@thermal-print/escpos 0.1.0

package/dist/commands/escbematech.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1387 @@
+"use strict";
+/**
+ * ESC/Bematech Command Set
+ *
+ * Command bytes for Bematech MP-4200 TH thermal printer using ESC/Bematech protocol.
+ * Reference: Bematech MP-4200 TH Programmer's Manual - Revision 1.0, Chapter 3
+ *
+ * This file contains all documented ESC/Bematech commands organized by category.
+ * Commands follow the Bematech-specific implementation which differs from standard ESC/POS.
+ */
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.PrinterLanguage = exports.setPrintingIntensityAlt = exports.setPrintingIntensity = exports.setPrinterMode = exports.PrinterMode = exports.selectDrawerSensor = exports.selectPaperSensor = exports.disablePaperNearEndSensor = exports.enablePaperNearEndSensor = exports.setPaperWidth = exports.PaperWidth = exports.printUnicodeSet = exports.PRINT_UNICODE_SETS = exports.setInternationalCharset = exports.setIdeogramMode = exports.setDefaultCodePage = exports.setCodePage = exports.CodePage = exports.GET_CURRENT_MODE = exports.returnToPreviousMode = exports.selectESCPOSModeTemp = exports.selectESCBemaModeTemp = exports.selectESCPOSMode = exports.selectESCBemaMode = exports.INIT = exports.DEL = exports.GS = exports.FS = exports.ESC = exports.CAN = exports.ETB = exports.SYN = exports.NAK = exports.DC4 = exports.DC2 = exports.SI = exports.SO = exports.CR = exports.FF = exports.LF = exports.HT = exports.BS = exports.BEL = exports.ACK = exports.ENQ = exports.EOT = exports.ETX = exports.STX = exports.SOH = exports.NUL = void 0;
+exports.DOUBLE_HEIGHT_ONLINE = exports.DOUBLE_HEIGHT_OFF = exports.DOUBLE_HEIGHT_ON = exports.calculatePrintMode = exports.SCRIPT_OFF = exports.SUBSCRIPT_ON = exports.SUPERSCRIPT_ON = exports.UPSIDE_DOWN_OFF = exports.UPSIDE_DOWN_ON = exports.ITALIC_OFF = exports.ITALIC_ON = exports.UNDERLINE_OFF = exports.UNDERLINE_ON = exports.BOLD_OFF = exports.BOLD_ON = exports.ALIGN_RIGHT = exports.ALIGN_CENTER = exports.ALIGN_LEFT = exports.CLEAR_TABS = exports.setTabPositions = exports.TAB = exports.setLeftMargin = exports.setRightMargin = exports.disableAutoLineFeed = exports.enableAutoLineFeed = exports.setPageSizeMM = exports.setPageSizeLines = exports.horizontalSkip = exports.verticalSkip = exports.setLineSpacing = exports.SET_LINE_HEIGHT_DEFAULT = exports.feedPaper = exports.fineFeed = exports.FEED_PAGE = exports.FEED_LINE = exports.activateBuzzer = exports.disableBuzzerOnCut = exports.setBuzzerOnCut = exports.CUT_FULL_ALT = exports.CUT_FULL = exports.activateDrawer2 = exports.activateDrawer1 = exports.ENABLE_DUMP_MODE = exports.disablePanelKeys = exports.enablePanelKeys = exports.RESET_PRINTER = exports.PRINT_CONFIG = exports.LOAD_DEFAULT_CONFIG = exports.getPrinterInfo = exports.setPrinterLanguage = void 0;
+exports.CLEAR_BUFFER = exports.EXTENDED_STATUS = exports.STATUS_ENQUIRY = exports.printBarcodePLESSEYAlt = exports.printBarcodePLESSEY = exports.printBarcodeMSIAlt = exports.printBarcodeMSI = exports.printBarcodeISBN = exports.printBarcodePDF417 = exports.printBarcodeCODE128 = exports.printBarcodeCODE93 = exports.printBarcodeCODABARAlt = exports.printBarcodeCODABAR = exports.printBarcodeITFAlt = exports.printBarcodeITF = exports.printBarcodeCODE39Alt = exports.printBarcodeCODE39 = exports.printBarcodeEAN8Alt = exports.printBarcodeEAN8 = exports.printBarcodeEAN13Alt = exports.printBarcodeEAN13 = exports.printBarcodeUPCEAlt = exports.printBarcodeUPCE = exports.printBarcodeUPCAAlt = exports.printBarcodeUPCA = exports.setBarcodeLeftMargin = exports.setBarcodeHRIFont = exports.setBarcodeHRI = exports.BarcodeHRIPosition = exports.setBarcodeWidth = exports.setBarcodeHeight = exports.printNVBitImage = exports.defineNVBitImage = exports.printDownloadedBitImage = exports.defineDownloadedBitImage = exports.printRasterBitmap = exports.RasterMode = exports.print8BitGraphics = exports.print24BitGraphics = exports.fillBlankColumns = exports.CONDENSED_OFF_DC2 = exports.CONDENSED_OFF_ALT = exports.CONDENSED_OFF = exports.CONDENSED_ON_ALT = exports.CONDENSED_ON = exports.EXPANDED_OFF = exports.EXPANDED_ONLINE_ALT = exports.EXPANDED_ONLINE = exports.DOUBLE_WIDTH_OFF = exports.DOUBLE_WIDTH_ON = void 0;
+exports.validateBarcodeData = exports.encodeText = exports.setWiFi = exports.setSNMP = exports.disableDHCP = exports.enableDHCP = exports.setGateway = exports.setIPAddress = exports.CANCEL_CHAR = exports.CANCEL_LINE = exports.END_BUFFER = void 0;
+// ============================================================================
+// CONTROL CHARACTERS
+// ============================================================================
+exports.NUL = 0x00; // Null
+exports.SOH = 0x01; // Start of Heading
+exports.STX = 0x02; // Start of Text - Clear buffer
+exports.ETX = 0x03; // End of Text - End buffer
+exports.EOT = 0x04; // End of Transmission
+exports.ENQ = 0x05; // Enquiry - Printer status
+exports.ACK = 0x06; // Acknowledge
+exports.BEL = 0x07; // Bell
+exports.BS = 0x08; // Backspace
+exports.HT = 0x09; // Horizontal Tab
+exports.LF = 0x0a; // Line Feed
+exports.FF = 0x0c; // Form Feed
+exports.CR = 0x0d; // Carriage Return
+exports.SO = 0x0e; // Shift Out - Enable on-line expanded mode
+exports.SI = 0x0f; // Shift In - Enable condensed mode
+exports.DC2 = 0x12; // Device Control 2 - Disable condensed mode
+exports.DC4 = 0x14; // Device Control 4 - Disable on-line expanded print
+exports.NAK = 0x15; // Negative Acknowledge
+exports.SYN = 0x16; // Synchronous Idle
+exports.ETB = 0x17; // End of Transmission Block
+exports.CAN = 0x18; // Cancel - Cancel last line
+exports.ESC = 0x1b; // Escape
+exports.FS = 0x1c; // File Separator
+exports.GS = 0x1d; // Group Separator
+exports.DEL = 0x7f; // Delete - Cancel last character
+// ============================================================================
+// INITIALIZATION & CONFIGURATION
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC @ - Initialize printer to default settings
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 40
+ * Decimal: 27 64
+ *
+ * Cancels all printer settings including character font, line spacing,
+ * margins, and returns printer to initial state.
