@theia/terminal 1.76.0-next.7 → 1.77.0-next.0

package/lib/browser-only/browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.d.ts

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+import { MessageService } from '@theia/core/lib/common/message-service';
+import { ApplicationShell } from '@theia/core/lib/browser';
+import URI from '@theia/core/lib/common/uri';
+import { TerminalFrontendContribution } from '../browser/terminal-frontend-contribution';
+import { TerminalWidgetOptions, TerminalWidget } from '../browser/base/terminal-widget';
+import { TerminalProfile } from '../browser/terminal-profile-service';
+/**
+ * A browser-only application has no backend to run a shell in, so it can't open terminals.
+ *
+ * `TerminalService`, `FrontendApplicationContribution`, `CommandContribution` and the other
+ * contribution points in `terminal-frontend-module.ts` are all bound with
+ * `toService(TerminalFrontendContribution)`, which resolves the token lazily on every lookup.
+ * Rebinding `TerminalFrontendContribution` itself - instead of only `TerminalService` - therefore
+ * redirects every one of those paths (UI commands, terminal profiles, and the `TerminalService`
+ * token used by plugins/tasks/debug) through this subclass, rather than just the minority of
+ * callers that happen to inject `TerminalService` directly.
+ */
+export declare class BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution extends TerminalFrontendContribution {
+    protected readonly messageService: MessageService;
+    initializeLayout(): Promise<void>;
+    newTerminal(options: TerminalWidgetOptions): Promise<TerminalWidget>;
+    getDefaultShell(): Promise<string>;
+    openInTerminal(uri: URI): Promise<void>;
+    protected openTerminal(options?: ApplicationShell.WidgetOptions, terminalProfile?: TerminalProfile): Promise<void>;
+    protected openActiveWorkspaceTerminal(options?: ApplicationShell.WidgetOptions): Promise<void>;
+    protected showNotSupportedMessage(): void;
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.d.ts.map

package/lib/browser-only/browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.d.ts.map

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package/lib/browser-only/browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.js

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"use strict";
+// *****************************************************************************
+// Copyright (C) 2026 Robert Jandow
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
+//
+// This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
+// Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the Eclipse
+// Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License, version 2
+// with the GNU Classpath Exception which is available at
+// https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-only WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
+// *****************************************************************************
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution = void 0;
+const tslib_1 = require("tslib");
+const inversify_1 = require("@theia/core/shared/inversify");
+const message_service_1 = require("@theia/core/lib/common/message-service");
+const nls_1 = require("@theia/core/lib/common/nls");
+const terminal_frontend_contribution_1 = require("../browser/terminal-frontend-contribution");
+/**
+ * A browser-only application has no backend to run a shell in, so it can't open terminals.
+ *
+ * `TerminalService`, `FrontendApplicationContribution`, `CommandContribution` and the other
+ * contribution points in `terminal-frontend-module.ts` are all bound with
+ * `toService(TerminalFrontendContribution)`, which resolves the token lazily on every lookup.
+ * Rebinding `TerminalFrontendContribution` itself - instead of only `TerminalService` - therefore
+ * redirects every one of those paths (UI commands, terminal profiles, and the `TerminalService`
+ * token used by plugins/tasks/debug) through this subclass, rather than just the minority of
+ * callers that happen to inject `TerminalService` directly.
+ */
+let BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution = class BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution extends terminal_frontend_contribution_1.TerminalFrontendContribution {
+    // There is no backend to restore or create a terminal for at startup, so skip it silently
+    // instead of letting the base implementation fail and log an error on every launch.
+    async initializeLayout() {
+        // no terminal to restore in a browser-only application
+    }
+    // Callers that inject the `TerminalService` token programmatically (the VS Code
+    // `window.createTerminal` API, tasks, debug sessions, AI terminal functions, ...) need a
+    // rejected promise so they can handle the failure themselves. This message is not localized
+    // since it is meant for those programmatic callers, not shown to the user directly.
+    async newTerminal(options) {
+        throw new Error('Terminals are not supported in a browser-only application.');
+    }
+    // The plugin host queries the default shell on startup; report none available instead of
+    // rejecting so that query doesn't fail plugin activation.
+    async getDefaultShell() {
+        return '';
+    }
+    async openInTerminal(uri) {
+        this.showNotSupportedMessage();
+    }
+    async openTerminal(options, terminalProfile) {
+        this.showNotSupportedMessage();
+    }
+    async openActiveWorkspaceTerminal(options) {
+        this.showNotSupportedMessage();
+    }
+    showNotSupportedMessage() {
+        this.messageService.error(nls_1.nls.localize('theia/terminal/notSupportedInBrowserOnly', 'Terminals are not supported in a browser-only application.'));
+    }
+};
+exports.BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution = BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution;
+tslib_1.__decorate([
+    (0, inversify_1.inject)(message_service_1.MessageService),
+    tslib_1.__metadata("design:type", message_service_1.MessageService)
+], BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution.prototype, "messageService", void 0);
+exports.BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution = BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution = tslib_1.__decorate([
+    (0, inversify_1.injectable)()
+], BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution);
+//# sourceMappingURL=browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.js.map

