operations: applying patches from\n * other clients and confirming the results of client push operations.\n *\n * @param R - The record type being synchronized (extends UnknownRecord)\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * function handleDataEvent(event: TLSocketServerSentDataEvent<MyRecord>) {\n *   if (event.type === 'patch') {\n *     // Apply changes from other clients\n *     applyNetworkDiff(event.diff)\n *   } else if (event.type === 'push_result') {\n *     // Handle result of our push request\n *     if (event.action === 'commit') {\n *       console.log('Changes accepted by server')\n *     }\n *   }\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type TLSocketServerSentDataEvent<R extends UnknownRecord> =\n\t| {\n\t\t\ttype: 'patch'\n\t\t\tdiff: NetworkDiff<R>\n\t\t\tserverClock: number\n\t  }\n\t| {\n\t\t\ttype: 'push_result'\n\t\t\tclientClock: number\n\t\t\tserverClock: number\n\t\t\taction: 'discard' | 'commit' | { rebaseWithDiff: NetworkDiff<R> }\n\t  }\n\n/**\n * Interface defining a client-to-server push request message.\n *\n * Push requests are sent when the client wants to synchronize local changes\n * with the server. They contain document changes and optionally presence updates\n * (like cursor position or user selection).\n *\n * @param R - The record type being synchronized (extends UnknownRecord)\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * const pushRequest: TLPushRequest<MyRecord> = {\n *   type: 'push',\n *   clientClock: 15,\n *   diff: {\n *     'shape:abc123': [RecordOpType.Patch, { x: [ValueOpType.Put, 100] }]\n *   },\n *   presence: [RecordOpType.Put, { cursor: { x: 150, y: 200 } }]\n * }\n * socket.sendMessage(pushRequest)\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport interface TLPushRequest<R extends UnknownRecord> {\n\ttype: 'push'\n\tclientClock: number\n\tdiff?: NetworkDiff<R>\n\tpresence?: [typeof RecordOpType.Patch, ObjectDiff] | [typeof RecordOpType.Put, R]\n}\n\n/**\n * Interface defining a client-to-server connection request message.\n *\n * This message initiates a WebSocket connection to a sync room. It includes\n * the client's schema, protocol version, and last known server clock for\n * proper synchronization state management.\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * const connectRequest: TLConnectRequest = {\n *   type: 'connect',\n *   connectRequestId: 'conn-123',\n *   lastServerClock: 42,\n *   protocolVersion: getTlsyncProtocolVersion(),\n *   schema: mySchema.serialize()\n * }\n * socket.sendMessage(connectRequest)\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport interface TLConnectRequest {\n\ttype: 'connect'\n\tconnectRequestId: string\n\tlastServerClock: number\n\tprotocolVersion: number\n\tschema: SerializedSchema\n}\n\n/**\n * Interface defining a client-to-server ping request message.\n *\n * Ping requests are used to measure network latency and ensure the connection\n * is still active. The server responds with a 'pong' message.\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * const pingRequest: TLPingRequest = { type: 'ping' }\n * socket.sendMessage(pingRequest)\n *\n * // Server will respond with { type: 'pong' }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport interface TLPingRequest {\n\ttype: 'ping'\n}\n\n/**\n * Union type representing all possible message types that can be sent from client to server.\n *\n * This encompasses the complete set of client-originated WebSocket messages in the tldraw\n * sync protocol, covering connection establishment, data synchronization, and connectivity checks.\n *\n * @param R - The record type being synchronized (extends UnknownRecord)\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * function sendMessage(message: TLSocketClientSentEvent<MyRecord>) {\n *   switch (message.type) {\n *     case 'connect':\n *       console.log('Establishing connection...')\n *       break\n *     case 'push':\n *       console.log('Pushing changes:', message.diff)\n *       break\n *     case 'ping':\n *       console.log('Checking connection latency')\n *       break\n *   }\n *   socket.send(JSON.stringify(message))\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type TLSocketClientSentEvent<R extends UnknownRecord> =\n\t| TLPushRequest<R>\n\t| TLConnectRequest\n\t| TLPingRequest\n"],
   "mappings": "AAGA,MAAM,0BAA0B;AAmBzB,SAAS,2BAA2B;AAC1C,SAAO;AACR;AAmBO,MAAM,0BAA0B;AAAA,EACtC,cAAc;AAAA,EACd,cAAc;AAAA,EACd,eAAe;AAAA,EACf,kBAAkB;AACnB;",
   "names": []
 }

