@tileflow/core 0.1.0-alpha.38 → 0.1.0-alpha.39

package/dist/3d.js

@@ -655,15 +655,15 @@ function tileflowBuildingStyleLight(value, bearing) {
   const light = typeof value === "object" && value !== null ? value : {};
   const position = Array.isArray(light.position) && light.position.length === 3 && light.position.every((part) => typeof part === "number" && Number.isFinite(part)) ? light.position : [1.15, 210, 30];
   const [radius, azimuth, polar] = position;
-  const radians = Math.PI / 180;
-  const angle = (azimuth + 90 + (light.anchor === "map" ? 0 : bearing)) * radians;
-  const horizontal = radius * Math.sin(polar * radians);
+  const radians2 = Math.PI / 180;
+  const angle = (azimuth + 90 + (light.anchor === "map" ? 0 : bearing)) * radians2;
+  const horizontal = radius * Math.sin(polar * radians2);
   const colour = typeof light.color === "string" ? tileflowColourChannels(light.color) : null;
   return {
     position: [
       horizontal * Math.cos(angle),
       horizontal * Math.sin(angle),
-      radius * Math.cos(polar * radians)
+      radius * Math.cos(polar * radians2)
     ],
     colour: colour ? colour.slice(0, 3) : [1, 1, 1],
     intensity: typeof light.intensity === "number" && Number.isFinite(light.intensity) ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, light.intensity)) : 0.5
@@ -2187,6 +2187,35 @@ function hash(value) {
   return s - Math.floor(s);
 }
 
+// src/scene-3d-shaders.ts
+var tileflowShadowLookup = `
+uniform highp sampler2DShadow u_shadow_map;
+uniform float u_shadow;
+uniform float u_depth_unit;
+
+float visibility(vec3 c, float bias) {
+  if (u_shadow <= 0.0 || c.x <= 0.0 || c.y <= 0.0 || c.x >= 1.0 || c.y >= 1.0 || c.z >= 1.0)
+    return 1.0;
+  float z = c.z - bias * u_depth_unit;
+  // The depth texture uses LINEAR comparison; an extra multi-tap kernel would
+  // spread distant texels into metres of soft shadow.
+  return texture(u_shadow_map, vec3(c.xy, z));
+}`;
+var tileflowHazeVertex = `
+out float v_haze_depth;`;
+var tileflowHazeFragment = `
+in float v_haze_depth;
+uniform vec3 u_haze_colour;
+uniform vec3 u_haze; // strength; the view depths where the haze starts and is complete
+
+float hazeOf() {
+  return u_haze.x > 0.0 ? u_haze.x * smoothstep(u_haze.y, u_haze.z, v_haze_depth) : 0.0;
+}
+
+vec3 hazed(vec3 colour) {
+  return mix(colour, u_haze_colour, hazeOf());
+}`;
+
 // src/buildings-3d-occlusion.ts
 var tileflowBuildingOcclusion = {
   ground: 3,
@@ -2282,9 +2311,10 @@ void main() {
 var buildingContactCompositeFragment = `#version 300 es
 precision highp float;
 uniform highp sampler2D u_contact;
+${tileflowHazeFragment}
 out vec4 fragColor;
 void main() {
-  float shade = texelFetch(u_contact, ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy), 0).r;
+  float shade = mix(texelFetch(u_contact, ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy), 0).r, 1.0, hazeOf());
   fragColor = vec4(vec3(shade), 1.0);
 }`;
 function createBuildingContactMask() {
@@ -2371,21 +2401,6 @@ function drawBuildingOpacity(gl, opacity, draw) {
   }
 }
 
-// src/scene-3d-shaders.ts
-var tileflowShadowLookup = `
-uniform highp sampler2DShadow u_shadow_map;
-uniform float u_shadow;
-uniform float u_depth_unit;
-
-float visibility(vec3 c, float bias) {
-  if (u_shadow <= 0.0 || c.x <= 0.0 || c.y <= 0.0 || c.x >= 1.0 || c.y >= 1.0 || c.z >= 1.0)
-    return 1.0;
-  float z = c.z - bias * u_depth_unit;
-  // The depth texture uses LINEAR comparison; an extra multi-tap kernel would
-  // spread distant texels into metres of soft shadow.
-  return texture(u_shadow_map, vec3(c.xy, z));
-}`;
-
 // src/buildings-3d-shaders.ts
 var tileflowBuildingAttributes = [
   ["a_pos", 2, "UNSIGNED_SHORT", false, 0],
@@ -2417,6 +2432,11 @@ var growth = `
 uniform float u_scale;
 uniform vec2 u_offset; // this tile's corner from the scene's origin, in tile units
 uniform float u_metres; // metres per tile unit
+// The disc the city's tiles cover whole, in this tile's units: its centre, where heights start to
+// ease down and where they are gone; none while its radius is 0. And the view's direction along the
+// ground, in this tile's axes.
+uniform vec4 u_ring;
+uniform vec2 u_ring_ahead;
 
 float progressOf() {
   return clamp(u_scale * 1.25 - a_wave.x * 0.25, 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -2427,6 +2447,16 @@ float elevationOf(float own, float top, float p) {
   return max(0.0, own - (1.0 - eased) * top);
 }
 
