@tilua/compiler 3.1.0 → 4.0.0

package/README.md

@@ -54,9 +54,10 @@ JavaScript module the build loads.
 | tilua | Luau |
 |---|---|
 | `const { a, b } = value` | `local a, b = value.a, value.b` |
-| `const [x, ...rest] = list` | `local x = list[1]; local rest = table.move(list, 2, #list, 1, {})` |
+| `const [x, ...rest] = list` | `local x = list[1]; local rest = table.move(list, 2, #list, 1, {})` — `{}` written down as an array |
 | `const { a = 1 } = t` | `local a = t.a; if a == nil then a = 1 end` |
-| `[1, 2]` / `{ a: 1, b }` | `{ 1, 2 }` / `{ a = 1, b = b }` |
+| `[1, 2]` / `{ a: 1, b }` | `tilua_asArray({ 1, 2 })` / `{ a = 1, b = b }` — see `typeof` below |
+| `typeof v` | `tilua_typeof(v)`, or `tilua_typeof(v, "array")` where `v`'s type already says which table it is |
 | `{ ...base, a: 1 }` / `[...xs, 1]` | a small helper copying the parts in order |
 | `` `${a} any` `` | `("%s any"):format(tostring(a))` |
 | `a?.b` | `if a == nil then nil else a.b` |
@@ -77,6 +78,26 @@ JavaScript module the build loads.
 | `x as T`, `x satisfies T`, types, `declare` | removed |
 | `names:filter(f)` | whatever the type library that declared `filter` says — see below |
 
+## `typeof`, arrays and objects
+
+Luau cannot tell an array from an object: both are tables, and an empty one
+has nothing to go by. So every array the program makes is written down as
+one where it is made — `[a, b]`, a rest parameter, `scriptArgs`, what
+`:map`, `:filter`, `:keys` and the rest answer — in a table that holds its
+keys weakly, one for the whole bundle. `tilua_asArray(t)` does that and hands
+`t` back.
+
+`typeof v` is Luau's `typeof` (Lua 5.1's `type`) for anything but a table.
+For a table it answers, in order:
+
+1. what `v`'s type says, where every table it can be is an array, or every
+   one an object — passed by the compiler, so nothing is looked up;
+2. `"array"` if it was written down as one;
+3. `"object"` if it has a metatable — an instance of a class;
+4. `"array"` if it has a first element, and `"object"` otherwise: a table the
+   program did not make (one `JSONDecode` answered) is read by its shape, and
+   an empty one of those is an `"object"`.
+
 ## Classes
 
 `class` is sugar over the Lua idiom, and it lowers to that idiom and nothing
@@ -185,7 +206,7 @@ argument (`arguments`: type, the code it was written as, and what a name was
 declared as). An answer can `prepend` Luau expressions ahead of the written
 arguments. `globalCall` and `globalValue` answer for a global, such as
 `print(x)` or a bare `print`. A runtime can read `__LINES__` to reach the
-bundle's line map. See the `@tilua/parser` README for the details.
+bundle's line map, and wraps a new array it answers with in `__ARRAY__(...)`. See the `@tilua/parser` README for the details.
 `console:log` is not built into the compiler: `@tilua-types/lua` implements it
 with these hooks.
 