package/package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "@tldraw/sync-core",
   "description": "tldraw infinite canvas SDK (multiplayer sync).",
-  "version": "4.2.0-next.f100cedfc45b",
+  "version": "4.3.0-canary.d8da2a99f394",
   "author": {
     "name": "tldraw GB Ltd.",
     "email": "hello@tldraw.com"
@@ -48,17 +48,17 @@
     "@types/uuid-readable": "^0.0.3",
     "react": "^18.3.1",
     "react-dom": "^18.3.1",
-    "tldraw": "4.2.0-next.f100cedfc45b",
+    "tldraw": "4.3.0-canary.d8da2a99f394",
     "typescript": "^5.8.3",
     "uuid-by-string": "^4.0.0",
     "uuid-readable": "^0.0.2",
     "vitest": "^3.2.4"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@tldraw/state": "4.2.0-next.f100cedfc45b",
-    "@tldraw/store": "4.2.0-next.f100cedfc45b",
-    "@tldraw/tlschema": "4.2.0-next.f100cedfc45b",
-    "@tldraw/utils": "4.2.0-next.f100cedfc45b",
+    "@tldraw/state": "4.3.0-canary.d8da2a99f394",
+    "@tldraw/store": "4.3.0-canary.d8da2a99f394",
+    "@tldraw/tlschema": "4.3.0-canary.d8da2a99f394",
+    "@tldraw/utils": "4.3.0-canary.d8da2a99f394",
     "nanoevents": "^7.0.1",
     "ws": "^8.18.0"
   },

package/src/index.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { registerTldrawLibraryVersion } from '@tldraw/utils'
-export { chunk } from './lib/chunk'
+export { chunk, JsonChunkAssembler } from './lib/chunk'
 export { ClientWebSocketAdapter, ReconnectManager } from './lib/ClientWebSocketAdapter'
 export {
 	applyObjectDiff,
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export {
 	type TLSocketServerSentDataEvent,
 	type TLSocketServerSentEvent,
 } from './lib/protocol'
-export { RoomSessionState, type RoomSession } from './lib/RoomSession'
+export { RoomSessionState, type RoomSession, type RoomSessionBase } from './lib/RoomSession'
 export type { PersistedRoomSnapshotForSupabase } from './lib/server-types'
 export type { WebSocketMinimal } from './lib/ServerSocketAdapter'
 export { TLRemoteSyncError } from './lib/TLRemoteSyncError'

package/src/lib/RoomSession.test.ts

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ describe('RoomSession state transitions', () => {
 		const initialSession: RoomSession<TLRecord, { userId: string }> = {
 			state: RoomSessionState.AwaitingConnectMessage,
 			sessionStartTime: Date.now(),
+			supportsStringAppend: true,
 			...baseSessionData,
 		}
 
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ describe('RoomSession state transitions', () => {
 			isReadonly: initialSession.isReadonly,
 			requiresLegacyRejection: initialSession.requiresLegacyRejection,
 			serializedSchema: mockSerializedSchema,
+			supportsStringAppend: true,
 			lastInteractionTime: Date.now(),
 			debounceTimer: null,
 			outstandingDataMessages: [],
@@ -81,6 +83,7 @@ describe('RoomSession state transitions', () => {
 			meta: connectedSession.meta,
 			isReadonly: connectedSession.isReadonly,
 			requiresLegacyRejection: connectedSession.requiresLegacyRejection,
+			supportsStringAppend: connectedSession.supportsStringAppend,
 			cancellationTime: Date.now(),
 		}
 

package/src/lib/RoomSession.ts

@@ -64,6 +64,28 @@ export const SESSION_REMOVAL_WAIT_TIME = 5000
  */
 export const SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT = 20000
 