+// Buildings sink into the ground over the last stretch of the city's reach, so it ends without an
+// edge of cut-off blocks. Only its far side does: where the tile limit holds the ring short, the
+// buildings round the camera, nearer than its centre, keep standing.
+float reachOf(vec2 position) {
+  if (u_ring.w <= 0.0) return 1.0;
+  vec2 from = position - u_ring.xy;
+  float far = smoothstep(0.0, u_ring.w - u_ring.z, dot(from, u_ring_ahead));
+  return 1.0 - smoothstep(u_ring.z, u_ring.w, length(from)) * far;
+}
+
 vec3 localOf(vec2 position, float elevation) {
   return vec3((position + u_offset) * u_metres * vec2(1.0, -1.0), elevation);
 }
@@ -2470,7 +2500,7 @@ void main() {
     gl_Position = vec4(2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0);
     return;
   }
-  float elevation = elevationOf(a_flags.x > 0.5 ? top : base, top, p);
+  float elevation = elevationOf(a_flags.x > 0.5 ? top : base, top, p) * reachOf(a_pos);
   gl_Position = u_light_matrix * vec4(localOf(a_pos, elevation), 1.0);
 }`;
 var tileflowBuildingDepthFragment = `#version 300 es
@@ -2499,6 +2529,7 @@ out vec3 v_shadow;
 flat out vec3 v_wall; // where the wall starts along its ring, its tight corners, its length
 out vec3 v_edge; // a roof triangle's corner weights; on a wall, from 0 at its start to 1 at its end
 flat out float v_outline; // a roof triangle's sides on the outline; a wall's ends on the tile's edge
+${tileflowHazeVertex}
 
 vec3 paletteColour(float theme) {
   float row = theme * u_palette_rows.x + floor(a_feature / u_palette_rows.y);
@@ -2515,8 +2546,9 @@ void main() {
     gl_Position = vec4(2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0);
     return;
   }
-  float elevation = elevationOf(own, top, p);
+  float elevation = elevationOf(own, top, p) * reachOf(a_pos);
   gl_Position = projectTileFor3D(a_pos, elevation);
+  v_haze_depth = gl_Position.w;
   float wall = a_flags.y;
   // A wall faces out level; a roof faces up, tilted by its slope.
   vec3 normal = wall > 0.5 ? vec3(a_normal.x, -a_normal.y, 0.0)
@@ -2573,6 +2605,7 @@ uniform vec3 u_edge_colour; // the application's colour for them
 uniform float u_edge_own; // how much of them takes the application's colour, from 0 to 1
 ${nightLight}
 ${tileflowShadowLookup}
+${tileflowHazeFragment}
 out vec4 fragColor;
 
 float hash(vec2 p) {
@@ -2736,7 +2769,7 @@ void main() {
       colour = mix(colour, shopOf(v_building.w, seed) * u_flood + colour * 0.15, across * rows * 0.6 * min(u_flood, 1.0));
     }
   }
-  fragColor = vec4(colour, 1.0);
+  fragColor = vec4(hazed(colour), 1.0);
 }`;
 var tileflowBuildingGroundVertex = (projected) => `#version 300 es
 ${projected}
@@ -2745,8 +2778,10 @@ uniform mat4 u_light_matrix;
 uniform vec2 u_offset;
 uniform float u_metres;
 out vec3 v_shadow;
+${tileflowHazeVertex}
 void main() {
   gl_Position = projectTileFor3D(a_pos, 0.0);
+  v_haze_depth = gl_Position.w;
   vec4 shadow = u_light_matrix * vec4((a_pos + u_offset) * u_metres * vec2(1.0, -1.0), 0.0, 1.0);
   v_shadow = shadow.xyz * 0.5 + 0.5;
 }`;
@@ -2755,9 +2790,11 @@ precision highp float;
 in vec3 v_shadow;
 uniform vec3 u_ground_shadow;
 ${tileflowShadowLookup}
+${tileflowHazeFragment}
 out vec4 fragColor;
 void main() {
-  float shaded = u_shadow * (1.0 - visibility(v_shadow, 0.15));
+  // Far shadows fade into the haze the flat map has already taken.
+  float shaded = u_shadow * (1.0 - visibility(v_shadow, 0.15)) * (1.0 - hazeOf());
   fragColor = vec4(mix(vec3(1.0), u_ground_shadow, shaded), 1.0);
 }`;
 var tileflowBuildingBandVertex = (projected) => `#version 300 es
@@ -2770,6 +2807,7 @@ out float v_out;
 out float v_strength;
 out vec3 v_flood;
 out vec3 v_shop;
+${tileflowHazeVertex}
 void main() {
   float base = a_height.x * 0.1;
   float top = a_height.y * 0.1;
@@ -2783,6 +2821,7 @@ void main() {
     return;
   }
   gl_Position = projectTileFor3D(a_pos + a_normal * (u_band / u_metres) * a_flags.x, 0.0);
+  v_haze_depth = gl_Position.w;
   v_out = a_flags.x;
   v_strength = p;
 }`;
@@ -2793,11 +2832,13 @@ in float v_strength;
 in vec3 v_flood;
 in vec3 v_shop;
 uniform float u_flood;
+${tileflowHazeFragment}
 out vec4 fragColor;
 void main() {
   float near = 1.0 - v_out;
   float close = near * near * near * near * near * near;
-  fragColor = vec4((v_flood * 0.35 * near * near + v_shop * 0.12 * close) * u_flood * v_strength, 0.0);
+  fragColor = vec4((v_flood * 0.35 * near * near + v_shop * 0.12 * close) * u_flood * v_strength *
+    (1.0 - hazeOf()), 0.0);
 }`;
 var buildingArchitecturalFloodVertex = (projected) => `#version 300 es
 ${projected}
@@ -2828,10 +2869,11 @@ var buildingArchitecturalFloodComposite = `#version 300 es
 precision highp float;
 uniform sampler2D u_mask;
 uniform vec3 u_colour;
+${tileflowHazeFragment}
 out vec4 fragColor;
 void main() {
   float light = 1.0 - texelFetch(u_mask, ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy), 0).r;
-  fragColor = vec4(u_colour, light);
+  fragColor = vec4(u_colour, light * (1.0 - hazeOf()));
 }`;
 