package/lib/browser-only/browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.js.map

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package/lib/browser-only/browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.spec.d.ts

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+export {};
+//# sourceMappingURL=browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.spec.d.ts.map

package/lib/browser-only/browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.spec.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.spec.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/browser-only/browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.spec.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":""}

package/lib/browser-only/browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.spec.js

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"use strict";
+// *****************************************************************************
+// Copyright (C) 2026 Robert Jandow
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
+//
+// This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
+// Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the Eclipse
+// Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License, version 2
+// with the GNU Classpath Exception which is available at
+// https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-only WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
+// *****************************************************************************
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const jsdom_1 = require("@theia/core/lib/browser/test/jsdom");
+// `ApplicationShell`, `ConfirmDialog` and `FileService` transitively import browser modules
+// that touch `document` at load time.
+const disableJSDOM = (0, jsdom_1.enableJSDOM)();
+const frontend_application_config_provider_1 = require("@theia/core/lib/browser/frontend-application-config-provider");
+// `WorkspaceService` transitively reads the frontend application config at module load time.
+frontend_application_config_provider_1.FrontendApplicationConfigProvider.set({});
+// `xterm` probes for a canvas 2d context when it is loaded, which JSDOM does not implement and
+// loudly reports. Nothing under test renders, so an inert stub is enough to keep the output clean.
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+window.HTMLCanvasElement.prototype.getContext = () => undefined;
+const chai_1 = require("chai");
+const inversify_1 = require("@theia/core/shared/inversify");
+const core_1 = require("@theia/core");
+const browser_1 = require("@theia/core/lib/browser");
+const clipboard_service_1 = require("@theia/core/lib/browser/clipboard-service");
+const context_key_service_1 = require("@theia/core/lib/browser/context-key-service");
+const common_1 = require("@theia/core/lib/common");
+const mock_logger_1 = require("@theia/core/lib/common/test/mock-logger");
+const file_service_1 = require("@theia/filesystem/lib/browser/file-service");
+const browser_2 = require("@theia/workspace/lib/browser");
+const browser_3 = require("@theia/variable-resolver/lib/browser");
+const terminal_service_1 = require("../browser/base/terminal-service");
+const terminal_frontend_contribution_1 = require("../browser/terminal-frontend-contribution");
+const terminal_watcher_1 = require("../common/terminal-watcher");
+const shell_terminal_protocol_1 = require("../common/shell-terminal-protocol");
+const terminal_preferences_1 = require("../common/terminal-preferences");
+const terminal_copy_on_selection_handler_1 = require("../browser/terminal-copy-on-selection-handler");
+const terminal_creation_handler_1 = require("../browser/terminal-creation-handler");
+const terminal_profile_service_1 = require("../browser/terminal-profile-service");
+const browser_only_terminal_frontend_contribution_1 = require("./browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution");
+disableJSDOM();
+/**
+ * `TerminalFrontendContribution` (and hence its browser-only subclass) has many injected
+ * dependencies, most of which are never touched by the browser-only overrides under test here.
+ * Only `@postConstruct() init()` reaches into a handful of them (`shell`, `widgetManager`,
+ * `contextKeyService`, `terminalWatcher`) - those get working fakes, everything else gets an
+ * inert placeholder just to satisfy the injector.
+ */
+function bindTerminalTestDependencies(container, onError = () => { }) {
+    const inert = () => ({});
+    container.bind(browser_1.ApplicationShell).toConstantValue({
+        activeWidget: undefined,
+        onDidChangeCurrentWidget: core_1.Event.None,
+        onDidChangeActiveWidget: core_1.Event.None
+    });
+    container.bind(browser_1.WidgetManager).toConstantValue({ onDidCreateWidget: core_1.Event.None });
+    container.bind(context_key_service_1.ContextKeyService).toConstantValue({ createKey: () => ({ set: () => { } }) });
+    container.bind(terminal_watcher_1.TerminalWatcher).toConstantValue({
+        onStoreTerminalEnvVariablesRequested: core_1.Event.None,
+        onUpdateTerminalEnvVariablesRequested: core_1.Event.None
+    });
+    container.bind(core_1.MessageService).toConstantValue({
+        error: (message) => { onError(message); return Promise.resolve(undefined); }
+    });
+    container.bind(core_1.ILogger).toConstantValue(new mock_logger_1.MockLogger());
+    container.bind(core_1.ContributionProvider).toConstantValue({ getContributions: () => [] }).whenTargetNamed(terminal_creation_handler_1.TerminalCreationHandler);