+/**
+ * Base properties shared by all room session states.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export interface RoomSessionBase<R extends UnknownRecord, Meta> {
+	/** Unique identifier for this session */
+	sessionId: string
+	/** Presence identifier for live cursor/selection tracking, if available */
+	presenceId: string | null
+	/** WebSocket connection wrapper for this session */
+	socket: TLRoomSocket<R>
+	/** Custom metadata associated with this session */
+	meta: Meta
+	/** Whether this session has read-only permissions */
+	isReadonly: boolean
+	/** Whether this session requires legacy protocol rejection handling */
+	requiresLegacyRejection: boolean
+	/** Whether this session supports string append operations */
+	supportsStringAppend: boolean
+}
+
 /**
  * Represents a client session within a collaborative room, tracking the connection
  * state, permissions, and synchronization details for a single user.
@@ -93,51 +115,21 @@ export const SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT = 20000
  * @internal
  */
 export type RoomSession<R extends UnknownRecord, Meta> =
-	| {
+	| (RoomSessionBase<R, Meta> & {
 			/** Current state of the session */
 			state: typeof RoomSessionState.AwaitingConnectMessage
-			/** Unique identifier for this session */
-			sessionId: string
-			/** Presence identifier for live cursor/selection tracking, if available */
-			presenceId: string | null
-			/** WebSocket connection wrapper for this session */
-			socket: TLRoomSocket<R>
 			/** Timestamp when the session was created */
 			sessionStartTime: number
-			/** Custom metadata associated with this session */
-			meta: Meta
-			/** Whether this session has read-only permissions */
-			isReadonly: boolean
-			/** Whether this session requires legacy protocol rejection handling */
-			requiresLegacyRejection: boolean
-	  }
-	| {
+	  })
+	| (RoomSessionBase<R, Meta> & {
 			/** Current state of the session */
 			state: typeof RoomSessionState.AwaitingRemoval
-			/** Unique identifier for this session */
-			sessionId: string
-			/** Presence identifier for live cursor/selection tracking, if available */
-			presenceId: string | null
-			/** WebSocket connection wrapper for this session */
-			socket: TLRoomSocket<R>
 			/** Timestamp when the session was marked for removal */
 			cancellationTime: number
-			/** Custom metadata associated with this session */
-			meta: Meta
-			/** Whether this session has read-only permissions */
-			isReadonly: boolean
-			/** Whether this session requires legacy protocol rejection handling */
-			requiresLegacyRejection: boolean
-	  }
-	| {
+	  })
+	| (RoomSessionBase<R, Meta> & {
 			/** Current state of the session */
 			state: typeof RoomSessionState.Connected
-			/** Unique identifier for this session */
-			sessionId: string
-			/** Presence identifier for live cursor/selection tracking, if available */
-			presenceId: string | null
-			/** WebSocket connection wrapper for this session */
-			socket: TLRoomSocket<R>
 			/** Serialized schema information for this connected session */
 			serializedSchema: SerializedSchema
 			/** Timestamp of the last interaction or message from this session */
@@ -146,10 +138,4 @@ export type RoomSession<R extends UnknownRecord, Meta> =
 			debounceTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null
 			/** Queue of data messages waiting to be sent to this session */
 			outstandingDataMessages: TLSocketServerSentDataEvent<R>[]
-			/** Custom metadata associated with this session */
-			meta: Meta
-			/** Whether this session has read-only permissions */
-			isReadonly: boolean
-			/** Whether this session requires legacy protocol rejection handling */
-			requiresLegacyRejection: boolean
-	  }
+	  })

package/src/lib/TLSyncRoom.ts

@@ -156,10 +156,15 @@ export class DocumentState<R extends UnknownRecord> {
 	 *
 	 * @param state - The new record state
 	 * @param clock - The new clock value
+	 * @param legacyAppendMode - If true, string append operations will be converted to Put operations
 	 * @returns Result containing the diff and new DocumentState, or null if no changes, or validation error
 	 */
-	replaceState(state: R, clock: number): Result<[ObjectDiff, DocumentState<R>] | null, Error> {
-		const diff = diffRecord(this.state, state)
+	replaceState(
+		state: R,
+		clock: number,
+		legacyAppendMode = false
+	): Result<[ObjectDiff, DocumentState<R>] | null, Error> {
+		const diff = diffRecord(this.state, state, legacyAppendMode)
 		if (!diff) return Result.ok(null)
 		try {
 			this.recordType.validate(state)
@@ -173,11 +178,16 @@ export class DocumentState<R extends UnknownRecord> {
 	 *
 	 * @param diff - The object diff to apply
 	 * @param clock - The new clock value
+	 * @param legacyAppendMode - If true, string append operations will be converted to Put operations
 	 * @returns Result containing the final diff and new DocumentState, or null if no changes, or validation error
 	 */
-	mergeDiff(diff: ObjectDiff, clock: number): Result<[ObjectDiff, DocumentState<R>] | null, Error> {
+	mergeDiff(
+		diff: ObjectDiff,
+		clock: number,
+		legacyAppendMode = false
+	): Result<[ObjectDiff, DocumentState<R>] | null, Error> {
 		const newState = applyObjectDiff(this.state, diff)
-		return this.replaceState(newState, clock)
+		return this.replaceState(newState, clock, legacyAppendMode)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -720,6 +730,7 @@ export class TLSyncRoom<R extends UnknownRecord, SessionMeta> {
 			meta: session.meta,
 			isReadonly: session.isReadonly,
 			requiresLegacyRejection: session.requiresLegacyRejection,
+			supportsStringAppend: session.supportsStringAppend,
 		})
 