 // src/buildings-3d-view.ts
@@ -2877,6 +2919,10 @@ function buildingCornerDetail(zoom, latitude = 40.42, radius = 0.8, pitch = 0, p
   if (previous === 2 && pixels >= 2.7) return 2;
   return pixels < 0.6 ? 0 : pixels < 3 ? 1 : 2;
 }
+function buildingBoxDepth(matrix, bounds) {
+  const depth = Math.min(matrix[3] * bounds[0], matrix[3] * bounds[3]) + Math.min(matrix[7] * bounds[1], matrix[7] * bounds[4]) + Math.min(matrix[11] * bounds[2], matrix[11] * bounds[5]) + matrix[15];
+  return Number.isFinite(depth) ? depth : -Infinity;
+}
 
 // src/buildings-3d-tile.ts
 function prepareBuildingTile(mesh) {
@@ -4024,7 +4070,7 @@ function browserWorker() {
   if (typeof Worker === "undefined" || false)
     return;
   const url = URL.createObjectURL(
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Set(["abies","araucaria","cedrus","cryptomeria","juniperus","larix","metasequoia","picea","pinus","pseudotsuga","sequoia","sequoiadendron","taxodium","taxus","tsuga"]),at=Object.freeze({...Object.fromEntries(["acacia","albizia","arbutus","bursera","ceratonia","delonix","ficus","gleditsia","jacaranda","olea","quercus","robinia","schinus","sophora","styphnolobium","tamarix"].map(e=>[e,"open"])),...Object.fromEntries(["betula","celtis","fraxinus","ginkgo","liquidambar","liriodendron","magnolia","platanus","populus","pyrus","ulmus","zelkova"].map(e=>[e,"tall"])),...Object.fromEntries(["acer","aesculus","carpinus","castanea","catalpa","cercis","citrus","fagus","lagerstroemia","malus","melia","morus","prunus","sorbus","tilia"].map(e=>[e,"round"]))});function lt(e,n={}){let t={...ut,...n},i=String(e[t.leafType]??"").toLowerCase(),o=String(e[t.taxon]??"").toLowerCase(),r=An(e[t.genus])??An(e[t.species])??(o.endsWith("aceae")?void 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s)r.layers.set(u,l[u])}let a=r.layers;return l=>l===void 0?void 0:a.get(l)}}}var On=globalThis,Pr=pt();On.onmessage=({data:{url:e,bytes:n,task:t}})=>{try{let i=mt(t,Pr.read(e,n,dt(t)));On.postMessage({result:i},ht(t.kind,i))}catch(i){On.postMessage({error:String(i)})}};})();\n'], { type: "text/javascript" })
   );
   try {
     return new Worker(url, { name: "tileflow-tiles" });
@@ -5392,6 +5438,7 @@ function createCameraTiles(options) {
   const queue = [];
   let wanted = [];
   let covered = [];
+  let ring;
   let reader;
   let zoom = options.zoom;
   let origin = [0, 0];
@@ -5420,30 +5467,14 @@ function createCameraTiles(options) {
     if (currentZoom < options.minzoom - 1 || !options.active()) return;
     const source = ensureReader();
     const centre = map.getCenter();
-    const pitch = map.getPitch();
-    const reach = Math.min(5e3, Math.max(800, 1600 * 2 ** (16 - currentZoom) * (1 + pitch / 60)));
-    const bearing = map.getBearing() * Math.PI / 180;
-    const ahead = reach * 0.35 * Math.min(1, pitch / 60);
-    const latitude = centre.lat + Math.cos(bearing) * ahead / 111320;
-    const longitude = centre.lng + Math.sin(bearing) * ahead / (111320 * Math.cos(centre.lat * Math.PI / 180));
-    const [cx, cy] = cameraTileAt(longitude, latitude, zoom);
-    const tileMetres = earth * Math.cos(latitude * Math.PI / 180) / 2 ** zoom;
-    const span = Math.ceil(reach / tileMetres);
-    const candidates = [];
-    for (let dx = -span; dx <= span; dx += 1)
-      for (let dy = -span; dy <= span; dy += 1) {
-        const x3 = Math.floor(cx) + dx;
-        const y2 = Math.floor(cy) + dy;
-        const distance = Math.hypot(
-          Math.max(x3, Math.min(cx, x3 + 1)) - cx,
-          Math.max(y2, Math.min(cy, y2 + 1)) - cy
-        );
-        if (distance * tileMetres <= reach) candidates.push({ x: x3, y: y2, distance });
-      }
-    candidates.sort((a, b2) => a.distance - b2.distance);
-    const chosen = candidates.slice(0, options.maxTiles);
-    wanted = chosen.map(({ x: x3, y: y2 }) => `${x3}/${y2}`);
-    covered = chosen.map(({ x: x3, y: y2 }) => ({ x: x3, y: y2 }));
+    const chosen = cameraTileRing(
+      { ...centre, zoom: currentZoom, pitch: map.getPitch(), bearing: map.getBearing() },
+      zoom,
+      options.maxTiles
+    );
+    ring = chosen;
+    wanted = chosen.tiles.map(({ x: x3, y: y2 }) => `${x3}/${y2}`);
+    covered = chosen.tiles.map(({ x: x3, y: y2 }) => ({ x: x3, y: y2 }));
     origin = cameraTileAt(centre.lng, centre.lat, zoom);
     metres = earth * Math.cos(centre.lat * Math.PI / 180) / 2 ** zoom / extent3;
     if (!source) {
@@ -5451,7 +5482,7 @@ function createCameraTiles(options) {
       return;
     }
     const now = performance.now();
-    for (const { x: x3, y: y2, distance } of chosen) {
+    for (const { x: x3, y: y2, distance } of chosen.tiles) {
       const key = `${x3}/${y2}`;
       let entry = tiles.get(key);
       if (!entry) {
@@ -5461,7 +5492,7 @@ function createCameraTiles(options) {
       entry.used = now;
       entry.distance = distance;
       if ((!entry.value || entry.retryAt !== void 0) && !entry.loading && (entry.retryAt ?? 0) <= now)
-        load(source, key, entry, tileMetres);
+        load(source, key, entry, chosen.tileMetres);
     }
     evict();
     map.triggerRepaint();
@@ -5581,6 +5612,7 @@ function createCameraTiles(options) {
       return list;
     },
     coverage: () => covered,
+    ring: () => ring,
     all: () => tiles.values(),
     get zoom() {
       return zoom;
@@ -5676,6 +5708,34 @@ function cameraFrame(callback) {
   if (typeof requestAnimationFrame === "function") requestAnimationFrame(callback);
   else setTimeout(callback, 16);
 }
+function cameraTileRing(camera, tileZoom, maxTiles) {
+  const reach = Math.min(
+    5e3,
+    Math.max(800, 1600 * 2 ** (16 - camera.zoom) * (1 + camera.pitch / 60))
+  );
+  const bearing = camera.bearing * Math.PI / 180;
+  const ahead = reach * 0.35 * Math.min(1, camera.pitch / 60);
+  const latitude = camera.lat + Math.cos(bearing) * ahead / 111320;
+  const longitude = camera.lng + Math.sin(bearing) * ahead / (111320 * Math.cos(camera.lat * Math.PI / 180));
+  const [cx, cy] = cameraTileAt(longitude, latitude, tileZoom);
+  const tileMetres = earth * Math.cos(latitude * Math.PI / 180) / 2 ** tileZoom;
+  const span = Math.ceil(reach / tileMetres);
+  const candidates = [];
+  for (let dx = -span; dx <= span; dx += 1)
+    for (let dy = -span; dy <= span; dy += 1) {
+      const x3 = Math.floor(cx) + dx;
+      const y2 = Math.floor(cy) + dy;
+      const distance = Math.hypot(
+        Math.max(x3, Math.min(cx, x3 + 1)) - cx,
+        Math.max(y2, Math.min(cy, y2 + 1)) - cy
+      );
+      if (distance * tileMetres <= reach) candidates.push({ x: x3, y: y2, distance });
+    }
+  candidates.sort((a, b2) => a.distance - b2.distance);
+  const tiles = candidates.slice(0, maxTiles);
+  const radius = Math.min(reach / tileMetres, candidates[tiles.length]?.distance ?? Infinity);
+  return { tiles, centre: [cx, cy], radius, tileMetres };
+}
 function cameraTileAt(longitude, latitude, zoom) {
   const phi = Math.min(85.05, Math.max(-85.05, latitude)) * Math.PI / 180;
   return [
@@ -6451,6 +6511,7 @@ uniform vec2 u_anchor;
 uniform float u_model_metres;
 uniform float u_scale;
 out vec4 v_light_coordinates;
+${tileflowHazeVertex}
 void main() {
   const int indices[12] = int[12](0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 5, 9, 7);
   int index = indices[gl_VertexID];
@@ -6460,6 +6521,7 @@ void main() {
   float growth = clamp(u_scale, 0.0, 1.0);
   gl_Position = projectTileFor3D(u_anchor + turned * vec2(1.0, -1.0) / u_model_metres,
     position.z * growth * growth * (3.0 - 2.0 * growth));
+  v_haze_depth = gl_Position.w;
   v_light_coordinates = u_emitter_coordinates[index];
 }`;
 var modelEmitterFragment = `#version 300 es
@@ -6468,6 +6530,7 @@ in vec4 v_light_coordinates;
 uniform vec3 u_emitter_colour;
 uniform float u_emitter_strength;
 uniform float u_opacity;
+${tileflowHazeFragment}
 out vec4 fragColor;
 void main() {
   if (u_emitter_strength <= 0.0) discard;
@@ -6476,7 +6539,7 @@ void main() {
   float distance = length(vec2(across, light.y)) +
     0.5 * (1.0 - clamp(u_emitter_strength - 1.0, 0.0, 1.0));
   float alpha = clamp((1.0 - distance * distance) * light.w, 0.0, 1.0);
-  fragColor = vec4(u_emitter_colour, alpha * min(1.0, u_emitter_strength) * u_opacity);
+  fragColor = vec4(hazed(u_emitter_colour), alpha * min(1.0, u_emitter_strength) * u_opacity);
 }`;
 
