@thi.ng/column-store 0.1.0

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package/README.md

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+<!-- This file is generated - DO NOT EDIT! -->
+<!-- Please see: https://github.com/thi-ng/umbrella/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md#changes-to-readme-files -->
+# ![@thi.ng/column-store](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/thi-ng/umbrella/develop/assets/banners/thing-column-store.svg?ee7af11f)
+
+[![npm version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@thi.ng/column-store.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@thi.ng/column-store)
+![npm downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/@thi.ng/column-store.svg)
+[![Mastodon Follow](https://img.shields.io/mastodon/follow/109331703950160316?domain=https%3A%2F%2Fmastodon.thi.ng&style=social)](https://mastodon.thi.ng/@toxi)
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> This is one of 214 standalone projects, maintained as part
+> of the [@thi.ng/umbrella](https://github.com/thi-ng/umbrella/) monorepo
+> and anti-framework.
+>
+> 🚀 Please help me to work full-time on these projects by [sponsoring me on
+> GitHub](https://github.com/sponsors/postspectacular). Thank you! ❤️
+
+- [About](#about)
+- [Column storage](#column-storage)
+  - [Column types](#column-types)
+  - [Custom column types](#custom-column-types)
+  - [Cardinality](#cardinality)
+  - [Default values](#default-values)
+  - [Flags](#flags)
+    - [FLAG_BITMAP](#flag_bitmap)
+    - [FLAG_DICT](#flag_dict)
+    - [FLAG_UNIQUE](#flag_unique)
+    - [FLAG_RLE](#flag_rle)
+    - [Custom flags](#custom-flags)
+- [Query engine](#query-engine)
+  - [Built-in operators](#built-in-operators)
+    - [OR](#or)
+    - [AND](#and)
+    - [Negation](#negation)
+    - [Predicate-based matchers](#predicate-based-matchers)
+  - [Custom operators](#custom-operators)
+  - [Result aggregation](#result-aggregation)
+  - [Query ranges](#query-ranges)
+- [Status](#status)
+- [Installation](#installation)
+- [Dependencies](#dependencies)
+- [API](#api)
+  - [Basic usage](#basic-usage)
+- [Authors](#authors)
+- [License](#license)
+
+## About
+
+In-memory column store database with customizable column types, extensible query engine, bitfield indexing for query acceleration, JSON serialization with optional RLE compression.
+
+## Column storage
+
+### Column types
+
+The current built-in column types only support numeric or string values, though
+support for other JSON-serializable types is planned. For better memory
+utilization, numeric data can (and should) be stored in typed array columns.
+
+Some column types support storing multiple values per row as tuples. See
+[cardinality section](#cardinality) below for further detail.
+
+Note: Booleans and `BigInt`s are still unsupported, but being worked on...
+
+| **Column type** | **Description**     | **Tuples supported** | **RLE serialization** |
+|-----------------|---------------------|----------------------|-----------------------|
+| `num`           | JS numbers          | ✅                    | ✅ <sup>(1)</sup>       |
+| `str`           | JS strings (UTF-16) | ✅                    | ✅ <sup>(1)</sup>       |
+| `u8`            | 8bit unsigned int   | ❌                    | ✅                     |
+| `i8`            | 8bit signed int     | ❌                    | ✅                     |
+| `u16`           | 16bit unsigned int  | ❌                    | ✅                     |
+| `i16`           | 16bit signed int    | ❌                    | ✅                     |
+| `u32`           | 32bit unsigned int  | ❌                    | ✅                     |
+| `i32`           | 32bit signed int    | ❌                    | ✅                     |
+| `f32`           | 32bit float         | ❌                    | ❌                     |
+| `f64`           | 64bit float         | ❌                    | ❌                     |
+
+- <sup>(1)</sup> only if `FLAG_DICT` is enabled, [further information](#flag_rle)
+
+### Custom column types
+
+The system already supports custom column type implementations via the
+[`IColumn`](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/interfaces/IColumn.html)
+and
+[`ColumnTypeSpec`](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/interfaces/ColumnTypeSpec.html)
+interfaces.
+
+Custom column types and their implementations can be registered via
+[`registerColumnType()`](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/functions/registerColumnType.html).
+
+### Cardinality
+
+Columns can store zero, one or tuples of multiple values per row. Acceptable
+min/max ranges can be defined via the
+[`cardinality`](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/interfaces/ColumnSpec.html#cardinality)
+key of the column spec. The following presets are provided:
+
+| **Preset**  | **Value**        | **Description**                             |
+|-------------|------------------|---------------------------------------------|
+| `REQUIRED`  | `[1, 1]`         | Required single value (default)             |
+| `OPTIONAL`  | `[0, 1]`         | Optional single value (present or not)      |
+| `ONE_PLUS`  | `[1, (2**32)-1]` | One or more values (always expects tuples)  |
+| `ZERO_PLUS` | `[0, (2**32)-1]` | Zero or more values (always expects tuples) |
+
+### Default values
+
+Default values can be specified for columns with a minimum cardinality of 1 or
+more (aka required values). When a row is added or updated, any `null`ish values
+for such columns in the row record will then be replaced with their default
+values. If a column with required values has no configured default value, an
+error will be thrown when attempting to add/update an incomplete record.