 		try {
@@ -843,10 +854,28 @@ export class TLSyncRoom<R extends UnknownRecord, SessionMeta> {
 			isReadonly: isReadonly ?? false,
 			// this gets set later during handleConnectMessage
 			requiresLegacyRejection: false,
+			supportsStringAppend: true,
 		})
 		return this
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Checks if all connected sessions support string append operations (protocol version 8+).
+	 * If any client is on an older version, returns false to enable legacy append mode.
+	 *
+	 * @returns True if all connected sessions are on protocol version 8 or higher
+	 */
+	getCanEmitStringAppend(): boolean {
+		for (const session of this.sessions.values()) {
+			if (session.state === RoomSessionState.Connected) {
+				if (!session.supportsStringAppend) {
+					return false
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * When we send a diff to a client, if that client is on a lower version than us, we need to make
 	 * the diff compatible with their version. At the moment this means migrating each affected record
@@ -1010,6 +1039,10 @@ export class TLSyncRoom<R extends UnknownRecord, SessionMeta> {
 		if (theirProtocolVersion === 6) {
 			theirProtocolVersion++
 		}
+		if (theirProtocolVersion === 7) {
+			theirProtocolVersion++
+			session.supportsStringAppend = false
+		}
 
 		if (theirProtocolVersion == null || theirProtocolVersion < getTlsyncProtocolVersion()) {
 			this.rejectSession(session.sessionId, TLSyncErrorCloseEventReason.CLIENT_TOO_OLD)
@@ -1045,6 +1078,7 @@ export class TLSyncRoom<R extends UnknownRecord, SessionMeta> {
 				lastInteractionTime: Date.now(),
 				debounceTimer: null,
 				outstandingDataMessages: [],
+				supportsStringAppend: session.supportsStringAppend,
 				meta: session.meta,
 				isReadonly: session.isReadonly,
 				requiresLegacyRejection: session.requiresLegacyRejection,
@@ -1150,6 +1184,7 @@ export class TLSyncRoom<R extends UnknownRecord, SessionMeta> {
 		const initialDocumentClock = this.documentClock
 		let didPresenceChange = false
 		transaction((rollback) => {
+			const legacyAppendMode = !this.getCanEmitStringAppend()
 			// collect actual ops that resulted from the push
 			// these will be broadcast to other users
 			interface ActualChanges {
@@ -1198,7 +1233,7 @@ export class TLSyncRoom<R extends UnknownRecord, SessionMeta> {
 				if (doc) {
 					// If there's an existing document, replace it with the new state
 					// but propagate a diff rather than the entire value
-					const diff = doc.replaceState(state, this.clock)
+					const diff = doc.replaceState(state, this.clock, legacyAppendMode)
 					if (!diff.ok) {
 						return fail(TLSyncErrorCloseEventReason.INVALID_RECORD)
 					}
@@ -1238,7 +1273,7 @@ export class TLSyncRoom<R extends UnknownRecord, SessionMeta> {
 
 				if (downgraded.value === doc.state) {
 					// If the versions are compatible, apply the patch and propagate the patch op
-					const diff = doc.mergeDiff(patch, this.clock)
+					const diff = doc.mergeDiff(patch, this.clock, legacyAppendMode)
 					if (!diff.ok) {
 						return fail(TLSyncErrorCloseEventReason.INVALID_RECORD)
 					}
@@ -1260,7 +1295,7 @@ export class TLSyncRoom<R extends UnknownRecord, SessionMeta> {
 						return fail(TLSyncErrorCloseEventReason.CLIENT_TOO_OLD)
 					}
 					// replace the state with the upgraded version and propagate the patch op
-					const diff = doc.replaceState(upgraded.value, this.clock)
+					const diff = doc.replaceState(upgraded.value, this.clock, legacyAppendMode)
 					if (!diff.ok) {
 						return fail(TLSyncErrorCloseEventReason.INVALID_RECORD)
 					}

package/src/lib/chunk.ts

@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ export class JsonChunkAssembler {
 
