@thermal-label/brother-ql-core 0.2.1 → 0.3.0

package/dist/types.d.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { type LabelBitmap } from '@mbtech-nl/bitmap';
-import type { DeviceDescriptor, MediaDescriptor, PrinterStatus } from '@thermal-label/contracts';
+import type { LabelBitmap } from '@mbtech-nl/bitmap';
+import type { DeviceDescriptor, MediaDescriptor, PrintOptions, PrinterStatus } from '@thermal-label/contracts';
 export type MediaType = 'continuous' | 'die-cut';
 export type HeadWidth = 720 | 1296;
 export type ColorMode = 'single' | 'two-color';
@@ -35,13 +35,12 @@ export interface BrotherQLDevice extends DeviceDescriptor {
  * Brother QL media descriptor.
  *
  * Extends `MediaDescriptor` with the dots-based geometry the raster
- * encoder needs. `colorCapable: true` flips the driver into
- * two-colour mode — only DK-22251 has this set in the registry.
+ * encoder needs. The base `palette` field flips the driver into
+ * multi-plane mode — only DK-22251 declares one in the registry.
  */
 export interface BrotherQLMedia extends MediaDescriptor {
     id: number;
     type: MediaType;
-    colorCapable: boolean;
     printAreaDots: number;
     leftMarginPins: number;
     rightMarginPins: number;
@@ -72,4 +71,15 @@ export interface PageOptions {
 export interface JobOptions {
     copies?: number;
 }
+/**
+ * Per-call print options for `BrotherQLPrinter.print()`.
+ *
+ * Extends the cross-driver `PrintOptions` with QL-specific knobs. The
+ * `rotate` override picks the rotation angle passed to
+ * `renderImage` / `renderMultiPlaneImage` — `'auto'` (the default)
+ * defers to the media's `defaultOrientation` heuristic.
+ */
+export interface BrotherQLPrintOptions extends PrintOptions {
+    rotate?: 'auto' | 0 | 90 | 180 | 270;
+}
 //# sourceMappingURL=types.d.ts.map

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@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/types.js

@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-/* eslint-disable import-x/consistent-type-specifier-style */
-import {} from '@mbtech-nl/bitmap';
+export {};
 //# sourceMappingURL=types.js.map

package/dist/types.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"types.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../src/types.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":""}

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@thermal-label/brother-ql-core",
-  "version": "0.2.1",
+  "version": "0.3.0",
   "description": "Protocol encoding, device registry, and media registry for Brother QL label printers",
   "keywords": [
     "brother",
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@
     }
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@mbtech-nl/bitmap": "^0.1.0",
-    "@thermal-label/contracts": "^0.1.2"
+    "@mbtech-nl/bitmap": "^1.2.1",
+    "@thermal-label/contracts": "^0.2.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@mbtech-nl/tsconfig": "^1.0.0",

package/src/__tests__/media.test.ts

@@ -63,16 +63,38 @@ describe('Media registry invariants', () => {
     }
   });
 
-  it('only DK-22251 is colorCapable', () => {
+  it('only DK-22251 carries a multi-ink palette', () => {
     for (const m of Object.values(MEDIA)) {
       if (m.id === 251) {
-        expect(m.colorCapable).toBe(true);
+        expect(m.palette).toBeDefined();
+        const palette = m.palette!;
+        expect(palette).toHaveLength(2);
+        expect(palette[0]!.name).toBe('black');
+        expect(palette[1]!.name).toBe('red');
       } else {
-        expect(m.colorCapable).toBe(false);
+        expect(m.palette).toBeUndefined();
       }
     }
   });
 