+    container.bind(shell_terminal_protocol_1.ShellTerminalServerProxy).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(file_service_1.FileService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(core_1.SelectionService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(browser_1.LabelProvider).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(browser_2.WorkspaceService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(terminal_profile_service_1.TerminalProfileService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(terminal_profile_service_1.UserTerminalProfileStore).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(terminal_profile_service_1.ContributedTerminalProfileStore).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(browser_3.VariableResolverService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(browser_1.StorageService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(common_1.PreferenceService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(terminal_preferences_1.TerminalPreferences).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(terminal_copy_on_selection_handler_1.TerminalCopyOnSelectionHandler).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(clipboard_service_1.ClipboardService).toConstantValue(inert());
+}
+describe('BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution', () => {
+    /** Records every message reported through `MessageService.error`. */
+    let errorMessages;
+    let contribution;
+    beforeEach(() => {
+        errorMessages = [];
+        const container = new inversify_1.Container();
+        container.bind(browser_only_terminal_frontend_contribution_1.BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution).toSelf().inSingletonScope();
+        container.bind(terminal_service_1.TerminalService).toService(browser_only_terminal_frontend_contribution_1.BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution);
+        bindTerminalTestDependencies(container, message => errorMessages.push(message));
+        contribution = container.get(browser_only_terminal_frontend_contribution_1.BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution);
+    });
+    it('rejects programmatic terminal creation instead of returning a dead widget', async () => {
+        try {
+            await contribution.newTerminal({});
+            chai_1.expect.fail('newTerminal() should have rejected');
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            (0, chai_1.expect)(error.message).to.equal('Terminals are not supported in a browser-only application.');
+        }
+    });
+    it('resolves the default shell to an empty string without touching the (nonexistent) backend', async () => {
+        // `shellTerminalServer` is bound to an inert placeholder above: reaching for it would throw.
+        const shell = await contribution.getDefaultShell();
+        (0, chai_1.expect)(shell).to.equal('');
+    });
+    it('reports the limitation and creates no widget when opening a terminal from the UI', async () => {
+        // `openTerminal` is the entry point for the "Create New Terminal" command and the
+        // profile quick-pick; `widgetManager` is left as an inert placeholder above, so a
+        // widget-creating code path would throw here rather than quietly succeed.
+        await contribution.openTerminal();
+        (0, chai_1.expect)(errorMessages).to.deep.equal(['Terminals are not supported in a browser-only application.']);
+    });
+    it('reports the limitation when opening a terminal for the active workspace', async () => {
+        await contribution.openActiveWorkspaceTerminal();
+        (0, chai_1.expect)(errorMessages).to.deep.equal(['Terminals are not supported in a browser-only application.']);
+    });
+    it('reports the limitation when opening a terminal from a file/folder context menu', async () => {
+        await contribution.openInTerminal({ toString: () => 'file:///workspace' });
+        (0, chai_1.expect)(errorMessages).to.deep.equal(['Terminals are not supported in a browser-only application.']);
+    });
+    it('does not attempt to create or restore a terminal at startup', async () => {
+        // The base implementation calls `newTerminal` and logs an error when it fails; the
+        // browser-only override must skip that attempt entirely so no such error is logged.
+        await contribution.initializeLayout();
+        (0, chai_1.expect)(errorMessages).to.be.empty;
+    });
+    it('rebinding TerminalFrontendContribution redirects every toService(TerminalFrontendContribution) binding', () => {
+        // Mirrors how `terminal-frontend-module.ts` binds `TerminalService` and other contribution
+        // points via `toService(TerminalFrontendContribution)`, and how `terminal-frontend-only-module.ts`
+        // rebinds `TerminalFrontendContribution` itself so that every one of those lazily-resolved
+        // bindings is redirected to the browser-only implementation - not just `TerminalService`.
+        const module = new inversify_1.ContainerModule((bind, unbind, isBound, rebind) => {
+            bind(terminal_frontend_contribution_1.TerminalFrontendContribution).toSelf().inSingletonScope();
+            bind(terminal_service_1.TerminalService).toService(terminal_frontend_contribution_1.TerminalFrontendContribution);
+        });
+        const browserOnlyModule = new inversify_1.ContainerModule((bind, unbind, isBound, rebind) => {
+            rebind(terminal_frontend_contribution_1.TerminalFrontendContribution).to(browser_only_terminal_frontend_contribution_1.BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution).inSingletonScope();
+        });
+        const container = new inversify_1.Container();
+        container.load(module);
+        bindTerminalTestDependencies(container);
+        // simulates `terminal-frontend-only-module.ts` loading after `terminal-frontend-module.ts`
+        container.load(browserOnlyModule);
+        const resolved = container.get(terminal_service_1.TerminalService);
+        (0, chai_1.expect)(resolved).to.be.instanceOf(browser_only_terminal_frontend_contribution_1.BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution);
+    });
+});
+//# sourceMappingURL=browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.spec.js.map