+
+```ts
+// example column spec with default value
+{
+    type: "str",
+    cardinality: [1, 1],
+    default: "todo",
+}
+```
+
+**Note:** Typed array backed columns **do no** support optional values and
+therefore require either a cardinality of `[1,1]` or `[0,1]` with a default.
+
+### Flags
+
+Generally applicable to all column types, the following numeric flags can be
+assigned and combined (into bitmasks) to customize the storage & indexing
+behavior.
+
+#### FLAG_BITMAP
+
+(Value: 0x01)
+
+The column will construct & maintain additional bitfields for each unique value
+stored in the column. These bitfields record which values are stored in which
+rows and are utilized by the [query engine](#query-engine) to massively
+accelerate complex searches.
+
+#### FLAG_DICT
+
+(Value: 0x02)
+
+Dictionary encoded storage. Recommended for (non-numeric) data with a relatively
+small (though not necessarily fixed) set of possible values. Instead of storing
+values directly, only numeric IDs will be stored. The original (de-duplicated)
+values are stored in a dictionary alongside the column data.
+
+Note: Not supported by typedarray-backed column types.
+
+#### FLAG_UNIQUE
+
+(Value: 0x04)
+
+Only applicable for tuple-based columns to enforce Set-like semantics (per row),
+i.e. values of each tuple will be deduplicated (e.g. for tagging).
+
+Note: Not supported by typedarray-backed column types.
+
+#### FLAG_RLE
+
+(Value: 0x08)
+
+This flag enables bitwise [Run-length encoding](https://thi.ng/rle-pack) in the
+JSON serialization of a column, potentially leading to dramatic file size
+savings, esp. for dictionary-based data.
+
+Only applicable to these column types & configurations:
+
+- typedarray-based integer columns (see [table](#column-types))
+- dictionary-based single value columns (if the min. cardinality is zero, a
+  default value **must** be supplied)
+
+#### Custom flags
+
+The lower 16bit of the 32bit `flags` integer are reserved for built-ins and
+future extension of this package. However, the upper 16 bits can be freely used
+for custom flags, i.e. in conjunction with [custom column
+types](#custom-column-types).
+
+## Query engine
+
+The query engine is highly extensible and can be used for executing arbitrarily
+complex queries.
+
+The system allows predefining queries, which are then only evaluated and produce
+up-to-date results via the standard JS iterable mechanism (i.e. queries
+implement `[Symbol.iterator]`).
+
+```ts
+// predefine query
+const query = table.query().or("name", ["alice", "bob"]);
+
+// actually (re)execute query
+for(let result of query) { ... }
+
+// ..or using slice operator
+const results = [...query];
+```
+
+TODO see code examples below
+
+### Built-in operators
+
+The query engine works by applying a number of [query
+terms](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/interfaces/QueryTerm.html) in
+series, with each step intersecting its results with the results of the previous
+step(s), thereby narrowing down the result set.
+
+By default, individual query terms operate on a single column, but can also can
+also apply to multiple. Terms are supplied either as array given to the
+[`Query`](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/classes/Query.html)
+constructor, via the fluent API of the `Query` class and/or via
+[`.addTerm()`](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/classes/Query.html#addterm).
+
+#### OR
+
+Optionally optimized via [`FLAG_BITMAP`](#flag_bitmap) presence on column. One
+or more values can be provided.
+
+```ts
+query.or("column-name", "option");
+
+query.or("column-name", ["option1", "option2",...]);
+```
+
+#### AND
+
+Optionally optimized via [`FLAG_BITMAP`](#flag_bitmap) presence on column. One
+or more values can be provided.
+
+```ts
+query.and("column-name", "option");
+
+query.and("column-name", ["option1", "option2",...]);
+```
+
+#### Negation
+
+Optionally optimized via [`FLAG_BITMAP`](#flag_bitmap) presence on column.
+Negation is available via `nand` & `nor`. For negation of single values either
+can be used, otherwise the behavior is:
+
+- [`nand`](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/classes/Query.html#nand):
+  select rows same as [`and`](#and), then negate results
+- [`nor`](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/classes/Query.html#nor):
+  select rows same as [`or`](#or), then negate results
+
+#### Predicate-based matchers
+
+- [`matchColumn`](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/classes/Query.html#matchcolumn):
+  apply predicate to column value
+- [`matchRow`](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/classes/Query.html#matchrow):
+  apply predicate to full row
+- [`matchPartialRow`](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/classes/Query.html#matchpartialrow):
+  apply predicate to partial row (only selected columns)
+
+### Custom operators
+
+Custom query operators can be registered via
+[`registerQueryOp()`](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/functions/registerQueryOp.html).