+  it('rectangular die-cut entries declare defaultOrientation: horizontal', () => {
+    const rectangularDieCutIds = [269, 270, 370, 271, 272, 367, 374, 274, 275, 365, 366];
+    for (const id of rectangularDieCutIds) {
+      const m = MEDIA[id]!;
+      expect(m, `entry ${id.toString()}`).toBeDefined();
+      expect(m.defaultOrientation, `entry ${id.toString()}`).toBe('horizontal');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('round die-cut entries set cornerRadiusMm to widthMm / 2', () => {
+    const roundDieCutIds = [362, 363, 273];
+    for (const id of roundDieCutIds) {
+      const m = MEDIA[id]!;
+      expect(m, `entry ${id.toString()}`).toBeDefined();
+      expect(m.cornerRadiusMm, `entry ${id.toString()}`).toBe(m.widthMm / 2);
+    }
+  });
+
   it('all IDs are unique', () => {
     const ids = Object.values(MEDIA).map(m => m.id);
     const unique = new Set(ids);

package/src/__tests__/pack-bits.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { packBits } from '../pack-bits.js';
+
+// Reference TIFF PackBits decoder. Used to round-trip arbitrary inputs and
+// confirm the encoder emits a stream the canonical algorithm can decode.
+function unpackBits(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
+  const out: number[] = [];
+  let i = 0;
+  while (i < input.length) {
+    const header = input[i]!;
+    const signed = header > 127 ? header - 256 : header;
+    if (signed >= 0) {
+      const n = signed + 1;
+      for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) out.push(input[i + 1 + j]!);
+      i += 1 + n;
+    } else if (signed >= -127) {
+      const n = 1 - signed;
+      for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) out.push(input[i + 1]!);
+      i += 2;
+    } else {
+      i++; // signed === -128: no-op
+    }
+  }
+  return new Uint8Array(out);
+}
+
+describe('packBits', () => {
+  it('emits empty output for empty input', () => {
+    expect(packBits(new Uint8Array(0)).length).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('encodes a single byte as a 1-byte literal', () => {
+    expect(Array.from(packBits(new Uint8Array([0x42])))).toEqual([0x00, 0x42]);
+  });
+
+  it('encodes a 2-byte repeat as 2 wire bytes', () => {
+    // -(2-1) = -1 → 0xFF
+    expect(Array.from(packBits(new Uint8Array([0x42, 0x42])))).toEqual([0xff, 0x42]);
+  });
+
+  it('compresses an all-zero 90-byte row to 2 bytes (the common case)', () => {
+    const result = packBits(new Uint8Array(90));
+    // -(90-1) = -89 = 0xA7
+    expect(Array.from(result)).toEqual([0xa7, 0x00]);
+  });
+
+  it('caps repeat runs at 128 bytes — 130 zeros split into 128 + 2', () => {
+    const result = packBits(new Uint8Array(130));
+    // -(128-1) = -127 = 0x81; -(2-1) = -1 = 0xFF
+    expect(Array.from(result)).toEqual([0x81, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00]);
+  });
+
+  it('caps literal runs at 128 bytes', () => {
+    // 130 distinct bytes split into 128 + 2 literals.
+    const input = new Uint8Array(130);
+    for (let i = 0; i < 130; i++) input[i] = i & 0xff;
+    const result = packBits(input);
+    expect(result[0]).toBe(0x7f); // header for 128 literals
+    expect(result[129]).toBe(0x01); // header for 2 literals
+    expect(result.length).toBe(132);
+  });
+
+  it('mixes literal and repeat runs', () => {
+    // A A B C D D D E
+    const input = new Uint8Array([0x10, 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x50]);
+    expect(Array.from(packBits(input))).toEqual([
+      0xff,
+      0x10, // -1: 2 repeats of 0x10
+      0x01,
+      0x20,
+      0x30, // 1: 2 literals
+      0xfe,
+      0x40, // -2: 3 repeats of 0x40
+      0x00,
+      0x50, // 0: 1 literal
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('round-trips a label-like row (margins + bar + scattered) through the spec decoder', () => {
+    // Mimic a typical raster row: 12 zero-byte margin, 50 bytes of 0xFF
+    // (solid bar), 12 mixed bytes (text), 16 zero-byte trailing margin.
+    const original = new Uint8Array(90);
+    for (let i = 12; i < 62; i++) original[i] = 0xff;
+    for (let i = 62; i < 74; i++) original[i] = (i * 7) & 0xff;
+
+    const compressed = packBits(original);
+    const decoded = unpackBits(compressed);
+    expect(Array.from(decoded)).toEqual(Array.from(original));
+    // And it actually saves bytes — the whole point.
+    expect(compressed.length).toBeLessThan(original.length);
+  });
+});