+ */
+exports.INIT = [exports.ESC, 0x40];
+// ============================================================================
+// MODE SELECTION
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS F9h 5 n - Select printer operating mode (permanent)
+ * Saves to non-volatile memory
+ * n = 0 or 48: ESC/Bema mode
+ * n = 1 or 49: ESC/POS mode
+ */
+const selectESCBemaMode = () => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x35, 0x00];
+exports.selectESCBemaMode = selectESCBemaMode;
+const selectESCPOSMode = () => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x35, 0x01];
+exports.selectESCPOSMode = selectESCPOSMode;
+/**
+ * GS F9h SP n - Select printer operating mode temporarily
+ * Does NOT save to memory
+ * n = 0 or 48: ESC/Bema mode
+ * n = 1 or 49: ESC/POS mode
+ */
+const selectESCBemaModeTemp = () => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x20, 0x00];
+exports.selectESCBemaModeTemp = selectESCBemaModeTemp;
+const selectESCPOSModeTemp = () => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x20, 0x01];
+exports.selectESCPOSModeTemp = selectESCPOSModeTemp;
+/**
+ * GS F9h 1Fh 1 - Return to previously set mode
+ * Hexadecimal: 1D F9 1F 31
+ */
+const returnToPreviousMode = () => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x1F, 0x31];
+exports.returnToPreviousMode = returnToPreviousMode;
+/**
+ * GS F9h C 00h - Get printer current command set
+ * Returns: 0 = ESC/Bema, 1 = ESC/POS
+ */
+exports.GET_CURRENT_MODE = [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x43, 0x00];
+// ============================================================================
+// CODE PAGES & CHARACTER ENCODING
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * Code page identifiers
+ */
+var CodePage;
+(function (CodePage) {
+    CodePage[CodePage["CP850"] = 2] = "CP850";
+    CodePage[CodePage["CP437"] = 3] = "CP437";
+    CodePage[CodePage["CP860"] = 4] = "CP860";
+    CodePage[CodePage["CP858"] = 5] = "CP858";
+    CodePage[CodePage["CP866"] = 6] = "CP866";
+    CodePage[CodePage["CP864"] = 7] = "CP864";
+    CodePage[CodePage["UTF8"] = 8] = "UTF8";
+    CodePage[CodePage["BIG5E"] = 9] = "BIG5E";
+    CodePage[CodePage["JIS"] = 10] = "JIS";
+    CodePage[CodePage["SHIFT_JIS"] = 11] = "SHIFT_JIS";
+    CodePage[CodePage["GB2312"] = 12] = "GB2312";
+    CodePage[CodePage["EUC_CN"] = 14] = "EUC_CN";
+    CodePage[CodePage["CP862"] = 21] = "CP862"; // CODEPAGE 862 (15h)
+})(CodePage || (exports.CodePage = CodePage = {}));
+/**
+ * ESC t n - Select code page
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 74 n
+ * Default: CP850
+ */
+const setCodePage = (codePage) => [exports.ESC, 0x74, codePage];
+exports.setCodePage = setCodePage;
+/**
+ * GS F9h 7 n - Set and save printer default code page
+ * Saves to non-volatile memory
+ */
+const setDefaultCodePage = (codePage) => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x37, codePage];
+exports.setDefaultCodePage = setDefaultCodePage;
+/**
+ * GS F9h 8 n - Set and save ESC/POS ideogram mode
+ * n = 0: UTF8 (Unicode)
+ * n = 1: ESC/POS Japanese
+ * n = 2: ESC/POS Simplified Chinese
+ * n = 3: ESC/POS Traditional Chinese
+ */
+const setIdeogramMode = (mode) => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x38, mode];
+exports.setIdeogramMode = setIdeogramMode;
+/**
+ * ESC R n - Select international character set
+ * n = 0: CODEPAGE 437
+ * n = 1-11: CODEPAGE 858
+ * n = 12: CODEPAGE 850 (default)
+ */
+const setInternationalCharset = (n) => {
+    if (n < 0 || n > 12)
+        n = 12;
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x52, n];
+};
+exports.setInternationalCharset = setInternationalCharset;
+/**
+ * ESC Z - Print supported Unicode sets
+ * Prints a chart showing all supported Unicode character sets
+ */
+exports.PRINT_UNICODE_SETS = [exports.ESC, 0x5A];
+/**
+ * ESC [ n - Print specific Unicode set
+ * Range: 0 ≤ n ≤ 255
+ */
+const printUnicodeSet = (n) => [exports.ESC, 0x5B, Math.max(0, Math.min(255, n))];
+exports.printUnicodeSet = printUnicodeSet;
+// ============================================================================
+// PAPER CONFIGURATION
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * Paper width presets (ESC/Bema mode only)
+ * Format: [paper width in mm, printing width in mm]
+ */
+var PaperWidth;
+(function (PaperWidth) {
+    PaperWidth[PaperWidth["WIDTH_58_48"] = 0] = "WIDTH_58_48";
+    PaperWidth[PaperWidth["WIDTH_76_72"] = 1] = "WIDTH_76_72";
+    PaperWidth[PaperWidth["WIDTH_80_72"] = 2] = "WIDTH_80_72";
+    PaperWidth[PaperWidth["WIDTH_80_76"] = 3] = "WIDTH_80_76";
+    PaperWidth[PaperWidth["WIDTH_82_72"] = 4] = "WIDTH_82_72";
+    PaperWidth[PaperWidth["WIDTH_82_76"] = 5] = "WIDTH_82_76";
+    PaperWidth[PaperWidth["WIDTH_82_80"] = 6] = "WIDTH_82_80"; // 82.5mm paper, 80mm print width
+})(PaperWidth || (exports.PaperWidth = PaperWidth = {}));
+/**
+ * GS F9h ! n - Set and save paper width
+ * Only effective in ESC/Bema mode
+ * In ESC/POS mode, paper width is always 80mm/73.5mm
+ */
+const setPaperWidth = (width) => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x21, width];
+exports.setPaperWidth = setPaperWidth;
+/**
+ * GS F9h , n - Enable/disable paper near-end sensor (PNES)
+ * n = 0 or 48: Disable PNES
+ * n = 1 or 49: Enable PNES (default)
+ * Saves to non-volatile memory
+ */
+const enablePaperNearEndSensor = () => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x2C, 0x01];
+exports.enablePaperNearEndSensor = enablePaperNearEndSensor;
+const disablePaperNearEndSensor = () => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x2C, 0x00];
+exports.disablePaperNearEndSensor = disablePaperNearEndSensor;
+/**
+ * ESC b n - Select paper sensor to output paper-end signal
+ * n = 0 or 48: PE reflects paper sensor (default)
+ * n = 1 or 49: PE reflects drawer sensor
+ */
+const selectPaperSensor = () => [exports.ESC, 0x62, 0x00];
+exports.selectPaperSensor = selectPaperSensor;
+const selectDrawerSensor = () => [exports.ESC, 0x62, 0x01];
+exports.selectDrawerSensor = selectDrawerSensor;
+// ============================================================================
+// PRINTER QUALITY & MODE
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * Printer quality modes
+ */
+var PrinterMode;
+(function (PrinterMode) {
+    PrinterMode[PrinterMode["NORMAL"] = 0] = "NORMAL";
+    PrinterMode[PrinterMode["HIGH_QUALITY"] = 1] = "HIGH_QUALITY";
+    PrinterMode[PrinterMode["HIGH_SPEED"] = 2] = "HIGH_SPEED"; // High speed mode
+})(PrinterMode || (exports.PrinterMode = PrinterMode = {}));
+/**
+ * GS F9h - n - Set and save printer mode
+ * Sets printing priority to high quality or high speed
+ */
+const setPrinterMode = (mode) => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x2D, mode];
+exports.setPrinterMode = setPrinterMode;
+/**
+ * ESC N n - Select printing intensity (OBSOLETE)
+ * Kept for compatibility with earlier Bematech products
+ * Command is ignored by MP-4200 TH
+ */
+const setPrintingIntensity = (n) => [exports.ESC, 0x4E, Math.max(0, Math.min(4, n))];
+exports.setPrintingIntensity = setPrintingIntensity;
+/**
+ * GS F9h + n - Set and save printing intensity (OBSOLETE)