package/lib/browser-only/browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.spec.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/lib/browser-only/terminal-frontend-only-module.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import { ContainerModule } from '@theia/core/shared/inversify';
+declare const _default: ContainerModule;
+export default _default;
+//# sourceMappingURL=terminal-frontend-only-module.d.ts.map

package/lib/browser-only/terminal-frontend-only-module.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"terminal-frontend-only-module.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/browser-only/terminal-frontend-only-module.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAgBA,OAAO,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,MAAM,8BAA8B,CAAC;;AAI/D,wBAEG"}

package/lib/browser-only/terminal-frontend-only-module.js

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"use strict";
+// *****************************************************************************
+// Copyright (C) 2026 Robert Jandow
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
+//
+// This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
+// Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the Eclipse
+// Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License, version 2
+// with the GNU Classpath Exception which is available at
+// https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-only WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
+// *****************************************************************************
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const inversify_1 = require("@theia/core/shared/inversify");
+const browser_only_terminal_frontend_contribution_1 = require("./browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution");
+const terminal_frontend_contribution_1 = require("../browser/terminal-frontend-contribution");
+exports.default = new inversify_1.ContainerModule((bind, unbind, isBound, rebind) => {
+    rebind(terminal_frontend_contribution_1.TerminalFrontendContribution).to(browser_only_terminal_frontend_contribution_1.BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution).inSingletonScope();
+});
+//# sourceMappingURL=terminal-frontend-only-module.js.map

