@tishlang/tish 1.6.0 → 1.8.0

package/crates/tish_runtime/src/http_fetch.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! Web Fetch–aligned Response, ReadableStream, reader.read(), text()/json().
 
 use std::cell::RefCell;
+use tishlang_core::VmRef;
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
@@ -35,7 +36,11 @@ impl TishPromise for FetchResponsePromise {
 }
 
 struct FetchAllResponsesPromise {
-    rx: Mutex<Option<tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<Result<Vec<Result<reqwest::Response, String>>, String>>>>,
+    rx: Mutex<
+        Option<
+            tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<Result<Vec<Result<reqwest::Response, String>>, String>>,
+        >,
+    >,
 }
 
 impl TishPromise for FetchAllResponsesPromise {
@@ -47,9 +52,12 @@ impl TishPromise for FetchAllResponsesPromise {
                 Ok(Ok(vec)) => {
                     let out: Vec<Value> = vec
                         .into_iter()
-                        .map(|x| x.map(response_value_from_reqwest).unwrap_or_else(|e| build_error_response(&e)))
+                        .map(|x| {
+                            x.map(response_value_from_reqwest)
+                                .unwrap_or_else(|e| build_error_response(&e))
+                        })
                         .collect();
-                    Ok(Value::Array(Rc::new(RefCell::new(out))))
+                    Ok(Value::Array(VmRef::new(out)))
                 }
                 Ok(Err(e)) => Ok(build_error_response(&e)),
                 Err(_) => Err(Value::String("Promise dropped".into())),
@@ -79,22 +87,19 @@ impl TishPromise for ReadChunkPromise {
                     let mut o = ObjectMap::default();
                     o.insert(Arc::from("done"), Value::Bool(true));
                     o.insert(Arc::from("value"), Value::Null);
-                    Ok(Value::Object(Rc::new(RefCell::new(o))))
+                    Ok(Value::Object(VmRef::new(o)))
                 }
                 Ok(Ok(ReadChunk::Bytes(b))) => {
                     let arr: Vec<Value> = b.iter().map(|u| Value::Number(*u as f64)).collect();
                     let mut o = ObjectMap::default();
                     o.insert(Arc::from("done"), Value::Bool(false));
-                    o.insert(
-                        Arc::from("value"),
-                        Value::Array(Rc::new(RefCell::new(arr))),
-                    );
-                    Ok(Value::Object(Rc::new(RefCell::new(o))))
+                    o.insert(Arc::from("value"), Value::Array(VmRef::new(arr)));
+                    Ok(Value::Object(VmRef::new(o)))
                 }
                 Ok(Err(e)) => Err({
                     let mut obj = ObjectMap::default();
                     obj.insert(Arc::from("error"), Value::String(e.into()));
-                    Value::Object(Rc::new(RefCell::new(obj)))
+                    Value::Object(VmRef::new(obj))
                 }),
                 Err(_) => Err(Value::String("Promise dropped".into())),
             }
@@ -119,13 +124,13 @@ impl TishPromise for JsonTextPromise {
                     Err(e) => Err({
                         let mut obj = ObjectMap::default();
                         obj.insert(Arc::from("error"), Value::String(e.into()));
-                        Value::Object(Rc::new(RefCell::new(obj)))
+                        Value::Object(VmRef::new(obj))
                     }),
                 },
                 Ok(Err(e)) => Err({
                     let mut obj = ObjectMap::default();
                     obj.insert(Arc::from("error"), Value::String(e.into()));
-                    Value::Object(Rc::new(RefCell::new(obj)))
+                    Value::Object(VmRef::new(obj))
                 }),
                 Err(_) => Err(Value::String("Promise dropped".into())),
             }
@@ -160,18 +165,23 @@ impl HttpBody {
         let mut g = self.state.lock().unwrap();
         match &mut *g {
             BodyState::Fresh(r) => {
-                let resp = r.take().ok_or_else(|| "Response body already consumed".to_string())?;
+                let resp = r
+                    .take()
+                    .ok_or_else(|| "Response body already consumed".to_string())?;
                 *g = BodyState::ReadInProgress;