+ * Kept for compatibility with earlier Bematech products
+ * Command is ignored by MP-4200 TH
+ */
+const setPrintingIntensityAlt = (n) => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x2B, n];
+exports.setPrintingIntensityAlt = setPrintingIntensityAlt;
+// ============================================================================
+// PRINTER LANGUAGE
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS FAh n - Set and save printer language
+ * n = 0 or 48: English
+ * n = 1 or 49: Portuguese
+ * n = 2 or 50: Spanish
+ * n = 3 or 51: German
+ */
+var PrinterLanguage;
+(function (PrinterLanguage) {
+    PrinterLanguage[PrinterLanguage["ENGLISH"] = 0] = "ENGLISH";
+    PrinterLanguage[PrinterLanguage["PORTUGUESE"] = 1] = "PORTUGUESE";
+    PrinterLanguage[PrinterLanguage["SPANISH"] = 2] = "SPANISH";
+    PrinterLanguage[PrinterLanguage["GERMAN"] = 3] = "GERMAN";
+})(PrinterLanguage || (exports.PrinterLanguage = PrinterLanguage = {}));
+const setPrinterLanguage = (lang) => [exports.GS, 0xFA, lang];
+exports.setPrinterLanguage = setPrinterLanguage;
+// ============================================================================
+// PRINTER INFORMATION & CONFIGURATION
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS F9h ' n - Get printer information
+ * Returns different information based on n value:
+ * n = 0 or 48: Product code (10 bytes)
+ * n = 1 or 49: Serial number (20 bytes)
+ * n = 2 or 50: Manufacturing date (4 bytes)
+ * n = 3 or 51: Firmware version (3 bytes)
+ * n = 5 or 53: Manufacturing timestamp (17 bytes, "dd/mm/yy hh:mm:ss")
+ * n = 8 or 56: Interface type (1 byte: 0=None, 1=Serial DB-9, 2=Serial DB-25, 3=Ethernet, -1=Unknown)
+ */
+const getPrinterInfo = (infoType) => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x27, infoType];
+exports.getPrinterInfo = getPrinterInfo;
+/**
+ * GS F9h ( 0 - Load default user configuration
+ * Reloads all configurations from non-volatile memory and dipswitches
+ */
+exports.LOAD_DEFAULT_CONFIG = [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x28, 0x30];
+/**
+ * GS F9h ) 0 - Print user configuration
+ * Prints current user configuration on paper
+ */
+exports.PRINT_CONFIG = [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x29, 0x30];
+/**
+ * GS F8h F - Printer reset
+ * Forces a hardware reset
+ */
+exports.RESET_PRINTER = [exports.GS, 0xF8, 0x46];
+// ============================================================================
+// PANEL CONTROL
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC y n - Enable/disable panel keys
+ * n = 0 or 48: Disable panel keys
+ * n = 1 or 49: Enable panel keys (default)
+ */
+const enablePanelKeys = () => [exports.ESC, 0x79, 0x01];
+exports.enablePanelKeys = enablePanelKeys;
+const disablePanelKeys = () => [exports.ESC, 0x79, 0x00];
+exports.disablePanelKeys = disablePanelKeys;
+/**
+ * ESC x - Enable dump mode
+ * Prints data in hexadecimal for debugging
+ * WARNING: Only way to exit dump mode is to turn off printer
+ */
+exports.ENABLE_DUMP_MODE = [exports.ESC, 0x78];
+// ============================================================================
+// DRAWER CONTROL
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC v n - Activate drawer #1 for n milliseconds
+ * Range: 50 ≤ n ≤ 250 (actual: 50ms ≤ n ≤ 200ms)
+ */
+const activateDrawer1 = (milliseconds) => {
+    const n = Math.max(50, Math.min(250, milliseconds));
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x76, n];
+};
+exports.activateDrawer1 = activateDrawer1;
+/**
+ * ESC 80h n - Activate drawer #2 for n milliseconds
+ * Range: 50 ≤ n ≤ 250 (actual: 50ms ≤ n ≤ 200ms)
+ */
+const activateDrawer2 = (milliseconds) => {
+    const n = Math.max(50, Math.min(250, milliseconds));
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x80, n];
+};
+exports.activateDrawer2 = activateDrawer2;
+// ============================================================================
+// PAPER CUTTING
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC i - Perform full paper cut
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 69
+ */
+exports.CUT_FULL = [exports.ESC, 0x69];
+/**
+ * ESC w - Perform full paper cut (alternate command)
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 77
+ */
+exports.CUT_FULL_ALT = [exports.ESC, 0x77];
+/**
+ * GS F9h D m n - Activate buzzer on cut
+ * m: Buzzer selection (0=none, 1=internal, 2=external)
+ * n: Activation time (n × 100ms)
+ * Default: m=0, n=200
+ */
+const setBuzzerOnCut = (buzzer, time) => {
+    const n = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, time));
+    return [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x44, buzzer, n];
+};
+exports.setBuzzerOnCut = setBuzzerOnCut;
+const disableBuzzerOnCut = () => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x44, 0x00, 0x00];
+exports.disableBuzzerOnCut = disableBuzzerOnCut;
+// ============================================================================
+// BUZZER CONTROL
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC ( A pL pH fn n1 n2 vol - Activate/deactivate buzzer
+ * pL + pH × 256 = 4 (always: pL=4, pH=0)
+ * fn = 1 or 49: Activate buzzer
+ * fn = 0 or 48: Deactivate buzzer (deprecated)
+ * n = (n1 + n2 × 256): Time in milliseconds
+ * vol = 0, 1, 48, or 49: Volume (unused)
+ */
+const activateBuzzer = (milliseconds) => {
+    const n1 = milliseconds & 0xFF;
+    const n2 = (milliseconds >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x28, 0x41, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, n1, n2, 0x00];
+};
+exports.activateBuzzer = activateBuzzer;
+// ============================================================================
+// PAPER FEEDING
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * LF - Feed one line
+ * Prints buffer contents and feeds one line according to default line spacing
+ */
+exports.FEED_LINE = [exports.LF];
+/**
+ * FF - Feed one page
+ * Moves from current position to top of next page
+ * Can be disabled by setting page size to zero
+ */
+exports.FEED_PAGE = [exports.FF];
+/**
+ * ESC J n - Perform fine line feed
+ * Range: 48 ≤ n ≤ 255
+ * Feed: (n - 48) × 0.125mm
+ * Widely used for graphics printing
+ */
+const fineFeed = (n) => {
+    const value = Math.max(48, Math.min(255, n));
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x4A, value];
+};
+exports.fineFeed = fineFeed;
+/**
+ * ESC A n - Feed paper by [n × 0.375]mm
+ * Range: 0 ≤ n ≤ 255
+ * Notes: n < 17 → 0mm, n > 85 → 32mm, else n × 0.375mm
+ */
+const feedPaper = (n) => {
+    const value = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, n));
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x41, value];
+};
+exports.feedPaper = feedPaper;
+/**
+ * ESC 2 - Set text line height to 1/6 inches (default)
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 32
+ */
+exports.SET_LINE_HEIGHT_DEFAULT = [exports.ESC, 0x32];
+/**
+ * ESC 3 n - Set line feed to n/144 inches
+ * Range: 18 ≤ n ≤ 255
+ * Takes effect immediately
+ */
+const setLineSpacing = (n) => {
+    const value = Math.max(18, Math.min(255, n));
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x33, value];
+};