package/src/__tests__/preview.test.ts

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ describe('createPreviewOffline', () => {
     expect(preview.assumed).toBe(false);
   });
 
-  it('returns black + red planes for colorCapable media (DK-22251)', () => {
+  it('returns black + red planes for multi-ink media (DK-22251)', () => {
     const image = solidRgba(8, 8, [255, 0, 0, 255]);
     const preview = createPreviewOffline(image, MEDIA[251]!);
     expect(preview.planes.map(p => p.name)).toEqual(['black', 'red']);

package/src/__tests__/protocol.test.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
   buildExpandedMode,
   encodeJob,
 } from '../protocol.js';
-import { type PageData } from '../types.js';
+import type { PageData } from '../types.js';
 import { MEDIA } from '../media.js';
 
 describe('buildInvalidate', () => {
@@ -170,6 +170,52 @@ describe('encodeJob', () => {
     }
     expect(found).toBe(true);
   });
+
+  it('compress option PackBits-encodes each raster row (LEN < uncompressed size)', () => {
+    // All-zero bitmap → every row is 90 zero bytes. PackBits collapses each
+    // row to 2 wire bytes (0xA7 0x00), so the LEN byte in the row header
+    // should be 2 instead of 90.
+    const page: PageData = { ...makePage(696, 3), options: { compress: true } };
+    const buf = encodeJob([page]);
+    // Find single-color row headers (0x67 0x00 LEN). With compression on,
+    // LEN should be 2 for each row, and the payload byte should be 0x00.
+    const rowHeaders: number[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < buf.length - 4; i++) {
+      if (buf[i] === 0x67 && buf[i + 1] === 0x00) {
+        // Skip the byte sequence inside the 200-byte invalidate block
+        // (which is also all zeros, so 0x67 won't appear there). Heuristic:
+        // verify the next byte after LEN is the PackBits header 0xA7.
+        if (buf[i + 2] === 2 && buf[i + 3] === 0xa7 && buf[i + 4] === 0x00) {
+          rowHeaders.push(i);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    expect(rowHeaders.length).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  it('compress option two-color: both planes PackBits-encoded per row', () => {
+    const bitmap = createBitmap(696, 2);
+    const redBitmap = createBitmap(696, 2);
+    const page: PageData = {
+      bitmap,
+      redBitmap,
+      media: media62,
+      options: { compress: true },
+    };
+    const buf = encodeJob([page]);
+    const blackRows: number[] = [];
+    const redRows: number[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < buf.length - 4; i++) {
+      // Each compressed row is [0x77 0x01|0x02 0x02 0xA7 0x00] for an empty
+      // 696-pin row (90 zero bytes → 2 PackBits bytes).
+      if (buf[i] === 0x77 && buf[i + 2] === 2 && buf[i + 3] === 0xa7 && buf[i + 4] === 0x00) {
+        if (buf[i + 1] === 0x01) blackRows.push(i);
+        if (buf[i + 1] === 0x02) redRows.push(i);
+      }
+    }
+    expect(blackRows.length).toBe(2);
+    expect(redRows.length).toBe(2);
+  });
 });
 
 describe('buildRasterMode', () => {

package/src/devices.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { type BrotherQLDevice } from './types.js';
+import type { BrotherQLDevice } from './types.js';
 