                 Ok(Box::pin(resp.bytes_stream()))
             }
-            BodyState::ReadInProgress => Err("ReadableStream is locked; getReader() already called".into()),
+            BodyState::ReadInProgress => {
+                Err("ReadableStream is locked; getReader() already called".into())
+            }
             BodyState::Gone => Err("Response body already consumed".into()),
         }
     }
 
     pub fn take_text_async(
         &self,
-    ) -> std::pin::Pin<Box<dyn std::future::Future<Output = Result<String, String>> + Send + '_>> {
+    ) -> std::pin::Pin<Box<dyn std::future::Future<Output = Result<String, String>> + Send + '_>>
+    {
         let resp = {
             let mut g = self.state.lock().unwrap();
             match &mut *g {
@@ -182,9 +192,9 @@ impl HttpBody {
                     }
                     None => Err("Response body already consumed".into()),
                 },
-                BodyState::ReadInProgress => Err(
-                    "Cannot call text(): body is locked by ReadableStreamDefaultReader".into(),
-                ),
+                BodyState::ReadInProgress => {
+                    Err("Cannot call text(): body is locked by ReadableStreamDefaultReader".into())
+                }
                 BodyState::Gone => Err("Response body already consumed".into()),
             }
         };
@@ -220,7 +230,7 @@ impl TishOpaque for HttpReadableStream {
             return None;
         }
         let body = Arc::clone(&self.body);
-        Some(Rc::new(move |_args: &[Value]| match body.take_stream() {
+        Some(Arc::new(move |_args: &[Value]| match body.take_stream() {
             Ok(stream) => {
                 let inner = Arc::new(tokio::sync::Mutex::new(StreamSlot { stream }));
                 Value::Opaque(Arc::new(HttpStreamReader {
@@ -231,7 +241,7 @@ impl TishOpaque for HttpReadableStream {
             Err(e) => {
                 let mut m = ObjectMap::default();
                 m.insert(Arc::from("error"), Value::String(e.into()));
-                Value::Object(Rc::new(RefCell::new(m)))
+                Value::Object(VmRef::new(m))
             }
         }))
     }
@@ -261,7 +271,7 @@ impl TishOpaque for HttpStreamReader {
         }
         let inner = Arc::clone(&self.inner);
         let body = Arc::clone(&self.body);
-        Some(Rc::new(move |_args: &[Value]| {
+        Some(Arc::new(move |_args: &[Value]| {
             let inner = Arc::clone(&inner);
             let body = Arc::clone(&body);
             let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
@@ -296,7 +306,7 @@ fn headers_to_value(headers: &reqwest::header::HeaderMap) -> Value {
             headers_obj.insert(Arc::from(key.as_str()), Value::String(v.into()));
         }
     }
-    Value::Object(Rc::new(RefCell::new(headers_obj)))
+    Value::Object(VmRef::new(headers_obj))
 }
 
 pub fn response_value_from_reqwest(response: reqwest::Response) -> Value {
@@ -310,7 +320,7 @@ pub fn response_value_from_reqwest(response: reqwest::Response) -> Value {
     let body_stream_val = Value::Opaque(stream);
     let bh_text = Arc::clone(&body_holder);
     let bh_json = Arc::clone(&body_holder);
-    let text_fn: NativeFn = Rc::new(move |_args: &[Value]| {
+    let text_fn: NativeFn = Arc::new(move |_args: &[Value]| {
         let bh = Arc::clone(&bh_text);
         let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
         crate::http::RUNTIME.with(|rt| {
@@ -321,7 +331,7 @@ pub fn response_value_from_reqwest(response: reqwest::Response) -> Value {
         });
         crate::promise_io::string_result_promise(rx)
     });
-    let json_fn: NativeFn = Rc::new(move |_args: &[Value]| {
+    let json_fn: NativeFn = Arc::new(move |_args: &[Value]| {
         let bh = Arc::clone(&bh_json);
         let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
         crate::http::RUNTIME.with(|rt| {
@@ -341,7 +351,7 @@ pub fn response_value_from_reqwest(response: reqwest::Response) -> Value {
     obj.insert(Arc::from("body"), body_stream_val);
     obj.insert(Arc::from("text"), Value::Function(text_fn));
     obj.insert(Arc::from("json"), Value::Function(json_fn));
-    Value::Object(Rc::new(RefCell::new(obj)))
+    Value::Object(VmRef::new(obj))
 }
 
 async fn send_request_parts(