+exports.setLineSpacing = setLineSpacing;
+/**
+ * ESC f 1 n - Vertical skipping
+ * Range: 0 ≤ n ≤ 255
+ * Performs vertical skipping of n characters
+ * Alternate: 1B 66 01 n (same effect)
+ */
+const verticalSkip = (n) => {
+    const value = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, n));
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x66, 0x31, value];
+};
+exports.verticalSkip = verticalSkip;
+/**
+ * ESC f 0 n - Horizontal skipping
+ * Range: 0 ≤ n ≤ 255
+ * Performs horizontal skipping of n characters
+ * Alternate: 1B 66 00 n (same effect)
+ */
+const horizontalSkip = (n) => {
+    const value = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, n));
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x66, 0x30, value];
+};
+exports.horizontalSkip = horizontalSkip;
+// ============================================================================
+// PAGE CONFIGURATION
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC C n - Set page size in lines
+ * Range: 0 < n < 256
+ * Default: n = 12
+ * n represents number of single-height lines
+ */
+const setPageSizeLines = (lines) => {
+    const n = Math.max(1, Math.min(255, lines));
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x43, n];
+};
+exports.setPageSizeLines = setPageSizeLines;
+/**
+ * ESC c n1 n2 - Set page size in millimeters
+ * Range: 0 ≤ n1 ≤ 255, 0 ≤ n2 ≤ 255
+ * Page size = 0.125mm × [n1 + (256 × n2)]
+ */
+const setPageSizeMM = (n1, n2) => {
+    const v1 = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, n1));
+    const v2 = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, n2));
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x63, v1, v2];
+};
+exports.setPageSizeMM = setPageSizeMM;
+// ============================================================================
+// AUTOMATIC LINE FEED
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC z n - Enable/disable automatic line feed
+ * n = 0 or 48: Disable (default)
+ * n = 1 or 49: Enable
+ * When enabled, printer performs LF after receiving CR
+ */
+const enableAutoLineFeed = () => [exports.ESC, 0x7A, 0x01];
+exports.enableAutoLineFeed = enableAutoLineFeed;
+const disableAutoLineFeed = () => [exports.ESC, 0x7A, 0x00];
+exports.disableAutoLineFeed = disableAutoLineFeed;
+// ============================================================================
+// MARGINS & TABS
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC Q n - Set right margin
+ * Range: 0 ≤ n ≤ 255
+ * Sets right margin in number of characters from default left margin
+ * New margin becomes valid only on next line if on right side of current position
+ */
+const setRightMargin = (chars) => {
+    const n = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, chars));
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x51, n];
+};
+exports.setRightMargin = setRightMargin;
+/**
+ * ESC l n - Set left margin
+ * Range: 0 ≤ n ≤ 255
+ * Sets left margin in number of characters from default left margin
+ * New margin becomes valid only on next line if on left side of current position
+ */
+const setLeftMargin = (chars) => {
+    const n = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, chars));
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x6C, n];
+};
+exports.setLeftMargin = setLeftMargin;
+/**
+ * HT - Horizontal tab
+ * Moves print position to next tab mark
+ * Default: tabs at every 8 character columns (9, 17, 25, ...)
+ */
+exports.TAB = [exports.HT];
+/**
+ * ESC D n1 ... nk NUL - Set horizontal tab marks
+ * Range: 1 ≤ n ≤ 255, 0 ≤ k ≤ 32
+ * Default: intervals of 8 characters for font 12x24
+ *
+ * Example: setTabPositions([8, 16, 24]) sets tabs at columns 9, 17, 25
+ * Must be in ascending order and terminated with NUL
+ */
+const setTabPositions = (positions) => {
+    const validPositions = positions
+        .filter(p => p >= 1 && p <= 255)
+        .slice(0, 32)
+        .sort((a, b) => a - b);
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x44, ...validPositions, exports.NUL];
+};
+exports.setTabPositions = setTabPositions;
+/**
+ * ESC D NUL - Cancel all horizontal tab marks
+ */
+exports.CLEAR_TABS = [exports.ESC, 0x44, exports.NUL];
+// ============================================================================
+// TEXT ALIGNMENT
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC a n - Character alignment
+ * n = 0 or 48: Left justified (default)
+ * n = 1 or 49: Center justified
+ * n = 2 or 50: Right justified
+ */
+exports.ALIGN_LEFT = [exports.ESC, 0x61, 0x00];
+exports.ALIGN_CENTER = [exports.ESC, 0x61, 0x01];
+exports.ALIGN_RIGHT = [exports.ESC, 0x61, 0x02];
+// ============================================================================
+// TEXT FORMATTING - BOLD/EMPHASIZED
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC E - Enable emphasized print mode (bold)
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 45
+ * Emphasized mode is bolder than normal print
+ */
+exports.BOLD_ON = [exports.ESC, 0x45];
+/**
+ * ESC F - Disable emphasized print mode (bold)
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 46
+ */
+exports.BOLD_OFF = [exports.ESC, 0x46];
+// ============================================================================
+// TEXT FORMATTING - UNDERLINE
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC - n - Enable/disable underline print mode
+ * n = 0 or 48: Disable (default)
+ * n = 1 or 49: Enable
+ * Underlines every character and space
+ */
+exports.UNDERLINE_ON = [exports.ESC, 0x2D, 0x01];
+exports.UNDERLINE_OFF = [exports.ESC, 0x2D, 0x00];
+// ============================================================================
+// TEXT FORMATTING - ITALIC
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC 4 - Enable italic print mode
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 34
+ * Available in all other print modes
+ */
+exports.ITALIC_ON = [exports.ESC, 0x34];
+/**
+ * ESC 5 - Disable italic print mode
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 35
+ */
+exports.ITALIC_OFF = [exports.ESC, 0x35];
+// ============================================================================
+// TEXT FORMATTING - UPSIDE DOWN
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC } n - Turn upside-down printing mode on/off
+ * n = 0 or 48: Disable (default)
+ * n = 1 or 49: Enable
+ */
+exports.UPSIDE_DOWN_ON = [exports.ESC, 0x7D, 0x01];
+exports.UPSIDE_DOWN_OFF = [exports.ESC, 0x7D, 0x00];
+// ============================================================================
+// TEXT FORMATTING - SUPERSCRIPT/SUBSCRIPT
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC S n - Enable superscript or subscript print mode
+ * n = 0 or 48: Superscript (print on upper side of line)
+ * n = 1 or 49: Subscript (print on bottom side of line)
+ */
+exports.SUPERSCRIPT_ON = [exports.ESC, 0x53, 0x00];
+exports.SUBSCRIPT_ON = [exports.ESC, 0x53, 0x01];
+/**
+ * ESC T - Disable superscript and subscript print modes
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 54
+ */
+exports.SCRIPT_OFF = [exports.ESC, 0x54];
+// ============================================================================
+// TEXT FORMATTING - COMBINED MODE (ESC !)