package/dist/{chunk-VANZBLCL.js → chunk-VZ7XC4BG.js}

@@ -210,11 +210,11 @@ var Lowerer = class {
   origins = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
   run() {
     const body = this.options.module ? this.module(this.options.module) : this.topLevel(this.source.body.statements);
+    const scriptArgs = this.usesScriptArgs && !this.options.module ? [local(["scriptArgs"], [this.array(table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: vararg() }]))])] : [];
     const helpers = this.helperDefinitions();
     const captured = [...this.builtins].map(([global, local2]) => local([local2], [identifier(global)]));
-    const scriptArgs = this.usesScriptArgs && !this.options.module ? [local(["scriptArgs"], [table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: vararg() }])])] : [];
     return {
-      statements: [...scriptArgs, ...captured, ...helpers, ...this.classRuntimeStatements(), ...body],
+      statements: [...captured, ...helpers, ...scriptArgs, ...this.classRuntimeStatements(), ...body],
       exportsName: this.exportsName,
       module: this.info,
       diagnostics: this.diagnostics,
@@ -264,11 +264,36 @@ var Lowerer = class {
   helper(kind) {
     let name = this.helpers.get(kind);
     if (!name) {
-      name = this.names.fresh(`tilua_${kind}`);
+      name = this.names.fresh(`tilua_${kind === "array" ? "asArray" : kind}`);
       this.helpers.set(kind, name);
     }
     return identifier(name);
   }
+  // `typeof v` tells an array from an object, which Luau cannot: both are
+  // tables. So every array the program makes — `[a, b]`, a rest parameter,
+  // what `:map` answers — is written down as one, in a table that holds its
+  // keys weakly, and `typeof` looks there. A table nothing wrote down (one a
+  // Lua library made) is told by its type where that says, and by its shape
+  // where it does not.
+  /** `value`, a new array, written down as one. */
+  array(value) {
+    const marked = call(this.helper("array"), [value]);
+    this.marked.add(marked);
+    return marked;
+  }
+  /** The calls `array` made: each answers the one table it was given. */
+  marked = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakSet();
+  /** Luau reaching the record of arrays: the bundle's, or this file's own. */
+  arrays() {
+    return this.options.module?.arrays ?? this.helper("arrays").name;
+  }
+  typeofExpression(node) {
+    const known = this.options.types?.typeofTables.get(node);
+    let argument = node.argument;
+    while (argument.type === "ParenthesizedExpression") argument = argument.expression;
+    const value = this.expression(argument);
+    return call(this.helper("typeof"), known ? [value, string(known)] : [this.keptToOne(value)]);
+  }
   /** The local a library's runtime table gets in this file, emitting it the
    *  first time something asks. Keyed by library and by the key the library
    *  itself chose, so two libraries' tables never collide. */
@@ -463,6 +488,46 @@ var Lowerer = class {
   }
   helperDefinitions() {
     const out = [];
+    const runtimes = this.runtimeDefinitions();
+    if (this.helpers.has("concat")) this.helper("array");
+    const marker = this.helpers.get("array");
+    const typeOf = this.helpers.get("typeof");
+    if (marker || typeOf) {
+      const arrays = this.arrays();
+      const own = this.helpers.get("arrays");
+      if (own) {
+        out.push(...parseLuau(`local ${own} = ${this.builtin("setmetatable").name}({}, { __mode = "k" })`).body.statements);
+      }
+      if (marker) {
+        out.push(...parseLuau(`
+local function ${marker}(t)
+	${arrays}[t] = true
+	return t
+end`).body.statements);
+      }
+      if (typeOf) {
+        out.push(...parseLuau(`
+local function ${typeOf}(value, known)
+	local name = ${this.builtin(this.lua51 ? "type" : "typeof").name}(value)
+	if name ~= "table" then
+		return name
+	end
+	if known ~= nil then
+		return known
+	end
+	if ${arrays}[value] then
+		return "array"
+	end
+	if ${this.builtin("getmetatable").name}(value) ~= nil then
+		return "object"
+	end
+	if #value > 0 then
+		return "array"
+	end
+	return "object"
+end`).body.statements);
+      }
+    }
     const assign2 = this.helpers.get("assign");
     if (assign2) {
       out.push(localFunction(assign2, functionBody(["target"], [
@@ -477,25 +542,11 @@ var Lowerer = class {
         returns([identifier("target")])
       ], true)));
     }
-    for (const { index: index2, runtime: runtime2, name } of this.loweringUsed) {
-      const { plugin: plugin2, from } = this.lowerings[index2];
-      const source = plugin2.runtime?.[runtime2];
-      if (source === void 0) {
-        this.diagnostics.push({
-          message: `'${from}' asked for a runtime it does not have: '${runtime2}'`,
-          line: 1,
-          column: 1
-        });
-        continue;
-      }
-      const lines = this.options.module?.lines ?? "nil";
-      const fail = this.options.module?.fail ?? "nil";
-      out.push(...parseLuau(source.replace(/__NAME__/g, name).replace(/__LINES__/g, lines).replace(/__FAIL__/g, fail)).body.statements);
-    }
+    out.push(...runtimes);
     const concat = this.helpers.get("concat");