 const MASS_STORAGE_PIDS = new Set([0x20aa, 0x20ab]);
 

package/src/index.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
-export type { LabelBitmap, RawImageData } from '@mbtech-nl/bitmap';
-export { renderText, renderImage, rotateBitmap, flipHorizontal } from '@mbtech-nl/bitmap';
+export type { LabelBitmap, PaletteEntry, RawImageData } from '@mbtech-nl/bitmap';
+export {
+  flipHorizontal,
+  renderImage,
+  renderMultiPlaneImage,
+  renderText,
+  rotateBitmap,
+} from '@mbtech-nl/bitmap';
 
 export type {
   DeviceDescriptor,
@@ -11,11 +17,16 @@ export type {
   PrinterAdapter,
   PrinterError,
   PrinterStatus,
+  RotateDirection,
   Transport,
   TransportType,
 } from '@thermal-label/contracts';
 
-export { MediaNotSpecifiedError, UnsupportedOperationError } from '@thermal-label/contracts';
+export {
+  MediaNotSpecifiedError,
+  pickRotation,
+  UnsupportedOperationError,
+} from '@thermal-label/contracts';
 
 export { DEVICES, findDevice, isMassStorageMode } from './devices.js';
 export {
@@ -25,14 +36,15 @@ export {
   findMediaByDimensions,
   findMediaByWidth,
 } from './media.js';
+export { ROTATE_DIRECTION } from './orientation.js';
 export { encodeJob } from './protocol.js';
 export { parseStatus, STATUS_REQUEST } from './status.js';
-export { isRedish, splitTwoColor, type TwoColorOptions, type TwoColorResult } from './colour.js';
 export { createPreviewOffline } from './preview.js';
 
 export type {
   BrotherQLDevice,
   BrotherQLMedia,
+  BrotherQLPrintOptions,
   BrotherQLStatus,
   ColorMode,
   HeadWidth,

package/src/media.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,26 @@
-import { type BrotherQLMedia, type MediaType } from './types.js';
+import type { BrotherQLMedia, MediaType } from './types.js';
 