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC ! n - Select print mode (combined control)
+ * Bits:
+ *   0: Font selection (0=Font A, 1=Font B) - Not documented but works
+ *   1-2: Undefined
+ *   3: Emphasized (0=clear, 1=set)
+ *   4: Double height (0=clear, 1=set)
+ *   5: Double width (0=clear, 1=set)
+ *   6: Undefined
+ *   7: Underline (0=clear, 1=set)
+ */
+const calculatePrintMode = (options) => {
+    // Use Font B (narrower, 9×17 dots) for consistency with ESC/POS
+    // Font B fits more characters per line (better for 48-char receipts)
+    let n = 0x01; // Bit 0 - Font B
+    if (options.emphasized)
+        n |= 0x08; // Bit 3
+    if (options.doubleHeight)
+        n |= 0x10; // Bit 4
+    if (options.doubleWidth)
+        n |= 0x20; // Bit 5
+    if (options.underline)
+        n |= 0x80; // Bit 7
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x21, n];
+};
+exports.calculatePrintMode = calculatePrintMode;
+// ============================================================================
+// CHARACTER SIZING - DOUBLE HEIGHT
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC d n - Enable/disable double height print mode
+ * n = 0 or 48: Disable (default)
+ * n = 1 or 49: Enable
+ *
+ * IMPORTANT: This is different from ESC/POS where ESC d is used for line feed
+ */
+exports.DOUBLE_HEIGHT_ON = [exports.ESC, 0x64, 0x01];
+exports.DOUBLE_HEIGHT_OFF = [exports.ESC, 0x64, 0x00];
+/**
+ * ESC V - Enable on-line double height mode
+ * If received at beginning of line: valid for whole line
+ * Otherwise: valid only for next incoming characters
+ * Returns to normal mode on next line
+ */
+exports.DOUBLE_HEIGHT_ONLINE = [exports.ESC, 0x56];
+// ============================================================================
+// CHARACTER SIZING - DOUBLE WIDTH (EXPANDED)
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC W n - Enable/disable expanded mode (double width)
+ * n = 0 or 48: Disable (default)
+ * n = 1 or 49: Enable
+ * Takes effect immediately
+ */
+exports.DOUBLE_WIDTH_ON = [exports.ESC, 0x57, 0x01];
+exports.DOUBLE_WIDTH_OFF = [exports.ESC, 0x57, 0x00];
+/**
+ * ESC SO - Enable on-line expanded mode
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 0E
+ * If received at beginning of line: valid for whole line
+ * Otherwise: valid only for next incoming characters
+ * Returns to normal mode on next line
+ */
+exports.EXPANDED_ONLINE = [exports.ESC, exports.SO];
+/**
+ * SO - Enable on-line expanded mode (alternate)
+ * Hexadecimal: 0E
+ * Same as ESC SO
+ */
+exports.EXPANDED_ONLINE_ALT = [exports.SO];
+/**
+ * DC4 - Disable on-line expanded print
+ * Hexadecimal: 14
+ * Disables expanded mode if previously set by ESC SO or SO
+ */
+exports.EXPANDED_OFF = [exports.DC4];
+// ============================================================================
+// CHARACTER SIZING - CONDENSED
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC SI - Enable condensed mode
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 0F
+ */
+exports.CONDENSED_ON = [exports.ESC, exports.SI];
+/**
+ * SI - Enable condensed mode (alternate)
+ * Hexadecimal: 0F
+ * Same as ESC SI
+ */
+exports.CONDENSED_ON_ALT = [exports.SI];
+/**
+ * ESC H - Disable condensed mode
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 48
+ * Same as DC2 or ESC P
+ */
+exports.CONDENSED_OFF = [exports.ESC, 0x48];
+/**
+ * ESC P - Disable condensed mode (alternate)
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 50
+ * Same as DC2 or ESC H
+ */
+exports.CONDENSED_OFF_ALT = [exports.ESC, 0x50];
+/**
+ * DC2 - Disable condensed mode (alternate)
+ * Hexadecimal: 12
+ * Same as ESC H or ESC P
+ */
+exports.CONDENSED_OFF_DC2 = [exports.DC2];
+// ============================================================================
+// GRAPHICS - BIT IMAGES
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ESC $ n1 n2 - Fill in blank bit columns
+ * Fills blank bit columns from current column to column (n1 + n2 × 256)
+ * Must be ≤ printing width N
+ */
+const fillBlankColumns = (columns) => {
+    const n1 = columns & 0xFF;
+    const n2 = (columns >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x24, n1, n2];
+};
+exports.fillBlankColumns = fillBlankColumns;
+/**
+ * ESC * ! n1 n2 b1 ... bn - 24-bit graphics
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 2A 21 n1 n2 b1 ... bn
+ * Downloads 24-bit image with (n1 + n2 × 256) columns
+ * Each column = 3 bytes (24 bits height)
+ * Total bytes needed = columns × 3
+ */
+const print24BitGraphics = (columns, data) => {
+    const n1 = columns & 0xFF;
+    const n2 = (columns >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x2A, 0x21, n1, n2, ...data];
+};
+exports.print24BitGraphics = print24BitGraphics;
+/**
+ * ESC K n1 n2 b1 ... bn - 8-bit graphics
+ * Hexadecimal: 1B 4B n1 n2 b1 ... bn
+ * Select "8 pin" bit image (compatible with dot-matrix printers)
+ * Columns = n1 + (n2 × 256), each column = 1 byte
+ * Low resolution (expanded to 3 bytes internally)
+ */
+const print8BitGraphics = (columns, data) => {
+    const n1 = columns & 0xFF;
+    const n2 = (columns >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    return [exports.ESC, 0x4B, n1, n2, ...data];
+};
+exports.print8BitGraphics = print8BitGraphics;
+// ============================================================================
+// GRAPHICS - RASTER BITMAP
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * Raster bitmap print modes
+ */
+var RasterMode;
+(function (RasterMode) {
+    RasterMode[RasterMode["NORMAL"] = 0] = "NORMAL";
+    RasterMode[RasterMode["DOUBLE_WIDTH"] = 1] = "DOUBLE_WIDTH";
+    RasterMode[RasterMode["DOUBLE_HEIGHT"] = 2] = "DOUBLE_HEIGHT";
+    RasterMode[RasterMode["QUADRUPLE"] = 3] = "QUADRUPLE"; // 101 dpi × 101 dpi
+})(RasterMode || (exports.RasterMode = RasterMode = {}));
+/**
+ * GS v 0 m xL xH yL yH d1 ... dk - Print raster bitmap
+ * m: Mode (0-3 or 48-51)
+ * xL, xH: Horizontal bytes = xL + xH × 256
+ * yL, yH: Vertical bytes = yL + yH × 256
+ * k = (xL + xH × 256) × (yL + yH × 256)
+ *
+ * Data outside printing area is discarded
+ * Affected by HT, ESC $, ESC \, GS L, and ESC a
+ */
+const printRasterBitmap = (mode, width, height, data) => {
+    const xL = width & 0xFF;
+    const xH = (width >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    const yL = height & 0xFF;
+    const yH = (height >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    return [exports.GS, 0x76, 0x30, mode, xL, xH, yL, yH, ...data];
+};
+exports.printRasterBitmap = printRasterBitmap;
+// ============================================================================
+// GRAPHICS - DOWNLOADED BIT IMAGE
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS * x y d1 ... d(x×y×8) - Define downloaded bit image
+ * Range: 1 ≤ x ≤ 255, 1 ≤ y ≤ 64
+ * Horizontal dots: x × 8
+ * Vertical dots: y × 8
+ *
+ * Cleared by: ESC @, FS q, printer restart, or power cycle
+ */
+const defineDownloadedBitImage = (x, y, data) => {
+    const xVal = Math.max(1, Math.min(255, x));
+    const yVal = Math.max(1, Math.min(64, y));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x2A, xVal, yVal, ...data];
+};
+exports.defineDownloadedBitImage = defineDownloadedBitImage;
+/**
+ * GS / m - Print downloaded bit image
+ * m: Mode (0-3 or 48-51) - same as RasterMode
+ * No effect if downloaded image not defined