 // src/models-3d-material-shaders.ts
@@ -6702,12 +6765,14 @@ out vec4 v_uv;
 out vec4 v_rgba;
 out vec3 v_position;
 flat out int v_part;
+${tileflowHazeVertex}
 
 void main() {
   vec3 m = turned(metresOf());
   vec2 tile = tileOf(m);
   float z = grown(m.z);
   gl_Position = projectTileFor3D(tile, z);
+  v_haze_depth = gl_Position.w;
   vec3 normal = normalize(turned(upright(a_normal)) + vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1e-5));
   float facing = clamp(dot(normal, u_shadow_dir), 0.0, 1.0);
   vec4 shadow = u_light_matrix * vec4(sceneOf(tile, z) + normal * u_normal_offset * mix(1.0, 0.5, facing), 1.0);
@@ -6745,6 +6810,7 @@ uniform float u_role_emission_power[7];
 uniform float u_opacity;
 out vec4 fragColor;
 ${tileflowShadowLookup}
+${tileflowHazeFragment}
 ${modelMaterialSampling}
 ${modelPhysicalLighting}
 
@@ -6778,7 +6844,7 @@ void main() {
     radiance += u_emissive * fromSRGB(materialTexture(4).rgb);
     vec4 own = u_role_emission_colour[role];
     radiance = mix(radiance, mix(base, fromSRGB(own.rgb), own.a), emission);
-    fragColor = vec4(toSRGB(radiance), alpha * u_opacity);
+    fragColor = vec4(hazed(toSRGB(radiance)), alpha * u_opacity);
     return;
   }
   vec3 colour = v_colour * shade(normal, lit);
@@ -6788,7 +6854,7 @@ void main() {
     colour = pow(mix(pow(max(colour, vec3(0.0)), vec3(2.2)),
       pow(max(target, vec3(0.0)), vec3(2.2)), emission), vec3(1.0 / 2.2));
   }
-  fragColor = vec4(colour, 1.0);
+  fragColor = vec4(hazed(colour), 1.0);
 }`;
 