+
+### Result aggregation
+
+TODO
+
+### Query ranges
+
+TODO
+
+## Status
+
+**ALPHA** - bleeding edge / work-in-progress
+
+[Search or submit any issues for this package](https://github.com/thi-ng/umbrella/issues?q=%5Bcolumn-store%5D+in%3Atitle)
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+yarn add @thi.ng/column-store
+```
+
+ESM import:
+
+```ts
+import * as cs from "@thi.ng/column-store";
+```
+
+Browser ESM import:
+
+```html
+<script type="module" src="https://esm.run/@thi.ng/column-store"></script>
+```
+
+[JSDelivr documentation](https://www.jsdelivr.com/)
+
+For Node.js REPL:
+
+```js
+const cs = await import("@thi.ng/column-store");
+```
+
+Package sizes (brotli'd, pre-treeshake): ESM: 4.11 KB
+
+## Dependencies
+
+- [@thi.ng/api](https://github.com/thi-ng/umbrella/tree/develop/packages/api)
+- [@thi.ng/bidir-index](https://github.com/thi-ng/umbrella/tree/develop/packages/bidir-index)
+- [@thi.ng/checks](https://github.com/thi-ng/umbrella/tree/develop/packages/checks)
+- [@thi.ng/errors](https://github.com/thi-ng/umbrella/tree/develop/packages/errors)
+- [@thi.ng/rle-pack](https://github.com/thi-ng/umbrella/tree/develop/packages/rle-pack)
+
+Note: @thi.ng/api is in _most_ cases a type-only import (not used at runtime)
+
+## API
+
+[Generated API docs](https://docs.thi.ng/umbrella/column-store/)
+
+### Basic usage
+
+```ts tangle:export/readme-1.ts
+import {
+    Table,
+    FLAG_BITMAP,
+    FLAG_DICT,
+    FLAG_UNIQUE,
+} from "@thi.ng/column-store";
+
+const table = new Table({
+    // ID column stores 8bit ints (typed array)
+    id: { type: "u8" },
+    // Type column stores indexed strings
+    type: { type: "str", flags: FLAG_DICT },
+    // Tags column stores array of strings (max. 10) with set-semantics
+    // and bitmap optimized for query acceleration
+    tags: {
+        type: "str",
+        // min/max number of values per row (default is: [1,1])
+        cardinality: [0, 10],
+        // flag to define column behavior (flags explained above)
+        flags: FLAG_DICT | FLAG_UNIQUE | FLAG_BITMAP,
+        // default value(s) assigned if missing when row is added
+        default: ["unsorted"],
+    },
+});
+
+// add data/rows
+table.addRows([
+    { id: 100, type: "img", tags: ["a", "a", "c", "b"] },
+    { id: 101, type: "video", tags: ["a", "d", "b"] },
+    { id: 102, type: "img" },
+    { id: 103, type: "video" },
+    { id: 104, type: "img", tags: ["b", "c", "d"] },
+]);
+
+// pre-define a query, here to select images which have an `unsorted` tag...
+// the fluent API shown is merely syntax sugar for creating/appending query terms.
+// queries can have an arbitrary number of terms (which are executed in series)
+const unsortedImages = table.query().where("type", "img").and("tags", "unsorted");
+
+// queries are iterables and only execute when the iterator is consumed
+console.log([...unsortedImages]);
+// [ { id: 102, type: "img", tags: [ "unsorted" ] } ]
+
+// select items with `a` OR `b` tags, intersect with those which have `c` AND `d` tags
+const complexTagQuery = table.query().or("tags", ["a", "b"]).and("tags", ["c", "d"]);
+console.log([...complexTagQuery]);
+// [ { id: 104, type: "img", tags: [ "b", "c", "d" ] } ]
+
+// query using custom predicates
+console.log([...table.query().matchColumn("id", (id) => id > 102)]);
+// [
+//    { id: 103, type: "img", tags: [ "unsorted" ] },
+//    { id: 104, type: "img", tags: [ "b", "c", "d" ] }
+// ]
+
+// serialize table to JSON
+console.log(JSON.stringify(table, null, "\t"));
+```
+
+Serialized table (can be loaded again via `Table.load()`):
+
+```json
+{
+    "schema": {
+        "id": { "cardinality": [1, 1], "flags": 0, "type": "u8" },
+        "type": { "cardinality": [1, 1], "flags": 1, "type": "str" },
+        "tags": { "cardinality": [0, 10], "flags": 7, "type": "str", "default": ["unsorted"] }
+    },
+    "columns": {
+        "id": {
+            "values": [100, 101, 102, 103, 104]
+        },
+        "type": {
+            "dict": {
+                "index": ["img", "video"],
+                "next": 2
+            },
+            "values": [0, 1, 0, 1, 0]
+        },
+        "tags": {
+            "dict": {
+                "index": ["a", "c", "b", "d", "unsorted"],
+                "next": 5
+            },
+            "values": [[0, 1, 2], [0, 3, 2], [4], [4], [2, 1, 3]]
+        }
+    },
+    "length": 5
+}
+```
+
+## Authors
+
+- [Karsten Schmidt](https://thi.ng)
+
+If this project contributes to an academic publication, please cite it as:
+
+```bibtex
+@misc{thing-column-store,
+  title = "@thi.ng/column-store",
+  author = "Karsten Schmidt",
+  note = "https://thi.ng/column-store",
+  year = 2025
+}
+```
+
+## License
+
+&copy; 2025 - 2026 Karsten Schmidt // Apache License 2.0