+ */
+const printDownloadedBitImage = (mode) => [exports.GS, 0x2F, mode];
+exports.printDownloadedBitImage = printDownloadedBitImage;
+// ============================================================================
+// GRAPHICS - NON-VOLATILE (NV) BIT IMAGE
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * FS q n [xL xH yL yH d1 ... dn]1 ... [xL xH yL yH d1 ... dn]n
+ * Define NV bit images (stored in non-volatile memory)
+ *
+ * n: Number of NV bit images (1 ≤ n ≤ 255)
+ * xL, xH: Horizontal = (xL + xH × 256) × 8 dots (max 1023 × 8)
+ * yL, yH: Vertical = (yL + yH × 256) × 8 dots (max 288 × 8)
+ *
+ * Erases all previously defined NV images
+ */
+const defineNVBitImage = (images) => {
+    const result = [exports.FS, 0x71, images.length];
+    for (const img of images) {
+        const xL = img.width & 0xFF;
+        const xH = (img.width >> 8) & 0xFF;
+        const yL = img.height & 0xFF;
+        const yH = (img.height >> 8) & 0xFF;
+        result.push(xL, xH, yL, yH, ...img.data);
+    }
+    return result;
+};
+exports.defineNVBitImage = defineNVBitImage;
+/**
+ * FS p n m - Print non-volatile (NV) bit image
+ * n: NV bit image number (as defined by FS q)
+ * m: Mode (0-3 or 48-51) - same as RasterMode
+ * No effect if n-th NV image not defined
+ */
+const printNVBitImage = (imageNumber, mode) => [exports.FS, 0x70, imageNumber, mode];
+exports.printNVBitImage = printNVBitImage;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - CONFIGURATION
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS h n - Set barcode height
+ * Range: 1 ≤ n ≤ 255
+ * Default: n = 162
+ * Height = n × 0.125mm
+ */
+const setBarcodeHeight = (n) => {
+    const height = Math.max(1, Math.min(255, n));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x68, height];
+};
+exports.setBarcodeHeight = setBarcodeHeight;
+/**
+ * GS w n - Set barcode width
+ * Range: 2 ≤ n ≤ 4
+ * Default: n = 3
+ * n = 2: Normal width
+ * n = 3: Double width
+ * n = 4: Quadruple width
+ */
+const setBarcodeWidth = (width) => [exports.GS, 0x77, width];
+exports.setBarcodeWidth = setBarcodeWidth;
+/**
+ * Human Readable Information (HRI) position
+ */
+var BarcodeHRIPosition;
+(function (BarcodeHRIPosition) {
+    BarcodeHRIPosition[BarcodeHRIPosition["NONE"] = 0] = "NONE";
+    BarcodeHRIPosition[BarcodeHRIPosition["TOP"] = 1] = "TOP";
+    BarcodeHRIPosition[BarcodeHRIPosition["BOTTOM"] = 2] = "BOTTOM";
+    BarcodeHRIPosition[BarcodeHRIPosition["BOTH"] = 3] = "BOTH"; // HRI on both top and bottom
+})(BarcodeHRIPosition || (exports.BarcodeHRIPosition = BarcodeHRIPosition = {}));
+/**
+ * GS H n - Choose HRI position in barcode
+ * Range: 0 ≤ n ≤ 3
+ * Default: n = 1 (top)
+ */
+const setBarcodeHRI = (position) => [exports.GS, 0x48, position];
+exports.setBarcodeHRI = setBarcodeHRI;
+/**
+ * GS f n - Set HRI font
+ * n = 0 or 48: Normal font (default)
+ * n = 1 or 49: Condensed font
+ */
+const setBarcodeHRIFont = (condensed) => [exports.GS, 0x66, condensed ? 0x01 : 0x00];
+exports.setBarcodeHRIFont = setBarcodeHRIFont;
+/**
+ * GS k 84h n1 n2 - Program barcode left margin
+ * Margin position = n1 + n2 × 256
+ */
+const setBarcodeLeftMargin = (position) => {
+    const n1 = position & 0xFF;
+    const n2 = (position >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x84, n1, n2];
+};
+exports.setBarcodeLeftMargin = setBarcodeLeftMargin;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - UPC-A
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k NUL d1 ... d11 NUL - Print UPC-A barcode
+ * Range: 48 ≤ dn ≤ 57 (ASCII digits '0'-'9')
+ * Requires exactly 11 digits, checksum generated automatically
+ */
+const printBarcodeUPCA = (data) => {
+    if (data.length !== 11 || !/^\d{11}$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('UPC-A requires exactly 11 digits');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, exports.NUL, ...bytes, exports.NUL];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeUPCA = printBarcodeUPCA;
+/**
+ * GS k A VT d1 ... d11 - Print UPC-A barcode (alternate)
+ * Same as GS k NUL variant
+ */
+const printBarcodeUPCAAlt = (data) => {
+    if (data.length !== 11 || !/^\d{11}$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('UPC-A requires exactly 11 digits');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x41, 0x0B, ...bytes];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeUPCAAlt = printBarcodeUPCAAlt;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - UPC-E
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k SOH d1 ... d6 NUL - Print UPC-E barcode
+ * Range: 48 ≤ dn ≤ 57 (ASCII digits '0'-'9')
+ * Requires exactly 6 digits, checksum generated automatically
+ */
+const printBarcodeUPCE = (data) => {
+    if (data.length !== 6 || !/^\d{6}$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('UPC-E requires exactly 6 digits');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, exports.SOH, ...bytes, exports.NUL];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeUPCE = printBarcodeUPCE;
+/**
+ * GS k B ACK d1 ... d6 - Print UPC-E barcode (alternate)
+ */
+const printBarcodeUPCEAlt = (data) => {
+    if (data.length !== 6 || !/^\d{6}$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('UPC-E requires exactly 6 digits');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x42, 0x06, ...bytes];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeUPCEAlt = printBarcodeUPCEAlt;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - EAN-13
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k STX d1 ... d12 NUL - Print EAN-13 barcode
+ * Range: 48 ≤ dn ≤ 57 (ASCII digits '0'-'9')
+ * Requires exactly 12 digits, 13th digit generated automatically
+ */
+const printBarcodeEAN13 = (data) => {
+    if (data.length !== 12 || !/^\d{12}$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('EAN-13 requires exactly 12 digits');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, exports.STX, ...bytes, exports.NUL];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeEAN13 = printBarcodeEAN13;
+/**
+ * GS k C FF d1 ... d12 - Print EAN-13 barcode (alternate)
+ */
+const printBarcodeEAN13Alt = (data) => {
+    if (data.length !== 12 || !/^\d{12}$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('EAN-13 requires exactly 12 digits');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x43, 0x0C, ...bytes];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeEAN13Alt = printBarcodeEAN13Alt;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - EAN-8
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k ETX d1 ... d7 NUL - Print EAN-8 barcode
+ * Range: 48 ≤ dn ≤ 57 (ASCII digits '0'-'9')
+ * Requires exactly 7 digits, 8th digit generated automatically
+ */
+const printBarcodeEAN8 = (data) => {
+    if (data.length !== 7 || !/^\d{7}$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('EAN-8 requires exactly 7 digits');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, exports.ETX, ...bytes, exports.NUL];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeEAN8 = printBarcodeEAN8;
+/**
+ * GS k D BEL d1 ... d7 - Print EAN-8 barcode (alternate)
+ */
+const printBarcodeEAN8Alt = (data) => {
+    if (data.length !== 7 || !/^\d{7}$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('EAN-8 requires exactly 7 digits');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x44, 0x07, ...bytes];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeEAN8Alt = printBarcodeEAN8Alt;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - CODE 39