     if (concat) {
       out.push(localFunction(concat, functionBody([], [
-        local(["result"], [table([])]),
+        local(["result"], [this.array(table([]))]),
         numericFor("i", number(1), selectCount(this.builtin("select")), [
           local(["part"], [call(this.builtin("select"), [identifier("i"), vararg()])]),
           callStatement(call(member(this.builtin("table"), "move"), [
@@ -511,6 +562,26 @@ var Lowerer = class {
     }
     return out;
   }
+  /** The runtime tables the file's libraries were asked for. */
+  runtimeDefinitions() {
+    const out = [];
+    for (const { index: index2, runtime: runtime2, name } of this.loweringUsed) {
+      const { plugin: plugin2, from } = this.lowerings[index2];
+      const source = plugin2.runtime?.[runtime2];
+      if (source === void 0) {
+        this.diagnostics.push({
+          message: `'${from}' asked for a runtime it does not have: '${runtime2}'`,
+          line: 1,
+          column: 1
+        });
+        continue;
+      }
+      const lines = this.options.module?.lines ?? "nil";
+      const fail = this.options.module?.fail ?? "nil";
+      out.push(...parseLuau(source.replace(/__NAME__/g, name).replace(/__LINES__/g, lines).replace(/__FAIL__/g, fail).replace(/__ARRAY__/g, () => this.helper("array").name)).body.statements);
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
   // --------------------------------------------------------
   // Modules
   // --------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1263,7 +1334,7 @@ end
           number(pattern.elements.length + 1),
           unary("#", source),
           number(1),
-          table([])
+          this.array(table([]))
         ]);
         const rest = this.restTarget(pattern.rest, elements, mode, after);
         after.push(...rest.then);
@@ -1317,7 +1388,7 @@ end
     const names = [];
     for (const p of params) {
       if (p.rest) {
-        prelude.push(local([this.name(p.name)], [table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: vararg() }])]));
+        prelude.push(local([this.name(p.name)], [this.array(table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: vararg() }]))]));
         continue;
       }
       const name = p.pattern ? this.names.fresh("arg") : this.name(p.name);
@@ -1375,6 +1446,7 @@ end
         return binary(node.operator, left, right);
       }
       case "UnaryExpression":
+        if (node.operator === "typeof") return this.typeofExpression(node);
         return unary(node.operator, this.expression(node.argument));
       case "SuperExpression":
         return this.superClassReference(node);
@@ -1429,7 +1501,7 @@ end
    *  kept to one there, `f((g()))`. Every value is taken only where the
    *  program asks for them, as an array's last element: `[g()]`. */
   keptToOne(value) {
-    return expandsToMany(value) ? parenthesized(value) : value;
+    return expandsToMany(value) && !this.marked.has(value) ? parenthesized(value) : value;
   }
   /** Is this `scriptArgs` the language's own, not a name the file declared? */
   isLanguageGlobal(node) {
@@ -1710,7 +1782,7 @@ end
   arrayExpression(node) {
     const elements = packs(node.elements).items;
     if (!elements.some((e) => e.type === "SpreadElement")) {
-      return table(elements.map((e) => ({ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: this.expression(e) })));
+      return this.array(table(elements.map((e) => ({ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: this.expression(e) }))));
     }
     const parts = [];
     let current = [];
@@ -2100,6 +2172,7 @@ async function bundle(options) {
         require: requireExpression,
         lines: `${G}.lines`,
         fail: `${G}.fail`,
+        arrays: `${G}.arrays`,
         resolve: (specifier) => {
           const target = resolveModulePath(file, specifier, config);
           if (!target || target.endsWith(".d.tilua") || !sources.has(target)) return void 0;
@@ -2145,6 +2218,7 @@ async function bundle(options) {
   const assignment = program2.body.statements[1];
   if ([...modules.values()].some((m) => m.usesScriptArgs)) {
     program2.body.statements.unshift(local(["scriptArgs"], [table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: { type: "VarargExpression" } }])]));
+    program2.body.statements.push(...parseLuau2(`${G}.arrays[scriptArgs] = true`).body.statements);
   }
   const modulesTable = assignment.type === "AssignmentStatement" && assignment.values[0].type === "TableExpression" ? assignment.values[0].fields.find((f) => f.type === "TableFieldNamed" && f.name.name === "modules")?.value : void 0;
   if (!modulesTable) throw new Error("@tilua/compiler: the bundle runtime has no modules table");
@@ -2188,6 +2262,9 @@ function runtime(G) {
 local ${G}
 ${G} = {
     modules = {},
+    -- Every array the program made, so \`typeof\` can tell one from an object.
+    -- The keys are held weakly: being written down keeps no array alive.
+    arrays = setmetatable({}, { __mode = "k" }),
     -- Filled in just before the entry runs: bundle line -> { file, line }.
     lines = nil,
     -- What an error nothing caught says, in the project's files: the bundle's