 /**
  * Registry of supported Brother QL consumables.
  *
  * Entries are keyed by the firmware media id — the same number the
- * printer reports in the 32-byte status response. `heightMm` is
- * omitted for continuous media (variable length) and set for die-cut
- * labels (fixed length). Only DK-22251 has `colorCapable: true` — the
- * driver uses that to run two-colour plane separation before sending
- * the raster.
+ * printer reports in the 32-byte status response. `heightMm` is omitted
+ * for continuous media (variable length) and set for die-cut labels
+ * (fixed length).
+ *
+ * `palette` is set on multi-ink media (DK-22251, today's only entry) —
+ * the driver routes those through `renderMultiPlaneImage` and emits the
+ * second plane in the raster job. Single-ink rolls leave it undefined
+ * and route through `renderImage` (dithered single-plane).
+ *
+ * Rectangular die-cut entries declare `defaultOrientation: 'horizontal'`
+ * so landscape input auto-rotates to read along the tape feed direction.
+ * Continuous wide tape leaves the hint undefined — users may go either
+ * way.
+ *
+ * `cornerRadiusMm` is informational; previews use it to render the
+ * actual paper outline. Round die-cut labels set the radius to
+ * `widthMm / 2` so the rounded rectangle degenerates to a circle.
  */
 export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
   // Continuous length tape
@@ -17,7 +29,6 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     name: '12mm continuous',
     type: 'continuous',
     widthMm: 12,
-    colorCapable: false,
     printAreaDots: 106,
     leftMarginPins: 585,
     rightMarginPins: 29,
@@ -27,7 +38,6 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     name: '29mm continuous (DK-22210)',
     type: 'continuous',
     widthMm: 29,
-    colorCapable: false,
     printAreaDots: 306,
     leftMarginPins: 408,
     rightMarginPins: 6,
@@ -37,7 +47,6 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     name: '38mm continuous (DK-22225)',
     type: 'continuous',
     widthMm: 38,
-    colorCapable: false,
     printAreaDots: 413,
     leftMarginPins: 295,
     rightMarginPins: 12,
@@ -47,7 +56,6 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     name: '50mm continuous (DK-22246)',
     type: 'continuous',
     widthMm: 50,
-    colorCapable: false,
     printAreaDots: 554,
     leftMarginPins: 154,
     rightMarginPins: 12,
@@ -57,7 +65,6 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     name: '54mm continuous (DK-22214)',
     type: 'continuous',
     widthMm: 54,
-    colorCapable: false,
     printAreaDots: 590,
     leftMarginPins: 130,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -67,7 +74,6 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     name: '62mm continuous (DK-22205)',
     type: 'continuous',
     widthMm: 62,
-    colorCapable: false,
     printAreaDots: 696,
     leftMarginPins: 12,
     rightMarginPins: 12,
@@ -77,7 +83,10 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     name: '62mm continuous two-color (DK-22251)',
     type: 'continuous',
     widthMm: 62,
-    colorCapable: true,
+    palette: [
+      { name: 'black', rgb: [0, 0, 0] },
+      { name: 'red', rgb: [255, 0, 0] },
+    ],
     printAreaDots: 696,
     leftMarginPins: 12,
     rightMarginPins: 12,
@@ -87,7 +96,6 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     name: '102mm continuous (DK-22243)',
     type: 'continuous',
     widthMm: 102,
-    colorCapable: false,
     printAreaDots: 1164,
     leftMarginPins: 76,
     rightMarginPins: 56,
@@ -100,7 +108,8 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 17,
     heightMm: 54,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    defaultOrientation: 'horizontal',
+    cornerRadiusMm: 3,
     printAreaDots: 165,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -112,7 +121,8 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 17,
     heightMm: 87,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    defaultOrientation: 'horizontal',
+    cornerRadiusMm: 3,
     printAreaDots: 165,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -124,7 +134,8 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 23,
     heightMm: 23,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    defaultOrientation: 'horizontal',
+    cornerRadiusMm: 3,
     printAreaDots: 236,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -136,7 +147,8 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 29,
     heightMm: 90,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    defaultOrientation: 'horizontal',
+    cornerRadiusMm: 3,
     printAreaDots: 306,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -148,7 +160,8 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 38,
     heightMm: 90,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    defaultOrientation: 'horizontal',
+    cornerRadiusMm: 3,
     printAreaDots: 413,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -160,7 +173,8 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 39,
     heightMm: 48,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    defaultOrientation: 'horizontal',
+    cornerRadiusMm: 3,
     printAreaDots: 425,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -172,7 +186,8 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 52,
     heightMm: 29,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    defaultOrientation: 'horizontal',
+    cornerRadiusMm: 3,
     printAreaDots: 578,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -184,7 +199,8 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 62,
     heightMm: 29,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    defaultOrientation: 'horizontal',
+    cornerRadiusMm: 3,
     printAreaDots: 696,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -196,7 +212,8 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 62,
     heightMm: 100,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    defaultOrientation: 'horizontal',
+    cornerRadiusMm: 3,
     printAreaDots: 696,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -208,7 +225,8 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 102,
     heightMm: 51,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    defaultOrientation: 'horizontal',
+    cornerRadiusMm: 3,
     printAreaDots: 1164,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -220,7 +238,8 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 102,
     heightMm: 152,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    defaultOrientation: 'horizontal',
+    cornerRadiusMm: 3,
     printAreaDots: 1164,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -232,7 +251,7 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 12,
     heightMm: 12,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    cornerRadiusMm: 6,
     printAreaDots: 94,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -244,7 +263,7 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 24,
     heightMm: 24,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    cornerRadiusMm: 12,
     printAreaDots: 236,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -256,7 +275,7 @@ export const MEDIA: Record<number, BrotherQLMedia> = {
     type: 'die-cut',
     widthMm: 58,
     heightMm: 58,
-    colorCapable: false,
+    cornerRadiusMm: 29,
     printAreaDots: 618,
     leftMarginPins: 0,
     rightMarginPins: 0,
@@ -300,7 +319,7 @@ export function findMediaByDimensions(
       m => m.type === 'continuous' && m.widthMm === widthMm,
     );
     if (continuousMatches.length === 0) return undefined;
-    const preferred = continuousMatches.find(m => m.colorCapable === twoColorMode);
+    const preferred = continuousMatches.find(m => (m.palette !== undefined) === twoColorMode);
     return preferred ?? continuousMatches[0];
   }
   return Object.values(MEDIA).find(