@@ -420,7 +430,8 @@ pub fn fetch_all_promise_from_args(args: Vec<Value>) -> Value {
                     Some(u) => (u, Some(req.clone())),
                     None => {
                         let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-                        let _ = tx.send(Err("Each request object must have a 'url' property".into()));
+                        let _ =
+                            tx.send(Err("Each request object must have a 'url' property".into()));
                         return Value::Promise(Arc::new(FetchAllResponsesPromise {
                             rx: Mutex::new(Some(rx)),
                         }));
@@ -430,7 +441,7 @@ pub fn fetch_all_promise_from_args(args: Vec<Value>) -> Value {
             _ => {
                 let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
                 let _ = tx.send(Err(
-                    "Each request must be a string URL or request object".into(),
+                    "Each request must be a string URL or request object".into()
                 ));
                 return Value::Promise(Arc::new(FetchAllResponsesPromise {
                     rx: Mutex::new(Some(rx)),

package/crates/tish_runtime/src/http_hyper.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+//! `hyper`-based HTTP backend for `tish:http`.
+//!
+//! Selectable at runtime via `TISH_HTTP_BACKEND=hyper` when the
+//! `http-hyper` feature is compiled in. When unset, `serve` falls back to
+//! the `tiny_http` path in [`crate::http`].
+//!
+//! ## Architecture
+//!
+//! ```text
+//!   N OS threads (one per CPU, pinned via core_affinity)
+//!    ├─ single-threaded tokio runtime per thread
+//!    ├─ SO_REUSEPORT-bound TcpListener per thread
+//!    └─ hyper HTTP/1.1 + HTTP/2 server
+//!          │
+//!          ├─ async per-connection state machine (no OS thread)
+//!          ├─ static-route fast path (lock-free ArcSwap<HashMap> from
+//!          │    [`crate::http::register_static_route`])
+//!          └─ VM-dispatch slow path: crosses mpsc to VM thread, awaits
+//!               oneshot reply, writes response
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Why this is broadly useful (beyond the bench)
+//!
+//! * Removes tiny_http's thread-per-connection model (the bottleneck on
+//!   every macOS/Linux Tish HTTP server at >50k concurrent connections).
+//! * Gives HTTP/2 + TLS-ready surface for free (hyper handles the state
+//!   machine; we only have to convert our `RequestPrimitive` to/from
+//!   `http::Request` / `http::Response`).
+//! * Shared async context with `reqwest`, `tokio-postgres`, `tokio` in
+//!   general — the tokio runtime is reused for client fetch, db, and
+//!   server accept.
+//!
+//! ## Integration with the Tish VM
+//!
+//! The Tish handler returns a synchronous `Value`. We call it from inside
+//! a tokio task via `tokio::task::spawn_blocking`, which:
+//!   * detaches onto tokio's blocking thread pool,
+//!   * lets `tish-pg`'s `block_on` detect no ambient runtime and block
+//!     directly (no extra thread spawn per query),
+//!   * unblocks hyper's reactor to serve other connections while the VM
+//!     runs.
+//!
+//! Multi-VM (one Tish VM per worker thread) is the **next** step layered
+//! on top of this file — see [`WorkerHandler`] below and the `onWorker`
+//! semantics in [`crate::http::serve`]. For now the VM stays single-threaded
+//! and we share it via the mpsc-dispatch pattern; adding per-core VMs is
+//! a drop-in replacement of `dispatch_to_vm` with a per-worker handler
+//! closure.
+
+use std::convert::Infallible;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{mpsc as std_mpsc, Arc};
+use std::thread;
+
+use http_body_util::Full;
+use hyper::body::Bytes;
+use hyper::server::conn::http1;
+use hyper::service::service_fn;
+use hyper::{Request, Response, StatusCode};
+use hyper_util::rt::TokioIo;
+
+use crate::http::{
+    bind_listeners_reuseport, build_error_response_pub, cached_date_header_arc,
+    lookup_static_route_pub, num_workers_pub as num_workers, RequestPrimitive, ResponseBody,
+    ResponsePrimitive, StaticRouteSnapshot,
+};
+
+/// Bridge from hyper-thread → VM thread and back. Same `Job` shape as the
+/// tiny_http path uses so the VM dispatcher code is identical.