 	/**
 	 * Processes a single message, which can be either a complete JSON object or a chunk.
-	 * For complete JSON objects (starting with '{'), parses immediately.
-	 * For chunks (prefixed with "{number}_"), accumulates until all chunks received.
+	 * For complete JSON objects (starting with '\{'), parses immediately.
+	 * For chunks (prefixed with "\{number\}_"), accumulates until all chunks received.
 	 *
 	 * @param msg - The message to process, either JSON or chunk format
 	 * @returns Result object with data/stringified on success, error object on failure, or null for incomplete chunks
-	 * 	- `{ data: object, stringified: string }` - Successfully parsed complete message
-	 * 	- `{ error: Error }` - Parse error or invalid chunk sequence
+	 * 	- `\{ data: object, stringified: string \}` - Successfully parsed complete message
+	 * 	- `\{ error: Error \}` - Parse error or invalid chunk sequence
 	 * 	- `null` - Chunk received but more chunks expected
 	 *
 	 * @example

package/src/lib/diff.ts

@@ -123,11 +123,11 @@ export type ValueOpType = (typeof ValueOpType)[keyof typeof ValueOpType]
  */
 export type PutOp = [type: typeof ValueOpType.Put, value: unknown]
 /**
- * Operation that appends new values to the end of an array.
+ * Operation that appends new values to the end of an array or string.
  *
  * @internal
  */
-export type AppendOp = [type: typeof ValueOpType.Append, values: unknown[], offset: number]
+export type AppendOp = [type: typeof ValueOpType.Append, value: unknown[] | string, offset: number]
 /**
  * Operation that applies a nested diff to an object or array.
  *
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ export interface ObjectDiff {
  *
  * @param prev - The previous version of the record
  * @param next - The next version of the record
+ * @param legacyAppendMode - If true, string append operations will be converted to Put operations
  * @returns An ObjectDiff describing the changes, or null if no changes exist
  *
  * @example
@@ -181,11 +182,20 @@ export interface ObjectDiff {
  *
  * @internal
  */
-export function diffRecord(prev: object, next: object): ObjectDiff | null {
-	return diffObject(prev, next, new Set(['props']))
+export function diffRecord(
+	prev: object,
+	next: object,
+	legacyAppendMode = false
+): ObjectDiff | null {
+	return diffObject(prev, next, new Set(['props', 'meta']), legacyAppendMode)
 }
 
-function diffObject(prev: object, next: object, nestedKeys?: Set<string>): ObjectDiff | null {
+function diffObject(
+	prev: object,
+	next: object,
+	nestedKeys: Set<string> | undefined,
+	legacyAppendMode: boolean
+): ObjectDiff | null {
 	if (prev === next) {
 		return null
 	}
@@ -197,26 +207,22 @@ function diffObject(prev: object, next: object, nestedKeys?: Set<string>): Objec
 			result[key] = [ValueOpType.Delete]
 			continue
 		}
-		// if key is in both places, then compare values
-		const prevVal = (prev as any)[key]
-		const nextVal = (next as any)[key]
-		if (!isEqual(prevVal, nextVal)) {
-			if (nestedKeys?.has(key) && prevVal && nextVal) {
-				const diff = diffObject(prevVal, nextVal)
-				if (diff) {
-					if (!result) result = {}
-					result[key] = [ValueOpType.Patch, diff]
-				}
-			} else if (Array.isArray(nextVal) && Array.isArray(prevVal)) {
-				const op = diffArray(prevVal, nextVal)
-				if (op) {
-					if (!result) result = {}
-					result[key] = op
-				}
-			} else {
+		const prevValue = (prev as any)[key]
+		const nextValue = (next as any)[key]
+		if (
+			nestedKeys?.has(key) ||
+			(Array.isArray(prevValue) && Array.isArray(nextValue)) ||
+			(typeof prevValue === 'string' && typeof nextValue === 'string')
+		) {
+			// if key is in both places, then compare values
+			const diff = diffValue(prevValue, nextValue, legacyAppendMode)
+			if (diff) {
 				if (!result) result = {}
-				result[key] = [ValueOpType.Put, nextVal]
+				result[key] = diff
 			}
+		} else if (!isEqual(prevValue, nextValue)) {
+			if (!result) result = {}
+			result[key] = [ValueOpType.Put, nextValue]
 		}
 	}
 	for (const key of Object.keys(next)) {
@@ -229,19 +235,29 @@ function diffObject(prev: object, next: object, nestedKeys?: Set<string>): Objec
 	return result
 }
 