package/lib/browser-only/terminal-frontend-only-module.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"terminal-frontend-only-module.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/browser-only/terminal-frontend-only-module.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":";AAAA,gFAAgF;AAChF,mCAAmC;AACnC,EAAE;AACF,2EAA2E;AAC3E,mEAAmE;AACnE,wCAAwC;AACxC,EAAE;AACF,4EAA4E;AAC5E,8EAA8E;AAC9E,6EAA6E;AAC7E,yDAAyD;AACzD,uDAAuD;AACvD,EAAE;AACF,gFAAgF;AAChF,gFAAgF;;AAEhF,4DAA+D;AAC/D,+GAAwG;AACxG,8FAAyF;AAEzF,kBAAe,IAAI,2BAAe,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,EAAE;IACjE,MAAM,CAAC,6DAA4B,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,qFAAuC,CAAC,CAAC,gBAAgB,EAAE,CAAC;AACxG,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC"}

package/package.json

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 {
   "name": "@theia/terminal",
-  "version": "1.76.0-next.7+7c303b183",
+  "version": "1.77.0-next.0+d8106d7ff",
   "description": "Theia - Terminal Extension",
   "dependencies": {
-    "@theia/core": "1.76.0-next.7+7c303b183",
-    "@theia/editor": "1.76.0-next.7+7c303b183",
-    "@theia/file-search": "1.76.0-next.7+7c303b183",
-    "@theia/filesystem": "1.76.0-next.7+7c303b183",
-    "@theia/process": "1.76.0-next.7+7c303b183",
-    "@theia/variable-resolver": "1.76.0-next.7+7c303b183",
-    "@theia/workspace": "1.76.0-next.7+7c303b183",
+    "@theia/core": "1.77.0-next.0+d8106d7ff",
+    "@theia/editor": "1.77.0-next.0+d8106d7ff",
+    "@theia/file-search": "1.77.0-next.0+d8106d7ff",
+    "@theia/filesystem": "1.77.0-next.0+d8106d7ff",
+    "@theia/process": "1.77.0-next.0+d8106d7ff",
+    "@theia/variable-resolver": "1.77.0-next.0+d8106d7ff",
+    "@theia/workspace": "1.77.0-next.0+d8106d7ff",
     "tslib": "^2.8.1",
     "xterm": "^5.3.0",
     "xterm-addon-fit": "^0.8.0",
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
       "frontend": "lib/browser/terminal-frontend-module",
       "secondaryWindow": "lib/browser/terminal-frontend-module",
       "backend": "lib/node/terminal-backend-module"
+    },
+    {
+      "frontendOnly": "lib/browser-only/terminal-frontend-only-module"
     }
   ],
   "keywords": [
@@ -51,10 +54,10 @@
     "watch": "theiaext watch"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@theia/ext-scripts": "1.75.0"
+    "@theia/ext-scripts": "1.76.0"
   },
   "nyc": {
     "extends": "../../configs/nyc.json"
   },
-  "gitHead": "7c303b1836421183d7013f0bd679a9a30ff0b5dc"
+  "gitHead": "d8106d7ffa62b3413ff1ca5b63a0e6c2fe0b0649"
 }