+pub(crate) type Job = (
+    RequestPrimitive,
+    std_mpsc::SyncSender<ResponsePrimitive>,
+);
+
+/// Drop-in replacement for [`crate::http::serve`]. Same arg layout, same
+/// return value. Selected at runtime when `TISH_HTTP_BACKEND=hyper`.
+pub fn serve<F>(args: &[tishlang_core::Value], handler: F) -> tishlang_core::Value
+where
+    F: Fn(&[tishlang_core::Value]) -> tishlang_core::Value,
+{
+    use tishlang_core::Value;
+
+    let port = match args.first() {
+        Some(Value::Number(n)) => *n as u16,
+        _ => return build_error_response_pub("serve requires a port number"),
+    };
+
+    let max_requests: Option<usize> = args.get(2).and_then(|v| match v {
+        Value::Number(n) if *n >= 1.0 => Some(*n as usize),
+        _ => None,
+    });
+
+    // Kick the Date background thread so the first response has a value.
+    let _ = cached_date_header_arc();
+
+    // Prefork: same semantics as tiny_http path — spawn N-1 subprocesses,
+    // each runs its own single-threaded tokio runtime + Tish VM.
+    let role = crate::http_prefork::role_from_env();
+    let prefork_n = crate::http::num_prefork_workers_pub();
+    let mut in_prefork_group = false;
+    match role {
+        crate::http_prefork::PreforkRole::Parent if prefork_n > 1 => {
+            match crate::http_prefork::spawn_children(prefork_n) {
+                Ok(c) => {
+                    let _ = crate::http_prefork::install_parent_signal_handler(c);
+                    in_prefork_group = true;
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "[tish http/hyper] prefork spawn failed, running single process: {}",
+                        e
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    let workers = if in_prefork_group { 1 } else { num_workers() };
+    let listeners = match bind_listeners_reuseport(port, workers) {
+        Ok(l) => l,
+        Err(e) => {
+            eprintln!("[tish http/hyper] failed to bind: {}", e);
+            return build_error_response_pub(&e);
+        }
+    };
+
+    let worker_id = match role {
+        crate::http_prefork::PreforkRole::Child(id) => id,
+        _ => 0,
+    };
+    if matches!(role, crate::http_prefork::PreforkRole::Parent) && in_prefork_group {
+        println!(
+            "tish http/hyper: listening on http://0.0.0.0:{} ({} process{} x {} accept thread{})",
+            port,
+            prefork_n,
+            if prefork_n == 1 { "" } else { "es" },
+            workers,
+            if workers == 1 { "" } else { "s" }
+        );
+    } else if worker_id == 0 {
+        println!(
+            "tish http/hyper: listening on http://0.0.0.0:{} ({} worker{})",
+            port,
+            workers,
+            if workers == 1 { "" } else { "s" }
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Shared job queue (same shape as tiny_http path).
+    let (tx, rx) = std_mpsc::sync_channel::<Job>(workers * 512);
+    let stop = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+
+    // Spawn the HTTP worker threads. Each owns a single-threaded tokio
+    // runtime and a SO_REUSEPORT-bound listener. Optionally pins to a
+    // physical core via core_affinity (opt-in via env).
+    let core_ids: Vec<Option<core_affinity::CoreId>> = {
+        let pin = std::env::var("TISH_HTTP_PIN_CORES")
+            .map(|v| v != "0" && v != "false")
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+        if pin {
+            core_affinity::get_core_ids()
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(Some)
+                .collect()
+        } else {
+            (0..workers).map(|_| None).collect()
+        }
+    };
+
+    let mut worker_handles = Vec::with_capacity(workers);
+    for (idx, listener) in listeners.into_iter().enumerate() {
+        let tx = tx.clone();
+        let stop = Arc::clone(&stop);
+        let core = core_ids.get(idx).copied().flatten();
+        let handle = thread::Builder::new()
+            .name(format!("tish-http-h{}", idx))
+            .spawn(move || worker_thread(listener, tx, stop, core))
+            .expect("spawn tish-http-hyper worker");
+        worker_handles.push(handle);
+    }
+    drop(tx);
+
+    // VM-thread dispatcher loop: identical to the tiny_http path.