 // src/models-3d-materials-browser.ts
@@ -7588,6 +7654,10 @@ function tileflowSceneLight(sun, shadows = true) {
   };
 }
 var sceneRegistry = /* @__PURE__ */ Symbol.for("tileflow.scene-3d");
+function tileflowSceneReach(map) {
+  const global = globalThis;
+  return global[sceneRegistry]?.get(map)?.reach();
+}
 function tileflowScene3D(map) {
   const global = globalThis;
   const scenes = global[sceneRegistry] ??= /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
@@ -7604,6 +7674,7 @@ function createScene(map) {
   let key;
   let frame;
   let fitted;
+  let reach;
   function ensureTarget(context) {
     if (target && target.context === context) return target;
     const size = Math.min(4096, context.getParameter(context.MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE));
@@ -7739,6 +7810,10 @@ function createScene(map) {
     }
   }
   return {
+    reach: () => reach,
+    setReach(next) {
+      reach = next;
+    },
     register(caster) {
       casters.add(caster);
       key = void 0;
@@ -8064,6 +8139,123 @@ function isColour(value) {
   return typeof value === "string" && tileflowColourChannels(value) !== null;
 }
 
+// src/sky-haze.ts
+var tileflowSkyHazePitch = [45, 60];
+var tileflowSkyHazeStart = 1;
+var horizonShare = 0.85;
+var horizonLimit = 89.25;
+var radians = (degrees2) => degrees2 * Math.PI / 180;
+var smoothstep2 = (from, to, value) => {
+  const t = Math.min(1, Math.max(0, (value - from) / (to - from)));
+  return t * t * (3 - 2 * t);
+};
+function tileflowSkyHorizon(pitch) {
+  return Math.min(
+    Math.tan(radians(90 - pitch)) * horizonShare,
+    Math.tan(radians(horizonLimit - pitch))
+  );
+}
+function tileflowSkyGroundDepth(pitch, rise) {
+  const cos = Math.cos(radians(pitch));
+  const below = cos - Math.sin(radians(pitch)) * rise;
+  return below > 0 ? cos / below : Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+}
+var tileflowSkyHazeReachFloor = 3;
+var nineTenths = 0.8042;
+function tileflowSkyReachDepth(view, reach) {
+  const sin = Math.sin(radians(view.pitch));
+  const cos = Math.cos(radians(view.pitch));
+  const back = -sin;
+  const across = Math.atan(view.aspect * Math.tan(view.fov / 2));
+  let nearest;
+  for (let step = -4; step <= 4; step += 1) {
+    const angle = across * step / 4;
+    const [x3, y2] = [Math.sin(angle), Math.cos(angle)];
+    const [dx, dy] = [-reach.across, back - reach.ahead];
+    const b2 = x3 * dx + y2 * dy;
+    const c = dx * dx + dy * dy - reach.radius * reach.radius;
+    const disc = b2 * b2 - c;
+    if (disc < 0) continue;
+    const along = -b2 + Math.sqrt(disc);
+    if (along <= 0) continue;
+    const depth = along * y2 * sin + cos * cos;
+    nearest = nearest === void 0 ? depth : Math.min(nearest, depth);
+  }
+  return nearest;
+}
+function tileflowSkyHaze(view) {
+  if (typeof view.horizonColor !== "string") return void 0;
+  const channels = tileflowColourChannels(view.horizonColor);
+  if (!channels || channels[3] < 1) return void 0;
+  const strength = smoothstep2(tileflowSkyHazePitch[0], tileflowSkyHazePitch[1], view.pitch) * (1 - Math.min(1, Math.max(0, view.globe ?? 0)));
+  if (!(strength > 0) || !(view.fov > 0) || !(view.height > 0)) return void 0;
+  const horizon = tileflowSkyHorizon(view.pitch);
+  const ground = tileflowSkyGroundDepth(view.pitch, horizon);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ground) || ground <= tileflowSkyHazeStart) return void 0;
+  const edge = view.reach && view.aspect ? tileflowSkyReachDepth({ ...view, aspect: view.aspect }, view.reach) : void 0;
+  const fitted = edge === void 0 ? Infinity : tileflowSkyHazeStart + (Math.max(tileflowSkyHazeReachFloor, edge) - tileflowSkyHazeStart) / nineTenths;
+  const end = Math.min(ground, fitted);
+  return {
+    colour: [channels[0], channels[1], channels[2]],
+    strength,
+    distance: view.height / 2 / Math.tan(view.fov / 2),
+    start: tileflowSkyHazeStart,
+    end,
+    horizon
+  };
+}
+
+// src/sky-haze-browser.ts
+function tileflowSkyHazeOf(map, args, context) {
+  const sky = map.getSky?.();
+  if (!sky) return void 0;
+  const pixelRatio2 = globalThis.devicePixelRatio || 1;
+  const height = map.getCanvas?.().clientHeight || (context ? context.drawingBufferHeight / pixelRatio2 : 0);
+  const fov = fovOf(map, args);
+  const aspect = context ? context.drawingBufferWidth / context.drawingBufferHeight : void 0;
+  const reach = reachOf(map, height / 2 / Math.tan(fov / 2));
+  return tileflowSkyHaze({
+    horizonColor: sky["horizon-color"],
+    pitch: map.getPitch(),
+    fov,
+    height,
+    globe: args?.defaultProjectionData?.projectionTransition ?? 0,
+    ...reach && aspect ? { reach, aspect } : {}
+  });
+}
+function reachOf(map, distance) {
+  const reach = tileflowSceneReach(map);
+  const centre = map.getCenter?.();
+  const zoom = map.getZoom?.();
+  if (!reach || !centre || zoom === void 0 || !(distance > 0)) return void 0;
+  const cos = Math.cos(centre.lat * Math.PI / 180);
+  const metres = distance * 40075016686e-3 * cos / (512 * 2 ** zoom);
+  const east = (reach.lng - centre.lng) * 111320 * cos;
+  const north = (reach.lat - centre.lat) * 111320;
+  const bearing = (map.getBearing?.() ?? 0) * Math.PI / 180;
+  return {
+    ahead: (east * Math.sin(bearing) + north * Math.cos(bearing)) / metres,
+    across: (east * Math.cos(bearing) - north * Math.sin(bearing)) / metres,
+    radius: reach.radius / metres
+  };
+}
+function fovOf(map, args) {
+  return args?.fov ?? (map.getVerticalFieldOfView?.() ?? 36.87) * Math.PI / 180;
+}
+function bindTileflowSkyHaze(context, uniforms, haze) {
+  if (!haze) {
+    context.uniform3f(uniforms.u_haze ?? null, 0, 0, 1);
+    return;
+  }
+  context.uniform3fv(uniforms.u_haze_colour ?? null, haze.colour);