package/src/browser-only/browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// *****************************************************************************
+// Copyright (C) 2026 Robert Jandow
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
+//
+// This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
+// Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the Eclipse
+// Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License, version 2
+// with the GNU Classpath Exception which is available at
+// https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-only WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
+// *****************************************************************************
+
+import { enableJSDOM } from '@theia/core/lib/browser/test/jsdom';
+// `ApplicationShell`, `ConfirmDialog` and `FileService` transitively import browser modules
+// that touch `document` at load time.
+const disableJSDOM = enableJSDOM();
+
+import { FrontendApplicationConfigProvider } from '@theia/core/lib/browser/frontend-application-config-provider';
+// `WorkspaceService` transitively reads the frontend application config at module load time.
+FrontendApplicationConfigProvider.set({});
+
+// `xterm` probes for a canvas 2d context when it is loaded, which JSDOM does not implement and
+// loudly reports. Nothing under test renders, so an inert stub is enough to keep the output clean.
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+(window.HTMLCanvasElement.prototype as any).getContext = () => undefined;
+
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+import { Container, ContainerModule } from '@theia/core/shared/inversify';
+import { ContributionProvider, Event, ILogger, MessageService, SelectionService } from '@theia/core';
+import { ApplicationShell, LabelProvider, StorageService, WidgetManager } from '@theia/core/lib/browser';
+import { ClipboardService } from '@theia/core/lib/browser/clipboard-service';
+import { ContextKeyService } from '@theia/core/lib/browser/context-key-service';
+import { PreferenceService } from '@theia/core/lib/common';
+import { MockLogger } from '@theia/core/lib/common/test/mock-logger';
+import { FileService } from '@theia/filesystem/lib/browser/file-service';
+import { WorkspaceService } from '@theia/workspace/lib/browser';
+import { VariableResolverService } from '@theia/variable-resolver/lib/browser';
+import { TerminalService } from '../browser/base/terminal-service';
+import { TerminalFrontendContribution } from '../browser/terminal-frontend-contribution';
+import { TerminalWatcher } from '../common/terminal-watcher';
+import { ShellTerminalServerProxy } from '../common/shell-terminal-protocol';
+import { TerminalPreferences } from '../common/terminal-preferences';
+import { TerminalCopyOnSelectionHandler } from '../browser/terminal-copy-on-selection-handler';
+import { TerminalCreationHandler } from '../browser/terminal-creation-handler';
+import { ContributedTerminalProfileStore, TerminalProfileService, UserTerminalProfileStore } from '../browser/terminal-profile-service';
+import { BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution } from './browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution';
+
+disableJSDOM();
+
+/**
+ * `TerminalFrontendContribution` (and hence its browser-only subclass) has many injected
+ * dependencies, most of which are never touched by the browser-only overrides under test here.
+ * Only `@postConstruct() init()` reaches into a handful of them (`shell`, `widgetManager`,
+ * `contextKeyService`, `terminalWatcher`) - those get working fakes, everything else gets an
+ * inert placeholder just to satisfy the injector.
+ */
+function bindTerminalTestDependencies(container: Container, onError: (message: string) => void = () => { /* no-op */ }): void {
+    const inert = <T>(): T => ({} as unknown as T);
+
+    container.bind(ApplicationShell).toConstantValue({
+        activeWidget: undefined,
+        onDidChangeCurrentWidget: Event.None,
+        onDidChangeActiveWidget: Event.None
+    } as unknown as ApplicationShell);
+    container.bind(WidgetManager).toConstantValue({ onDidCreateWidget: Event.None } as unknown as WidgetManager);
+    container.bind(ContextKeyService).toConstantValue({ createKey: () => ({ set: () => { /* no-op */ } }) } as unknown as ContextKeyService);
+    container.bind(TerminalWatcher).toConstantValue({
+        onStoreTerminalEnvVariablesRequested: Event.None,
+        onUpdateTerminalEnvVariablesRequested: Event.None
+    } as unknown as TerminalWatcher);
+    container.bind(MessageService).toConstantValue({
+        error: (message: string) => { onError(message); return Promise.resolve(undefined); }
+    } as unknown as MessageService);
+    container.bind(ILogger).toConstantValue(new MockLogger() as unknown as ILogger);
+    container.bind(ContributionProvider).toConstantValue({ getContributions: () => [] }).whenTargetNamed(TerminalCreationHandler);
+