package/dist/cli.cjs

@@ -226,11 +226,11 @@ var Lowerer = class {
   origins = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
   run() {
     const body = this.options.module ? this.module(this.options.module) : this.topLevel(this.source.body.statements);
+    const scriptArgs = this.usesScriptArgs && !this.options.module ? [local(["scriptArgs"], [this.array(table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: vararg() }]))])] : [];
     const helpers = this.helperDefinitions();
     const captured = [...this.builtins].map(([global, local2]) => local([local2], [identifier(global)]));
-    const scriptArgs = this.usesScriptArgs && !this.options.module ? [local(["scriptArgs"], [table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: vararg() }])])] : [];
     return {
-      statements: [...scriptArgs, ...captured, ...helpers, ...this.classRuntimeStatements(), ...body],
+      statements: [...captured, ...helpers, ...scriptArgs, ...this.classRuntimeStatements(), ...body],
       exportsName: this.exportsName,
       module: this.info,
       diagnostics: this.diagnostics,
@@ -280,11 +280,36 @@ var Lowerer = class {
   helper(kind) {
     let name = this.helpers.get(kind);
     if (!name) {
-      name = this.names.fresh(`tilua_${kind}`);
+      name = this.names.fresh(`tilua_${kind === "array" ? "asArray" : kind}`);
       this.helpers.set(kind, name);
     }
     return identifier(name);
   }
+  // `typeof v` tells an array from an object, which Luau cannot: both are
+  // tables. So every array the program makes — `[a, b]`, a rest parameter,
+  // what `:map` answers — is written down as one, in a table that holds its
+  // keys weakly, and `typeof` looks there. A table nothing wrote down (one a
+  // Lua library made) is told by its type where that says, and by its shape
+  // where it does not.
+  /** `value`, a new array, written down as one. */
+  array(value) {
+    const marked = call(this.helper("array"), [value]);
+    this.marked.add(marked);
+    return marked;
+  }
+  /** The calls `array` made: each answers the one table it was given. */
+  marked = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakSet();
+  /** Luau reaching the record of arrays: the bundle's, or this file's own. */
+  arrays() {
+    return this.options.module?.arrays ?? this.helper("arrays").name;
+  }
+  typeofExpression(node) {
+    const known = this.options.types?.typeofTables.get(node);
+    let argument = node.argument;
+    while (argument.type === "ParenthesizedExpression") argument = argument.expression;
+    const value = this.expression(argument);
+    return call(this.helper("typeof"), known ? [value, string(known)] : [this.keptToOne(value)]);
+  }
   /** The local a library's runtime table gets in this file, emitting it the
    *  first time something asks. Keyed by library and by the key the library
    *  itself chose, so two libraries' tables never collide. */
@@ -479,6 +504,46 @@ var Lowerer = class {
   }
   helperDefinitions() {
     const out2 = [];
+    const runtimes = this.runtimeDefinitions();
+    if (this.helpers.has("concat")) this.helper("array");
+    const marker = this.helpers.get("array");
+    const typeOf = this.helpers.get("typeof");
+    if (marker || typeOf) {
+      const arrays = this.arrays();
+      const own = this.helpers.get("arrays");
+      if (own) {
+        out2.push(...(0, import_luau_parser.parse)(`local ${own} = ${this.builtin("setmetatable").name}({}, { __mode = "k" })`).body.statements);
+      }
+      if (marker) {
+        out2.push(...(0, import_luau_parser.parse)(`
+local function ${marker}(t)
+	${arrays}[t] = true
+	return t
+end`).body.statements);
+      }
+      if (typeOf) {
+        out2.push(...(0, import_luau_parser.parse)(`
+local function ${typeOf}(value, known)
+	local name = ${this.builtin(this.lua51 ? "type" : "typeof").name}(value)
+	if name ~= "table" then
+		return name
+	end
+	if known ~= nil then
+		return known
+	end
+	if ${arrays}[value] then
+		return "array"
+	end
+	if ${this.builtin("getmetatable").name}(value) ~= nil then
+		return "object"
+	end
+	if #value > 0 then
+		return "array"
+	end
+	return "object"
+end`).body.statements);
+      }
+    }
     const assign2 = this.helpers.get("assign");
     if (assign2) {
       out2.push(localFunction(assign2, functionBody(["target"], [
@@ -493,25 +558,11 @@ var Lowerer = class {
         returns([identifier("target")])
       ], true)));
     }
-    for (const { index: index2, runtime: runtime2, name } of this.loweringUsed) {
-      const { plugin: plugin2, from } = this.lowerings[index2];
-      const source = plugin2.runtime?.[runtime2];
-      if (source === void 0) {
-        this.diagnostics.push({
-          message: `'${from}' asked for a runtime it does not have: '${runtime2}'`,
-          line: 1,
-          column: 1
-        });
-        continue;
-      }
-      const lines = this.options.module?.lines ?? "nil";
-      const fail = this.options.module?.fail ?? "nil";
-      out2.push(...(0, import_luau_parser.parse)(source.replace(/__NAME__/g, name).replace(/__LINES__/g, lines).replace(/__FAIL__/g, fail)).body.statements);
-    }
+    out2.push(...runtimes);
     const concat = this.helpers.get("concat");