+  context.uniform3f(
+    uniforms.u_haze ?? null,
+    haze.strength,
+    haze.start * haze.distance,
+    haze.end * haze.distance
+  );
+}
+
 // src/buildings-3d-browser.ts
 var tileflowBuildings3DLayerId = "tileflow-buildings-3d";
 var preferredZoom = 15;
@@ -8104,6 +8296,8 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
   const floodMask = createBuildingContactMask();
   let masks = {};
   let disposed = false;
+  let hazeDepth = Infinity;
+  let ahead = [0, -1];
   const scene = tileflowScene3D(map);
   let generation = 0;
   let registered = false;
@@ -8156,6 +8350,7 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
       for (const entry of linking ?? []) context.deleteProgram(entry.program);
       unregister();
       registered = false;
+      scene.setReach(void 0);
       scene.release(context);
       if (ground) {
         context.deleteVertexArray(ground.vao);
@@ -8172,6 +8367,7 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
     },
     prerender(context, args) {
       if (!isWebGL2(context)) return;
+      ahead = aheadNow();
       ensureCamera();
       if (target > 0 || scale > 0)
         models.update(
@@ -8205,6 +8401,7 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
         return;
       }
       if (target > 0 || scale > 0) upload(context);
+      scene.setReach(visibleScale() > 0 ? reachNow() : void 0);
       if (visibleScale() <= 0 && modelScale() <= 0) return;
       draw(context, args);
     }
@@ -8547,6 +8744,8 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
       context.uniformMatrix4fv(program.uniforms.u_light_matrix, false, frame.light.matrix);
       for (const { x: x3, y: y2, value } of shown > 0 ? drawn() : []) {
         const offset = frame.offsetOf({ x: x3, y: y2 }, camera.zoom);
+        const ring = ringIn(x3, y2);
+        if (!insideRing(ring, 0, 0, tileflowBuildingExtent, tileflowBuildingExtent)) continue;
         if (!buildingBoxVisible(frame.light.matrix, [
           (offset[0] - 1) * frame.metres,
           -(offset[1] + tileflowBuildingExtent + 1) * frame.metres,
@@ -8558,7 +8757,7 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
           continue;
         const ranges = buildingDrawRanges(
           value.mesh,
-          ({ bounds: [left, top, right, bottom, height] }) => buildingBoxVisible(frame.light.matrix, [
+          ({ bounds: [left, top, right, bottom, height] }) => insideRing(ring, left, top, right, bottom) && buildingBoxVisible(frame.light.matrix, [
             (left + offset[0]) * frame.metres,
             -(bottom + offset[1]) * frame.metres,
             0,
@@ -8569,6 +8768,8 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
         );
         if (!ranges.length) continue;
         context.uniform2f(program.uniforms.u_offset, ...offset);
+        context.uniform4f(program.uniforms.u_ring ?? null, ...ring);
+        context.uniform2f(program.uniforms.u_ring_ahead ?? null, ...ahead);
         const buffers = value.gl;
         context.bindVertexArray(buffers.vao);
         for (const range of ranges)
@@ -8794,31 +8995,57 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
     context.uniform1f(uniforms.u_projection_transition, data.projectionTransition);
     context.uniformMatrix4fv(uniforms.u_projection_fallback_matrix, false, data.fallbackMatrix);
   }
+  function reachNow() {
+    const ring = camera.ring();
+    if (!ring) return void 0;
+    const n = 2 ** camera.zoom;
+    return {
+      lng: ring.centre[0] / n * 360 - 180,
+      lat: Math.atan(Math.sinh(Math.PI * (1 - 2 * ring.centre[1] / n))) * 180 / Math.PI,
+      radius: ring.radius * ring.tileMetres
+    };
+  }
+  function ringIn(x3, y2) {
+    const ring = camera.ring();
+    if (!ring) return [0, 0, 0, 0];
+    const extent4 = tileflowBuildingExtent;
+    const cx = (ring.centre[0] - x3) * extent4;
+    const cy = (ring.centre[1] - y2) * extent4;
+    const inner = ring.radius * extent4 * 0.8;
+    const dx = Math.max(Math.abs(cx), Math.abs(extent4 - cx));
+    const dy = Math.max(Math.abs(cy), Math.abs(extent4 - cy));
+    if (dx * dx + dy * dy <= inner * inner) return [0, 0, 0, 0];
+    return [cx, cy, inner, ring.radius * extent4];
+  }
+  function aheadNow() {
+    const bearing = map.getBearing() * Math.PI / 180;
+    return [Math.sin(bearing), -Math.cos(bearing)];
+  }
+  function insideRing(ring, left, top, right, bottom) {
+    const radius = ring[3];
+    if (!(radius > 0)) return true;
+    const cx = ring[0];
+    const cy = ring[1];
+    const dx = Math.max(left - cx, 0, cx - right);
+    const dy = Math.max(top - cy, 0, cy - bottom);
+    if (dx * dx + dy * dy < radius * radius) return true;
+    const along = Math.min(ahead[0] * (left - cx), ahead[0] * (right - cx)) + Math.min(ahead[1] * (top - cy), ahead[1] * (bottom - cy));
+    return along < radius - ring[2];
+  }
   function viewRanges(args, tile, margin = 0, wallsOnly = false) {
     const data = args.getProjectionData({
       tileID: { canonical: { x: tile.x, y: tile.y, z: camera.zoom }, wrap: 0 }
     });
     const mercator = args.shaderData.variantName === "mercator";
     const reach = margin / camera.metres + 1;
-    if (mercator && !buildingBoxVisible(data.mainMatrix, [
-      -reach,
-      -reach,
-      0,
-      tileflowBuildingExtent + reach,
-      tileflowBuildingExtent + reach,
-      tile.value.mesh.top + 0.1
-    ]))
-      return [];
+    const ring = ringIn(tile.x, tile.y);
+    const hazed = mercator && hazeDepth < Infinity;
+    const shows = (box) => (!mercator || buildingBoxVisible(data.mainMatrix, box)) && insideRing(ring, box[0], box[1], box[3], box[4]) && (!hazed || buildingBoxDepth(data.mainMatrix, box) < hazeDepth);
+    const extent4 = tileflowBuildingExtent + reach;