+    container.bind(ShellTerminalServerProxy).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(FileService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(SelectionService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(LabelProvider).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(WorkspaceService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(TerminalProfileService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(UserTerminalProfileStore).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(ContributedTerminalProfileStore).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(VariableResolverService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(StorageService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(PreferenceService).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(TerminalPreferences).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(TerminalCopyOnSelectionHandler).toConstantValue(inert());
+    container.bind(ClipboardService).toConstantValue(inert());
+}
+
+describe('BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution', () => {
+
+    /** Records every message reported through `MessageService.error`. */
+    let errorMessages: string[];
+
+    let contribution: BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+        errorMessages = [];
+
+        const container = new Container();
+        container.bind(BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution).toSelf().inSingletonScope();
+        container.bind(TerminalService).toService(BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution);
+        bindTerminalTestDependencies(container, message => errorMessages.push(message));
+
+        contribution = container.get(BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution);
+    });
+
+    it('rejects programmatic terminal creation instead of returning a dead widget', async () => {
+        try {
+            await contribution.newTerminal({});
+            expect.fail('newTerminal() should have rejected');
+        } catch (error) {
+            expect((error as Error).message).to.equal('Terminals are not supported in a browser-only application.');
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('resolves the default shell to an empty string without touching the (nonexistent) backend', async () => {
+        // `shellTerminalServer` is bound to an inert placeholder above: reaching for it would throw.
+        const shell = await contribution.getDefaultShell();
+        expect(shell).to.equal('');
+    });
+
+    it('reports the limitation and creates no widget when opening a terminal from the UI', async () => {
+        // `openTerminal` is the entry point for the "Create New Terminal" command and the
+        // profile quick-pick; `widgetManager` is left as an inert placeholder above, so a
+        // widget-creating code path would throw here rather than quietly succeed.
+        await (contribution as unknown as { openTerminal(): Promise<void> }).openTerminal();
+
+        expect(errorMessages).to.deep.equal(['Terminals are not supported in a browser-only application.']);
+    });
+
+    it('reports the limitation when opening a terminal for the active workspace', async () => {
+        await (contribution as unknown as { openActiveWorkspaceTerminal(): Promise<void> }).openActiveWorkspaceTerminal();
+
+        expect(errorMessages).to.deep.equal(['Terminals are not supported in a browser-only application.']);
+    });
+
+    it('reports the limitation when opening a terminal from a file/folder context menu', async () => {
+        await contribution.openInTerminal({ toString: () => 'file:///workspace' } as unknown as Parameters<TerminalFrontendContribution['openInTerminal']>[0]);
+
+        expect(errorMessages).to.deep.equal(['Terminals are not supported in a browser-only application.']);
+    });
+
+    it('does not attempt to create or restore a terminal at startup', async () => {
+        // The base implementation calls `newTerminal` and logs an error when it fails; the
+        // browser-only override must skip that attempt entirely so no such error is logged.
+        await contribution.initializeLayout();
+
+        expect(errorMessages).to.be.empty;
+    });
+
+    it('rebinding TerminalFrontendContribution redirects every toService(TerminalFrontendContribution) binding', () => {
+        // Mirrors how `terminal-frontend-module.ts` binds `TerminalService` and other contribution
+        // points via `toService(TerminalFrontendContribution)`, and how `terminal-frontend-only-module.ts`
+        // rebinds `TerminalFrontendContribution` itself so that every one of those lazily-resolved
+        // bindings is redirected to the browser-only implementation - not just `TerminalService`.
+        const module = new ContainerModule((bind, unbind, isBound, rebind) => {
+            bind(TerminalFrontendContribution).toSelf().inSingletonScope();
+            bind(TerminalService).toService(TerminalFrontendContribution);
+        });
+        const browserOnlyModule = new ContainerModule((bind, unbind, isBound, rebind) => {
+            rebind(TerminalFrontendContribution).to(BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution).inSingletonScope();
+        });
+
+        const container = new Container();
+        container.load(module);
+        bindTerminalTestDependencies(container);
+
+        // simulates `terminal-frontend-only-module.ts` loading after `terminal-frontend-module.ts`
+        container.load(browserOnlyModule);
+
+        const resolved = container.get(TerminalService);
+        expect(resolved).to.be.instanceOf(BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution);
+    });
+});