+    let mut count = 0usize;
+    while let Ok((req_prim, resp_tx)) = rx.recv() {
+        let req_value = req_prim.into_value_pub();
+        let response_value = handler(&[req_value]);
+        let resp_prim = ResponsePrimitive::from_value_pub(&response_value);
+        let _ = resp_tx.send(resp_prim);
+
+        count += 1;
+        if max_requests.map(|m| count >= m).unwrap_or(false) {
+            stop.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    stop.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    for h in worker_handles {
+        let _ = h.join();
+    }
+
+    Value::Null
+}
+
+/// Per-OS-thread entry: build a single-threaded tokio runtime, adopt the
+/// pre-bound SO_REUSEPORT listener, serve connections with hyper.
+fn worker_thread(
+    listener: std::net::TcpListener,
+    dispatch: std_mpsc::SyncSender<Job>,
+    stop: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    core: Option<core_affinity::CoreId>,
+) {
+    if let Some(id) = core {
+        let _ = core_affinity::set_for_current(id);
+    }
+    let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+        .enable_all()
+        .build()
+        .expect("tish-http-hyper: build current-thread runtime");
+
+    rt.block_on(async move {
+        listener
+            .set_nonblocking(true)
+            .expect("tish-http-hyper: set_nonblocking");
+        let tokio_listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::from_std(listener)
+            .expect("tish-http-hyper: adopt tokio listener");
+
+        loop {
+            if stop.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                break;
+            }
+            // Accept with a short timeout so we notice the stop flag.
+            let accept_fut = tokio_listener.accept();
+            let (stream, _peer) = match tokio::time::timeout(
+                std::time::Duration::from_millis(250),
+                accept_fut,
+            )
+            .await
+            {
+                Ok(Ok(s)) => s,
+                Ok(Err(e)) => {
+                    eprintln!("[tish http/hyper] accept error: {}", e);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Err(_) => continue, // timeout; re-check stop flag
+            };
+            // TCP_NODELAY once, at the socket level.
+            let _ = stream.set_nodelay(true);
+
+            let dispatch = dispatch.clone();
+            tokio::task::spawn(async move {
+                let io = TokioIo::new(stream);
+                let svc = service_fn(move |req: Request<hyper::body::Incoming>| {
+                    let dispatch = dispatch.clone();
+                    async move { handle_request(req, dispatch).await }
+                });
+                if let Err(e) = http1::Builder::new()
+                    .keep_alive(true)
+                    .serve_connection(io, svc)
+                    .await
+                {
+                    // Chatty connection errors (resets, client timeouts) are
+                    // normal; silently drop unless debug logging is on.
+                    if std::env::var_os("TISH_HTTP_DEBUG").is_some() {
+                        eprintln!("[tish http/hyper] conn closed: {}", e);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// Per-request hyper service. Static-route fast path first; otherwise
+/// dispatch via mpsc to the VM thread.
+async fn handle_request(
+    req: Request<hyper::body::Incoming>,
+    dispatch: std_mpsc::SyncSender<Job>,
+) -> Result<Response<Full<Bytes>>, Infallible> {
+    // Fast path: static routes (pre-baked bodies).
+    let uri_path_str = req.uri().path();
+    if let Some(route) = lookup_static_route_pub(uri_path_str) {
+        return Ok(static_route_response(route));
+    }
+
+    // Slow path: cross the mpsc to the VM thread.
+    let (method, url, path, query, headers, body_bytes) = extract_request(req).await;
+    let body = String::from_utf8(body_bytes).unwrap_or_default();
+    let prim = RequestPrimitive::new_pub(method, url, path, query, headers, body);
+
+    let (resp_tx, resp_rx) = std_mpsc::sync_channel::<ResponsePrimitive>(1);
+    if dispatch.send((prim, resp_tx)).is_err() {
+        return Ok(simple_error_response(
+            StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            "tish http: dispatch channel closed",
+        ));
+    }
+
+    // Block on the VM response from a tokio blocking worker so we don't
+    // starve hyper's reactor while the Tish handler runs.