+    if (!shows([-reach, -reach, 0, extent4, extent4, tile.value.mesh.top + 0.1])) return [];
     return buildingDrawRanges(
       tile.value.mesh,
-      ({ bounds: [left, top, right, bottom, height] }) => !mercator || buildingBoxVisible(data.mainMatrix, [
-        left - reach,
-        top - reach,
-        0,
-        right + reach,
-        bottom + reach,
-        height
-      ]),
+      ({ bounds: [left, top, right, bottom, height] }) => shows([left - reach, top - reach, 0, right + reach, bottom + reach, height]),
       wallsOnly
     );
   }
@@ -8907,6 +9134,8 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
     } else floodMask.release(context);
   }
   function draw(context, args) {
+    const haze = tileflowSkyHazeOf(map, args, context);
+    hazeDepth = haze && haze.strength >= 0.999 ? haze.end * haze.distance : Infinity;
     const shown = visibleScale();
     const modelsShown = modelScale();
     const entries = shown > 0 ? drawn() : [];
@@ -8929,6 +9158,7 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
       const buildings = programs.buildings;
       const u = buildings.uniforms;
       context.useProgram(buildings.program);
+      bindTileflowSkyHaze(context, buildings.uniforms, haze);
       context.uniform1f(u.u_scale, shown);
       context.uniform1f(u.u_metres, placed2(0, 0).metres);
       context.uniform3fv(u.u_colour, themeColour());
@@ -8983,6 +9213,8 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
         if (!ranges.length) continue;
         project(context, buildings, args, x3, y2);
         context.uniform2f(u.u_offset, ...placed2(x3, y2).offset);
+        context.uniform4f(u.u_ring ?? null, ...ringIn(x3, y2));
+        context.uniform2f(u.u_ring_ahead ?? null, ...ahead);
         const palette = themes ? paletteOf(context, entry, themes.themes) : void 0;
         context.uniform1f(u.u_palette_on, palette ? 1 : 0);
         context.activeTexture(context.TEXTURE1);
@@ -9045,6 +9277,7 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
       if (model && list.length > 0) {
         const m = model.uniforms;
         context.useProgram(model.program);
+        bindTileflowSkyHaze(context, model.uniforms, haze);
         context.disable(context.CULL_FACE);
         context.uniform1f(m.u_scale, modelsShown);
         context.uniform3fv(m.u_sun_dir, [...light.direction]);
@@ -9090,6 +9323,7 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
     if (light.strength > 0 && frame && frame.zoom === camera.zoom && ground && scene.drawsGround(caster)) {
       const program = programs.ground;
       context.useProgram(program.program);
+      bindTileflowSkyHaze(context, program.uniforms, haze);
       context.uniform1f(program.uniforms.u_metres, frame.metres);
       context.uniform3fv(program.uniforms.u_ground_shadow, light.groundShadow);
       scene.bindShadow(context, program.uniforms, light.strength);
@@ -9115,6 +9349,7 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
     if (masks.contact && entries.length > 0 && ground) {
       const composite = programs.contactComposite;
       context.useProgram(composite.program);
+      bindTileflowSkyHaze(context, composite.uniforms, haze);
       context.activeTexture(context.TEXTURE2);
       context.bindTexture(context.TEXTURE_2D, masks.contact);
       context.uniform1i(composite.uniforms.u_contact, 2);
@@ -9132,6 +9367,7 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
     if (nightLight2 > 0 && light.night > 0.01) {
       const program = programs.flood;
       context.useProgram(program.program);
+      bindTileflowSkyHaze(context, program.uniforms, haze);
       context.blendFuncSeparate(context.ONE, context.ONE, context.ZERO, context.ONE);
       context.uniform1f(program.uniforms.u_scale, shown);
       context.uniform1f(program.uniforms.u_metres, camera.metres);
@@ -9143,6 +9379,7 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
     if (masks.flood && entries.length > 0 && ground) {
       const composite = programs.architecturalFloodComposite;
       context.useProgram(composite.program);
+      bindTileflowSkyHaze(context, composite.uniforms, haze);
       context.activeTexture(context.TEXTURE2);
       context.bindTexture(context.TEXTURE_2D, masks.flood);
       context.uniform1i(composite.uniforms.u_mask, 2);
@@ -9167,6 +9404,7 @@ function createTileflowBuildings3D(options) {
     if (emitterProgram) {
       const u = emitterProgram.uniforms;
       context.useProgram(emitterProgram.program);
+      bindTileflowSkyHaze(context, emitterProgram.uniforms, haze);
       context.disable(context.CULL_FACE);
       context.blendFuncSeparate(
         context.SRC_ALPHA,
@@ -9455,6 +9693,7 @@ ${shaderData.define}`;
       map.off("styledata", onStyle);
       map.off("idle", attach);
       unregister();
+      scene.setReach(void 0);
       models.dispose();
       try {
         if (map.getLayer(tileflowBuildings3DLayerId)) map.removeLayer(tileflowBuildings3DLayerId);
@@ -10727,6 +10966,7 @@ out vec3 v_shadow;
 out vec3 v_look; // part, lobe shade, occlusion
 out float v_shade; // the tree's shade among the theme's colours
 out float v_fade;
+${tileflowHazeVertex}
 void main() {
   float growth = growthOf();
   if (growth <= 0.0) {
@@ -10735,6 +10975,7 @@ void main() {
   }
   vec3 local = standing(growth);
   gl_Position = projectTileFor3D(a_tree_pos + local.xy / u_metres * vec2(1.0, -1.0), local.z);
+  v_haze_depth = gl_Position.w;
   vec3 normal = normalOf();
   float facing = clamp(dot(normal, u_shadow_dir), 0.0, 1.0);
   vec4 shadow = u_light_matrix *
@@ -10764,6 +11005,7 @@ uniform vec3 u_leaves[4]; // the form's colours, sunlit
 uniform float u_leaf_count;
 out vec4 fragColor;
 ${tileflowShadowLookup}
+${tileflowHazeFragment}
 