     if (concat) {
       out2.push(localFunction(concat, functionBody([], [
-        local(["result"], [table([])]),
+        local(["result"], [this.array(table([]))]),
         numericFor("i", number(1), selectCount(this.builtin("select")), [
           local(["part"], [call(this.builtin("select"), [identifier("i"), vararg()])]),
           callStatement(call(member(this.builtin("table"), "move"), [
@@ -527,6 +578,26 @@ var Lowerer = class {
     }
     return out2;
   }
+  /** The runtime tables the file's libraries were asked for. */
+  runtimeDefinitions() {
+    const out2 = [];
+    for (const { index: index2, runtime: runtime2, name } of this.loweringUsed) {
+      const { plugin: plugin2, from } = this.lowerings[index2];
+      const source = plugin2.runtime?.[runtime2];
+      if (source === void 0) {
+        this.diagnostics.push({
+          message: `'${from}' asked for a runtime it does not have: '${runtime2}'`,
+          line: 1,
+          column: 1
+        });
+        continue;
+      }
+      const lines = this.options.module?.lines ?? "nil";
+      const fail = this.options.module?.fail ?? "nil";
+      out2.push(...(0, import_luau_parser.parse)(source.replace(/__NAME__/g, name).replace(/__LINES__/g, lines).replace(/__FAIL__/g, fail).replace(/__ARRAY__/g, () => this.helper("array").name)).body.statements);
+    }
+    return out2;
+  }
   // --------------------------------------------------------
   // Modules
   // --------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1279,7 +1350,7 @@ end
           number(pattern.elements.length + 1),
           unary("#", source),
           number(1),
-          table([])
+          this.array(table([]))
         ]);
         const rest = this.restTarget(pattern.rest, elements, mode, after);
         after.push(...rest.then);
@@ -1333,7 +1404,7 @@ end
     const names = [];
     for (const p of params) {
       if (p.rest) {
-        prelude.push(local([this.name(p.name)], [table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: vararg() }])]));
+        prelude.push(local([this.name(p.name)], [this.array(table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: vararg() }]))]));
         continue;
       }
       const name = p.pattern ? this.names.fresh("arg") : this.name(p.name);
@@ -1391,6 +1462,7 @@ end
         return binary(node.operator, left, right);
       }
       case "UnaryExpression":
+        if (node.operator === "typeof") return this.typeofExpression(node);
         return unary(node.operator, this.expression(node.argument));
       case "SuperExpression":
         return this.superClassReference(node);
@@ -1445,7 +1517,7 @@ end
    *  kept to one there, `f((g()))`. Every value is taken only where the
    *  program asks for them, as an array's last element: `[g()]`. */
   keptToOne(value) {
-    return expandsToMany(value) ? parenthesized(value) : value;
+    return expandsToMany(value) && !this.marked.has(value) ? parenthesized(value) : value;
   }
   /** Is this `scriptArgs` the language's own, not a name the file declared? */
   isLanguageGlobal(node) {
@@ -1726,7 +1798,7 @@ end
   arrayExpression(node) {
     const elements = packs(node.elements).items;
     if (!elements.some((e) => e.type === "SpreadElement")) {
-      return table(elements.map((e) => ({ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: this.expression(e) })));
+      return this.array(table(elements.map((e) => ({ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: this.expression(e) }))));
     }
     const parts = [];
     let current = [];
@@ -2097,6 +2169,7 @@ async function bundle(options) {
         require: requireExpression,
         lines: `${G}.lines`,
         fail: `${G}.fail`,
+        arrays: `${G}.arrays`,
         resolve: (specifier) => {
           const target = (0, import_parser6.resolveModulePath)(file, specifier, config2);
           if (!target || target.endsWith(".d.tilua") || !sources.has(target)) return void 0;
@@ -2142,6 +2215,7 @@ async function bundle(options) {
   const assignment = program.body.statements[1];
   if ([...modules.values()].some((m) => m.usesScriptArgs)) {
     program.body.statements.unshift(local(["scriptArgs"], [table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: { type: "VarargExpression" } }])]));
+    program.body.statements.push(...(0, import_luau_parser2.parse)(`${G}.arrays[scriptArgs] = true`).body.statements);
   }
   const modulesTable = assignment.type === "AssignmentStatement" && assignment.values[0].type === "TableExpression" ? assignment.values[0].fields.find((f) => f.type === "TableFieldNamed" && f.name.name === "modules")?.value : void 0;
   if (!modulesTable) throw new Error("@tilua/compiler: the bundle runtime has no modules table");
@@ -2185,6 +2259,9 @@ function runtime(G) {
 local ${G}
 ${G} = {
     modules = {},
+    -- Every array the program made, so \`typeof\` can tell one from an object.
+    -- The keys are held weakly: being written down keeps no array alive.
+    arrays = setmetatable({}, { __mode = "k" }),
     -- Filled in just before the entry runs: bundle line -> { file, line }.
     lines = nil,
     -- What an error nothing caught says, in the project's files: the bundle's