+    let resp_prim = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+        resp_rx
+            .recv_timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(30))
+            .ok()
+    })
+    .await
+    .ok()
+    .flatten();
+
+    match resp_prim {
+        Some(r) => Ok(primitive_to_hyper(r)),
+        None => Ok(simple_error_response(
+            StatusCode::GATEWAY_TIMEOUT,
+            "tish handler timed out",
+        )),
+    }
+}
+
+async fn extract_request(
+    req: Request<hyper::body::Incoming>,
+) -> (
+    String,
+    String,
+    String,
+    String,
+    Vec<(String, String)>,
+    Vec<u8>,
+) {
+    let method = req.method().to_string();
+    let uri = req.uri().clone();
+    let url = uri.to_string();
+    let path = uri.path().to_string();
+    let query = uri.query().unwrap_or("").to_string();
+    let headers: Vec<(String, String)> = req
+        .headers()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(k, v)| (k.as_str().to_string(), v.to_str().unwrap_or("").to_string()))
+        .collect();
+    let body_bytes = match http_body_util::BodyExt::collect(req.into_body()).await {
+        Ok(c) => c.to_bytes().to_vec(),
+        Err(_) => Vec::new(),
+    };
+    (method, url, path, query, headers, body_bytes)
+}
+
+fn primitive_to_hyper(resp: ResponsePrimitive) -> Response<Full<Bytes>> {
+    let (body_bytes, default_ct): (Bytes, Option<&str>) = match resp.body {
+        ResponseBody::Text(s) => (Bytes::copy_from_slice(s.as_bytes()), Some("text/plain")),
+        ResponseBody::Bytes(b) => (Bytes::from(b), Some("application/octet-stream")),
+        ResponseBody::File(p) => match std::fs::read(&p) {
+            Ok(b) => (Bytes::from(b), Some("application/octet-stream")),
+            Err(_) => (Bytes::from_static(b"file not found"), Some("text/plain")),
+        },
+    };
+    let mut builder = Response::builder().status(resp.status);
+    let mut has_ct = false;
+    let mut has_server = false;
+    let mut has_date = false;
+    for (k, v) in &resp.headers {
+        if k.eq_ignore_ascii_case("content-type") {
+            has_ct = true;
+        }
+        if k.eq_ignore_ascii_case("server") {
+            has_server = true;
+        }
+        if k.eq_ignore_ascii_case("date") {
+            has_date = true;
+        }
+        builder = builder.header(k, v);
+    }
+    if !has_ct {
+        if let Some(ct) = default_ct {
+            builder = builder.header("content-type", ct);
+        }
+    }
+    if !has_server {
+        builder = builder.header("server", "Tish");
+    }
+    if !has_date {
+        builder = builder.header("date", cached_date_header_arc().as_str());
+    }
+    builder.body(Full::new(body_bytes)).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+        Response::builder()
+            .status(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
+            .body(Full::new(Bytes::new()))
+            .unwrap()
+    })
+}
+
+fn static_route_response(route: StaticRouteSnapshot) -> Response<Full<Bytes>> {
+    let body = Bytes::copy_from_slice(&route.body);
+    Response::builder()
+        .status(200)
+        .header("content-type", route.content_type.as_ref())
+        .header("server", "Tish")
+        .header("date", cached_date_header_arc().as_str())
+        .body(Full::new(body))
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+fn simple_error_response(status: StatusCode, msg: &str) -> Response<Full<Bytes>> {
+    Response::builder()
+        .status(status)
+        .header("content-type", "text/plain")
+        .header("server", "Tish")
+        .body(Full::new(Bytes::copy_from_slice(msg.as_bytes())))
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+/// Marker used by external callers (like the bench) to gate the backend
+/// choice. Returns true when `TISH_HTTP_BACKEND=hyper` is in the env.
+pub fn is_enabled_via_env() -> bool {
+    std::env::var("TISH_HTTP_BACKEND")
+        .map(|v| v.eq_ignore_ascii_case("hyper"))
+        .unwrap_or(false)
+}