 ${treeDither}
 
@@ -10813,7 +11055,7 @@ void main() {
   // and scene illumination, so a grey tree in neutral light stays grey.
   float crownTop = bark ? 0.0 : smoothstep(0.1, 0.9, normal.z);
   colour = mix(colour, base * 0.95 + vec3(0.03), u_night * 0.45 * crownTop);
-  fragColor = vec4(colour, 1.0);
+  fragColor = vec4(hazed(colour), 1.0);
 }`;
 var tileflowTreeEdgeVertex = (projected) => `#version 300 es
 ${projected}
@@ -10824,6 +11066,7 @@ uniform vec2 u_viewport; // the drawing buffer's size, in pixels
 uniform float u_edge_width; // the outline's width, in the drawing buffer's pixels
 ${placement2}
 out float v_fade;
+${tileflowHazeVertex}
 void main() {
   float growth = growthOf();
   // Fronds are seen from both sides: they keep no outline.
@@ -10841,6 +11084,7 @@ void main() {
   vec2 push = length(screen) > 1e-6 ? normalize(screen) : vec2(0.0);
   at.xy += push * u_edge_width * 2.0 / u_viewport * at.w;
   gl_Position = at;
+  v_haze_depth = at.w;
   float distance = length((a_tree_pos - u_centre) * u_metres);
   v_fade = 1.0 - smoothstep(u_reach.x, u_reach.y, distance);
 }`;
@@ -10849,6 +11093,7 @@ precision highp float;
 in float v_fade;
 uniform float u_fade;
 uniform vec3 u_edge_colour;
+${tileflowHazeFragment}
 out vec4 fragColor;
 
 float dither(vec2 p) {
@@ -10860,7 +11105,7 @@ float dither(vec2 p) {
 
 void main() {
   if (v_fade * u_fade < dither(gl_FragCoord.xy)) discard;
-  fragColor = vec4(u_edge_colour, 1.0);
+  fragColor = vec4(hazed(u_edge_colour), 1.0);
 }`;
 
 // src/trees-3d-view.ts
@@ -11323,6 +11568,7 @@ function createTileflowTrees3D(options) {
     context.uniformMatrix4fv(uniforms.u_projection_fallback_matrix, false, data.fallbackMatrix);
   }
   function draw(context, args) {
+    const haze = tileflowSkyHazeOf(map, args, context);
     const entries = drawn();
     drawnLast = 0;
     if (entries.length === 0 || !meshes || !programs.trees) return;
@@ -11337,6 +11583,7 @@ function createTileflowTrees3D(options) {
     const program = programs.trees;
     const u = program.uniforms;
     context.useProgram(program.program);
+    bindTileflowSkyHaze(context, program.uniforms, haze);
     context.enable(context.DEPTH_TEST);
     context.depthFunc(context.LEQUAL);
     context.depthMask(true);
@@ -11404,6 +11651,7 @@ function createTileflowTrees3D(options) {
       const edgeProgram = programs.edges;
       const e = edgeProgram.uniforms;
       context.useProgram(edgeProgram.program);
+      bindTileflowSkyHaze(context, edgeProgram.uniforms, haze);
       context.enable(context.CULL_FACE);
       context.cullFace(context.FRONT);
       context.uniform1f(e.u_scale, visibleScale());
@@ -11444,6 +11692,7 @@ function createTileflowTrees3D(options) {
       context.enable(context.BLEND);
       context.blendFuncSeparate(context.DST_COLOR, context.ZERO, context.ZERO, context.ONE);
       context.useProgram(shadowProgram.program);
+      bindTileflowSkyHaze(context, shadowProgram.uniforms, haze);
       context.uniform1f(shadowProgram.uniforms.u_metres, frame.metres);
       context.uniform3fv(shadowProgram.uniforms.u_ground_shadow, light.groundShadow);
       scene.bindShadow(context, shadowProgram.uniforms, light.strength);