package/dist/cli.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 import {
   bundle
-} from "./chunk-VANZBLCL.js";
+} from "./chunk-VZ7XC4BG.js";
 
 // src/cli.ts
 import { writeFileSync } from "fs";

package/dist/index.cjs

@@ -250,11 +250,11 @@ var Lowerer = class {
   origins = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
   run() {
     const body = this.options.module ? this.module(this.options.module) : this.topLevel(this.source.body.statements);
+    const scriptArgs = this.usesScriptArgs && !this.options.module ? [local(["scriptArgs"], [this.array(table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: vararg() }]))])] : [];
     const helpers = this.helperDefinitions();
     const captured = [...this.builtins].map(([global, local2]) => local([local2], [identifier(global)]));
-    const scriptArgs = this.usesScriptArgs && !this.options.module ? [local(["scriptArgs"], [table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: vararg() }])])] : [];
     return {
-      statements: [...scriptArgs, ...captured, ...helpers, ...this.classRuntimeStatements(), ...body],
+      statements: [...captured, ...helpers, ...scriptArgs, ...this.classRuntimeStatements(), ...body],
       exportsName: this.exportsName,
       module: this.info,
       diagnostics: this.diagnostics,
@@ -304,11 +304,36 @@ var Lowerer = class {
   helper(kind) {
     let name = this.helpers.get(kind);
     if (!name) {
-      name = this.names.fresh(`tilua_${kind}`);
+      name = this.names.fresh(`tilua_${kind === "array" ? "asArray" : kind}`);
       this.helpers.set(kind, name);
     }
     return identifier(name);
   }
+  // `typeof v` tells an array from an object, which Luau cannot: both are
+  // tables. So every array the program makes — `[a, b]`, a rest parameter,
+  // what `:map` answers — is written down as one, in a table that holds its
+  // keys weakly, and `typeof` looks there. A table nothing wrote down (one a
+  // Lua library made) is told by its type where that says, and by its shape
+  // where it does not.
+  /** `value`, a new array, written down as one. */
+  array(value) {
+    const marked = call(this.helper("array"), [value]);
+    this.marked.add(marked);
+    return marked;
+  }
+  /** The calls `array` made: each answers the one table it was given. */
+  marked = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakSet();
+  /** Luau reaching the record of arrays: the bundle's, or this file's own. */
+  arrays() {
+    return this.options.module?.arrays ?? this.helper("arrays").name;
+  }
+  typeofExpression(node) {
+    const known = this.options.types?.typeofTables.get(node);
+    let argument = node.argument;
+    while (argument.type === "ParenthesizedExpression") argument = argument.expression;
+    const value = this.expression(argument);
+    return call(this.helper("typeof"), known ? [value, string(known)] : [this.keptToOne(value)]);
+  }
   /** The local a library's runtime table gets in this file, emitting it the
    *  first time something asks. Keyed by library and by the key the library
    *  itself chose, so two libraries' tables never collide. */
@@ -503,6 +528,46 @@ var Lowerer = class {
   }
   helperDefinitions() {
     const out = [];
+    const runtimes = this.runtimeDefinitions();
+    if (this.helpers.has("concat")) this.helper("array");
+    const marker = this.helpers.get("array");
+    const typeOf = this.helpers.get("typeof");
+    if (marker || typeOf) {
+      const arrays = this.arrays();
+      const own = this.helpers.get("arrays");
+      if (own) {
+        out.push(...(0, import_luau_parser.parse)(`local ${own} = ${this.builtin("setmetatable").name}({}, { __mode = "k" })`).body.statements);
+      }
+      if (marker) {
+        out.push(...(0, import_luau_parser.parse)(`
+local function ${marker}(t)
+	${arrays}[t] = true
+	return t
+end`).body.statements);
+      }
+      if (typeOf) {
+        out.push(...(0, import_luau_parser.parse)(`
+local function ${typeOf}(value, known)
+	local name = ${this.builtin(this.lua51 ? "type" : "typeof").name}(value)
+	if name ~= "table" then
+		return name
+	end
+	if known ~= nil then
+		return known
+	end
+	if ${arrays}[value] then
+		return "array"
+	end
+	if ${this.builtin("getmetatable").name}(value) ~= nil then
+		return "object"
+	end
+	if #value > 0 then
+		return "array"
+	end
+	return "object"
+end`).body.statements);
+      }
+    }
     const assign2 = this.helpers.get("assign");
     if (assign2) {
       out.push(localFunction(assign2, functionBody(["target"], [
@@ -517,25 +582,11 @@ var Lowerer = class {
         returns([identifier("target")])
       ], true)));
     }
-    for (const { index: index2, runtime: runtime2, name } of this.loweringUsed) {
-      const { plugin: plugin2, from } = this.lowerings[index2];
-      const source = plugin2.runtime?.[runtime2];
-      if (source === void 0) {
-        this.diagnostics.push({
-          message: `'${from}' asked for a runtime it does not have: '${runtime2}'`,
-          line: 1,
-          column: 1
-        });
-        continue;
-      }
-      const lines = this.options.module?.lines ?? "nil";
-      const fail = this.options.module?.fail ?? "nil";
-      out.push(...(0, import_luau_parser.parse)(source.replace(/__NAME__/g, name).replace(/__LINES__/g, lines).replace(/__FAIL__/g, fail)).body.statements);