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k EOT d1 ... dn NUL - Print CODE 39 barcode
+ * Valid characters: 32 (space), 36 ($), 37 (%), 42 (*), 43 (+), 45-57 (-, ., /, 0-9), 65-90 (A-Z)
+ * Checksum generated automatically
+ * Length limited by physical print width and barcode width setting
+ */
+const printBarcodeCODE39 = (data) => {
+    if (!/^[ $%*+\-./0-9A-Z]+$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('CODE 39 supports: space, $%*+-./, 0-9, A-Z');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, exports.EOT, ...bytes, exports.NUL];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeCODE39 = printBarcodeCODE39;
+/**
+ * GS k E n d1 ... dn - Print CODE 39 barcode (alternate)
+ */
+const printBarcodeCODE39Alt = (data) => {
+    if (!/^[ $%*+\-./0-9A-Z]+$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('CODE 39 supports: space, $%*+-./, 0-9, A-Z');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x45, bytes.length, ...bytes];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeCODE39Alt = printBarcodeCODE39Alt;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - ITF (Interleaved 2 of 5)
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k ENQ d1 ... dn NUL - Print ITF barcode
+ * Range: 48 ≤ dn ≤ 57 (ASCII digits '0'-'9')
+ * Length limited by physical print width and barcode width setting
+ */
+const printBarcodeITF = (data) => {
+    if (!/^\d+$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('ITF requires only digits 0-9');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, exports.ENQ, ...bytes, exports.NUL];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeITF = printBarcodeITF;
+/**
+ * GS k F n d1 ... dn - Print ITF barcode (alternate)
+ */
+const printBarcodeITFAlt = (data) => {
+    if (!/^\d+$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('ITF requires only digits 0-9');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x46, bytes.length, ...bytes];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeITFAlt = printBarcodeITFAlt;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - CODABAR
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k ACK d1 ... dn NUL - Print CODABAR barcode
+ * Valid: 36 ($), 43 (+), 45-57 (-, ., /, 0-9), 65-68 (A-D uppercase), 97-100 (a-d lowercase)
+ * Cannot mix uppercase and lowercase letters
+ * If d1 is letter, dn must also be letter
+ */
+const printBarcodeCODABAR = (data) => {
+    if (!/^[$+\-./0-9A-D]+$/.test(data) && !/^[$+\-./0-9a-d]+$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('CODABAR supports: $+-./, 0-9, A-D (or a-d, not mixed)');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, exports.ACK, ...bytes, exports.NUL];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeCODABAR = printBarcodeCODABAR;
+/**
+ * GS k G n d1 ... dn - Print CODABAR barcode (alternate)
+ */
+const printBarcodeCODABARAlt = (data) => {
+    if (!/^[$+\-./0-9A-D]+$/.test(data) && !/^[$+\-./0-9a-d]+$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('CODABAR supports: $+-./, 0-9, A-D (or a-d, not mixed)');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x47, bytes.length, ...bytes];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeCODABARAlt = printBarcodeCODABARAlt;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - CODE 93
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k H n d1 ... dn - Print CODE 93 barcode
+ * Range: 0 ≤ dn ≤ 127 (all ASCII characters)
+ * Checksum generated automatically
+ */
+const printBarcodeCODE93 = (data) => {
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    if (bytes.some(b => b > 127)) {
+        throw new Error('CODE 93 supports ASCII 0-127');
+    }
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x48, bytes.length, ...bytes];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeCODE93 = printBarcodeCODE93;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - CODE 128
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k I n d1 ... dn - Print CODE 128 barcode
+ * Range: 0 ≤ dn ≤ 127 (all ASCII characters)
+ * Checksum generated automatically
+ */
+const printBarcodeCODE128 = (data) => {
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    if (bytes.some(b => b > 127)) {
+        throw new Error('CODE 128 supports ASCII 0-127');
+    }
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x49, bytes.length, ...bytes];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeCODE128 = printBarcodeCODE128;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - PDF-417
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k 80h n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 d1 ... dn - Print PDF-417 barcode
+ * n1: ECC level (0-8)
+ * n2: Pitch height (n2 × 0.125mm)
+ * n3: Pitch width (n3 × 0.125mm, range 1-4)
+ * n4: Codewords per row (0 = max for pitch width)
+ * n5, n6: Byte count (n5 + n6 × 256, must be < 900)
+ */
+const printBarcodePDF417 = (eccLevel, pitchHeight, pitchWidth, codewordsPerRow, data) => {
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    const totalBytes = bytes.length;
+    if (totalBytes >= 900) {
+        throw new Error('PDF-417 data must be less than 900 bytes');
+    }
+    const n1 = Math.max(0, Math.min(8, eccLevel));
+    const n2 = Math.max(1, Math.min(8, pitchHeight));
+    const n3 = Math.max(1, Math.min(4, pitchWidth));
+    const n4 = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, codewordsPerRow));
+    const n5 = totalBytes & 0xFF;
+    const n6 = (totalBytes >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x80, n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, ...bytes];
+};
+exports.printBarcodePDF417 = printBarcodePDF417;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - ISBN
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k NAK d1 ... d9 NUL - Print ISBN barcode
+ * Format: X-XXXXX-XXX-X [XXXXX] (hyphens optional in data)
+ * Last char before space: 'X' (88) or digit
+ * After hyphen+X/digit: optional space + 5 more digits
+ */
+const printBarcodeISBN = (data) => {
+    // Remove hyphens for validation
+    const clean = data.replace(/-/g, '');
+    if (!/^[\dX][\d ]+$/.test(clean)) {
+        throw new Error('ISBN format: digits, optional X, optional space + 5 digits');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, exports.NAK, ...bytes, exports.NUL];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeISBN = printBarcodeISBN;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - MSI
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k SYN d1 ... dn NUL - Print MSI barcode
+ * Range: 48 ≤ dn ≤ 57 (ASCII digits '0'-'9')
+ * Checksum generated automatically
+ */
+const printBarcodeMSI = (data) => {
+    if (!/^\d+$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('MSI requires only digits 0-9');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, exports.SYN, ...bytes, exports.NUL];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeMSI = printBarcodeMSI;
+/**
+ * GS k 82h n d1 ... dn - Print MSI barcode (alternate)
+ */
+const printBarcodeMSIAlt = (data) => {
+    if (!/^\d+$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('MSI requires only digits 0-9');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x82, bytes.length, ...bytes];