package/src/browser-only/browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// *****************************************************************************
+// Copyright (C) 2026 Robert Jandow
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
+//
+// This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
+// Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the Eclipse
+// Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License, version 2
+// with the GNU Classpath Exception which is available at
+// https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-only WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
+// *****************************************************************************
+
+import { inject, injectable } from '@theia/core/shared/inversify';
+import { MessageService } from '@theia/core/lib/common/message-service';
+import { nls } from '@theia/core/lib/common/nls';
+import { ApplicationShell } from '@theia/core/lib/browser';
+import URI from '@theia/core/lib/common/uri';
+import { TerminalFrontendContribution } from '../browser/terminal-frontend-contribution';
+import { TerminalWidgetOptions, TerminalWidget } from '../browser/base/terminal-widget';
+import { TerminalProfile } from '../browser/terminal-profile-service';
+
+/**
+ * A browser-only application has no backend to run a shell in, so it can't open terminals.
+ *
+ * `TerminalService`, `FrontendApplicationContribution`, `CommandContribution` and the other
+ * contribution points in `terminal-frontend-module.ts` are all bound with
+ * `toService(TerminalFrontendContribution)`, which resolves the token lazily on every lookup.
+ * Rebinding `TerminalFrontendContribution` itself - instead of only `TerminalService` - therefore
+ * redirects every one of those paths (UI commands, terminal profiles, and the `TerminalService`
+ * token used by plugins/tasks/debug) through this subclass, rather than just the minority of
+ * callers that happen to inject `TerminalService` directly.
+ */
+@injectable()
+export class BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution extends TerminalFrontendContribution {
+
+    @inject(MessageService)
+    protected readonly messageService: MessageService;
+
+    // There is no backend to restore or create a terminal for at startup, so skip it silently
+    // instead of letting the base implementation fail and log an error on every launch.
+    override async initializeLayout(): Promise<void> {
+        // no terminal to restore in a browser-only application
+    }
+
+    // Callers that inject the `TerminalService` token programmatically (the VS Code
+    // `window.createTerminal` API, tasks, debug sessions, AI terminal functions, ...) need a
+    // rejected promise so they can handle the failure themselves. This message is not localized
+    // since it is meant for those programmatic callers, not shown to the user directly.
+    override async newTerminal(options: TerminalWidgetOptions): Promise<TerminalWidget> {
+        throw new Error('Terminals are not supported in a browser-only application.');
+    }
+
+    // The plugin host queries the default shell on startup; report none available instead of
+    // rejecting so that query doesn't fail plugin activation.
+    override async getDefaultShell(): Promise<string> {
+        return '';
+    }
+
+    override async openInTerminal(uri: URI): Promise<void> {
+        this.showNotSupportedMessage();
+    }
+
+    protected override async openTerminal(options?: ApplicationShell.WidgetOptions, terminalProfile?: TerminalProfile): Promise<void> {
+        this.showNotSupportedMessage();
+    }
+
+    protected override async openActiveWorkspaceTerminal(options?: ApplicationShell.WidgetOptions): Promise<void> {
+        this.showNotSupportedMessage();
+    }
+
+    protected showNotSupportedMessage(): void {
+        this.messageService.error(
+            nls.localize('theia/terminal/notSupportedInBrowserOnly', 'Terminals are not supported in a browser-only application.')
+        );
+    }
+}

package/src/browser-only/terminal-frontend-only-module.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// *****************************************************************************
+// Copyright (C) 2026 Robert Jandow
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
+//
+// This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
+// Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the Eclipse
+// Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License, version 2
+// with the GNU Classpath Exception which is available at
+// https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-only WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
+// *****************************************************************************
+
+import { ContainerModule } from '@theia/core/shared/inversify';
+import { BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution } from './browser-only-terminal-frontend-contribution';
+import { TerminalFrontendContribution } from '../browser/terminal-frontend-contribution';
+
+export default new ContainerModule((bind, unbind, isBound, rebind) => {
+    rebind(TerminalFrontendContribution).to(BrowserOnlyTerminalFrontendContribution).inSingletonScope();
+});