-    }
+    out.push(...runtimes);
     const concat = this.helpers.get("concat");
     if (concat) {
       out.push(localFunction(concat, functionBody([], [
-        local(["result"], [table([])]),
+        local(["result"], [this.array(table([]))]),
         numericFor("i", number(1), selectCount(this.builtin("select")), [
           local(["part"], [call(this.builtin("select"), [identifier("i"), vararg()])]),
           callStatement(call(member(this.builtin("table"), "move"), [
@@ -551,6 +602,26 @@ var Lowerer = class {
     }
     return out;
   }
+  /** The runtime tables the file's libraries were asked for. */
+  runtimeDefinitions() {
+    const out = [];
+    for (const { index: index2, runtime: runtime2, name } of this.loweringUsed) {
+      const { plugin: plugin2, from } = this.lowerings[index2];
+      const source = plugin2.runtime?.[runtime2];
+      if (source === void 0) {
+        this.diagnostics.push({
+          message: `'${from}' asked for a runtime it does not have: '${runtime2}'`,
+          line: 1,
+          column: 1
+        });
+        continue;
+      }
+      const lines = this.options.module?.lines ?? "nil";
+      const fail = this.options.module?.fail ?? "nil";
+      out.push(...(0, import_luau_parser.parse)(source.replace(/__NAME__/g, name).replace(/__LINES__/g, lines).replace(/__FAIL__/g, fail).replace(/__ARRAY__/g, () => this.helper("array").name)).body.statements);
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
   // --------------------------------------------------------
   // Modules
   // --------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1303,7 +1374,7 @@ end
           number(pattern.elements.length + 1),
           unary("#", source),
           number(1),
-          table([])
+          this.array(table([]))
         ]);
         const rest = this.restTarget(pattern.rest, elements, mode, after);
         after.push(...rest.then);
@@ -1357,7 +1428,7 @@ end
     const names = [];
     for (const p of params) {
       if (p.rest) {
-        prelude.push(local([this.name(p.name)], [table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: vararg() }])]));
+        prelude.push(local([this.name(p.name)], [this.array(table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: vararg() }]))]));
         continue;
       }
       const name = p.pattern ? this.names.fresh("arg") : this.name(p.name);
@@ -1415,6 +1486,7 @@ end
         return binary(node.operator, left, right);
       }
       case "UnaryExpression":
+        if (node.operator === "typeof") return this.typeofExpression(node);
         return unary(node.operator, this.expression(node.argument));
       case "SuperExpression":
         return this.superClassReference(node);
@@ -1469,7 +1541,7 @@ end
    *  kept to one there, `f((g()))`. Every value is taken only where the
    *  program asks for them, as an array's last element: `[g()]`. */
   keptToOne(value) {
-    return expandsToMany(value) ? parenthesized(value) : value;
+    return expandsToMany(value) && !this.marked.has(value) ? parenthesized(value) : value;
   }
   /** Is this `scriptArgs` the language's own, not a name the file declared? */
   isLanguageGlobal(node) {
@@ -1750,7 +1822,7 @@ end
   arrayExpression(node) {
     const elements = packs(node.elements).items;
     if (!elements.some((e) => e.type === "SpreadElement")) {
-      return table(elements.map((e) => ({ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: this.expression(e) })));
+      return this.array(table(elements.map((e) => ({ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: this.expression(e) }))));
     }
     const parts = [];
     let current = [];
@@ -2121,6 +2193,7 @@ async function bundle(options) {
         require: requireExpression,
         lines: `${G}.lines`,
         fail: `${G}.fail`,
+        arrays: `${G}.arrays`,
         resolve: (specifier) => {
           const target = (0, import_parser6.resolveModulePath)(file, specifier, config);
           if (!target || target.endsWith(".d.tilua") || !sources.has(target)) return void 0;
@@ -2166,6 +2239,7 @@ async function bundle(options) {
   const assignment = program2.body.statements[1];
   if ([...modules.values()].some((m) => m.usesScriptArgs)) {
     program2.body.statements.unshift(local(["scriptArgs"], [table([{ type: "TableFieldPositional", value: { type: "VarargExpression" } }])]));
+    program2.body.statements.push(...(0, import_luau_parser2.parse)(`${G}.arrays[scriptArgs] = true`).body.statements);
   }
   const modulesTable = assignment.type === "AssignmentStatement" && assignment.values[0].type === "TableExpression" ? assignment.values[0].fields.find((f) => f.type === "TableFieldNamed" && f.name.name === "modules")?.value : void 0;
   if (!modulesTable) throw new Error("@tilua/compiler: the bundle runtime has no modules table");
@@ -2209,6 +2283,9 @@ function runtime(G) {
 local ${G}
 ${G} = {
     modules = {},
+    -- Every array the program made, so \`typeof\` can tell one from an object.
+    -- The keys are held weakly: being written down keeps no array alive.
+    arrays = setmetatable({}, { __mode = "k" }),
     -- Filled in just before the entry runs: bundle line -> { file, line }.
     lines = nil,
     -- What an error nothing caught says, in the project's files: the bundle's