+};
+exports.printBarcodeMSIAlt = printBarcodeMSIAlt;
+// ============================================================================
+// BARCODES - PLESSEY
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS k ETB d1 ... dn NUL - Print PLESSEY barcode
+ * Valid: 48-57 (0-9), 65-70 (A-F uppercase), 97-102 (a-f lowercase)
+ * Cannot mix uppercase and lowercase letters
+ * Checksum generated automatically
+ */
+const printBarcodePLESSEY = (data) => {
+    if (!/^[0-9A-F]+$/.test(data) && !/^[0-9a-f]+$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('PLESSEY supports: 0-9, A-F (or a-f, not mixed)');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, exports.ETB, ...bytes, exports.NUL];
+};
+exports.printBarcodePLESSEY = printBarcodePLESSEY;
+/**
+ * GS k 83h n d1 ... dn - Print PLESSEY barcode (alternate)
+ */
+const printBarcodePLESSEYAlt = (data) => {
+    if (!/^[0-9A-F]+$/.test(data) && !/^[0-9a-f]+$/.test(data)) {
+        throw new Error('PLESSEY supports: 0-9, A-F (or a-f, not mixed)');
+    }
+    const bytes = data.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+    return [exports.GS, 0x6B, 0x83, bytes.length, ...bytes];
+};
+exports.printBarcodePLESSEYAlt = printBarcodePLESSEYAlt;
+// ============================================================================
+// STATUS QUERIES
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * ENQ - Printer status enquiry
+ * Returns 1 byte with status bits:
+ *   Bit 0: 0=offline, 1=online
+ *   Bit 1: 0=paper present, 1=paper out
+ *   Bit 2: Drawer/paper status (depends on ESC b setting)
+ *   Bit 3: 0=print head raised, 1=print head down
+ *   Bit 4: 0=paper full, 1=paper near end
+ *   Bit 5: 0=command not executed, 1=command executed
+ *   Bits 6-7: Unused (always 0)
+ */
+exports.STATUS_ENQUIRY = [exports.ENQ];
+/**
+ * GS F8h 1 - Printer extended status enquiry
+ * Returns 5 status bytes with detailed printer information
+ */
+exports.EXTENDED_STATUS = [exports.GS, 0xF8, 0x31];
+// ============================================================================
+// BUFFER CONTROL
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * STX - Clear buffer
+ * Clears print buffer without restoring default printer conditions
+ */
+exports.CLEAR_BUFFER = [exports.STX];
+/**
+ * ETX - End buffer
+ * Printer remains in BUSY state until print buffer becomes empty
+ * DTR (RTS) remains deactivated while printing on serial interfaces
+ */
+exports.END_BUFFER = [exports.ETX];
+/**
+ * CAN - Cancel last line
+ * Clears last line sent to printer
+ * No action if data already dispatched to print head
+ */
+exports.CANCEL_LINE = [exports.CAN];
+/**
+ * DEL - Cancel last character
+ * Clears last character sent to printer
+ * No action if already dispatched to print head
+ */
+exports.CANCEL_CHAR = [exports.DEL];
+// ============================================================================
+// NETWORK CONFIGURATION - IP ADDRESS
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS F7h BS NUL " i1 i2 i3 i4 s1 s2 s3 s4 - Set IP address and subnet mask
+ * i1-i4: IP address octets
+ * s1-s4: Subnet mask octets
+ *
+ * Example: IP 10.10.1.2, Mask 255.255.0.0
+ * Command: 1D F7 08 00 22 0A 0A 01 02 FF FF 00 00
+ *
+ * Valid only for ethernet or wi-fi interface
+ */
+const setIPAddress = (ip, subnet) => {
+    return [exports.GS, 0xF7, 0x08, 0x00, 0x22, ...ip, ...subnet];
+};
+exports.setIPAddress = setIPAddress;
+/**
+ * GS F7h EOT NUL ' g1 g2 g3 g4 - Set default gateway IP address
+ * g1-g4: Gateway IP address octets
+ * Default: 0.0.0.0
+ *
+ * Example: Gateway 192.168.1.2
+ * Command: 1D F7 04 00 27 C0 A8 01 02
+ */
+const setGateway = (gateway) => {
+    return [exports.GS, 0xF7, 0x04, 0x00, 0x27, ...gateway];
+};
+exports.setGateway = setGateway;
+// ============================================================================
+// NETWORK CONFIGURATION - DHCP
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS F9h E n - Set DHCP usage
+ * LSB of n: 0 = DHCP disabled (default), 1 = DHCP enabled
+ * Saves to non-volatile memory
+ * Valid only for ethernet or wi-fi interface
+ */
+const enableDHCP = () => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x45, 0x01];
+exports.enableDHCP = enableDHCP;
+const disableDHCP = () => [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x45, 0x00];
+exports.disableDHCP = disableDHCP;
+// ============================================================================
+// NETWORK CONFIGURATION - SNMP
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS F9h S m ip1 ip2 ip3 ip4 n c1 ... cn - Set SNMP settings
+ * m: 0 = disabled, non-zero = enabled
+ * ip1-ip4: SNMP trap IP address
+ * n: Community name length (0-64)
+ * c1-cn: Community name bytes
+ *
+ * Valid only for ethernet or wi-fi interface
+ */
+const setSNMP = (enabled, ip, community) => {
+    const communityBytes = community.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0)).slice(0, 64);
+    return [exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x53, enabled ? 0x01 : 0x00, ...ip, communityBytes.length, ...communityBytes];
+};
+exports.setSNMP = setSNMP;
+// ============================================================================
+// NETWORK CONFIGURATION - WI-FI
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * GS F9h W a s c m n e1...em p1...pn - Set Wi-Fi settings
+ * a: Access mode (0=Access Point, 1=Ad-hoc)
+ * s: Security mode (0=None, 1=WEP 64-bit, 2=WEP 128-bit, 3=WPA-TKIP, 4=WPA2-AES)
+ * c: Channel (0-13, use 0 when a=0)
+ * m: ESSID size (0-32)
+ * n: Passphrase size (0-63)
+ * e1-em: ESSID bytes
+ * p1-pn: Passphrase bytes
+ *
+ * Valid only for wi-fi interface
+ */
+const setWiFi = (accessMode, securityMode, channel, essid, passphrase) => {
+    const essidBytes = essid.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0)).slice(0, 32);
+    const passphraseBytes = passphrase.split('').map(c => c.charCodeAt(0)).slice(0, 63);
+    const c = Math.max(0, Math.min(13, channel));
+    return [
+        exports.GS, 0xF9, 0x57,
+        accessMode,
+        securityMode,
+        c,
+        essidBytes.length,
+        passphraseBytes.length,
+        ...essidBytes,
+        ...passphraseBytes
+    ];
+};
+exports.setWiFi = setWiFi;
+// ============================================================================
+// UTILITY FUNCTIONS
+// ============================================================================
+/**
+ * Convert string to code page bytes
+ * Uses CP860 encoding by default (Portuguese)
+ */
+const encodeText = (text, codePage = CodePage.CP860) => {
+    // Basic ASCII conversion - full implementation would require proper code page mapping
+    return text.split('').map(c => {
+        const code = c.charCodeAt(0);
+        return code <= 127 ? code : 0x3F; // Replace non-ASCII with '?'
+    });
+};
+exports.encodeText = encodeText;
+/**
+ * Validate barcode data
+ */
+const validateBarcodeData = (data, type) => {
+    switch (type) {
+        case 'numeric':
+            return /^\d+$/.test(data);
+        case 'alphanumeric':
+            return /^[A-Z0-9\-. $%+/]+$/.test(data);
+        case 'all':
+            return data.split('').every(c => c.charCodeAt(0) <= 127);
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+};
+exports.validateBarcodeData = validateBarcodeData;