-function diffValue(valueA: unknown, valueB: unknown): ValueOp | null {
+function diffValue(valueA: unknown, valueB: unknown, legacyAppendMode: boolean): ValueOp | null {
 	if (Object.is(valueA, valueB)) return null
 	if (Array.isArray(valueA) && Array.isArray(valueB)) {
-		return diffArray(valueA, valueB)
+		return diffArray(valueA, valueB, legacyAppendMode)
+	} else if (typeof valueA === 'string' && typeof valueB === 'string') {
+		if (!legacyAppendMode && valueB.startsWith(valueA)) {
+			const appendedText = valueB.slice(valueA.length)
+			return [ValueOpType.Append, appendedText, valueA.length]
+		}
+		return [ValueOpType.Put, valueB]
 	} else if (!valueA || !valueB || typeof valueA !== 'object' || typeof valueB !== 'object') {
 		return isEqual(valueA, valueB) ? null : [ValueOpType.Put, valueB]
 	} else {
-		const diff = diffObject(valueA, valueB)
+		const diff = diffObject(valueA, valueB, undefined, legacyAppendMode)
 		return diff ? [ValueOpType.Patch, diff] : null
 	}
 }
 
-function diffArray(prevArray: unknown[], nextArray: unknown[]): PutOp | AppendOp | PatchOp | null {
+function diffArray(
+	prevArray: unknown[],
+	nextArray: unknown[],
+	legacyAppendMode: boolean
+): PutOp | AppendOp | PatchOp | null {
 	if (Object.is(prevArray, nextArray)) return null
 	// if lengths are equal, check for patch operation
 	if (prevArray.length === nextArray.length) {
@@ -267,7 +283,7 @@ function diffArray(prevArray: unknown[], nextArray: unknown[]): PutOp | AppendOp
 			if (!prevItem || !nextItem) {
 				diff[i] = [ValueOpType.Put, nextItem]
 			} else if (typeof prevItem === 'object' && typeof nextItem === 'object') {
-				const op = diffValue(prevItem, nextItem)
+				const op = diffValue(prevItem, nextItem, legacyAppendMode)
 				if (op) {
 					diff[i] = op
 				}
@@ -341,12 +357,19 @@ export function applyObjectDiff<T extends object>(object: T, objectDiff: ObjectD
 				break
 			}
 			case ValueOpType.Append: {
-				const values = op[1]
+				const value = op[1]
 				const offset = op[2]
-				const arr = object[key as keyof T]
-				if (Array.isArray(arr) && arr.length === offset) {
-					set(key, [...arr, ...values])
+				const currentValue = object[key as keyof T]
+				if (Array.isArray(currentValue) && Array.isArray(value) && currentValue.length === offset) {
+					set(key, [...currentValue, ...value])
+				} else if (
+					typeof currentValue === 'string' &&
+					typeof value === 'string' &&
+					currentValue.length === offset
+				) {
+					set(key, currentValue + value)
 				}
+				// If validation fails (type mismatch or length mismatch), silently ignore
 				break
 			}
 			case ValueOpType.Patch: {

package/src/lib/protocol.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { SerializedSchema, UnknownRecord } from '@tldraw/store'
 import { NetworkDiff, ObjectDiff, RecordOpType } from './diff'
 
-const TLSYNC_PROTOCOL_VERSION = 7
+const TLSYNC_PROTOCOL_VERSION = 8
 
 /**
  * Gets the current tldraw sync protocol version number.

package/src/test/TLSocketRoom.test.ts

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ describe(TLSocketRoom, () => {
 			type: 'connect' as const,
 			connectRequestId: 'connect-1',
 			lastServerClock: 0,
-			protocolVersion: 7,
+			protocolVersion: 8,
 			schema: store.schema.serialize(),
 		}
 		room.handleSocketMessage(sessionId1, JSON.stringify(connectRequest1))
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ describe(TLSocketRoom, () => {
 			type: 'connect' as const,
 			connectRequestId: 'connect-2',
 			lastServerClock: 0,
-			protocolVersion: 7,
+			protocolVersion: 8,
 			schema: store.schema.serialize(),
 		}
 		room.handleSocketMessage(sessionId2, JSON.stringify(connectRequest2))