package/dist/index.d.cts

@@ -100,6 +100,9 @@ interface ModuleContext {
      *  reads, as `__FAIL__`, to report an error from a callback the way an
      *  error that reached the entry is reported. */
     readonly fail?: string;
+    /** Luau reaching the bundle's record of which tables are arrays, so that
+     *  every module marks and reads the same one (`typeof`). */
+    readonly arrays?: string;
 }
 interface LowerOptions {
     /** Lower the file as a module of a bundle. Without it, `import` and

package/dist/index.d.ts

@@ -100,6 +100,9 @@ interface ModuleContext {
      *  reads, as `__FAIL__`, to report an error from a callback the way an
      *  error that reached the entry is reported. */
     readonly fail?: string;
+    /** Luau reaching the bundle's record of which tables are arrays, so that
+     *  every module marks and reads the same one (`typeof`). */
+    readonly arrays?: string;
 }
 interface LowerOptions {
     /** Lower the file as a module of a bundle. Without it, `import` and

package/dist/index.js

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {
   lower,
   program,
   resolveConfig
-} from "./chunk-VANZBLCL.js";
+} from "./chunk-VZ7XC4BG.js";
 
 // src/compile.ts
 import { readFileSync } from "fs";

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@tilua/compiler",
-  "version": "3.1.0",
+  "version": "4.0.0",
   "description": "Compiles tilua to Luau: lowers the @tilua/parser AST to a luau-parser AST and prints it",
   "main": "./dist/index.js",
   "module": "./dist/index.js",
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
   "type": "module",
   "dependencies": {
     "luau-parser": "^1.0.3",
-    "@tilua/parser": "^3.1.0"
+    "@tilua/parser": "^4.0.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@types/node": "^22.20.2",

package/runtime/array.luau

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ function __NAME__.findIndex(t, test)
 end
 
 function __NAME__.filter(t, test)
-	local out = {}
+	local out = __ARRAY__({})
 	for i = 1, #t do
 		if test(t[i], i) then
 			out[#out + 1] = t[i]
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ function __NAME__.filter(t, test)
 end
 
 function __NAME__.map(t, transform)
-	local out = {}
+	local out = __ARRAY__({})
 	for i = 1, #t do
 		out[i] = transform(t[i], i)
 	end
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ function __NAME__.join(t, separator)
 end
 
 function __NAME__.concat(t, ...)
-	local out = {}
+	local out = __ARRAY__({})
 	table.move(t, 1, #t, 1, out)
 	for i = 1, select("#", ...) do
 		local part = select(i, ...)
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ function __NAME__.slice(t, start, stop)
 	if to < 0 then to = n + to + 1 end
 	if from < 1 then from = 1 end
 	if to > n then to = n end
-	local out = {}
+	local out = __ARRAY__({})
 	for i = from, to do
 		out[#out + 1] = t[i]
 	end
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ end
 
 -- One level, as JavaScript's `flat()` does by default.
 function __NAME__.flat(t)
-	local out = {}
+	local out = __ARRAY__({})
 	for i = 1, #t do
 		local value = t[i]
 		if type(value) == "table" then

package/runtime/object.luau

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ local __NAME__ = {}
 -- follow the named ones. With no one order to give (`known` is nil), every
 -- key is listed, in the order `pairs` walks them.
 local function keysOf(known, open, t)
-	local out = {}
+	local out = __ARRAY__({})
 	if known == nil then
 		for key in pairs(t) do
 			out[#out + 1] = key
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ end
 -- rather than moving everything after it up one.
 function __NAME__.values(known, open, t)
 	local keys = keysOf(known, open, t)
-	local out = {}
+	local out = __ARRAY__({})
 	for i = 1, #keys do
 		out[i] = t[keys[i]]
 	end
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ end
 
 function __NAME__.entries(known, open, t)
 	local keys = keysOf(known, open, t)
-	local out = {}
+	local out = __ARRAY__({})
 	for i = 1, #keys do
-		out[i] = { keys[i], t[keys[i]] }
+		out[i] = __ARRAY__({ keys[i], t[keys[i]] })
 	end
 	return out
 end

package/runtime/string.luau

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ local function values(...)
 	if select("#", ...) <= 1 and (...) == nil then
 		return nil
 	end
-	return { ... }
+	return __ARRAY__({ ... })
 end
 
 function __NAME__.find(s, pattern, init, plain)
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ function __NAME__.byte(s, i, j)
 	if j == nil then
 		return (string.byte(s, i))
 	end
-	return { string.byte(s, i, j) }
+	return __ARRAY__({ string.byte(s, i, j) })
 end
 
 -- An iterator function: each call is one match's captures, as an array.