package/src/orientation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import type { RotateDirection } from '@thermal-label/contracts';
+
+/**
+ * Direction the Brother QL print head rotates landscape input.
+ *
+ * `90` = clockwise. Verified once on hardware with a die-cut "F"
+ * landscape print (see plan §6 step 1). Identical across every QL
+ * model — this is a print-head/leading-edge mechanical fact, not a
+ * per-media setting.
+ */
+export const ROTATE_DIRECTION: RotateDirection = 90;

package/src/pack-bits.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion --
+ *   `noUncheckedIndexedAccess` types Uint8Array reads as `number | undefined`
+ *   but every index in this file is bounded by `i < input.length` or
+ *   `runEnd < input.length` checks. The `!` assertions collapse the
+ *   unreachable `undefined` branches so branch coverage doesn't count them.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * TIFF-style PackBits row encoder used by Brother QL when compression
+ * mode (`M 02`, emitted by `buildCompression(true)`) is enabled for a job.
+ *
+ * Header byte `n` (interpreted as a signed int8):
+ *   n in [0, 127]:    literal run — the next `n + 1` bytes follow verbatim.
+ *   n in [-127, -1]:  repeat run — the next byte is repeated `1 - n` times.
+ *   n = -128:         no-op. Unused by this encoder.
+ *
+ * The encoder switches to repeat mode for runs of two or more identical
+ * bytes (a 2-byte repeat costs 2 wire bytes; the equivalent 2-byte literal
+ * would cost 3). Both run kinds are capped at 128 bytes to fit the header.
+ *
+ * For a typical Brother QL raster row (90 bytes, mostly zeros in margins
+ * and long runs of `0x00` / `0xff` in print area), this compresses to 5–15
+ * bytes — a 6–18× reduction. Worst-case for highly random input is one
+ * extra byte per 128 (the literal-mode header), i.e. < 1 % expansion.
+ */
+export function packBits(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
+  if (input.length === 0) return new Uint8Array(0);
+
+  const out: number[] = [];
+  let i = 0;
+
+  while (i < input.length) {
+    // How many identical bytes start at position i (cap at 128).
+    let runEnd = i + 1;
+    while (runEnd < input.length && runEnd - i < 128 && input[runEnd] === input[i]) {
+      runEnd++;
+    }
+    const runLen = runEnd - i;
+
+    if (runLen >= 2) {
+      // Repeat run: header is signed -(runLen - 1).
+      out.push((1 - runLen) & 0xff);
+      out.push(input[i]!);
+      i = runEnd;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise emit a literal run. Stop at 128 bytes, or right before a
+    // 2+ repeat run starts (cheaper to encode that separately).
+    let litEnd = i + 1;
+    while (litEnd < input.length && litEnd - i < 128) {
+      if (litEnd + 1 < input.length && input[litEnd] === input[litEnd + 1]) {
+        break;
+      }
+      litEnd++;
+    }
+    const litLen = litEnd - i;
+    out.push(litLen - 1);
+    for (let x = i; x < litEnd; x++) out.push(input[x]!);
+    i = litEnd;
+  }
+
+  return new Uint8Array(out);
+}